Constraining the magnitude of past hydrological change may improve understanding and predictions of future shifts in water availability. Here we demonstrate that water-table depth, a sensitive indicator of hydroclimate, can be quantitatively reconstructed using Kr and Xe isotopes in groundwater. We present the first-ever measurements of these dissolved noble gas isotopes in groundwater at high precision (≤0.005‰ amu−1; 1σ), which reveal depth-proportional signals set by gravitational settling in soil air at the time of recharge. Analyses of California groundwater successfully reproduce modern groundwater levels and indicate a 17.9 ± 1.3 m (±1 SE) decline in water-table depth in Southern California during the last deglaciation. This hydroclimatic transition from the wetter glacial period to more arid Holocene accompanies a surface warming of 6.2 ± 0.6 °C (±1 SE). This new hydroclimate proxy builds upon an existing paleo-temperature application of noble gases and may identify regions prone to future hydrological change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-019-13693-2","usgsCitation":"Seltzer, A.M., Ng, J., Danskin, W.R., Kulongoski, J.T., Gannon, R., Stute, M., and Severinghaus, J.P., 2019, Deglacial water-table decline in Southern California recorded by noble gas isotopes: Nature Communications, v. 10, 5739, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13693-2.","productDescription":"5739, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108743","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13693-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":391384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 32.56996256044998\n ],\n [\n -116.663818359375,\n 32.56996256044998\n ],\n [\n -116.663818359375,\n 32.99484290420988\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 32.99484290420988\n ],\n [\n -117.44384765625,\n 32.56996256044998\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seltzer, Alan M.","contributorId":192321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seltzer","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ng, Jessica","contributorId":268304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ng","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":173457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gannon, Riley 0000-0002-1239-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-1083","contributorId":205967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Riley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stute, Martin","contributorId":131127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stute","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7254,"text":"Columbia University - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Severinghaus, Jeffery P. 0000-0001-8883-3119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-3119","contributorId":268306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Severinghaus","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38264,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228351,"text":"70228351 - 2019 - Evaluation of Potential Translocation Sites for an Imperiled Cyprinid, theHornyhead Chub","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T23:58:16.272557","indexId":"70228351","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-15T17:52:09","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Potential Translocation Sites for an Imperiled Cyprinid, theHornyhead Chub","docAbstract":"Translocation of isolated species into suitable habitats may help secure vulnerable, geographically limited species. Due to the decline of Wyoming Hornyhead Chub Nocomis biguttatus, conservation actions such as translocation of populations within the plausible historical range are being considered to improve population redundancy and resiliency to disturbance events. Translocation of Wyoming Hornyhead Chub must be rigorously evaluated because a hatchery stock does not exist, so all fish used in translocations will come from the wild population. We present an approach to identify best available translocation sites prior to translocation efforts taking place. We evaluated fish community composition and habitat conditions at 54 potential translocation sites for Hornyhead Chub within 12 streams of the North Platte River Basin of Wyoming. We used two analyses to identify translocation sites most similar to currently occupied Hornyhead Chub sites on the Laramie River: hurdle models to predict hypothetical abundance of Hornyhead Chub at translocation sites and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) with fish community and habitat conditions. Presence and abundance of Hornyhead Chub was related to lack of nonnative predators and habitat features characteristic of backwater and velocity refuge habitats. We used a rank scoring system to weight the outcomes of each analysis and the highest ranking translocation sites occurred at a historical locality, the Sweetwater River. Our approach may be appropriate for other at-risk species with isolated distributions and little historical data.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10261","usgsCitation":"Hickerson, B.T., and Walters, A.W., 2019, Evaluation of Potential Translocation Sites for an Imperiled Cyprinid, theHornyhead Chub: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 39, p. 205-218, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10261.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"218","ipdsId":"IP-098524","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Laramie River, North Platte River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.38635253906249,\n 41.970722347928096\n ],\n [\n -104.54315185546875,\n 41.970722347928096\n ],\n [\n -104.54315185546875,\n 42.20817645934742\n ],\n [\n -105.38635253906249,\n 42.20817645934742\n ],\n [\n -105.38635253906249,\n 41.970722347928096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickerson, Brian T.","contributorId":275272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickerson","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209359,"text":"70209359 - 2019 - Direct measurements of copper speciation in basaltic glasses: Understanding the relative roles of sulfur and oxygen in copper complexation in melts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-03T14:44:31.515624","indexId":"70209359","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-15T16:21:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct measurements of copper speciation in basaltic glasses: Understanding the relative roles of sulfur and oxygen in copper complexation in melts","docAbstract":"Micro-analytical determination of copper (Cu) speciation in natural magmatic glasses, equilibrated below the nickel – nickel oxide (NNO) buffer, reveals that two copper species are commonly stabilized in such basaltic melts. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopic analysis of basaltic matrix glasses and melt inclusions (MI) from samples of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and from Nyamuragira, Etna and Kīlauea volcanoes show that both Cu(I)-sulfide and Cu(I)-oxide species are stabilized. The proportion of each species correlates with the measured sulfur (S) abundance of the glass. In glasses with S abundances greater than ~1000 ppm, Cu(I)-sulfide species are dominant, whereas in glasses with S abundances between 500 and 1000 ppm, both species are found to coexist. The Cu(I)-oxide species dominate at S concentrations below 500 ppm. In 1 atm S-free experimental glasses of basaltic composition that we analyzed, only Cu(I)-oxide species are detectable, regardless of the oxygen fugacity (fO2), even at relatively high fO2 values well above the NNO buffer. Our results demonstrate that XAFS techniques are highly sensitive in measuring Cu speciation in reduced (below NNO) basaltic glasses and that both oxide and sulfide complexes can be stabilized. The relative proportion of these two species is highly dependent on the concentration of S in the melt, and thus the Cu speciation in natural melts changes as S is lost from the melt by low pressure degassing.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.029","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Lanzirotti, A., Lee, R., Head, E., Sutton, S.R., Newville, M., McCanta, M., Lerner, A., and Wallace, P.J., 2019, Direct measurements of copper speciation in basaltic glasses: Understanding the relative roles of sulfur and oxygen in copper complexation in melts: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 267, p. 164-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.029.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-111569","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1693600","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Nyamuragira, Etna and Kīlauea volcanoes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3034210205078,\n 19.3869432241507\n ],\n [\n -155.22926330566406,\n 19.3869432241507\n ],\n [\n -155.22926330566406,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.3034210205078,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.3034210205078,\n 19.3869432241507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.19561767578125,\n 19.350667338738496\n ],\n [\n -155.11802673339844,\n 19.350667338738496\n ],\n [\n -155.11802673339844,\n 19.37657950943961\n ],\n [\n -155.19561767578125,\n 19.37657950943961\n ],\n [\n -155.19561767578125,\n 19.350667338738496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"267","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanzirotti, Antonio 0000-0002-7597-5924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-5924","contributorId":223780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanzirotti","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36705,"text":"University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R. Lopaka 0000-0002-6352-0340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-0340","contributorId":215133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R. Lopaka","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Head, Elisabet","contributorId":223781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Head","given":"Elisabet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40767,"text":"Northeastern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutton, Stephen R","contributorId":223782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":36705,"text":"University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newville, Matthew","contributorId":223783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newville","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36705,"text":"University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCanta, Molly","contributorId":223784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCanta","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lerner, Allan","contributorId":205264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lerner","given":"Allan","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wallace, Paul J.","contributorId":199700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70215096,"text":"70215096 - 2019 - Time to branch out? Application of hierarchical survival models in plant phenology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-08T11:54:37.37837","indexId":"70215096","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-15T14:38:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time to branch out? Application of hierarchical survival models in plant phenology","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of phenology to environmental drivers can vary across geography and species. As such, models developed to predict phenology are typically site- or taxon-specific. Generation of site- and taxon-specific models is limited by the intensive in-situ phenological monitoring effort required to generate sufficient data to parameterize each model. Where in-situ phenological observations exist, the data are often subject to analytical issues due to the limited duration of any individual monitoring program, spotty site- and species- level coverage, lack of standardized methodology, and infrequent or variable census intervals. Together, these characteristics constrain our ability to make phenological inferences outside of select sites and taxa where long-duration, intensive monitoring has occurred. In this study, we leveraged two national, standardized phenology datasets to develop a multi-species and multi-site state-space survival model of the onset of deciduous tree and shrub spring (leaf out) and fall (leaf-color) events across temperate ecoregions of the United States. We used data from two national-scale phenological databases, a 9-year, broadly distributed dataset from the USA National Phenology Network and a 4-year dataset from the National Ecological Observatory Network, to quantify regional and interspecific variation in sensitivity to environmental drivers for both spring and fall leaf phenophases. Spring leaf out was generally promoted by longer days, spring growing degree day accumulation, overwinter chilling, and was suppressed by frost events, whereas fall leaf color was promoted by shorter days and cold accumulation. The sensitivity to most environmental drivers tended to be more variable among species than among the regions as defined here (EPA ecoregions of North America, excluding desert and tropical areas). The results of this study lay the groundwork for incorporating the growing collection of phenological observations into a generalized framework for predicting the transition states for any species, in any location.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107694","usgsCitation":"Elmendorf, S., Crimmins, T., Gerst, K.L., and Weltzin, J., 2019, Time to branch out? Application of hierarchical survival models in plant phenology: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 279, 107694, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107694.","productDescription":"107694, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107695","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107694","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379194,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"279","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elmendorf, Sarah","contributorId":147651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elmendorf","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":16880,"text":"National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), 1685 38th St., Boulder, CO 80301, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa 0000-0001-9592-625X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9592-625X","contributorId":222414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40537,"text":"USA National Phenology Network, National Coordinating Office; University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerst, Katharine L.","contributorId":175227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerst","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27543,"text":"National Phenology Network, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":800829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake 0000-0001-8641-6645 jweltzin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-6645","contributorId":196323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake","email":"jweltzin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":800830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202009,"text":"70202009 - 2019 - Rare earth element deposits in China: A review and new understandings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T14:53:03.106507","indexId":"70202009","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-15T09:48:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Rare earth element deposits in China: A review and new understandings","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposits of China","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","usgsCitation":"Xie, Y., Verplanck, P., Hou, Z., and Zhong, R., 2019, Rare earth element deposits in China: A review and new understandings, chap. 12 of Mineral deposits of China, p. 509-552.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"552","ipdsId":"IP-090711","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xie, Yuling","contributorId":212812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Yuling","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33977,"text":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":212813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hou, Zengqian","contributorId":212814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hou","given":"Zengqian","affiliations":[{"id":38686,"text":"Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhong, Richen","contributorId":212815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhong","given":"Richen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38687,"text":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216009,"text":"70216009 - 2019 - High rates of inflation during a noneruptive episode of seismic unrest at Semisopochnoi Volcano, Alaska in 2014–2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T14:35:23.35128","indexId":"70216009","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-15T07:30:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High rates of inflation during a noneruptive episode of seismic unrest at Semisopochnoi Volcano, Alaska in 2014–2015","docAbstract":"Magma intrusion rate is a key parameter in eruption triggering but is poorly quantified in existing geodetic studies. Here we examine two episodes of rapid inflation in this context. Two noneruptive microseismic swarms were recorded at Semisopochnoi Volcano, Alaska in 2014–2015. We use differential SAR techniques and TerraSAR‐X images to document surface deformation from 2011 to 2015, which comprises island‐wide radial inflation totaling ~25 cm (+/−1 cm) line of sight displacement in 2014–2015. Multiple source geometries are tested in an inversion of the deformation data, and InSAR data are best fit by a spheroid trending to the northeast and plunging to the southeast, with a major axis of ~4 km and minor axes of ~1 km, directly under the central caldera of Semisopochnoi. In 2014, a modeled influx of 0.043 km3 of magma caused line of sight displacement of ~17 cm. This magma was stored at a depth of ~8 km, until 2015 when 0.029 km3 was added. Along with the definition of inflation source parameters, the recorded seismic events are relocated using differential travel times. These relocated events outline a linear aseismic area within a larger zone of shallow (<10 km) seismicity. This aseismic region aligns with the centroid of the deformation model. Based on these geodetic and seismic models, the plumbing system at Semisopochnoi is interpreted as a spheroidal magma storage zone at a depth of ˜8 km below a linear feature of partial melt. The observed deformation and seismicity appear to result from rapid injection into this main storage region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GC008720","usgsCitation":"Degrandpre, K., Pesicek, J.D., Lu, Z., DeShon, H.R., and Roman, D., 2019, High rates of inflation during a noneruptive episode of seismic unrest at Semisopochnoi Volcano, Alaska in 2014–2015: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 20, no. 12, p. 6163-6186, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008720.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"6163","endPage":"6186","ipdsId":"IP-098799","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Semisopochnoi Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.47265625,\n 51.839171715043946\n ],\n [\n 179.77203369140625,\n 51.839171715043946\n ],\n [\n 179.77203369140625,\n 52.04742324502936\n ],\n [\n 179.47265625,\n 52.04742324502936\n ],\n [\n 179.47265625,\n 51.839171715043946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Degrandpre, Kimberly","contributorId":244311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degrandpre","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":20301,"text":"SMU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pesicek, Jeremy D. 0000-0001-7964-5845","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5845","contributorId":202042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesicek","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":803747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhong","contributorId":199794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeShon, Heather R.","contributorId":244313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeShon","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":20301,"text":"SMU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":803777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215201,"text":"70215201 - 2019 - Geometric targets for UAS Lidar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-13T22:43:27.669449","indexId":"70215201","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-14T11:14:56","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometric targets for UAS Lidar","docAbstract":"Lidar from small unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) is a viable method for collecting geospatial data associated with a wide variety of applications. Point clouds from UAS lidar require a means for accuracy assessment, calibration, and adjustment. In order to carry out these procedures, specific locations within the point cloud must be precisely found. To do this, artificial targets may be used for rural settings, or anywhere there is a lack of identifiable and measurable features in the scene. This paper presents the design of lidar targets for precise location based on geometric structure. The targets and associated mensuration algorithm were tested in two scenarios to investigate their performance under different point densities, and different levels of algorithmic rigor. The results show that the targets can be accurately located within point clouds from typical scanning parameters to <2 cm
The development of mercury (Hg) stable isotope measurements has enhanced the study of Hg sources and transformations in the environment. As a result of the mixing of inorganic Hg (iHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) species within organisms of the aquatic food web, understanding species-specific Hg stable isotopic compositions is of significant importance. The lack of MeHg isotope measurements is due to the analytical difficulty in the separation of the MeHg from the total Hg pool, with only a few methods having been tested over the past decade with varying degrees of success, and only a handful of environmentally relevant measurements. Here, we present a novel anion-exchange resin separation method using AG 1-X4 that further isolates MeHg from the sample matrix, following a distillation pretreatment, in order to obtain ambient MeHg stable isotopic compositions. This method avoids the use of organic reagents, does not require complex instrumentation, and is applicable across matrices. Separation tests across sediment, water, and biotic matrices showed acceptable recoveries (98 ± 5%, n = 54) and reproducible δ202Hg isotope results (2 SDs ≤ 0.15‰) down to 5 ng of MeHg. The measured MeHg pools in natural matrices, such as plankton and sediments, showed large deviations from the non-speciated total Hg measurement, indicating that there is an important isotopic shift during methylation that is not recorded by typical measurements, but is vital in order to assess sources of Hg during bioaccumulation.
Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Worldwide, human activities have modified hydrology and nutrient loading regimes in coastal wetlands. Understanding the interplay between these drivers and subsequent response of wetland plant communities is essential to informing wetland management and restoration efforts. Recent restoration strategies in Louisiana proposes to use sediment diversions from the Mississippi River to build land in adjacent wetlands and reduce the rate of land to open water conversion. In conjunction with sediment delivery, diversions can increase nutrient loads and water levels in the receiving basins. We conducted a greenhouse mesocosm experiment in which we exposed three common tidal freshwater and brackish marsh plants (Panicum hemitomon, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Spartina patens) to two nitrate loading rates [high (35 g N m2 year−1) and low (0.25 g N m2 year−1)], and two flooding treatments (with and without diversion pulsing). Experimental units were set at two different elevations within the treatment tanks to simulate both a healthy and degraded marsh. Plant growth metrics and soil physicochemical properties were measured monthly. Final total biomass was determined at the study’s conclusion. Growth responses differed between species but were not significantly influenced by the treatments. Soil redox potential decreased significantly following the increase in flooding associated with the diversion pulse, but recovered to pre-diversion levels after a 3-month recovery period. Our study suggests short flooding pulses with a recovery period may be key for maintaining healthy marshes, however there remains a need for longer-term empirical studies to understand marsh response to pressures associated with river sediment diversions over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11273-019-09699-8","usgsCitation":"McCoy, M.M., Sloey, T.M., Howard, R.J., and Hester, M.W., 2019, Response of tidal marsh vegetation to pulsed increases in flooding and nitrogen: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 28, p. 119-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-019-09699-8.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-106945","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Lake Salvador Wildlife Management Area ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 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M","contributorId":149516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sloey","given":"Taylor","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":17763,"text":"University of Louisiana, Lafayette","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, Mark 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative","usgsCitation":"Herman-Mercer, N.M., and Loehman, R.A., 2019, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Berry Outlook: Final Report, v, 46 p.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098985","costCenters":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":423504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ca655d1e4b0c3b0064c2703"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.41101641468245,\n 64.14447313670226\n ],\n [\n -167.41101641468245,\n 59.43905568894709\n ],\n [\n -157.8962443697305,\n 59.43905568894709\n ],\n [\n -157.8962443697305,\n 64.14447313670226\n ],\n [\n -167.41101641468245,\n 64.14447313670226\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman-Mercer, Nicole M. 0000-0001-5933-4978 nhmercer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-4978","contributorId":3927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman-Mercer","given":"Nicole","email":"nhmercer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":890134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":890135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207510,"text":"70207510 - 2019 - Developing and optimizing shrub parameters representing sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Northern Great Basin using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:03:15","indexId":"70207510","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-12T14:00:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1818,"text":"Geoscientific Model Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing and optimizing shrub parameters representing sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Northern Great Basin using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model","docAbstract":"Ecosystem dynamic models are useful for understanding ecosystem characteristics over time and space because of their efficiency over direct field measurements and applicability to broad spatial extents. Their application, however, is challenging due to internal model uncertainties and complexities arising from distinct qualities of the ecosystems being analyzed. The sagebrush-steppe in western North America, for example, has substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as variability due to anthropogenic disturbance, invasive species, climate change, and altered fire regimes, which collectively make modelling dynamic ecosystem processes difficult. Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) is a robust ecosystem dynamic model, initially developed for tropical forests, that simulates energy, water, and carbon fluxes at fine scales. Although EDv2.2 has since been tested on different ecosystems via development of different Plant Function Types (PFT), it still lacks a shrub PFT. In this study, we developed and parameterized a shrub PFT representative of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in order to initialize and test it within EDv2.2, and to promote future broad-scale analysis of restoration activities, climate change, and fire regimes in the sagebrush-steppe. Specifically, we parameterized the sagebrush PFT within EDv2.2 to estimate gross primary production (GPP), using data from two sagebrush study sites in the northern Great Basin. To accomplish this, we employed a three-tier approach: 1) To initially parameterize the sagebrush PFT, we fitted allometric relationships for sagebrush using field-collected data, information from existing sagebrush literature, and parameters from other land models. 2) To determine influential parameters in GPP prediction, we used a sensitivity analysis to identify the five most sensitive parameters. 3) To improve model performance and validate results, we optimized these five parameters using an exhaustive search method to estimate GPP, and compared results with observations from two Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in the study area. Our modeled results were encouraging, with reasonable fidelity to observed values, although some negative biases (i.e., seasonal underestimates of GPP) were apparent.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/gmd-12-4585-2019","usgsCitation":"Pandit, K., Dasthi, H., Glenn, N., Flores, A., Maguire, K.C., Shinneman, D.J., Flerchinger, G., and Fellow, A., 2019, Developing and optimizing shrub parameters representing sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems in the Northern Great Basin using the Ecosystem Demography (EDv2.2) model: Geoscientific Model Development, v. 12, p. 4585-4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4585-2019.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"4585","endPage":"4601","ipdsId":"IP-102648","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4585-2019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -118.16894531249999,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -112.2802734375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -109.248046875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -115.6201171875,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -122.56347656249999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandit, Karun","contributorId":221464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandit","given":"Karun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dasthi, Hamid","contributorId":221465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dasthi","given":"Hamid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Nancy","contributorId":181558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Nancy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flores, Alejandro","contributorId":221466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flores","given":"Alejandro","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maguire, Kaitlin C. 0000-0001-8193-2384","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8193-2384","contributorId":203419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"Kaitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flerchinger, Gerald","contributorId":221467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flerchinger","given":"Gerald","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fellow, Aaron","contributorId":221468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellow","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37009,"text":"USDA Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70210612,"text":"70210612 - 2019 - Generation of lamprey monoclonal antibodies (Lampribodies) using the phage display system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-12T17:22:56.373722","indexId":"70210612","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-12T12:19:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5966,"text":"Biomolecules","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of lamprey monoclonal antibodies (Lampribodies) using the phage display system","docAbstract":"The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) consist of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) and comprise the humoral antibodies produced by lampreys and hagfishes. The diversity of the molecules is generated by stepwise genomic rearrangements of LRR cassettes dispersed throughout the VLRB locus. Previously, target-specific monovalent VLRB antibodies were isolated from sea lamprey larvae after immunization with model antigens. Further, the cloned VLR cDNAs from activated lamprey leukocytes were transfected into human cell lines or yeast to select best binders. Here, we expand on the overall utility of the VLRB technology by introducing it into a filamentous phage display system. We first tested the efficacy of isolating phage into which known VLRB molecules were cloned after a series of dilutions. These experiments showed that targeted VLRB clones could easily be recovered even after extensive dilutions (1 to 109). We further utilized the system to isolate target-specific “lampribodies” from phage display libraries from immunized animals and observed an amplification of binders with relative high affinities by competitive binding. The lampribodies can be individually purified and ostensibly utilized for applications for which conventional monoclonal antibodies are employed.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/biom9120868","usgsCitation":"Hassan, K.M., Hansen, J.D., Herrin, B.R., and Amemiya, C.T., 2019, Generation of lamprey monoclonal antibodies (Lampribodies) using the phage display system: Biomolecules, v. 9, no. 12, 868, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120868.","productDescription":"868, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107248","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120868","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":375562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hassan, Khan M A","contributorId":225255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassan","given":"Khan","email":"","middleInitial":"M A","affiliations":[{"id":41083,"text":"University of California-Merced, Molecular Cell Biology, Merced CA 95343","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, John D. 0000-0002-3006-2734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-2734","contributorId":220725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrin, Brantley R","contributorId":225256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrin","given":"Brantley","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":41084,"text":"Emory University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amemiya, Chris T","contributorId":225257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amemiya","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":41083,"text":"University of California-Merced, Molecular Cell Biology, Merced CA 95343","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211501,"text":"70211501 - 2019 - Improved genetic identification of acipenseriform embryos with application to the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T14:47:44.047032","indexId":"70211501","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-12T09:46:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Improved genetic identification of acipenseriform embryos with application to the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus","title":"Improved genetic identification of acipenseriform embryos with application to the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus","docAbstract":"We produced pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus embryos at five pre‐hatch developmental stages and isolated and quantified genomic DNA from four of the stages using four commercial DNA isolation kits. Genomic DNA prepared using the kit that produced the largest yields and concentrations were used for microsatellite DNA analyses of 10–20 embryos at each of the five developmental stages. We attempted to genotype the hatchery‐produced embryos at 19 microsatellite loci and confirmed reliable genotyping by comparing the microsatellite genotypes to those of known parents. Embryos at stages 5 and 8 did not produce reliable genotyping while those at stages 14, 24 and 33 did. We used the same DNA isolation method on 262 wild‐caught acipenseriform embryos collected from the lower Yellowstone River. A total of 200 of the wild embryos were successfully identified to stages 8 to 34 and the rest could not be staged. Using a combination of single nucleotide polymorphism and microsatellite markers, 249 of the wild‐caught embryos were genetically identified as paddlefish Polyodon spathula , five were identified as shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and eight failed to amplify. None were identified as pallid sturgeon. This study demonstrates that early‐stage wild‐spawned acipenseriform embryos can be genetically identified less than 24 h post‐spawn. This methodology will be useful for recovery efforts for endangered pallid sturgeon and can be applied to other acipenseriform species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.14230","usgsCitation":"Kashiwagi, T., Delonay, A.J., Braaten, P., Chojnacki, K., Gocker, R.M., and Heist, E.J., 2019, Improved genetic identification of acipenseriform embryos with application to the endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 96, no. 2, p. 486-495, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14230.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"495","ipdsId":"IP-111396","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kashiwagi, Tom","contributorId":236836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kashiwagi","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47549,"text":"Center for Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braaten, Patrick 0000-0003-3362-420X pbraaten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-420X","contributorId":152682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"Patrick","email":"pbraaten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chojnacki, Kimberly 0000-0001-6091-3977 kchojnacki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-3977","contributorId":221080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Kimberly","email":"kchojnacki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gocker, Rachel M.","contributorId":236837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gocker","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":47549,"text":"Center for Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heist, Edward J.","contributorId":221082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heist","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40317,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208062,"text":"70208062 - 2019 - High-resolution and accurate topography reconstruction of Mount Etna from Pleiades satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-29T16:34:42","indexId":"70208062","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-12T07:32:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution and accurate topography reconstruction of Mount Etna from Pleiades satellite data","docAbstract":"The areas characterized by dynamic and rapid morphological changes need accurate topography information with frequent updates, especially if these are populated and involve infrastructures. This is particularly true in active volcanic areas such as Mount (Mt.) Etna, located in the northeastern portion of Sicily, Italy. The Mt. Etna volcano is periodically characterized by explosive and effusive eruptions and represents a potential hazard for several thousands of local people and hundreds of tourists present on the volcano itself. In this work, a high-resolution, high vertical accuracy digital surface model (DSM) of Mt. Etna was derived from Pleiades satellite data using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP) tool set. We believe that this is the first time that the ASP using Pleiades imagery has been applied to Mt. Etna with sub-meter vertical root mean square error (RMSE) results. The model covers an area of about 400 km2 with a spatial resolution of 2 m and centers on the summit portion of the volcano. The model was validated by using a set of reference ground control points (GCP) obtaining a vertical RMSE of 0.78 m. The described procedure provides an avenue to obtain DSMs at high spatial resolution and elevation accuracy in a relatively short amount of processing time, making the procedure itself suitable to reproduce topographies often indispensable during the emergency management case of volcanic eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs11242983","usgsCitation":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Bisson, M., Spinetti, C., Buongiorno, M.F., Alexandrov, O., and Cecere, T., 2019, High-resolution and accurate topography reconstruction of Mount Etna from Pleiades satellite data: Remote Sensing, v. 11, no. 24, 2983, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242983.","productDescription":"2983, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112349","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IGLDYE","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital Surface Model of Mt. Etna, Italy, derived from 2015 Pleiades Satellite Imagery"},{"id":371637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Mount Etna","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.84733581542969,\n 37.62238973852369\n ],\n [\n 15.128173828125,\n 37.62238973852369\n ],\n [\n 15.128173828125,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n 14.84733581542969,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n 14.84733581542969,\n 37.62238973852369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118 mpal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":3639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"Monica","email":"mpal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bisson, Marina 0000-0002-7104-9210","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-9210","contributorId":221724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bisson","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40408,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, via Della Faggiola, Pisa, 56126, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spinetti, Claudia 0000-0002-1861-5666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-5666","contributorId":221725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spinetti","given":"Claudia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40409,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione ONT, via di Vigna Murata, Roma, 00143, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia 0000-0002-6095-6974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-6974","contributorId":221726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buongiorno","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"Fabrizia","affiliations":[{"id":40409,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione ONT, via di Vigna Murata, Roma, 00143, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alexandrov, Oleg","contributorId":167662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexandrov","given":"Oleg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cecere, Thomas 0000-0001-5254-8404 tcecere@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-8404","contributorId":221727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecere","given":"Thomas","email":"tcecere@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208616,"text":"70208616 - 2019 - Earthquakes, ShakeMap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T06:58:05","indexId":"70208616","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-12T06:57:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Earthquakes, ShakeMap","docAbstract":"ShakeMap® is an open-source software program employed to automatically produce a suite of maps and products that portray the geographical extent and severity of potentially damaging shaking following an earthquake. ShakeMap’s primary purpose is to provide post-earthquake situational awareness for emergency management and response as well as damage and loss estimation. The availability of ShakeMaps immediately after a significant earthquake is critical for the identification of areas likely to be most damaged. Principal users include first responders, utility companies, response and aid agencies, scientists and engineers, and the media. Maps are made publicly available via the Internet within several minutes of an earthquake’s occurrence. ShakeMap is widely deployed in seismically active, well-instrumented portions of the USA and internationally in numerous countries including Italy, Iceland, Greece, Costa Rica, and Switzerland, among others, and the US...
A recent geological record of inundation by tsunamis or storm surges is evidenced by deposits found within the first few meters of the modern surface at five wetlands on the northern California coast. The study sites include three locations in the Crescent City area (Marhoffer Creek marsh, Elk Creek wetland, and Sand Mine marsh), O’rekw marsh in the lower Redwood Creek alluvial valley, and Pillar Point marsh at the northern end of Half Moon Bay.
Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are among the most impactful herbivores in the eastern United States. Legacy forest effects, those accrued from intense herbivory over time, manifest as low seedling regeneration, high cover of plant species that are infrequently browsed by deer, presence or expansion of nonnative or invasive plant species, few herbaceous species, and diminished capacity for recovery. Interfering vegetation (that is, species that increase in cover and density due to avoidance by deer, such as American beech sprouts, Pennsylvania sedge, and hay-scented fern) increase competition for light and hinder recruitment of trees into the forest canopy.
The lower Hudson Valley in New York has been heavily browsed by white-tailed deer since the early 20th century. The region has some of the lowest tree regeneration rates in New York State as a result of deer browsing and subsequent increases in interfering vegetation. The U.S. Geological Survey and the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry studied sites where deer hunting is permitted (case sites) and nearby sites where hunting is currently prohibited (control sites) to assess and identify forest structure and composition differences.
Instead of using deer exclosures, which are time-consuming and expensive to install and maintain, we used a case-control study because such studies are well-suited to effects with long latency and rare outcomes. Case-control studies seek to describe the relation between an outcome of interest (in this study, forest understory recovery from chronic herbivory) and forest condition. We inferred recovery by comparing these characteristics on adjacent sites in the lower Hudson Valley with similar forest communities and land uses but different deer population management histories. Case plots were on lands where deer management has taken place annually for several decades. Control plots were on lands where deer populations have not been consistently managed to lowered abundance. We accounted for differences in forest recovery not attributable to deer by first matching case and control plots along several important environmental gradients (slope, aspect, elevation, moisture, canopy openness). By controlling for these gradients, we looked for associations between measured forest conditions and deer herbivory reduction through population management.
We surveyed more than 200 plots in upland forest types across case and control sites where we assessed forest condition by estimating density (number per unit area) and composition and cover (percent) of important vegetation constituents in ground, shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers of the forest. We recorded 37 tree species, 22 shrub species, 57 herbaceous species, and 19 species of grasses and sedges in our plot surveys, including a number of nonnative and invasive plants. We also estimated the ages of a number of common canopy trees by counting rings from cores extracted from individual stems.
Effects of more than 100 years of chronic deer browsing manifested in low herbaceous ground cover and little to no tree recruitment (saplings) on lands without deer management. In contrast, sustained deer management resulted in forests with conditions that indicated substantial recovery from chronic herbivory in the ground, shrub, and subcanopy layers. Sites with ongoing deer management exhibited greater ground cover of tree seedlings and herbs and less ground cover of interfering vegetation and nonnative species. The well-developed sub-canopy layer of small trees, saplings, and tall shrubs on sites with deer management indicates a high potential for sapling recruitment to the canopy of the future forest.
Of the 25 subcanopy trees sampled on control sites, most were more than 100 years old, indicating little to no regeneration in areas sampled for more than 100 years. The forest canopy, a relic of land uses of bygone days, requires a source of young trees to replace itself as older trees die. Without an abundant layer of young trees in the subcanopy, a forest cannot be sustained over time. Reduction in deer herbivory promotes forest recovery and could benefit Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks (the control sites for the study), but removal of interfering vegetation may be necessary to mitigate legacy effects where they currently hinder ground layer recovery. To successfully promote a more desirable forest condition that includes elimination of nonnative plant species, promotion of tree recruitment into the forest canopy, and development of diverse and abundant herbaceous cover in ground layer vegetation, future management decisions could include information on herbivory reduction and management of interfering vegetation where necessary.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation","usgsCitation":"Kilheffer, C.R., Underwood, H.B., Leopold, D.J., and Guerrieri, R., 2019, Evaluating legacy effects of hyperabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in forested stands of Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1116, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191116.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 35 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111113","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/3ZFKFS","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"- Data for evaluation of effects of white-tailed deer at Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks, New York"},{"id":370098,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1116/ofr20191116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1116"},{"id":369982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1116/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Harriman, Bear Mountain State Parks","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.9525,41.59],[-73.9526,41.5841],[-73.9578,41.5751],[-73.9685,41.562],[-73.9866,41.5472],[-73.9948,41.5374],[-73.9975,41.526],[-73.9985,41.4788],[-74.0002,41.4543],[-73.9997,41.4498],[-73.9955,41.4475],[-73.9869,41.4451],[-73.9828,41.4401],[-73.9703,41.4222],[-73.9643,41.4135],[-73.9573,41.4016],[-73.9495,41.3947],[-73.9507,41.3916],[-73.9546,41.3834],[-73.9586,41.3699],[-73.9621,41.3472],[-73.9653,41.3432],[-73.9696,41.3391],[-73.9765,41.3338],[-73.9821,41.3279],[-73.9834,41.3248],[-73.9829,41.3212],[-73.971,41.306],[-73.9601,41.2982],[-73.9474,41.2921],[-73.9444,41.2907],[-73.9439,41.288],[-73.9476,41.2853],[-73.9638,41.271],[-73.9694,41.2652],[-73.9726,41.2616],[-73.9732,41.2584],[-73.9739,41.2552],[-73.9722,41.2511],[-73.9668,41.247],[-73.959,41.2378],[-73.9334,41.2057],[-73.9222,41.1888],[-73.9104,41.1705],[-73.8922,41.1417],[-73.8905,41.1321],[-73.892,41.0968],[-73.892,41.0677],[-73.8899,41.0523],[-73.8936,40.9965],[-73.9015,40.9976],[-73.9057,40.9994],[-73.9841,41.0339],[-74.0005,41.0409],[-74.0246,41.0521],[-74.1533,41.1098],[-74.2129,41.1344],[-74.2253,41.1395],[-74.2338,41.1431],[-74.3179,41.1791],[-74.3259,41.1823],[-74.3343,41.1864],[-74.3677,41.2033],[-74.3831,41.2111],[-74.4101,41.2248],[-74.5363,41.284],[-74.605,41.3152],[-74.6492,41.3359],[-74.6955,41.3576],[-74.6913,41.3598],[-74.6901,41.3621],[-74.69,41.3639],[-74.6912,41.3662],[-74.6934,41.3683],[-74.6938,41.3688],[-74.6962,41.3713],[-74.6985,41.373],[-74.7011,41.3753],[-74.7064,41.3803],[-74.7105,41.3842],[-74.7126,41.3866],[-74.7137,41.389],[-74.7154,41.3917],[-74.7175,41.3929],[-74.7205,41.3947],[-74.7247,41.3958],[-74.7278,41.3963],[-74.732,41.3973],[-74.7349,41.3987],[-74.7376,41.4003],[-74.7392,41.4025],[-74.7409,41.4066],[-74.7421,41.4094],[-74.7419,41.4103],[-74.7415,41.4123],[-74.7412,41.4145],[-74.7405,41.4166],[-74.7391,41.4197],[-74.7384,41.4229],[-74.7376,41.4261],[-74.7389,41.4286],[-74.7408,41.4298],[-74.7438,41.4305],[-74.7461,41.4303],[-74.7487,41.4287],[-74.7506,41.4274],[-74.7523,41.4328],[-74.7535,41.4373],[-74.7559,41.4401],[-74.7589,41.4451],[-74.7601,41.4501],[-74.7588,41.4573],[-74.7557,41.4614],[-74.7514,41.4659],[-74.7513,41.4686],[-74.7537,41.4741],[-74.7579,41.4814],[-74.7597,41.4868],[-74.7591,41.4896],[-74.756,41.4923],[-74.7541,41.4945],[-74.5928,41.4989],[-74.4781,41.5031],[-74.4743,41.5085],[-74.4688,41.5139],[-74.4668,41.522],[-74.4599,41.5302],[-74.4488,41.5364],[-74.4469,41.5423],[-74.4338,41.5545],[-74.4276,41.5589],[-74.4201,41.5666],[-74.4084,41.5724],[-74.3985,41.5778],[-74.3941,41.5809],[-74.3867,41.5854],[-74.3749,41.5889],[-74.3675,41.5916],[-74.3583,41.5938],[-74.3521,41.5982],[-74.3404,41.5954],[-74.3187,41.6084],[-74.3156,41.6115],[-74.2989,41.6182],[-74.281,41.6257],[-74.2754,41.6284],[-74.2667,41.6324],[-74.2606,41.6337],[-74.2502,41.6291],[-74.25,41.6059],[-74.2458,41.6036],[-74.1907,41.5913],[-74.187,41.5908],[-74.1858,41.5944],[-74.1282,41.5833],[-74.1325,41.6152],[-74.1246,41.6133],[-74.0983,41.6089],[-74.0886,41.5988],[-74.0677,41.604],[-74.0575,41.5926],[-74.0521,41.5816],[-73.9999,41.5855],[-73.9525,41.59]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Orange\",\"state\":\"NY\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
The location of a point on the landscape within a stream network (hydrologic position) can be an important predictive measure in hydrology. Hydrologic position is defined here by two metrics: lateral position and distance from stream to divide, both measured horizontally. Lateral position (dimensionless) is the relative position of a point between the stream and its watershed divide. Distance from stream to divide (units of length) is an indicator of position within a watershed: generally small near a confluence and generally large in headwater areas. Watersheds and watershed divides are defined here by Thiessen polygons rather than topographic divides. Lateral position and distance from stream to divide are also defined in the context of hydrologic order. Hydrologic order “n” is defined as the network of streams, and associated divides, of order n and higher. And given that a point can have different positions in different hydrologic orders the term multiorder hydrologic position (MOHP) is used to describe the ensemble of hydrologic positions. MOHP was mapped across the conterminous United States for nine hydrologic orders at a spatial resolution of 30 m (about 8.7 billion pixels). There are 18 metrics for each pixel. Four case studies are presented that use MOHP metrics as explanatory factors in random forest machine learning models. The case studies show that lower order MOHP metrics can serve as indicators of hydrologic process while higher‐order metrics serve as indicators of location. MOHP is shown to have utility as a predictor variable across a large range of scales (50,000 to 8,000,000 km2).
Glass composition-based correlations of volcanic ash (tephra) traditionally rely on extensive manual plotting. Many previous statistical methods for testing correlations are limited by using geochemical means, masking diagnostic variability. We suggest that machine learning classifiers can expedite correlation, quickly narrowing the list of likely candidates using well-trained models. Eruptives from Alaska's Aleutian Arc-Alaska Peninsula and Wrangell volcanic field were used as a test environment for 11 supervised classification algorithms, trained on nearly 2000 electron probe microanalysis measurements of glass major oxides, representing 10 volcanic sources. Artificial neural networks and random forests were consistently among the top-performing learners (accuracy and kappa > 0.96). Their combination as an average ensemble effectively improves their performance. Using this combined model on tephras from Eklutna Lake, south-central Alaska, showed that predictions match traditional methods and can speed correlation. Although classifiers are useful tools, they should aid expert analysis, not replace it. The Eklutna Lake tephras are mostly from Redoubt Volcano. Besides tephras from known Holocene-active sources, Holocene tephra geochemically consistent with Pleistocene Emmons Lake Volcanic Center (Dawson tephra), but from a yet unknown source, is evident. These tephras are mostly anchored by a highly resolved varved chronology and represent new important regional stratigraphic markers.