The crystal structures of the five known members of the series Ca2B6O11·xH2O (x = 1, 5, 5, 7, 9, and 13) have been refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques, yielding bond distances and angles with standard errors of less than 0·01 Å and 0·5°, respectively. The results illustrate the crystal chemical principles that govern the structures of hydrated borate compounds. The importance of hydrogen bonding in the ferroelectric transition of colemanite is confirmed by more accurate proton assignments.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Garza, S., 1964, Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1963: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 6, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b56e4b03bcb0104bc3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garza, Sergio","contributorId":88713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garza","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81377,"text":"81377 - 1964 - The true pikes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T16:44:37.895882","indexId":"81377","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":29,"text":"Fishery Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"569","title":"The true pikes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Karvelis, E.G., 1964, The true pikes: Fishery Leaflet 569, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://spo.nmfs.noaa.gov/content/true-pikes-0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karvelis, Ernest G.","contributorId":55547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karvelis","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014138,"text":"1014138 - 1964 - Selected topics on bacterial fish diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1014138","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1164,"text":"Canadian Fish Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected topics on bacterial fish diseases","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Fish Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"144/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1964, Selected topics on bacterial fish diseases: Canadian Fish Culturist, v. 32, p. 19-24.","productDescription":"p. 19-24","startPage":"19","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f8004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85343,"text":"85343 - 1964 - Adventuresome waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"85343","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Adventuresome waterfowl","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl tomorrow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Mendall, H.L., and Nelson, H., 1964, Adventuresome waterfowl, chap. of Waterfowl tomorrow, p. 305-311 [770 pp.].","productDescription":"p. 305-311 [770 pp.]","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698ec3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linduska, J.P.","contributorId":64308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linduska","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504426,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mendall, H. L.","contributorId":29352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendall","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, H.K.","contributorId":21489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000316,"text":"1000316 - 1964 - Age, growth, sex ratio, and maturity of the whitefish in central Green Bay and adjacent waters of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-25T15:28:23","indexId":"1000316","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1664,"text":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth, sex ratio, and maturity of the whitefish in central Green Bay and adjacent waters of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"This study is based on 1,023 whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill)--819 in seven samples from five localitites in central Green Bay in 1948-49 and 1851-52 and 204 in a single 1948 collection from northwestern Lake Michigan proper. Records of age indicated unusual strength for only one year class--1943 which strongly dominated the 1948 sample from Lake Michigan and the 1949 sample from Green Bay and was well represented in the 1948 collection from green Bay. Collection of 1951-52 without exception were dominated by age group III. Length distributions of samples varied widely according to the age composition. Among fish more than 2 years old, the length distributions of age groups overlapped broadly. Several 1-inch intervals included fish of four age groups. The length-weight relation varied considerably among central Green Bay samples, but differences among localitites were nearly equalled by the year-to-year difference at a single locality. Lake Michigan whitefish were generally lighter than those from Green Bay. Weight increased to the 3.386 power of length in Green Bay (combined samples) and the 3.359 power in Lake Michigan. Growth in length, calculated by direct proportion from diameter measurements of growth fields on scales, differed among localities in central Green Bay and between samples of different years at a single locality. If permanent locality differences exist they are not large and can be obscured by the evident annual fluctuations of growth. The grand average calculated length of Green Bay whitefish (combined collections) exceeded that of Lake Michigan fish in all years of life. The advantage was greatest (2.2 inches) at 3 years (calculated lengths of 16.0 inches and 13.8 inches) and subsequently declined to 0.5 inch at 9 years (lengths of 24.6 and 24.1 inches). Both groups reached the minimum legal length of 17 inches during the fourth growing season. Green Bay whitefish also had the larger calculated weights. The advantage reached 9.3 ounces in 3 years (calculated weights of 22.4 and 13.1 ounces). In years of life 4-9, the weight advantage over Lake Michigan fish ranged from 8.7 ounces, (seventh year; weights of 74.4 and 65.7 ounces) to 12.2 ounces (ninth year; weights of 96.2 and 84.0 ounces). Comparison of growth of whitefish at four localities in northern Lake Michigan indicates that fastest growth is in central Green Bay and slowest near the Fox Islands. Growth is intermediate and similar in northwestern Lake Michigan proper and sorthern Green Bay. Youngest mature male whitefish in green Bay belonged to age group II and youngest mature females to age group III. All IV-group fish were mature. Shortest mature males were at 14.5-14.9 inches and shortest mature females at 16.5-16.9 inches. All males longer than 17.9 inches and all females longer than 18.4 inches were mature.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mraz, D., 1964, Age, growth, sex ratio, and maturity of the whitefish in central Green Bay and adjacent waters of Lake Michigan: Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 63, no. 3, p. 619-634.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68925b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mraz, Donald","contributorId":21502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mraz","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014137,"text":"1014137 - 1964 - Remarks on some facets of epizootiology of bacterial fish diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1014137","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1385,"text":"Developments in Industrial Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remarks on some facets of epizootiology of bacterial fish diseases","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in Industrial Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"143b/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1964, Remarks on some facets of epizootiology of bacterial fish diseases: Developments in Industrial Microbiology, v. 5, p. 97-100.","productDescription":"p. 97-100","startPage":"97","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010464,"text":"70010464 - 1964 - Minor-element composition and organic carbon content of marine and nonmarine shales of Late Cretaceous age in the western interior of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T00:56:34.558115","indexId":"70010464","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor-element composition and organic carbon content of marine and nonmarine shales of Late Cretaceous age in the western interior of the United States","docAbstract":"The composition of nonmarine shales of Cretaceous age that contain less than 1 per cent organic carbon is assumed to represent the inherited minor-element composition of clayey sediments delivered to the Cretaceous sea that occupied the western interior region of North America. Differences in minor-element content between these samples and samples of
(a) nonmarine carbonaceous shales (1 to 17 per cent organic carbon),
(b) nearshore marine shales (less than 1 per cent organic carbon), and
(c) offshore marine shales (as much as 8 per cent organic carbon), all of the same age, reveal certain aspects of the role played by clay minerals and organic materials in affecting the minor-element composition of the rocks.
The organic carbon in the nonmarine rocks occurs in disseminated coaly plant remains. The organic carbon in the marine rocks occurs predominantly in humic material derived from terrestrial plants. The close similarity in composition between the organic isolates from the marine samples and low-rank coal suggests that the amount of marine organic material in these rocks is small.
The minor-element content of the two kinds of nonmarine shales is the same despite the relatively large amount of organic carbon in the carbonaceous shales. The nearshore marine shales, however, contain larger median amounts of arsenic, boron, chromium, vanadium and zinc than do the nonmarine rocks; and the offshore marine shales contain even larger amounts of these elements. Cobalt, molybdenum, lead and zirconium show insignificant differences in median content between the nonmarine and marine rocks, although as much as 25 ppm molybdenum is present in some offshore marine samples. The gallium content is lower in the marine than in the nonmarine samples. Copper and selenium contents of the two kinds of nonmarine rocks and the nearshore marine samples are the same, but those of the offshore samples are larger.
In general, arsenic, chromium, copper, molybdenum, selenium, vanadium and zinc are concentrated in those offshore marine samples having the largest amounts of organic carbon, but samples with equal amounts of vanadium, for instance, may differ by a factor of 3 in their amount of organic carbon. Arsenic and molybdenum occur in some samples chiefly in syngenetic pyrite but also are present in relatively large amounts in samples that contain little pyrite.
The data on nonmarine carbonaceous shales indicate that organic matter of terrestrial origin in marine shales contributes little to the minor-element content of such rocks. It is possible that marine organic matter, even though seemingly small in amount in marine shales, contributes to the minor-element composition of the shales. In addition to any such contribution, however, the great effectiveness in sorption processes of humic materials in conjunction with clay minerals suggests that such processes must have played an important role as these materials moved from the relatively dilute solutions of the nonmarine environment to the relatively concentrated solution of sea water. The volumes of sea water sufficient to supply for sorption the amounts of most minor elements in the offshore marine samples are insignificant compared to the volumes of water with which the clay and organic matter were in contact during their transportation and sedimentation. Consequently, the chemical characteristics of the environment in which the clay minerals and organic matter accumulated and underwent diagenesis probably were the most important factors in controlling the degree to which sorption processes and the formation of syngenetic minerals affected the final composition of the rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(64)90008-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H.A., 1964, Minor-element composition and organic carbon content of marine and nonmarine shales of Late Cretaceous age in the western interior of the United States: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 28, no. 10-11, p. 1579-1604, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(64)90008-0.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1604","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b29e4b0c8380cd6f38b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, H. A.","contributorId":79140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001811,"text":"1001811 - 1964 - Numbered nasal discs for waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-05T16:56:06.547022","indexId":"1001811","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numbered nasal discs for waterfowl","docAbstract":"Numbered nasal discs were successfully used in studies requiring large numbers of individually marked waterfowl. The procedure for constructing these discs is outlined. Blue-winged teal (Anas discors) with 5/8-inch discs, and canvasback (Aythya valisineria) and redhead (A. americana) with 3/4-inch discs can be individually identified up to 50 and 80 yards, respectively, with a gunstock-mounted, 20-power spotting scope. The particular value of these markers is their durability, the number of combinations possible, and the apparent absence of behavioral or mortality influence among such species as the blue-winged teal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798783","usgsCitation":"Bartonek, J., and Dane, C., 1964, Numbered nasal discs for waterfowl: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 28, no. 4, p. 688-692, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798783.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"688","endPage":"692","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartonek, James C.","contributorId":38085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dane, C.W.","contributorId":95003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dane","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003310,"text":"1003310 - 1964 - Toxicological effects of herbicides on the fish environment Part 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:24","indexId":"1003310","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3727,"text":"Water and Sewage Works","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicological effects of herbicides on the fish environment Part 1","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water and Sewage Works","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Walker, C., 1964, Toxicological effects of herbicides on the fish environment Part 1: Water and Sewage Works, v. 111, no. 3, p. 113-116.","productDescription":"pp. 113-116","startPage":"113","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, C.R.","contributorId":69097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009991,"text":"70009991 - 1964 - Spectrophotometric determination of fluorine in silicate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T00:58:14.618203","indexId":"70009991","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrophotometric determination of fluorine in silicate rocks","docAbstract":"The rock powder is sintered with a sodium carbonate flux containing zinc oxide and magnesium carbonate, the sinter-cake leached with water and the resulting solution filtered. Fluorine is separated from the acidified filtrate by steam distillation and determined spectrophotometrically by means of a zirconium-SPADNS reagent. If a multiple-unit distillation apparatus is used, 12 determinations can be completed per man-day.
The total vapor pressure of Philippine tektite melts of approximately 70 per cent silica has been determined at temperatures ranging from 1500 to 2100°C. This pressure is 190 ± 40 mm Hg at 1500°C, 450 ± 50 mm at 1800°C and 850 ± 70 mm at 2100° C. Determinations were made by visually observing the temperature at which bubbles began to form at a constant low ambient pressure. By varying the ambient pressure, a boiling point curve was constructed. This curve differs from the equilibrium vapor pressure curve due to surface tension effects. This difference was evaluated by determining the equilibrium bubble size in the melt and calculating the pressure due to surface tension, assuming the latter to be 380 dyn/cm.
The relative volatility from tektite melts of the oxides of Na, K, Fe, Al and Si has been determined as a function of temperature, total pressure arid roughly, of oxygen fugacity. The volatility of SiO2 is decreased and that of Na2O and K2O is increased in an oxygen-poor environment. Preliminary results indicate that volatilization at 2100°C under atmospheric pressure caused little or no change in the percentage Na2O and K2O. The ratio
An assemblage of predominantly planktonic Foraminifera is discussed from rocks of Cenomanian age dredged from between 3,200 and 3,500 fm on the north slope of the Puerto Rico Trench. Thirty-three planktonic and benthonic species are described. Planomalina pulchella is new; nine species are specifically unidentifiable. Deposition is interpreted as having been at a depth of over 1,000 fm, possibly as deep as where found.
Through the use of the electrum-tarnish method the following equation has been found to interrelate the composition of pyrrhotite, fugacity of sulfur, and temperature: In this equation fs2 is the fugacity of sulfur relative to the ideal diatomic gas at 1 atm, N is the mol fraction of FeS in pyrrhotite (in the system FeS-S2), and T the absolute temperature. The experimental uncertainty in the equation is 0–003 in N. The activity of FeS (aFeS) in pyrrhotite relative to the pure substance at the temperature of consideration follows from the above equation by virtue of the Gibbs-Duhem relation; it is given by:
The electrum-tarnish method has permitted us to determine the fs2 vs. T curve for the univariant assemblage pyrrhotite-pyrite-vapor from 743 to 325°C. Our determinations of the composition of pyrrhotite are in excellent agreement with the results of Arnold. The activity of FeS in pyrite-saturated pyrrhotite is very different from unity, a fact that greatly influences the interpretation of some other phase equilibrium studies involving pyrrhotite and their application to sulfide mineral assemblages, but has little effect on the more general calculations of composition of hydrothermal or magmatic fluids.
Pressure effects calculated from available volumetric data on the phases are small.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(64)90083-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Toulmin, P., and Barton, P.B., 1964, A thermodynamic study of pyrite and pyrrhotite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 28, no. 5, p. 641-671, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(64)90083-3.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"671","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5fbe4b0c8380cd4709c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toulmin, P. III","contributorId":81244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toulmin","given":"P.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, P. B. Jr.","contributorId":23683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013660,"text":"1013660 - 1964 - Comparison of various methods of hemoglobin determination on catfish blood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T16:13:04.312016","indexId":"1013660","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of various methods of hemoglobin determination on catfish blood","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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During the next few years several specialists studied the cores, and their reports are published as consecutive parts of this bulletin.
\nWatson H. Monroe, who spent many years studying the Coastal Plain strata in Alabama and Mississippi, conceived and supervised the drilling and planned the later studies. His earlier published report (W. H. Monroe, 1955, Cores of pre-Selma Cretaceous rocks in the outcrop area in western Alabama: Gulf Coast Geol. Societies Trans., v. 5, p. 11-37) contains a brief description of the stratigraphy, together with logs and other information regarding the core holes, and he has provided the introductory chapter to this bulletin. Richard E. Bergenback studied the petrology of the cores, which included finding the distribution of grain sizes, determining the mineralogy of the grains and the matrix of the sediments, and having X-Ray identifications made of the clay minerals. Norman F. Sohl studied the mollusks and other large fossils obtained from the cores and compared them with other faunal suites collected in Alaban1a and Texas. Esther R. Applin studied the sparse microfauna, comparing it with faunas obtained from deep wells downdip in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi and with outcrop samples fron1 Texas, and has described a new species of Foraminifera. Estella B. Leopold and Helen M. Pakiser obtained a large pollen and spore assemblage by digesting carbonaceous layers of some of the cores in acid; this flora includes much new material, which is not described here.
\nThe Bergenback, Sohl, and Applin reports discuss the probable environment in which the sediments accumulated. Louis C. Conant, who spent several years studying and mapping these sediments, has written a summary chapter integrating some of the surface and subsurface information.
\nQuarter-cuts of the cores belonging to the U.S. National Museum have been deposited on indefinite loan with the Alabama Geological Survey at University, Ala., and with the Shell Oil Co. at Jackson, Miss. They are available there for inspection and study.
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