Heavy persistent rains from late February through March 2010 caused severe widespread flooding in Rhode Island that set or nearly set record flows and water levels at many long-term streamgages in the State. In response, the U.S. Geological Survey, in partnership with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, conducted a study to update estimates of flood magnitudes at streamgages and regional equations for estimating flood flows at ungaged locations. This report provides information needed for flood plain management, transportation infrastructure design, flood insurance studies, and other purposes that can help minimize future flood damages and risks. The magnitudes of floods were determined from the annual peak flows at 43 streamgages in Rhode Island (20 sites), Connecticut (14 sites), and Massachusetts (9 sites) using the standard Bulletin 17B log-Pearson type III method and a modification of this method called the expected moments algorithm (EMA) for 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (AEP) floods. Annual-peak flows were analyzed for the period of record through the 2010 water year; however, records were extended at 23 streamgages using the maintenance of variance extension (MOVE) procedure to best represent the longest period possible for determining the generalized skew and flood magnitudes. Generalized least square regression equations were developed from the flood quantiles computed at 41 streamgages (2 streamgages in Rhode Island with reported flood quantiles were not used in the regional regression because of regulation or redundancy) and their respective basin characteristics to estimate magnitude of floods at ungaged sites. Of 55 basin characteristics evaluated as potential explanatory variables, 3 were statistically significant—drainage area, stream density, and basin storage. The pseudo-coefficient of determination (pseudo-R2) indicates these three explanatory variables explain 95 to 96 percent of the variance in the flood magnitudes from 20- to 0.2-percent AEPs. Estimates of uncertainty of the at-site and regression flood magnitudes are provided and were combined with their respective estimated flood quantiles to improve estimates of flood flows at streamgages. This region has a long history of urban development, which is considered to have an important effect on flood flows. This study includes basins that have an impervious area ranging from 0.5 to 37 percent. Although imperviousness provided some explanatory power in the regression, it was not statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level for any of the AEPs examined. Influence of urbanization on flood flows indicates a complex interaction with other characteristics that confounds a statistical explanation of its effects. Standard methods for calculating magnitude of floods for given AEP are based on the assumption of stationarity, that is, the annual peak flows exhibit no significant trend over time. A subset of 16 streamgages with 70 or more years of unregulated systematic record indicates all but 4 streamgages have a statistically significant positive trend at the 95-percent confidence level; three of these are statistically significant at about the 90-percent confidence level or above. If the trend continues linearly in time, the estimated magnitude of floods for any AEP, on average, will increase by 6, 13, and 21 percent in 10, 20, and 30 years' time, respectively. In 2010, new peaks of record were set at 18 of the 21 active streamgages in Rhode Island. The updated flood frequency analysis indicates the peaks at these streamgages ranged from 2- to 0.2-percent AEP. Many streamgages in the State peaked at a 0.5- and 0.2-percent AEP, except for streamgages in the Blackstone River Basin, which peaked from a 4- to 2-percent AEP.
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Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5020","title":"Analysis of streamflow-gaging network for monitoring stormwater in small streams in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The streamflow-gaging network in the Puget Sound basin was analyzed for its capacity to monitor stormwater in small streams. The analysis consisted of an inventory of active and inactive gages and an evaluation of the coverage and resolution of the gaging network with an emphasis on lowland areas. The active gaging network covers much of the Puget Lowland largely by gages located at sites on larger streams and rivers. Assessments of stormwater impacts and management will likely require streamflow information with higher spatial resolution than provided by the current gaging network. Monitoring that emphasizes small streams in combination with approaches for estimating streamflow at ungaged sites provides an alternative to expanding the current gaging network that can improve the spatial resolution of streamflow information in the region. The highest priority gaps in the gaging network are low elevation basins close to the Puget Sound shoreline and sites that share less than 10 percent of the drainage area of an active gage. Although small, lowland sites with long records of streamflow are particularly valuable to maintain in the region, other criteria for prioritizing sites in the gaging network should be based on the specific questions that stormwater managers need to answer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., and Voss, F.D., 2012, Analysis of streamflow-gaging network for monitoring stormwater in small streams in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5020, iv, 16 p.; CSV Download of Table 1; PDF Downloads of Figures 2 and 6, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125020.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.; CSV Download of Table 1; PDF Downloads of Figures 2 and 6","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5020.jpg"},{"id":257875,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb35e4b0c8380cd48cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Frank D. fdvoss@usgs.gov","contributorId":1651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Frank","email":"fdvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004058,"text":"70004058 - 2012 - Rotenone persistence model for montane streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-26T01:01:35","indexId":"70004058","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rotenone persistence model for montane streams","docAbstract":"The efficient and effective use of rotenone is hindered by its unknown persistence in streams. Environmental conditions degrade rotenone, but current label instructions suggest fortifying the chemical along a stream based on linear distance or travel time rather than environmental conditions. Our objective was to develop models that use measurements of environmental conditions to predict rotenone persistence in streams. Detailed measurements of ultraviolet radiation, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), substrate composition, amount of organic matter, channel slope, and travel time were made along stream segments located between rotenone treatment stations and cages containing bioassay fish in six streams. The amount of fine organic matter, biofilm, sand, gravel, cobble, rubble, small boulders, slope, pH, TDS, ORP, light reaching the stream, energy dissipated, discharge, and cumulative travel time were each significantly correlated with fish death. By using logistic regression, measurements of environmental conditions were paired with the responses of bioassay fish to develop a model that predicted the persistence of rotenone toxicity in streams. This model was validated with data from two additional stream treatment reaches. Rotenone persistence was predicted by a model that used travel time, rubble, and ORP. When this model predicts a probability of less than 0.95, those who apply rotenone can expect incomplete eradication and should plan on fortifying rotenone concentrations. The significance of travel time has been previously identified and is currently used to predict rotenone persistence. However, rubble substrate, which may be associated with the degradation of rotenone by adsorption and volatilization in turbulent environments, was not previously considered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadephia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.670186","usgsCitation":"Brown, P., and Zale, A.V., 2012, Rotenone persistence model for montane streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 2, p. 560-569, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.670186.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"569","costCenters":[{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257872,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.670186","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"141","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae9fe4b0c8380cd87135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Peter J.","contributorId":63661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038825,"text":"sim3189 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, Atlanta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T12:38:52","indexId":"sim3189","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3189","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, Atlanta, Georgia","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5.5-mile reach of the Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Atlanta, Georgia. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Peachtree Creek at Atlanta, Georgia (02336300) and the USGS streamgage at Chattahoochee River at Georgia 280, near Atlanta, Georgia (02336490). Current water level (stage) at these USGS streamgages may be obtained at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ and can be used in conjunction with these maps to estimate near real-time areas of inundation. The National Weather Service (NWS) is incorporating results from this study into the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that commonly are collocated at USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information for the USGS streamgage at Peachtree Creek, which is available through the AHPS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. A one-dimensional step-backwater model was developed using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC–RAS software for a 6.5-mile reach of Peachtree Creek and was used to compute flood profiles for a 5.5-mile reach of the creek. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Peachtree Creek at Atlanta, Georgia, streamgage (02336300), and the Chattahoochee River at Georgia 280, near Atlanta, Georgia, streamgage (02336490) as well as high water marks collected during the 2010 annual peak flow event. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 50 water-surface profiles. The profiles are for 10 flood stages at the Peachtree Creek streamgage at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from just above bankfull stage (15.0 feet) to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage (24.0 feet). At each stage on Peachtree Creek, five stages at the Chattahoochee River streamgage, from 26.4 feet to 38.4 feet in 3-foot intervals, were used to determine backwater effects. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model—derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.3-foot vertical and 16.4-foot horizontal resolution—to delineate the area flooded for each 1-foot increment of stream stage. The availability of these maps, when combined with real-time information regarding current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures as well as for postflood-recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Atlanta, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3189, v [vi], 9 p.; PDF and JPG Downloads of Sheets 1-50: 35.00 x 24.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3189.","productDescription":"v [vi], 9 p.; PDF and JPG Downloads of Sheets 1-50: 35.00 x 24.00 inches; Downloads Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3189.png"},{"id":257877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Peachtree Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.45,33.800555555555555 ], [ -84.45,33.81777777777778 ], [ -84.36694444444444,33.81777777777778 ], [ -84.36694444444444,33.800555555555555 ], [ -84.45,33.800555555555555 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1165e4b0c8380cd53f9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musser, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-3543-0807 jwmusser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0807","contributorId":2266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musser","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwmusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038078,"text":"70038078 - 2012 - Variance of discharge estimates sampled using acoustic Doppler current profilers from moving boats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:40","indexId":"70038078","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variance of discharge estimates sampled using acoustic Doppler current profilers from moving boats","docAbstract":"This paper presents a model for quantifying the random errors (i.e., variance) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements from moving boats for different sampling times. The model focuses on the random processes in the sampled flow field and has been developed using statistical methods currently available for uncertainty analysis of velocity time series. Analysis of field data collected using ADCP from moving boats from three natural rivers of varying sizes and flow conditions shows that, even though the estimate of the integral time scale of the actual turbulent flow field is larger than the sampling interval, the integral time scale of the sampled flow field is on the order of the sampling interval. Thus, an equation for computing the variance error in discharge measurements associated with different sampling times, assuming uncorrelated flow fields is appropriate. The approach is used to help define optimal sampling strategies by choosing the exposure time required for ADCPs to accurately measure flow discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000558","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.M., Tarrab, L., Oberg, K., Szupiany, R., and Cantero, M.I., 2012, Variance of discharge estimates sampled using acoustic Doppler current profilers from moving boats: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000558.","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000558"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc14de4b08c986b32a500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Carlos M.","contributorId":71432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tarrab, Leticia","contributorId":64116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarrab","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin","contributorId":89385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szupiany, Ricardo","contributorId":42494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szupiany","given":"Ricardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cantero, Mariano I.","contributorId":37609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantero","given":"Mariano","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038295,"text":"70038295 - 2012 - Use of vertical temperature gradients for prediction of tidal flat sediment characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:25:16","indexId":"70038295","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of vertical temperature gradients for prediction of tidal flat sediment characteristics","docAbstract":"Sediment characteristics largely govern tidal flat morphologic evolution; however, conventional methods of investigating spatial variability in lithology on tidal flats are difficult to employ in these highly dynamic regions. In response, a series of laboratory experiments was designed to investigate the use of temperature diffusion toward sediment characterization. A vertical thermistor array was used to quantify temperature gradients in simulated tidal flat sediments of varying compositions. Thermal conductivity estimates derived from these arrays were similar to measurements from a standard heated needle probe, which substantiates the thermistor methodology. While the thermal diffusivities of dry homogeneous sediments were similar, diffusivities for saturated homogeneous sediments ranged approximately one order of magnitude. The thermal diffusivity of saturated sand was five times the thermal diffusivity of saturated kaolin and more than eight times the thermal diffusivity of saturated bentonite. This suggests that vertical temperature gradients can be used for distinguishing homogeneous saturated sands from homogeneous saturated clays and perhaps even between homogeneous saturated clay types. However, experiments with more realistic tidal flat mixtures were less discriminating. Relationships between thermal diffusivity and percent fines for saturated mixtures varied depending upon clay composition, indicating that clay hydration and/or water content controls thermal gradients. Furthermore, existing models for the bulk conductivity of sediment mixtures were improved only through the use of calibrated estimates of homogeneous end-member conductivity and water content values. Our findings suggest that remotely sensed observations of water content and thermal diffusivity could only be used to qualitatively estimate tidal flat sediment characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007566","usgsCitation":"Miselis, J.L., Holland, K.T., Reed, A.H., and Abelev, A., 2012, Use of vertical temperature gradients for prediction of tidal flat sediment characteristics: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 117, no. C3, p. C03012-C03023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007566.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"C03012","endPage":"C03023","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474444,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007566"},{"id":257831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"C3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbface4b08c986b329cdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holland, K. Todd","contributorId":68748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, Allen H.","contributorId":60898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abelev, Andrei","contributorId":65709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abelev","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038287,"text":"70038287 - 2012 - Vulnerability of recently recharged groundwater in principal aquifers of the United States to nitrate contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:40","indexId":"70038287","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability of recently recharged groundwater in principal aquifers of the United States to nitrate contamination","docAbstract":"Recently recharged water (defined here as <60 years old) is generally the most vulnerable part of a groundwater resource to nonpoint-source nitrate contamination. Understanding at the appropriate scale the interactions of natural and anthropogenic controlling factors that influence nitrate occurrence in recently recharged groundwater is critical to support best management and policy decisions that are often made at the aquifer to subaquifer scale. New logistic regression models were developed using data from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program and National Water Information System for 17 principal aquifers of the U.S. to identify important source, transport, and attenuation factors that control nonpoint source nitrate concentrations greater than relative background levels in recently recharged groundwater and were used to predict the probability of detecting elevated nitrate in areas beyond the sampling network. Results indicate that dissolved oxygen, crops and irrigated cropland, fertilizer application, seasonally high water table, and soil properties that affect infiltration and denitrification are among the most important factors in predicting elevated nitrate concentrations. Important differences in controlling factors and spatial predictions were identified in the principal aquifer and national-scale models and support the conclusion that similar spatial scales are needed between informed groundwater management and model development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es300688b","usgsCitation":"Gurdak, J., and Qi, S.L., 2012, Vulnerability of recently recharged groundwater in principal aquifers of the United States to nitrate contamination: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 11, p. 6004-6012, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300688b.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"6004","endPage":"6012","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es300688b"},{"id":257830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"46","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc381e4b08c986b32b202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038817,"text":"sim3205 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-07T13:40:51","indexId":"sim3205","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3205","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9-mile reach of the St. Marys River that extends from South Anthony Boulevard to Main Street at Fort Wayne, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Fort Wayne. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, Ind. Current conditions at the USGS streamgages in Indiana may be obtained from the National Water Information System: Web Interface. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system. The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages. That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, water-surface profiles were simulated for the stream reach by means of a hydraulic one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, Ind. The hydraulic model was then used to simulate 11 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. A flood inundation map was generated for each water-surface profile stage (11 maps in all) so that for any given flood stage users will be able to view the estimated area of inundation. The availability of these maps along with current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3205","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the City of Fort Wayne, Indiana","usgsCitation":"Menke, C.D., Kim, M.H., and Fowler, K.K., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3205, iv, 7 p.; Data Files; Dataset Directory, README, Vector Metadata, Raster Metadata; 11 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 2: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 3: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 4: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 5: 17.00 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 6: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 7: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 8: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 9: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 10: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 10: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches; 11 low resolution sheets; Sheet 1: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 2: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 3: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 4: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 5: 17.00 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 6: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 7: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 8: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 9: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 10: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 11: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3205.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.; Data Files; Dataset Directory, README, Vector Metadata, Raster Metadata; 11 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 2: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 3: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 4: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 5: 17.00 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 6: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 7: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 8: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 9: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 10: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 10: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches; 11 low resolution sheets; Sheet 1: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 2: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 3: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 4: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 5: 17.00 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 6: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 7: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 8: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 9: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 10: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches, Sheet 11: 17.03 inches x 22.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3205.jpg"},{"id":257828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282118,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205/contents/SIM3205_pamphlet.pdf"}],"scale":"36000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Vertical Datum 1988","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Fort Wayne","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.2,40.96666666666667 ], [ -85.2,41.1 ], [ -85.1,41.1 ], [ -85.1,40.96666666666667 ], [ -85.2,40.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1168e4b0c8380cd53fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038816,"text":"sim3213 - 2012 - Bathymetric contours of Breckenridge Reservoir, Quantico, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T21:50:37.848155","indexId":"sim3213","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3213","title":"Bathymetric contours of Breckenridge Reservoir, Quantico, Virginia","docAbstract":"Breckenridge Reservoir, built in 1938, is fed by Chopawamsic Creek and South Branch Chopawamsic Creek. The Reservoir is a main source of drinking water for the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) Base in Quantico, Virginia. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USMC, conducted a bathymetric survey of Breckenridge Reservoir in March 2009. The survey was conducted to provide the USMC Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs (NREA) with information regarding reservoir storage capacity and general bathymetric properties. The bathymetric survey can provide a baseline for future work on sediment loads and deposition rates for the reservoir. Bathymetric data were collected using a boat-mounted Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential global positioning system (DGPS), echo depth-sounding equipment, and computer software. Data were exported into a geographic information system (GIS) for mapping and calculating area and volume. Reservoir storage volume at the time of the survey was about 22,500,000 cubic feet (517 acre-feet) with a surface area of about 1,820,000 square feet (41.9 acres).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Marine Corps, Quantico, Virginia","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., Lotspeich, R., and Banks, R., 2012, Bathymetric contours of Breckenridge Reservoir, Quantico, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3213, Sheet: 36 inches x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3213.","productDescription":"Sheet: 36 inches x 36 inches","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3213.jpg"},{"id":257825,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392613,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3213/pdf/SIM3213.pdf","text":"SIM 3213","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.4,38.53361111111111 ], [ -77.4,38.55 ], [ -77.38416666666667,38.55 ], [ -77.38416666666667,38.53361111111111 ], [ -77.4,38.53361111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f001e4b0c8380cd4a56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, S.M.","contributorId":74420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lotspeich, R.R.","contributorId":38002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lotspeich","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banks, R.B. III","contributorId":45177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"R.B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038818,"text":"ofr20121124 - 2012 - Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Minnesota lakes - Water-quality and hydrological data from 2008 and 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-26T01:01:35","indexId":"ofr20121124","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1124","title":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Minnesota lakes - Water-quality and hydrological data from 2008 and 2010","docAbstract":"Understanding the sources, fate, and effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquatic ecosystems is important for water-resource management. This study was conducted during 2008 and 2010 to establish a framework for assessing endocrine disrupting chemicals, and involved a statewide survey of their occurrence in 14 Minnesota lakes and a targeted study of different microhabitats on a single lake. The lakes ranged in size from about 0.1 to 100 square kilometers, varied in trophic status from oligotrophic to eutrophic, and spanned a range of land-uses from wetlands and forest to agricultural and urban use. Water and sediment samples were collected from the near-shore littoral environment and analyzed for endocrine disrupting chemicals, including trace elements, acidic organic compounds, neutral organic compounds, and steroidal hormones. In addition, polar organic compound integrative samplers were deployed for 21 days and analyzed for the same organic compounds. One lake was selected for a detailed microhabitat study of multiple near-shore environments. This report compiles the results from the field measurements and laboratory chemical analysis of water, sediment, and polar organic compound integrative sampler samples collected during 2008 and 2010. Most of the organic compounds measured were not detected in any of the water samples, although a few compounds were detected in several of the lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Writer, J.H., Keefe, S., Brown, G.K., Ferrey, M.L., Jahns, N.D., Kiesling, R.L., Lundy, J.R., Poganski, B.H., Rosenberry, D.O., Taylor, H.E., Woodruff, O., and Schoenfuss, H.L., 2012, Endocrine disrupting chemicals in Minnesota lakes - Water-quality and hydrological data from 2008 and 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1124, viii, 13 p.; Figures: pgs. 14-16; Tables: pgs. 17-53, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121124.","productDescription":"viii, 13 p.; Figures: pgs. 14-16; Tables: pgs. 17-53","startPage":"i","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1124.jpg"},{"id":257853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.2,43.56666666666667 ], [ -97.2,49.38333333333333 ], [ -89.56666666666666,49.38333333333333 ], [ -89.56666666666666,43.56666666666667 ], [ -97.2,43.56666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0926e4b0c8380cd51e1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie K.","contributorId":12739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Greg K.","contributorId":8554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrey, Mark L.","contributorId":59912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jahns, Nathan D.","contributorId":12124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lundy, James R.","contributorId":102737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Poganski, Beth H.","contributorId":107558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poganski","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Woodruff, Olivia P.","contributorId":69407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Olivia P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70007520,"text":"70007520 - 2012 - Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"70007520","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T20:06:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1460,"text":"Ecological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis","docAbstract":"Introduction
\nEvaluating the environmental impacts of climate change on water resources and biological components of the landscape is an integral part of hydrologic and ecological investigations, and the resultant land and resource management in the twenty-first century. Impacts of both climate and simulated hydrologic parameters on ecological processes are relevant at scales that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of landscapes. At present, simulations of climate change available from global climate models [GCMs] require downscaling for hydrologic or ecological applications.
\nMethods
\nUsing statistically downscaled future climate projections developed using constructed analogues, a methodology was developed to further downscale the projections spatially using a gradient-inverse-distance-squared approach for application to hydrologic modeling at 270-m spatial resolution.
\nResults
\nThis paper illustrates a methodology to downscale and bias-correct national GCMs to subkilometer scales that are applicable to fine-scale environmental processes. Four scenarios were chosen to bracket the range of future emissions put forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Fine-scale applications of downscaled datasets of ecological and hydrologic correlations to variation in climate are illustrated.
\nConclusions
\nThe methodology, which includes a sequence of rigorous analyses and calculations, is intended to reduce the addition of uncertainty to the climate data as a result of the downscaling while providing the fine-scale climate information necessary for ecological analyses. It results in new but consistent data sets for the US at 4 km, the southwest US at 270 m, and California at 90 m and illustrates the utility of fine-scale downscaling to analyses of ecological processes influenced by topographic complexity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1186/2192-1709-1-2","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2012, Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis: Ecological Processes, v. 1, no. 1, 15 p.; Article 2, https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-1-2.","productDescription":"15 p.; Article 2","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474445,"rank":201,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-1-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257794,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-1-2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b3e4b0c8380cd50601","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038507,"text":"70038507 - 2012 - Steroid hormone runoff from agricultural test plots applied with municipal biosolids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T14:55:29.99111","indexId":"70038507","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T09:48:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steroid hormone runoff from agricultural test plots applied with municipal biosolids","docAbstract":"The potential presence of steroid hormones in runoff from sites where biosolids have been used as agricultural fertilizers is an environmental concern. A study was conducted to assess the potential for runoff of seventeen different hormones and two sterols, including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens from agricultural test plots. The field containing the test plots had been applied with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. Target compounds were isolated by solid-phase extraction (water samples) and pressurized solvent extraction (solid samples), derivatized, and analyzed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Runoff samples collected prior to biosolids application had low concentrations of two hormones (estrone <0.8 to 2.23 ng L-1 and androstenedione <0.8 to 1.54 ng L-1) and cholesterol (22.5 ± 3.8 μg L-1). In contrast, significantly higher concentrations of multiple estrogens (<0.8 to 25.0 ng L-1), androgens (<2 to 216 ng L-1), and progesterone (<8 to 98.9 ng L-1) were observed in runoff samples taken 1, 8, and 35 days after biosolids application. A significant positive correlation was observed between antecedent rainfall amount and hormone mass loads (runoff). Hormones in runoff were primarily present in the dissolved phase (<0.7-μm GF filter), and, to a lesser extent bound to the suspended-particle phase. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize hormones from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters or redistributed to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. Although concentrations decrease over time, 35 days is insufficient for complete degradation of hormones in soil at this site.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es203896t","usgsCitation":"Yang, Y., Gray, J.L., Furlong, E.T., Davis, J.G., ReVollo, R.C., and Borch, T., 2012, Steroid hormone runoff from agricultural test plots applied with municipal biosolids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 5, p. 2746-2754, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203896t.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2746","endPage":"2754","costCenters":[{"id":140,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (National Water Quality Laboratory)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.651.2819","text":"External Repository"},{"id":257901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9839e4b08c986b31bef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Yun-Ya","contributorId":70237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Yun-Ya","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jessica G.","contributorId":61693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"ReVollo, Rhiannon C.","contributorId":42081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReVollo","given":"Rhiannon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Borch, Thomas","contributorId":84617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borch","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004468,"text":"70004468 - 2012 - Effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T01:01:41","indexId":"70004468","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system","docAbstract":"The use of stable isotopes in ecological studies requires that we know the magnitude of discrimination factors between consumer and element sources. The causes of variation in discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen have been relatively well studied. In contrast, the discrimination factors for hydrogen have rarely been measured. We grew cabbage looper caterpillars (Trichoplusia ni) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants irrigated with four treatments of deuterium-enriched water (δD = -131, -88, -48, and -2‰, respectively), allowing some of them to reach adulthood as moths. Tissue δD values of plants, caterpillars, and moths were linearly correlated with the isotopic composition of irrigation water. However, the slope of these relationships was less than 1, and hence, discrimination factors depended on the δD value of irrigation water. We hypothesize that this dependence is an artifact of growing plants in an environment with a common atmospheric δD value. Both caterpillars and moths were significantly enriched in deuterium relative to plants by ~45‰ and 23‰ respectively, but the moths had lower tissue to plant discrimination factors than did the caterpillars. If the trophic enrichment documented here is universal, δD values must be accounted for in geographic assignment studies. The isotopic value of carbon was transferred more or less faithfully across trophic levels, but δ15N values increased from plants to insects and we observed significant non-trophic 15N enrichment in the metamorphosis from larvae to adult.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0032744","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.M., Wolf, N., Stricker, C.A., Collier, T.R., and Martinez del Rio, C., 2012, Effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 3, 7 p.; e32744, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032744.","productDescription":"7 p.; e32744","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474447,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032744","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032744","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0815e4b0c8380cd5197d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Jacob M.","contributorId":73890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Nathan","contributorId":51613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collier, Timothy R.","contributorId":47257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collier","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martinez del Rio, Carlos","contributorId":29705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez del Rio","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038794,"text":"70038794 - 2012 - Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70038794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes","docAbstract":"Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of capture by trammel net on bonytail Gila elegans, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, at 15, 20, and 25uC. Fish (139–288 mm total length) were entangled in a trammel net for 2 h or captured by seine net and then monitored for mortality for at least 14 d. Blood samples were collected immediately after capture, and plasma cortisol levels were quantified as an index of capture-related stress. The cortisol response varied by species, but mean cortisol levels were higher for fish captured by trammel netting (295.9 ng/mL) relative to fish captured by seine netting (215.8 ng/mL). Only one fish (of 550) died during capture and handling, but 42% of the trammel-netted fish and 11% of the seine-netted fish died within 14 d after capture. In general, mortality after capture by trammel net increased with increased water temperature and at 25uC was 88% for bonytail, 94% for razorback sucker, and 25% for roundtail chub. Delayed mortality of wild-caught fish captured by trammel net has the potential to be high, at least under some circumstances. We suggest that sampling frequency, timing of sampling (relative to reproductive cycles), and water temperature all be considered carefully when using trammel nets to sample diminished populations of imperiled native fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/122011-JFWM-070","usgsCitation":"Hunt, T.A., Ward, D.L., Propper, C.R., and Gibb, A., 2012, Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 133-141, https://doi.org/10.3996/122011-JFWM-070.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/122011-jfwm-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122011-JFWM-070","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a3e4b0c8380cd51349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Teresa A.","contributorId":71069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Propper, Catherine R.","contributorId":73079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Propper","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibb, Alice C.","contributorId":59312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"Alice C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003375,"text":"70003375 - 2012 - Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70003375","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession","docAbstract":"Relating watershed structure to streamflow generation is a primary focus of hydrology. However, comparisons of longitudinal variability in stream discharge with adjacent valley structure have been rare, resulting in poor understanding of the distribution of the hydrologic mechanisms that cause variability in streamflow generation along valleys. This study explores detailed surveys of stream base flow across a gauged, 23 km2 mountain watershed. Research objectives were (1) to relate spatial variability in base flow to fundamental elements of watershed structure, primarily topographic contributing area, and (2) to assess temporal changes in the spatial patterns of those relationships during a seasonal base flow recession. We analyzed spatiotemporal variability in base flow using (1) summer hydrographs at the study watershed outlet and 5 subwatershed outlets and (2) longitudinal series of discharge measurements every ~100 m along the streams of the 3 largest subwatersheds (1200 to 2600 m in valley length), repeated 2 to 3 times during base flow recession. Reaches within valley segments of 300 to 1200 m in length tended to demonstrate similar streamflow generation characteristics. Locations of transitions between these segments were consistent throughout the recession, and tended to be collocated with abrupt longitudinal transitions in valley slope or hillslope-riparian characteristics. Both within and among subwatersheds, correlation between the spatial distributions of streamflow and topographic contributing area decreased during the recession, suggesting a general decrease in the influence of topography on stream base flow contributions. As topographic controls on base flow evidently decreased, multiple aspects of subsurface structure were likely to have gained influence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011552","usgsCitation":"Payn, R., Gooseff, M., McGlynn, B., Bencala, K., and Wondzell, S., 2012, Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession: Water Resources Research, v. 48, 15 p.; W04519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011552.","productDescription":"15 p.; W04519","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474448,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011552","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011552","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e22e4b0c8380cd532f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payn, R.A.","contributorId":18208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payn","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wondzell, S.M.","contributorId":18599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038753,"text":"fs20113150 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in the Kern County Subbasin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"fs20113150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3150","title":"Groundwater quality in the Kern County Subbasin, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California's drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Kern County Subbasin constitutes one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113150","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., and Belitz, K., 2012, Groundwater quality in the Kern County Subbasin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3150, HTML Document: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113150.","productDescription":"HTML Document: 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3150.JPG"},{"id":257729,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.16666666666667,34.75 ], [ -120.16666666666667,35.75 ], [ -118.66666666666667,35.75 ], [ -118.66666666666667,34.75 ], [ -120.16666666666667,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2db3e4b0c8380cd5bfc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004478,"text":"70004478 - 2012 - Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T17:57:50.034357","indexId":"70004478","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA","docAbstract":"Tamarix spp. are introduced shrubs that have become among the most abundant woody plants growing along western North American rivers. We sought to empirically test the long-held belief that Tamarix actively displaces native species through elevating soil salinity via salt exudation. We measured chemical and physical attributes of soils (e.g., salinity, major cations and anions, texture), litter cover and depth, and stand structure along chronosequences dominated by Tamarix and those dominated by native riparian species (Populus or Salix) along the upper and lower Colorado River in Colorado and Arizona/California, USA. We tested four hypotheses: (1) the rate of salt accumulation in soils is faster in Tamarix-dominated stands than stands dominated by native species, (2) the concentration of salts in the soil is higher in mature stands dominated by Tamarix compared to native stands, (3) soil salinity is a function of Tamarix abundance, and (4) available nutrients are more concentrated in native-dominated stands compared to Tamarix-dominated stands. We found that salt concentration increases at a faster rate in Tamarix-dominated stands along the relatively free-flowing upper Colorado but not along the heavily-regulated lower Colorado. Concentrations of ions that are known to be preferentially exuded by Tamarix (e.g., B, Na, and Cl) were higher in Tamarix stands than in native stands. Soil salt concentrations in older Tamarix stands along the upper Colorado were sufficiently high to inhibit germination, establishment, or growth of some native species. On the lower Colorado, salinity was very high in all stands and is likely due to factors associated with floodplain development and the hydrologic effects of river regulation, such as reduced overbank flooding, evaporation of shallow ground water, higher salt concentrations in surface and ground water due to agricultural practices, and higher salt concentrations in fine-textured sediments derived from naturally saline parent material.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-012-0263-4","usgsCitation":"Merritt, D.M., and Shafroth, P.B., 2012, Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA: Biological Invasions, v. 14, no. 12, p. 2665-2685, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0263-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2665","endPage":"2685","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.995361328125,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -108.995361328125,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -108.995361328125,\n 39.99395569397331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a6e4b0c8380cd50eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":95976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038754,"text":"fs20113151 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T01:01:41","indexId":"fs20113151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3151","title":"Groundwater quality in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California's drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The subbasins in the southeast portion of the San Joaquin Valley constitute one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113151","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., and Belitz, K., 2012, Groundwater quality in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3151, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113151.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3151.JPG"},{"id":257728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,34.5 ], [ -120.25,37 ], [ -118.66666666666667,37 ], [ -118.66666666666667,34.5 ], [ -120.25,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dbbe4b0c8380cd5bfde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038769,"text":"sir20125098 - 2012 - Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and nutrients in source and finished water in the Sioux Falls area, South Dakota, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:29:50","indexId":"sir20125098","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5098","title":"Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and nutrients in source and finished water in the Sioux Falls area, South Dakota, 2009-10","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic organic compounds (AOCs) in drinking-water sources commonly are derived from municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewater sources, and are a concern for water-supply managers. A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, S. Dak., and the U.S. Geological Survey was initiated in 2009 to (1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface water) to water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are present in the finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if sources change seasonally or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality samples collected from source waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area. The study approach included the collection of water samples from source and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area for the analyses of AOCs, nutrients, and nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate. Water-quality constituents monitored in this study were chosen to represent a variety of the contaminants known or suspected to occur within the Big Sioux River Basin, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sterols, household and industrial products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, antibiotics, and hormones. A total of 184 AOCs were monitored, of which 40 AOCs had relevant human-health benchmarks. During 11 sampling visits, 45 AOCs (24 percent) were detected in at least one sample of source or finished water, and 13 AOCs were detected in at least 20 percent of all samples. Concentrations of detected AOCs were all less than 1 microgram per liter, except for two AOCs in multiple samples from the Big Sioux River, and one AOC in finished-water samples. Concentrations of AOCs were less than 0.1 microgram per liter in more than 75 percent of the detections. Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally in source-water samples from surface water and groundwater. In the Big Sioux River, nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were typically less than 1 milligram per liter as nitrogen, and reached a maximum of 4.06 milligrams per liter as nitrogen following a June 2010 storm. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in groundwater ranged from less than 0.1 to 0.701 milligram per liter as nitrogen. Eight of the AOCs detected have a human-health benchmark that could be used to evaluate the concentrations in a human-health context. Four AOCs had maximum concentrations within an order of magnitude of the benchmark, indicating that additional monitoring of the compound may be warranted. Three herbicides (atrazine, metolachlor, and prometon) and one degradate (deethylatrazine) were detected in finished-water samples as frequently as in source-water samples. The concentrations of herbicides in source water varied by an order of magnitude from the period of peak use (early summer) to the winter months. Groundwater and finished-water concentrations of atrazine were similar for the six sampling dates when groundwater was the only source water used. Upstream wastewater discharges contributed a fairly small percentage of the flow to the Big Sioux River near Sioux Falls, but several AOCs associated with wastewater were frequently detected. The interpretation of all potential sources of nitrogen cannot be accomplished by use of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate alone, but provides a qualitative indication that very little nitrate originates from excess fertilizer runoff, and most nitrate originates from municipal wastewater effluent, manure runoff (either from field application or feeding operations), or fertilizers mineralized by processes in the soil.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Sioux Falls","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G., 2012, Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and nutrients in source and finished water in the Sioux Falls area, South Dakota, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5098, vi, 21 p.; Appendices pgs. 23-38; Appendix-4, Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125098.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendices pgs. 23-38; Appendix-4, Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5098.JPG"},{"id":257745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,43.5 ], [ -97,43.75 ], [ -96.61749999999999,43.75 ], [ -96.61749999999999,43.5 ], [ -97,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bcbe4b0c8380cd748b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038752,"text":"sir20115218 - 2012 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the two southern San Joaquin Valley study units, 2005-2006 - California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"sir20115218","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5218","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the two southern San Joaquin Valley study units, 2005-2006 - California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the southern San Joaquin Valley was investigated from October 2005 through March 2006 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. There are two study units located in the southern San Joaquin Valley: the Southeast San Joaquin Valley (SESJ) study unit and the Kern County Subbasin (KERN) study unit. The GAMA Priority Basin Project in the SESJ and KERN study units was designed to provide a statistically unbiased, spatially distributed assessment of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifers. The status assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2005 and 2006 by the USGS from 130 wells on a spatially distributed grid, and water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. Data was collected from an additional 19 wells for the understanding assessment. The aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) were defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the CDPH database for the SESJ and KERN study units. The status assessment of groundwater quality used data from samples analyzed for anthropogenic constituents such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, as well as naturally occurring inorganic constituents such as major ions and trace elements. The status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of untreated groundwater resources within the primary aquifers in the SESJ and KERN study units, not the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers. Although the status assessment applies to untreated groundwater, Federal and California regulatory and non-regulatory water-quality benchmarks that apply to drinking water are used to provide context for the results. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than the benchmark and is classified as high. The relative-concentration threshold for classifying inorganic constituents as moderate or low was 0.5; for organic constituents the threshold between moderate and low was 0.1. Aquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric for assessing the quality of untreated groundwater for the study units. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifers with a high relative-concentration for a particular constituent or class of constituents. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifers with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable for the two study units in the southern San Joaquin Valley (within 90 percent confidence intervals). The status assessment showed that inorganic constituents were more prevalent than organic constituents and that relative-concentrations were higher for inorganic constituents than for organic constituents. For inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks, the relative-concentration of at least one constituent in the SESJ study unit was high in 30 percent of the primary aquifers. In the KERN study unit, the relative-concentration of at least one constituent was high in 23 percent of the primary aquifers. In the SESJ and KERN study units, the inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks detected at high relative-concentrations in more than 2 percent of the primary aquifers were arsenic, boron, vanadium, nitrate, uranium, and gross alpha radioactivity. Additional constituents with human-health benchmarks—antimony, radium, and fluoride—were detected at high relative-concentrations in the KERN study unit. For inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCLs), the relative-concentration of at least one constituent in the SESJ study unit was high in 6.6 percent of the primary aquifers. In the KERN study unit, the relative-concentration of at least one constituent was high in 22 percent of the primary aquifers. Inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks detected at high relative-concentrations in the primary aquifers in the SESJ and KERN study units were iron and manganese. Additional constituents with aesthetic benchmarks—total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate, and chloride—were detected at high relative-concentrations in the KERN study unit. In contrast, the status assessment for organic constituents with human-health benchmarks showed that relative-concentrations were high in 4.8 percent and 2.1 percent of the primary aquifers in the SESJ and KERN study units, respectively. The special-interest constituent, perchlorate, was detected at high relative-concentrations in 1.2 percent of the primary aquifers in the SESJ study unit. Twenty-eight of the 78 VOCs (not including fumigants) analyzed were detected. Of these 28 VOCs, benzene had high relative-concentrations in the SESJ study unit, and relative-concentrations for the other 27 VOCs were moderate and low. Five of the 10 fumigants were detected; 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) was the only fumigant with high relative-concentrations in the SESJ and KERN study units. Of the 136 pesticides and pesticide degradates analyzed, 33 were detected. Human-health benchmarks were established for eighteen of the detected pesticides. Dieldrin was detected at moderate relative-concentrations in the SESJ and KERN study units. All other pesticides detected with human-health benchmarks were present at low relative-concentrations. The detection frequencies for two of these pesticides—simazine and atrazine—were greater than or equal to 10 percent in the SESJ and KERN study units. The understanding assessment of groundwater quality included an analysis of correlations of selected water-quality constituents or classes of constituents with potential explanatory factors. The understanding assessment indicated that the concentrations of many trace elements and major ions were correlated to well depth, groundwater age, and/or geochemical conditions. Many trace elements were positively correlated with depth. Arsenic, boron, vanadium, fluoride, manganese, and iron concentrations increased with well depth or depth to top-of-perforations. The concentrations for these trace elements also were higher in older (pre-modern) groundwater. In contrast, uranium concentrations decreased with increasing depth and groundwater age. Most trace elements were correlated to geochemical conditions. Arsenic, antimony, boron, fluoride, manganese, and iron concentrations generally were higher wherever the pH of the groundwater was greater than 7.6. Concentrations for these constituents generally were higher at low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO). Uranium was the exception; uranium concentrations generally were lower at high pH and at high concentrations of DO. Nitrate concentrations generally were lower in deeper wells. Nitrate concentrations also were higher in groundwater with higher DO. Total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were higher in the KERN study unit than in the SESJ study unit. Total dissolved solids were negatively correlated with pH in the KERN study unit. Total dissolved solids and sulfate were higher in areas with more agricultural land use. Chloride concentrations increased with depth to top-of-perforations in the KERN study unit. Organic constituents and constituents of special interest, like many inorganic constituents, were correlated with well depth, groundwater age, and DO. Unlike most trace elements, however, solvent and pesticide detections, and total trihalomethanes (THM), DBCP, and perchlorate concentrations decreased with increasing well depth. Volatile organic compound, solvent, and pesticide detections, and THM concentrations also were lower in older (pre-modern) groundwater than in modern-age groundwater. Solvent detections and total THM, DBCP, and perchlorate concentrations increased with increasing DO concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., Shelton, J.L., and Belitz, K., 2012, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the two southern San Joaquin Valley study units, 2005-2006 - California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5218, xii, 106 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115218.","productDescription":"xii, 106 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5218.jpg"},{"id":257730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,34.833333333333336 ], [ -121,37 ], [ -118,37 ], [ -118,34.833333333333336 ], [ -121,34.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b979de4b08c986b31bb84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038751,"text":"fs20123073 - 2012 - Development of computational fluid dynamics--habitat suitability (CFD-HSI) models to identify potential passage--Challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:27:28.326242","indexId":"fs20123073","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3073","title":"Development of computational fluid dynamics--habitat suitability (CFD-HSI) models to identify potential passage--Challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability (CFD–HSI) model was developed to identify potential zones of shallow depth and high water velocity that may present passage challenges for five anadromous fish species in the Penobscot River, Maine, upstream from two existing dams and as a result of the proposed future removal of the dams. Potential depth-challenge zones were predicted for larger species at the lowest flow modeled in the dam-removal scenario. Increasing flows under both scenarios increased the number and size of potential velocity-challenge zones, especially for smaller species. This application of the two-dimensional CFD–HSI model demonstrated its capabilities to estimate the potential effects of flow and hydraulic alteration on the passage of migratory fish.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123073","usgsCitation":"Haro, A.J., Dudley, R.W., and Chelminski, M., 2012, Development of computational fluid dynamics--habitat suitability (CFD-HSI) models to identify potential passage--Challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3073, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123073.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3073.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0052e4b0c8380cd4f6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chelminski, Michael","contributorId":9532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelminski","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038756,"text":"ofr20121061 - 2012 - Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"ofr20121061","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1061","title":"Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"Increasingly, dry rangelands are being valued for multiple services beyond their traditional value as a forage production system. Additional ecosystem services include the potential to store carbon in the soil and plant biomass. In addition, dust emissions from rangelands might be considered an ecosystem detriment, the opposite of an ecosystem service. Dust emitted may have far-reaching impacts, for example, reduction of local air quality, as well as altering regional water supplies through effects on snowpack. Using an extensive rangeland monitoring dataset in the greater Canyonlands region (Utah, USA), we developed a method to estimate indices of the provisioning of three ecosystem services (forage production, dust retention, C storage) and one ecosystem property (nativeness), taking into account both ecosystem type and alternative states within that ecosystem type. We also integrated these four indices into a multifunctionality index. Comparing the currently ungrazed Canyonlands National Park watersheds to the adjacent Dugout Ranch pastures, we found clearly higher multifunctionality was attained in the Park, and that this was primarily driven by greater C-storage and better dust retention. It is unlikely to maximize all benefits and minimize all detriments at the same time. Some goods and services may have synergistic interactions; for example, managing for carbon storage will increase plant and biocrust cover likely lowering dust emission. Likewise, some may have antagonistic interactions. For instance, if carbon is consumed as biomass for livestock production, then carbon storage may be reduced. Ultimately our goal should be to quantify the monetary consequences of specific land use practices for multiple ecosystem services and determine the best land use and adaptive management practices for attaining multiple ecosystem services, minimizing economic detriments, and maximizing economic benefits from multi-commodity rangelands. Our technique is the first step toward this goal, allowing the simultaneous consideration of multiple targeted ecosystem services and properties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121061","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., and Belote, R., 2012, Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1061, v [vi], 29 p.; Figures: pgs. 30-44; Tables: pgs.45-56; XLS Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121061.","productDescription":"v [vi], 29 p.; Figures: pgs. 30-44; Tables: pgs.45-56; XLS Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1061.gif"},{"id":257694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Creek Watershed;Dugout Ranch","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4de4b0c8380cd49cb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belote, R.T.","contributorId":101119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}