Aerial infrared-sensor surveys of Kilauea volcano have depicted the areal extent and the relative intensity of abnormal thermal features in the caldera area of the volcano and along its associated rift zones. Many of these anomalies show correlation with visible steaming and reflect convective transfer of heat to the surface from subterranean sources. Structural details of the volcano, some not evident from surface observation, are also delineated by their thermal abnormalities. Several changes were observed in the patterns of infrared emission during the period of study; two such changes show correlation in location with subsequent eruptions, but the cause-and-effect relationship is uncertain.
Thermal anomalies were also observed on the southwest flank of Mauna Loa; images of other volcanoes on the island of Hawaii, and of Haleakala on the island of Maui, revealed no thermal abnormalities.
Approximately 25 large springs issuing into the ocean around the periphery of Hawaii have been detected.
Infrared emission varies widely with surface texture and composition, suggesting that similar observations may have value for estimating surface conditions on the moon or planets.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.146.3645.733","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Fischer, W.A., Moxham, R., Polcyn, F., and Landis, G., 1964, Infrared surveys of Hawaiian volcanoes: Science, v. 146, no. 3645, p. 733-742, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3645.733.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"742","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288982,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3645.733"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala, Kilauea, Mauna 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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0011-7471(64)90006-3","usgsCitation":"Sachs, K.N., Cifelli, R., and Bowen, V.T., 1964, Ignition to concentrate shelled organisms in plankton samples: Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, v. 11, no. 4, p. 621-622, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(64)90006-3.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"622","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3869e4b0c8380cd6156a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sachs, K. N. Jr.","contributorId":36282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sachs","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cifelli, R.","contributorId":98875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cifelli","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, V. T.","contributorId":49102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1013987,"text":"1013987 - 1964 - Geographic distribution of some species of trichodinids (Ciliata: Peritricha) parasitic on fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T14:58:31.97438","indexId":"1013987","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic distribution of some species of trichodinids (Ciliata: Peritricha) parasitic on fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.2307/3276022","usgsCitation":"Lom, J., and Hoffman, G.L., 1964, Geographic distribution of some species of trichodinids (Ciliata: Peritricha) parasitic on fishes: Journal of Parasitology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 30-35, https://doi.org/10.2307/3276022.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3276022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a956f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lom, J.","contributorId":83879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lom","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2511,"text":"wsp1768 - 1964 - Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:23:08.28216","indexId":"wsp1768","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1768","title":"Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The report area comprises 270 square miles, and includes most of the Towns of Babylon and Islip, and parts of the Towns of Huntington, Smithtown, and Brookhaven, in southwestern Suffolk County, New York. \r\n\r\nAlmost all the water used in the area is obtained from wells screened in permeable zones of the ground-water reservoir which consists of unconsolidated deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay as much as 1,800 feet thick. The ground-water reservoir contains three principal aquifers. From the surface down these are (a) surficial deposits of sand and gravel of Pleistocene age, (b) sands of the Magothy (?) Formation of Cretaceous age, and (c) the Lloyd Sand Member of the Raritan Formation of Cretaceous age. At present only the upper two aquifers are tapped by wells. Natural replenishment of the ground-water reservoir in the area takes place entirely by infiltration of precipitation and averages about 215 mgd (million gallons per day). Average ground-water runoff to streams above tidewater is 114 mgd, and it is estimated that an additional 54 mgd is discharged into tidal reaches of streams. Ground-water evapotranspiration is computed to be about 10 mgd and submarine outflow from the area is estimated to be 18 mgd. The average streamflow of the area above tidewater is 120 mgd. Because of the permeable soils and low relief, direct runoff is only about 5 percent of the average streamflow. Streams are perennial along their middle and lower reaches and exhibit well-sustained low flows. Flooding rarely occurs although continued urbanization may result in minor flooding problems as additional storm sewers are constructed. \r\n\r\nWater in most of the area is generally of good quality; however, it may be contaminated locally. Some streams and parts of the water-table aquifer contain low concentrations of synthetic detergents and other dissolved constituents from domestic and industrial wastes. Salty water occurs in parts of the water-table aquifer in the area under and bordering Great South Bay and under the barrier beaches. Present information, however, indicates that submarine outflow in the artesian aquifers is sufficient to maintain the fresh water-salt water interface some distance seaward of the barrier beaches. \r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawals in 1960 averaged 39 mgd, most of which was returned to the ground through cesspools, leaching beds, and recharge wells; pumpage did not appreciably affect the natural water balance of the groundwater reservoir. If withdrawals continue to be artificially recharged, pumpage can be increased at least fivefold before consumptive losses materially reduce ground-water levels. However, if the area were completely sewered in the future, an adequate supply of ground water for a substantially increased population could not be obtained without (a) reducing the amount of ground water in storage in the reservoir or (b) recharging treated-sewage effluent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1768","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E.J., and Kantrowitz, I.H., 1964, Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1768, Report: v, 119 p.; 8 Plates: 30.00 x 32.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1768.","productDescription":"Report: v, 119 p.; 8 Plates: 30.00 x 32.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28672,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28671,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28670,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28669,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28668,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28667,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28666,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28665,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28664,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1768/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414130,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24946.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Babylon-Islip area, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.479,\n 40.883\n ],\n [\n -73.479,\n 40.604\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.604\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 40.883\n ],\n [\n -73.479,\n 40.883\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, Edward J.","contributorId":87911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrowitz, Irwin H.","contributorId":93472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrowitz","given":"Irwin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68197,"text":"ha124 - 1964 - Availability of ground water in the Hazel quadrangle, Kentucky-Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T22:41:05.489714","indexId":"ha124","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"124","title":"Availability of ground water in the Hazel quadrangle, Kentucky-Tennessee","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha124","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1964, Availability of ground water in the Hazel quadrangle, Kentucky-Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 124, 1 Plate: 47.50 x 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha124.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 47.50 x 34.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89542,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/124/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413584,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15481.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Hazel quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.375,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -88.375,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -88.25,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -88.25,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -88.375,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCary, L.M.","contributorId":13200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCary","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010468,"text":"70010468 - 1964 - Trapping levels and thermoluminescence of CsI doped with various activators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:21","indexId":"70010468","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3064,"text":"Physical Review Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trapping levels and thermoluminescence of CsI doped with various activators","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Review Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.369","issn":"00319007","usgsCitation":"Martinez, P., Senftle, F.E., and Page, M., 1964, Trapping levels and thermoluminescence of CsI doped with various activators: Physical Review Letters, v. 12, no. 13, p. 369-372, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.369.","startPage":"369","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204910,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.369"},{"id":219073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1964-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb76fe4b08c986b327284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinez, P.","contributorId":38706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, M.","contributorId":67649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010745,"text":"70010745 - 1964 - Pentaborate polyanion in the crystal structure of ulexite, NaCaB5O6(OH)6*5H2O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T14:49:10","indexId":"70010745","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pentaborate polyanion in the crystal structure of ulexite, NaCaB5O6(OH)6*5H2O","docAbstract":"Triclinic ulexite crystals contain isolated borate polyanions [B5O6(OH)6]3- related to the well known pentaborate polyanion [B5O6(OH)4]- by addition of two hydroxyl groups to two opposite B-O triangles. The isolated ulexite polyanions form the [B5O7(OH)4]n3n- chains previously found in crystals of the related mineral probertite, NaCaB5O7(OH)4·3H2O.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.145.3638.1295","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., and Appleman, D.E., 1964, Pentaborate polyanion in the crystal structure of ulexite, NaCaB5O6(OH)6*5H2O: Science, v. 145, no. 3638, p. 1295-1296, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3638.1295.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1295","endPage":"1296","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3638","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a765ae4b0c8380cd78079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joan R.","contributorId":71648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appleman, Daniel E.","contributorId":60718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appleman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":87139,"text":"87139 - 1964 - White-fronts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T09:44:48","indexId":"87139","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3733,"text":"Waterfowl Tomorrow","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-fronts","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl tomorrow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Dzubin, A., Miller, H., and Schildman, G., 1964, White-fronts: Waterfowl Tomorrow, p. 135-143.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e488a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linduska, J.P.","contributorId":64308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linduska","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dzubin, Alexander","contributorId":35673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzubin","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, H.W.","contributorId":102825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schildman, G.V.","contributorId":8787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schildman","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000108,"text":"1000108 - 1964 - Movements, growth, and rate of recapture of whitefish tagged in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-29T09:56:25","indexId":"1000108","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements, growth, and rate of recapture of whitefish tagged in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"A total of 1,303 whitefish were marked with spaghetti streamer tags in Wisconsin waters off Lake Superior in November of 1959, 1960, and 1961 and June-July 1960. The fish tagged in June-July 1960 were mostly undersized (less than 17 inches long) whereas those captured on the spawning grounds and tagged in November 1959-61 were almost all legal size. Of the 374 recoveries (28.7 percent), nearly all were made during the first 2 years after tagging. The earliest returns were from fish which were among the largest when tagged. Over one-half of the recoveries were made within 5 miles of the tagging site; the greatest distance traveled by an individual was 25 miles. The fish tagged in June-July 1960 grew 1.6 inches the first season and 1.2 the second. Of 27 whitefish recaptured within 6 months from the November 1959-61 group, 17 (63 percent) had lost length (range from decrease 0.1 to 1.4 inches). Whitefish of the June-July group recaptured during the second growing season after tagging gave an exploitation rate of 22.6 percent. First-year returns from the November 1959-61 tagging gave an exploitation rate of 20.5 percent. The true exploitation rate probably is higher since no allowance has been made for tagging mortality, loss of tags, or unreported recaptures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Dryer, W.R., 1964, Movements, growth, and rate of recapture of whitefish tagged in the Apostle Islands area of Lake Superior: Fishery Bulletin, v. 63, no. 3, p. 611-618.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"618","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/63-3/633toc.html"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dryer, William R.","contributorId":71921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dryer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000364,"text":"1000364 - 1964 - The spottail shiner in Lower Red Lake, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-25T11:53:38","indexId":"1000364","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spottail shiner in Lower Red Lake, Minnesota","docAbstract":"On the basis of 14,564 spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius) from Red Lakes, Minnesota, growth rates, strength of year classes, and food utilization were studied. Males and females had different body-scale relationships, and females grew faster than males. There was high correlation between water temperature and growth rate. Strength of year classes was closely related to size of spawning population. Food habits were related to food availability in both plankton and bottom fauna. Shiner eggs were significant items of food in larger shiners. Bottom organisms were selectively taken, and larger cladocerans were selected by large fish. Cladocerans were preferred to copepods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[35:TSSILR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.L., and Kramer, R.H., 1964, The spottail shiner in Lower Red Lake, Minnesota: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 93, no. 1, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[35:TSSILR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63606a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lloyd L. Jr.","contributorId":103618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lloyd","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kramer, Robert H.","contributorId":60576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24,"text":"wsp1725 - 1964 - Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960; Part 3-A. Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T19:12:01.650978","indexId":"wsp1725","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1725","title":"Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960; Part 3-A. Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1725","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., Crawford, L.C., Doll, W.L., Dougherty, D.F., Gambrell, J.W., Hale, M.D., Mitchell, W.D., Molloy, J.J., Odell, J.W., Rice, E.B., and Schrader, F.F., 1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960; Part 3-A. Ohio River basin except Cumberland and Tennessee River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1725, Report: xiii, 560 p.; 1 Plate: 40.00 x 31.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1725.","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 560 p.; 1 Plate: 40.00 x 31.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24909.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1725/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24638,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1725/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1725/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78,\n 43.33\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 43.33\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 36.15\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 36.15\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 43.33\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9544","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. 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W.","contributorId":331292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gambrell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hale, M. D.","contributorId":59110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mitchell, W. D.","contributorId":93023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Molloy, J. J.","contributorId":331293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molloy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Odell, J. W.","contributorId":60318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rice, E. B.","contributorId":331294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schrader, F. F.","contributorId":88082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":1000064,"text":"1000064 - 1964 - Age, growth and sex composition of the American smelt Osmerus mordax(Mitchill), of western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T12:19:06","indexId":"1000064","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth and sex composition of the American smelt Osmerus mordax(Mitchill), of western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"This study is based on 4,561 smelt collected in Chequamegon Bay, the Apostle Islands, the Brule River, and Superior Harbor, all in western Lake Superior. Commercial production in the Great Lakes (U.S. and Canada combined) reached a peak of nearly 16 million pounds in 1960. Production in Lake Superior has generally been small but increased during the 1950's to reach 948,000 pounds in 1960. All O-group and spring I-group smelt had scales with sufficient sculpturing to permit detection of the first annulus. Annulus formation began after 6 June in 1960. In 1961, all smelt had completed the annulus by 24 August. The body-scale relation is a straight line with an intercept of -0.9 inch on the axis of fish length. The weight of western Lake Superior smelt increased as the 2.952 power of the length. A large range of length in each age group and resulting overlap of age-groups II-VI made length a poor index of age. Female smelt grew faster than males after the second year and dominated strongly in age-groups IV-VII. Both sexes made their best annual growth in length (3.3 inches) during their second year of life; the largest weight increments (0.74 ounce, males; 0.85 ounce, females) came in the third year. Best production from a commercial pound net in 1961 occurred when the sex ratios of spawning smelt were nearest 50:50. Spawning male smelt were consistently shorter than females and the average lengths of both sexes decreased as the spawning season progressed. Shortest mature smelt of each sex were 5.0 to 5.2 inches but the males are probably the first to reach 100 percent maturity. All year-old smelt were immature. Among 2-year-old fish, 40.7 per cent of the males and 17.7 percent of the females had reached maturity. All smelt more than 2 years old were mature. Ovaries of 10 smelt contained an average of 31,338 eggs for fish 7.3 to 8.8 inches long.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[382:AGMASC]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Bailey, M.M., 1964, Age, growth and sex composition of the American smelt Osmerus mordax(Mitchill), of western Lake Superior: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 93, no. 4, p. 382-395, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[382:AGMASC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"382","endPage":"395","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266927,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[382:AGMASC]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6892a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Merryll M.","contributorId":47724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Merryll","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000315,"text":"1000315 - 1964 - Age and growth of the round whitefish in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T11:32:48","indexId":"1000315","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and growth of the round whitefish in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The round whitefish, though rarely abundant, is widely distributed in northern waters. It is one of the least studied of the coregonines; the present report is but the second for Great Lakes waters. Commercial production in Lake Michigan has been tightly confined to the northern portion. The period 1924-30 showed the best production: 200,000 to 359,000 pounds. Since 1956, production has been around 10,000 pounds or less. The present age and growth study is based on 208 fish collected by gill net in December 1951. The relation between total length in inches (L) and the weight in ounces (W) is described by the equation log W = -2.7232 + 3.2940 log L. Age-group III made up 66.3 percent, and age-group IV, 20.6 percent of the sample; age-groups V, VI, and VII combined contributed only 5.9 percent. The average length for all fish in the sample was 14.5 inches. Growth was calculated from a previously published linear body-scale relation with an intercept of 1.1 inches on the axis of fish length. The increments of calculated length declined steadily from a maximum of 4.6 inches the first year to 1.0 inch the eighth. A 3-year-old Lake Michigan fish (12.3 inches) is as long as a 5-year-old Lake Superior fish, and an 8-year-old Lake Michigan fish (18.9 inches) is 0.9 inch longer than the oldest (12 years) from Lake Superior. The smallest mature males and females were in the length intervals 12.0-12.4 inches and 13.0-13.4 inches, respectively. All males over 1.4 inches and all females over 14.9 inches were mature. The youngest mature males were in age-group II; 36 percent of II-group males but none of the females were mature. All fish older than age-group III were mature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[46:AAGOTR]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Mraz, D., 1964, Age and growth of the round whitefish in Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 93, no. 1, p. 46-52, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[46:AAGOTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266922,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[46:AAGOTR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":132989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mraz, Donald","contributorId":21502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mraz","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185667,"text":"70185667 - 1964 - [Book review] Politics and water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T12:55:04","indexId":"70185667","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Politics and water resources","docAbstract":"Arizona is a state in which development has proceeded sufficiently rapidly relative to the available water supply that its water problems are as acute as those of nearly any other state in the Union. Owing to the fact that, in the past, the principal use of water was for irrigation, and that the areas where the water has been utilized were geographically separated from the mountain zones where the water originated, surface water resources were developed fairly early in the state’s history.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.144.3617.402-b","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1964, [Book review] Politics and water resources: Science, v. 144, no. 3617, p. 402-403, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.144.3617.402-b.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"402","endPage":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"144","issue":"3617","publicComments":"This is a review of \"The Politics of Water in Arizona. Dean E. Mann. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1963. xviii + 317 pp. Illus.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2540e4b0543bf7fda881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35313,"text":"b1179 - 1964 - Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20216,"text":"ofr6290 - 1962 - Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada","indexId":"ofr6290","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35313,"text":"b1179 - 1964 - Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada","indexId":"b1179","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T18:49:25.19986","indexId":"b1179","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1179","title":"Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1179","usgsCitation":"Muffler, L., 1964, Geology of the Frenchie Creek quadrangle, north-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1179, Report: vi, 99 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 25.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1179.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 99 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 25.5 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109465,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20945.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20945"},{"id":63176,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1179/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Frenchie Creek quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68049a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muffler, L.J.P.","contributorId":63383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28,"text":"wsp1732 - 1964 - Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960; Part 8. Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:10:33.1667","indexId":"wsp1732","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1732","title":"Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960; Part 8. Western Gulf of Mexico basins","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1732","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., Flynn, F.J., Hansen, F.N., Heckler, W., Odell, J.W., and Twichell, T., 1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, October 1950 to September 1960; Part 8. Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1732, Report: xiii, 574 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 x 37.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1732.","productDescription":"Report: xiii, 574 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 x 37.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":24644,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1732/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1732/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":135998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1732/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422855,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24916.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western Gulf of Mexico basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.04785242418635,\n 26.02341883395539\n ],\n [\n -97.56000355085493,\n 27.265146388287505\n ],\n [\n -93.79400375065538,\n 29.900297672841944\n ],\n [\n -93.58787098933072,\n 31.019827445085156\n ],\n [\n -96.96819258762295,\n 33.0631421453822\n ],\n [\n -98.64763283186551,\n 33.37051097217882\n ],\n [\n -100.3124563871169,\n 34.2950004821478\n ],\n [\n -103.02403589048271,\n 35.134172176431235\n ],\n [\n -105.7582041266796,\n 36.4498812106811\n ],\n [\n -106.23134769526013,\n 36.92750247188016\n ],\n [\n -108.01111287860948,\n 36.7769096937956\n ],\n [\n -109.09338246092616,\n 31.266864885493334\n ],\n [\n -108.13798931850049,\n 31.348789157179375\n ],\n [\n -108.21087951605597,\n 31.891863198694963\n ],\n [\n -106.48713419406803,\n 31.836237375822847\n ],\n [\n -105.31452620265395,\n 30.755534837378647\n ],\n [\n -104.54415384596152,\n 29.68790163864223\n ],\n [\n -103.06762833913263,\n 29.00690275725698\n ],\n [\n -102.45063542166073,\n 29.843751188242777\n ],\n [\n -101.64276749512436,\n 29.84401584721259\n ],\n [\n -100.98556625658148,\n 29.391983744373746\n ],\n [\n -99.98457388597635,\n 27.799787763222113\n ],\n [\n -99.34667557319781,\n 26.939018734186632\n ],\n [\n -99.03256544310793,\n 26.307005575433138\n ],\n [\n -97.3416944129828,\n 25.906469787653705\n ],\n [\n -97.04785242418635,\n 26.02341883395539\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9978","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, F. J.","contributorId":331724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flynn","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, F. N.","contributorId":80544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heckler, W. L.","contributorId":106566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heckler","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Odell, J. W.","contributorId":60318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Twichell, Trigg","contributorId":268357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"Trigg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":35333,"text":"b1181E - 1964 - Fossils in Ordovician tuffs, northeastern Maine, with a section on Trilobita","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T19:46:46.598494","indexId":"b1181E","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1181","chapter":"E","title":"Fossils in Ordovician tuffs, northeastern Maine, with a section on Trilobita","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1181E","usgsCitation":"Neuman, R.B., and Whittington, H.B., 1964, Fossils in Ordovician tuffs, northeastern Maine, with a section on Trilobita: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1181, iii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1181E.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166070,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1181e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422356,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92581.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":96900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1181e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.62428279193294,\n 46.06045874075332\n ],\n [\n -68.23156180130611,\n 46.06045874075332\n ],\n [\n -68.23156180130611,\n 46.24018847058082\n ],\n [\n -68.62428279193294,\n 46.24018847058082\n ],\n [\n -68.62428279193294,\n 46.06045874075332\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a92dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuman, R. B.","contributorId":83579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittington, H. B.","contributorId":19614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittington","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2404,"text":"wsp1749 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:27:13.54031","indexId":"wsp1749","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1749","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The area described in this report is in southwestern Minnesota, about 130 miles southwest of Minneapolis and St. Paul. It includes; Nobles County and the western tier of townships in Jackson County, a total of 864 square miles. Worthington, the Nobles County seat, is the largest city in the area, having a population of 9,015 persons (1960 census). Farming is the leading occupation, and food processing is the major industry. Critical water shortages have occurred in several parts of the area.
\nThe climate is characterized by mild, subhumid summers and relatively long, severe winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 15.1 °F in January to 73.3 °F in July. The mean annual precipitation is 26.75 inches.
\nThe crest of the Coteau des Prairies, a broad highland belt, traverses Nobles County from northwest to southeast. Three glacial end moraines and their associated ground moraines trend south to southeast across the area. Altitudes range from about 1,820 feet on the crest of the coteau in the northwestern part of the area to about 1,390 feet above mean sea level in the Jack and Okabena Creek valleys in the northeast.
\nThe Mississippi-Missouri River drainage divide crosses the area from north to east. The Gary outer end moraine trends southeast through central Nobles County. East of this moraine the land is poorly drained and contains numerous lakes and swamps; west of this moraine the land is well drained and contains few, if any, undrained depressions.
\nWithin the area, granite and Sioux Quartzite of Precambrian age are overlain by Cretaceous strata, except locally in the northeast and northwest parts of the area where the quartzite is directly overlain by glacial drift. The Cretaceous strata are composed of interbedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone. The surface of the area is composed of Pleistocene deposits of glacial drift and some thin, patchy deposits of Recent age. Bedrock is not known to crop out in the area. The drift ranges in thickness from about 150 feet in the southwest and northeast corners to about 500 feet on the highest part of the Coteau des Prairies.
\nThe Precambrian granite is not a source of ground water in this area. The Sioux Quartzite yields moderate supplies in adjacent counties to the north and west, but because of its sporadic occurrence it does not constitute an important water source in this area. The Cretaceous sandstone units are a secondary source of ground water and yield adequate supplies 'to at least 24 farm wells, which range in depth from 283 to 586 feet below land surface.
\nThe primary source of ground water in the Nobles-Jackson County area is the glacial drift. Buried outwash deposits supply water to 7 of the 10 municipalities and to most of the farms in the area. Two Worthington city wells, completed in a buried outwash deposit underlying East Okabena dry lake bed, were tested for short periods at 500 gallons per minute. The estimated coefficient of transmissibility for the aquifer at one of the wells was 70,000 gpd (gallons per day) per ft.
\nThe buried outwash deposits may occur anywhere within the drift from about 15 feet below land surface to bedrock which is as much as 500 feet below land surface. The outwash ranges from a fraction of a foot to more than 25 feet in thickness where permeable; below the water table it generally will supply ample quantities of water to properly constructed wells.
\nSurflcial outwash deposits fill the valley bottoms and form the terrace deposits associated with the present-day drainage channels. The thicker, more extensive, and continuous deposits occur in the proglacial stream channels that drained the fronts of the ice sheets rather than in those channels that now drain the backs of the moraines. The surflcial outwash deposits generally are made up of sand, gravel and some silt and clay, and range in thickness from 0 to more than 60 feet; they range in width from a few feet in the narrow tributaries to about one mile in the larger stream valleys.
\nFour municipalities and many farms obtain part or all of their water supplies from surficial outwash. An Adrian municipal well, completed in this source, was pumped at a rate of 400 gpm. At the confluence of two streams which drain Ocheda Lake in southeastern Nobles County, the sand and gravel section is more than 60 feet thick in places. Results of a pumping test here showed an average coefficient of transmissibility of 150,000 gpd per ft. Coefficients of transmissibility may be as much as 500,000 gdp per ft in the thickest part of the deposit if the permeability of the sand and gravel is uniform.
\nRecharge to the surflcial outwash deposits is relatively rapid; it is slower to the buried outwash deposits where the descending water must percolate through till of low permeability before entering the aquifers.
\nThe quality of water in the Precambrian crystalline rocks, the Cretaceous strata, and the buried Pleistocene aquifers is poor. Chemical analyses of 22 water samples showed that dissolved solids ranged from 1,100 ppm (parts per million) to 3,050 ppm. Water from the surficial outwash deposits is good by comparison; dissolved solids in water from these aquifers ranged from 425 to 870 ppm.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1749","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation, and the city of Worthington","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R.F., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1749, Document: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 23.0 x 23.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1749.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 23.0 x 23.5 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28402,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28399,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415582,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24926.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28403,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28400,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28401,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Jackson County, Nobles County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.051,\n 43.847\n ],\n [\n -96.051,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -95.336,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -95.336,\n 43.847\n ],\n [\n -96.051,\n 43.847\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, Ralph F.","contributorId":65456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36338,"text":"b1174 - 1964 - Taconic stratigraphic names: Definitions and synonymies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T18:55:20.780442","indexId":"b1174","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1174","title":"Taconic stratigraphic names: Definitions and synonymies","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1174","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1964, Taconic stratigraphic names: Definitions and synonymies: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1174, iv, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1174.","productDescription":"iv, 95 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":64285,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1174/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":166950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1174/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Taconic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -74.25,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -74.25,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -72.75,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":38564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70191371,"text":"70191371 - 1964 - Developing a State Water Plan: A basic water resource data program for Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-09T08:52:31","indexId":"70191371","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Developing a State Water Plan: A basic water resource data program for Utah","docAbstract":"Reliable data on Utah's water resources are essential to development of a State Water plan. While the need for such data was outlined in the report entitles \"Developing a State Water Plan - Utah's water resources, problems, and needs - A challenge\" published by the Utah Water and Power Board and Utah State University in 1963, the discussion was, of necessity, brief. Further definition and scheduling of data collection and related investigations were known to be needed.
The report which follows was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of that agency's cooperative program with the State of Utah. It outlines, in greater detail, what the Geological Survey feels is an appropriate long-range program of investigations to provide part of the basic data which will be needed during the course of the State's water planning program. Some of these investigations already are underway, and others will be undertaken in the immediate future.
This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources, and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later.
Records were collected during the period 1935-64 by the U.S. Geological survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as part of the investigation of ground-water conditions in the Sevier Desert, in Juab and Millard Counties, Utah. The interpretive material will be published in a companion report by R. W. Mower and R. D. Feltis.
This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site on plate 1 and examine the records of nearby wells as shown in the tables and figures. From table 1 he can note such things as depth, diameter, water level, yield, use of water, temperature of water, and depth of perforations. By comparing the depth of perforations with the drillers' logs in table 3 he can note the type of material that yields water to the wells. Table 2 and figure 2 show the historic fluctuations and trends of water levels in the vicinity. From table 4 he can note the chemical quality of the water from wells in the vicinity. Table 5 shows the amount of water discharged during 1951-63 from the pumped irrigation, public supply, and industrial wells. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable, he can place an application to drill a well with the state Engineer. If the State Engineer believes unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied.
The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/70190980","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, Quality of surface waters in Utah, October 1962 to September 1963: Open-File Report, v, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70190980.","productDescription":"v, 77 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","publicComments":"Data Release 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c22cb6e4b091459a61b756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":127955,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":710811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176113,"text":"70176113 - 1964 - Surface water records of Texas, 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T17:30:30","indexId":"70176113","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5196,"text":"Water Data Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Surface water records of Texas, 1963","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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