The disodium salt of 3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid (disodium endothal) and the derivative identified by the manufacturer as the di-N,N′-dimethylococoamine salt of endothal (coded as TD-47) were particularly effective upon submersed species of aquatic vegetation as contact herbicides. Disodium endothal at concentrations of 0.5 to 10.0 ppmw was effective in controlling approximately 50 per cent of the 19 species of plants involved in 270 tests. TD-47 at concentrations of 0.02 to 10.0 ppmw trolled 77 per cent of the 11 plant species in 94 tests.
Algae (Chara, Cladophora, Pithophora, and Spirogyra) were more effectively controlled by TD-47 than by disodium endothal. Although TD-47 was at least 10 times more herbicidal than disodium endothal, it was about 100 times more toxic to fish. Disodium endothal was more than 50 per cent effective on submersed aquatic plants at rates in excess of 2.5 ppmw with a wide margin of safety in fish (4- to 10-fold). Disodium endothal had a median tolerance limit ranging from 95 to 150 ppmw in the aggregate of nine fish species tested extensively. Median tolerance limits for TD-47 ranged from about 0.06 to 0.3 ppmw for five species of fish. TD-47 applied at a concentration lethal to fish (0.3 to 1.0 ppmw) was effective as a dual management tool in controlling vegetation and achieving partial or complete renovation of stunted fish populations.
Young, growing vegetation was most susceptible to control, and best results were achieved at water temperatures exceeding 60 F. Higher rates were required to kill plants as they matured and stands became dense. Endothal liquid formulations were superior to granules in controlling algal mats, floating and emergent plants. Granules were more effective on submersed rooted plants.
TD-47 residues were of short duration. The rate of disappearance depended on time and concentration. Detectable residues disappeared within 8 days following application of 0.3 ppmw and within 2 weeks for 0.6 ppmw. However, 1.0 to 3.0 ppmw took up to 25 days to disappear. Some residues were found in fish-food organisms from treated enclosures 3 weeks after application. Fish flesh showed no absorption of endothal-armeens at sublethal concentrations. Intraperitoneal injection of endothal into fish produced a disturbance of the osmoregulation. The physiological effect of endothal was measured by chemical analysis of blood serum.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.2307/4040590","usgsCitation":"Walker, C., 1963, Endothal derivatives as aquatic herbicides in fishery habitats: Weeds, v. 11, no. 3, p. 226-232, https://doi.org/10.2307/4040590.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, C.R.","contributorId":69097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014449,"text":"1014449 - 1963 - Kidney disease of salmonid fishes and the analysis of hatchery waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T16:02:09.353044","indexId":"1014449","displayToPublicDate":"1963-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kidney disease of salmonid fishes and the analysis of hatchery waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1963)25[121:KDOSFA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Warren, J., 1963, Kidney disease of salmonid fishes and the analysis of hatchery waters: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 25, no. 3, p. 121-131, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1963)25[121:KDOSFA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130494,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, J.W.","contributorId":20285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014514,"text":"1014514 - 1963 - Physiological salines for freshwater teleosts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T15:59:07.037164","indexId":"1014514","displayToPublicDate":"1963-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological salines for freshwater teleosts","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1963)25[135:PSFFT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1963, Physiological salines for freshwater teleosts: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 25, no. 3, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1963)25[135:PSFFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68594b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, Ken","contributorId":106546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220053,"text":"70220053 - 1963 - The abundance of scandium in volcanic rocks, a preliminary estimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T20:24:49.253851","indexId":"70220053","displayToPublicDate":"1963-06-30T15:21:44","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The abundance of scandium in volcanic rocks, a preliminary estimate","docAbstract":"Using Rittman's classification to determine the clan, we suggest the following abundance figures: basalts (99), 38 p.p.m. Sc; andesites (72), 34 p.p.m. Sc; dacites (68), 21 p.p.m. Sc; rhyodacites (32), 14 p.p.m. Sc; quartz latites (14), 11 p.p.m; rhyolites (24), 5 p.p.m. The scandium was determined spectrographically on samples for which there were complete rock analyses. In addition we suggest that extrusive equivalents of peridotites should contain about 9 p.p.m. Sc; extrusive equivalents of perknites should contain about 30 p.p.m. Sc. We see no reason why these figures should not apply to the intrusive equivalents. We tentatively suggest a figure of 30 p.p.m. for Sc for the crust, using Poldervaart's suggested ratio of rock types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(63)90017-6","usgsCitation":"Fryklund, V.C., and Fleischer, M., 1963, The abundance of scandium in volcanic rocks, a preliminary estimate: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 27, no. 6, p. 643-664, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(63)90017-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"664","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryklund, Verne Charles Jr.","contributorId":104886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryklund","given":"Verne","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleischer, Michael","contributorId":65835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010784,"text":"70010784 - 1963 - Basalts dredged from the northeastern Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:10:07.143481","indexId":"70010784","displayToPublicDate":"1963-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basalts dredged from the northeastern Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"Volcanic rocks dredged from seamounts, fault ridges, and other major geological features of the northeast Pacific Ocean include a wide variety of basalts. Most of these are vesicular, porphyritic types with near analogues in the Hawaiian and other oceanic islands. in addition, aluminous basalts and diabasic tholeiites impoverished in potassium also occur. There is no simple correlation of composition, degree of oxidation, vesiculation, or hydration of these basalts with texture, or depth of dredge site. Most samples appear to have been extruded at much shallower depths than those now pertaining at the dredge site. the distribution of these basalts suggests that the andesite line coincides with or lies on the continent side of the foot of the continental slope.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.140.3573.1321","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Engel, C., and Engel, A., 1963, Basalts dredged from the northeastern Pacific Ocean: Science, v. 140, no. 3573, p. 1321-1324, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.140.3573.1321.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1321","endPage":"1324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"northern Pacific Ocean","volume":"140","issue":"3573","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc4e4b0c8380cd4a43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, C.G.","contributorId":18489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engel, A.E.J.","contributorId":52246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"A.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010716,"text":"70010716 - 1963 - Radiogenic strontium-87 as an index of geologic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:14:46.378025","indexId":"70010716","displayToPublicDate":"1963-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiogenic strontium-87 as an index of geologic processes","docAbstract":"The abundance of radiogenic Sr87 relative to Sr86 at the time of crystallization has been determined for 45 rocks. The total range in the ratio Sr87/Sr86 is less than 2 percent. Ratios for recent lavas range from 0.702 to 0.711. Oceanic basalts are closely grouped at 0.703, whereas ratios for continental volcanic rocks spread from 0.702 to 0.711. Among the volcanic rocks, ranging from basalt to rhyolite, no correlation was found between original ratio and rock type. Older mafic and felsic rocks that include both plutonic and extrusive types also cover this same range in original Sr87/Sr86 ratios; however, there is a definite trend with geologic time. Precambrian rocks give values as low as 0.700. The data indicate that Sr87/Sr86 of the weathering crust has changed 1.1 percent in 3000 million years, while the ratio in the mantle has changed no more than 0.5 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.140.3572.1214.b","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hedge, C., and Walthall, F., 1963, Radiogenic strontium-87 as an index of geologic processes: Science, v. 140, no. 3572, p. 1214-1217, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.140.3572.1214.b.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1214","endPage":"1217","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3572","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93fbe4b0c8380cd8112c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walthall, F.G.","contributorId":98343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walthall","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221094,"text":"70221094 - 1963 - Sediments from bay St. George, Newfoundland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T19:56:25.047521","indexId":"70221094","displayToPublicDate":"1963-06-01T14:51:08","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediments from bay St. George, Newfoundland","docAbstract":"Sediments cored to a depth of about 1 m in Bay St. George, Newfoundland, were examined for grain‐size distribution and minerals. The sediments are light brown silty clays, the principal minerals of which are chlorite and muscovite mica. The scarce sand consists of fresh detrital grains of blue‐green amphibole, biotite, epidote, zoisite, magnetite, garnet, hypersthene, apatite, chlorite, and scarce zircon. Quartz, plagioclase feldspar, and muscovite are abundant. These minerals are all present in the rocks of the adjacent land areas and have been deposited in the sediments with little alteration or change due to weathering. The clay minerals of the sediments are predominantly muscovite and chlorite with a slight admixture of vermiculite and montmorillonite. There is very little mixed‐layering of these minerals. Montmorillonite may be due to diagenetic changes after deposition of these clays in the marine environment of the bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.1963.tb01208.x","usgsCitation":"Carroll, D., 1963, Sediments from bay St. George, Newfoundland: Sedimentology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1963.tb01208.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland","city":"St. George","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -58.71643066406249,\n 48.381793961204984\n ],\n [\n -58.150634765625,\n 48.381793961204984\n ],\n [\n -58.150634765625,\n 48.505687108189804\n ],\n [\n -58.71643066406249,\n 48.505687108189804\n ],\n [\n -58.71643066406249,\n 48.381793961204984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, Dorothy","contributorId":38534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"Dorothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37743,"text":"37743 - 1963 - Selected list of information leaflets on wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T10:27:12","indexId":"37743","displayToPublicDate":"1963-06-01T10:26:31","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"451","title":"Selected list of information leaflets on wildlife","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1963, Selected list of information leaflets on wildlife (Revises Wildlife Leaflet 437 (1961).): Wildlife Leaflet 451, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet 437 (1961).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffcfdae4b0824b2d176134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175775,"text":"70175775 - 1963 - Graphs of ground-water levels in Minnesota, 1957-1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:30:33","indexId":"70175775","displayToPublicDate":"1963-05-14T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Graphs of ground-water levels in Minnesota, 1957-1961","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Straka, G., and Miller, W.A., 1963, Graphs of ground-water levels in Minnesota, 1957-1961: Bulletin 18, 58 p.","productDescription":"58 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dc0e4b03fd6b7da3731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straka, G.C.","contributorId":173863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Straka","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. A.","contributorId":100007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010791,"text":"70010791 - 1963 - Maskelynite: Formation by explosive shock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T15:45:25.810819","indexId":"70010791","displayToPublicDate":"1963-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maskelynite: Formation by explosive shock","docAbstract":"When high pressure (250 to 300 kilobars) was applied suddenly (shock-loading) to gabbro, the plagioclase was transformed to a noncrystalline phase (maskelynite) by a solid-state reaction at a low temperature, while the proxene remained crystalline. The shock-loaded gabbro resembles meteorites of the shergottite class; this suggests that the latter formed as a result of shock. The shock-loading of gabbro at 600 to 800 kilobars raised the temperature above the melting range of the plagioclase.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.140.3567.670","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Milton, D., and De Carli, P.S., 1963, Maskelynite: Formation by explosive shock: Science, v. 140, no. 3567, p. 670-671.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"670","endPage":"671","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3567","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5243e4b0c8380cd6c2a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Carli, P. S.","contributorId":31520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Carli","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175725,"text":"70175725 - 1963 - Quality of waters, Minnesota--A compilation, 1955-62","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:04:08","indexId":"70175725","displayToPublicDate":"1963-05-06T15:45:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Quality of waters, Minnesota--A compilation, 1955-62","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Maderak, M., 1963, Quality of waters, Minnesota--A compilation, 1955-62: Bulletin 21, 104 p.","productDescription":"104 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc6ae4b03fd6b7d94c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maderak, M.L.","contributorId":41452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maderak","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221072,"text":"70221072 - 1963 - Studies of fluid inclusions iii: Extraction and uantitative analysis of inclusions in the milligram range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:24:34.237717","indexId":"70221072","displayToPublicDate":"1963-05-01T12:21:19","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies of fluid inclusions iii: Extraction and uantitative analysis of inclusions in the milligram range","docAbstract":"A method has been developed for the extraction and chemical microanalysis of individual fluid inclusions, or groups of inclusions, in the milligram range. Usable quantitative analyses for Na, K, Ca, Mg, CI, B, and SO* have been obtained of mineral samples containing several milligrams of inclusion fluid, and with increased experimental errors, on fractional milligram samples. The steps involved are: 1) concentration of inclusions by sample selection and cutting; 2) electrolytic cleaning; 3) crushing in soft copper sample tube in vacuo; 4) conversion of emitted water to hydrogen and determination of its volume; 5) mass spectrometric determination of the D/H ratio if desired; 6) leaching of the crushed mineral to dissolve soluble salts remaining; 7) microanalysis of the filtrate by sensitive colorimetric and flame photometric methods. The method has been applied to determine the composition of fluid inclusions in mineral samples from several types of deposits, with special attention to a series of samples from Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.58.3.353","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., Ingram, B., and Hall, W., 1963, Studies of fluid inclusions iii: Extraction and uantitative analysis of inclusions in the milligram range: Economic Geology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 353-374, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.3.353.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1963-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingram, B.","contributorId":20891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, W. E.","contributorId":6431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221071,"text":"70221071 - 1963 - Epigenetic, diplogenetic, syngenetic, and lithogene deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:20:18.286746","indexId":"70221071","displayToPublicDate":"1963-05-01T12:17:14","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epigenetic, diplogenetic, syngenetic, and lithogene deposits","docAbstract":"Much of the disagreement over \"epigenetic\" And \"Syngenetic\" Deposits Is Semantic; Some Ores And altered rocks are in part syngenetic and in part epigenetic and for them the term \"diplogenetic\" is proposed. All these terms are primarily time terms related to the contemporaneity of the deposit and the enclosing rock, but in a secondary sense they are space terms; they do not, however, imply process of formation or source of the chemical constituents. Process or source terms such as \"magmatic,\" \"hydro-thermal,\" \"sedimentary\" are generally satisfactory, but the process term \"lateral secretion\" is now vague in meaning. A more precise term is needed for the process of mobilization of elements from a solid rock and their transportation and redeposition elsewhere; for this process I propose the term \" lithogene\" (\"stone-born\"), to stress the source and process as do \"magmatic\" and \"sedimentary.\" Such deposits could be derived from syngenetic, diplogenetic, or epigenetic deposits through the action of metamorphic, hydrothermal, supergene or other solutions. If one wishes, however, to emphasize the distance the mobilized elements have moved from the source rock, the resulting deposit can be described best as a locally derived lithogene deposit (\"lateral secretion\"), or as a regionally derived lithogene deposit (\"product of regional metamorphism\"). The classification of many deposits such as epigenetic replacement bodies of magnetite in limestone, and syngenetic gold in recent placers is not controversial; however, where large parts of the mineral deposit are made up both of syngenetic elements and introduced elements, the term \"diplogenetic\" is appropriate. Examples include mineral deposits in which syngenetic cations are united with epigenetic anions, as in fluorite replacements in limestones, or where the reverse relationship holds and epigenetic cations are united to syngenetic sulfur or other anions-as may be true of certain black cupriferous shales of the Mansfeld type. Guides for distinguishing the various types of mineral deposits are discussed at length and include: mineralogy; texture; isotopic composition of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and perhaps other elements; form; age relations; alteration; zoning; position and quantitative adequacy of supposed source rocks; lithology; structural geology; paleogeography; and regional geologic relations. The criteria developed are used in a critical review of several examples of controversial deposits-including the African Copper-belt deposits and those of the graphitic schists of Fenno-Scandia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.58.3.315","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T.S., 1963, Epigenetic, diplogenetic, syngenetic, and lithogene deposits: Economic Geology, v. 58, no. 3, p. 315-331, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.3.315.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1963-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T. S.","contributorId":108085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221060,"text":"70221060 - 1963 - Determination of total sulfur in water by neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T12:45:34.27739","indexId":"70221060","displayToPublicDate":"1963-05-01T11:05:27","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total sulfur in water by neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac60199a033","usgsCitation":"Wayman, C.H., 1963, Determination of total sulfur in water by neutron activation analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 35, no. 6, p. 768-768, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60199a033.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"768","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wayman, C. H.","contributorId":87618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010632,"text":"70010632 - 1963 - Neutron activation analysis of fluid inclusions for copper, manganese, and zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T16:01:25.183803","indexId":"70010632","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neutron activation analysis of fluid inclusions for copper, manganese, and zinc","docAbstract":"Microgram quantities of copper, manganese, and zinc, corresponding to concentrations greater than 100 parts per million, were found in milligram quantities of primary inclusion fluid extracted from samples of quartz and fluorite from two types of ore deposits. The results indicate that neutron activation is a useful analytical method for studying the content of heavy metal in fluid inclusions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.140.3565.401","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Czamanske, G., Roedder, E., and Burns, F., 1963, Neutron activation analysis of fluid inclusions for copper, manganese, and zinc: Science, v. 140, no. 3565, p. 401-403.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"401","endPage":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3565","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6501e4b0c8380cd72acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, F.C.","contributorId":12330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010685,"text":"70010685 - 1963 - Glauconite from the Precambrian belt series, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T15:54:36.750792","indexId":"70010685","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glauconite from the Precambrian belt series, Montana","docAbstract":"Glauconite from the upper part of the Missoula Group of the Belt Series, Flathead County, Montana, has been dated at 1070 million years by potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium analyses. This is the first glauconite of Precambrian age reported in North America.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.140.3565.390","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Gulbrandsen, R.A., Goldich, S., and Thomas, H., 1963, Glauconite from the precambrian belt series, Montana: Science, v. 140, no. 3565, p. 390-391.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Flathead County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.07442097910472,\n 48.99701773220832\n ],\n [\n -116.07442097910472,\n 47.80212064650814\n ],\n [\n -114.18360215485701,\n 47.80212064650814\n ],\n [\n -114.18360215485701,\n 48.99701773220832\n ],\n [\n -116.07442097910472,\n 48.99701773220832\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"140","issue":"3565","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a292ce4b0c8380cd5a707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulbrandsen, R. A.","contributorId":48543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulbrandsen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldich, S. S.","contributorId":65536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldich","given":"S. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, H.H.","contributorId":67530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010684,"text":"70010684 - 1963 - Surface material of the moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T16:05:46.041132","indexId":"70010684","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface material of the moon","docAbstract":"A skeletal fuzz that consists mostly of open space probably covers the moon to a depth of several millimeters or centimeters. The solid part of the fuzz probably consists of randomly oriented linear units, with or without enlarged nodes, which either anastomose in a mesh or are branching.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.140.3563.188","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Warren, C., 1963, Surface material of the moon: Science, v. 140, no. 3563, p. 188-190.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"190","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"140","issue":"3563","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fb2e4b08c986b31e7b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, C.R.","contributorId":80663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220559,"text":"5220559 - 1963 - Band loss by nestling mourning doves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-05T16:24:47.911277","indexId":"5220559","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Band loss by nestling mourning doves","docAbstract":"Nestling mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura) were banded and checked for band loss prior to fledging at Parchman, Mississippi, during the months of June-August, 1960. Three hundred seventy-seven nestlings 4-6 days of age were banded, 117 with size 3 bands, 120 with size 3A bands, and 140 with size 3A bands secured by Dalzoflex tape. Two hundred twenty nestlings 7-9 days of age were banded, 114 with size 3 bands and 106 with size 3A bands. In the 4- to 6-day age group, 66.3 percent of the size 3A bands were lost. This was a statistically significant departure from the 7.7 percent loss of size 3 bands. No taped bands were lost. However, predators ate 13.8 percent of the nestlings with taped bands and significantly fewer of the nestlings banded without tape. In the 4- to 6-day age group, percentages of nestlings known to be available for band recovery at 9 days or older were: size 3, 69.2 percent; size 3A with tape, 59.0 percent; size 3A, 25.8 percent. In the 7-to 9-day age group, there was a 3.3 percent loss of size 3A bands and no loss of size 3 bands. The minimum age at which nestlings were banded without subsequent loss of bands was 6 days for size 3 and 8 days for size 3A.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798406","usgsCitation":"Kaczynski, C., and Kiel, W., 1963, Band loss by nestling mourning doves: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 271-279, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798406.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","city":"Parchman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.5232190621983,\n 33.93805831193443\n ],\n [\n -90.5232190621983,\n 33.9037705024715\n ],\n [\n -90.46893573894609,\n 33.9037705024715\n ],\n [\n -90.46893573894609,\n 33.93805831193443\n ],\n [\n -90.5232190621983,\n 33.93805831193443\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aa3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaczynski, C.F.","contributorId":76804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczynski","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiel, W.H.","contributorId":105395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiel","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220711,"text":"5220711 - 1963 - Annual production by a cottontail population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-05T16:38:55.389063","indexId":"5220711","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual production by a cottontail population","docAbstract":"Adult females in a cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) population produced seven or eight litters during the 1961 breeding season. A synchrony of the conception dates was maintained throughout the breeding season. Data about ovulation rate, prenatal mortality, and litter size for each litter are presented. The first litter was smallest, averaging about three young, and the remaining litters ranged between five and six young. The last four litters may be slightly smaller than the second and third litters of the season. The total annual production of young by an adult female would be approximately 35.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798394","usgsCitation":"Conaway, C., Wight, H.M., and Sadler, K., 1963, Annual production by a cottontail population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 171-175, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798394.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487084,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3798394","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"James A. Reed Memorial Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.34436516347381,\n 38.894310494424786\n ],\n [\n -94.34436516347381,\n 38.8510297067848\n ],\n [\n -94.30464552249138,\n 38.8510297067848\n ],\n [\n -94.30464552249138,\n 38.894310494424786\n ],\n [\n -94.34436516347381,\n 38.894310494424786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, C.N.","contributorId":18082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wight, H. M.","contributorId":10497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wight","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sadler, K.C.","contributorId":26667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadler","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221078,"text":"70221078 - 1963 - Overlapping of late mesozoic orogens in western Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:57:50.73863","indexId":"70221078","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-01T12:53:24","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overlapping of late mesozoic orogens in western Idaho","docAbstract":"Early formed rocks of the border zone of the Idaho batholith are thrust westward over the low-grade metavolcanic rocks of the Seven Devils Mountains. Late intrusions of the border zone cut out upper plate rocks and contact-metamorphose lower plate rocks. Granitic intrusions in the Seven Devils complex are metamorphosed near the border zone of the Idaho batholith. Such relationships are interpreted in the light of a regional synthesis to indicate the overlapping and oblique truncation of the eastern part of a belt deformed largely during Jurassic time by the western part of a tectonic belt active during early stages of the middle Cretaceous events that produced the Idaho batholith.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[779:OOLMOI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, W., 1963, Overlapping of late mesozoic orogens in western Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, no. 6, p. 779-787, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[779:OOLMOI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"787","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -116.47705078125,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 44.32384807250689\n ],\n [\n -117.09228515624999,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -111.11572265625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -112.30224609374999,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -113.09326171875,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -113.88427734374999,\n 45.69083283645816\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 46.694667307773116\n ],\n [\n -115.86181640625001,\n 47.73932336136857\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 48.004625021133904\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 48.96579381461063\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Warren","contributorId":14819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221073,"text":"70221073 - 1963 - Studies of fluid inclusions; [Part] 2, Freezing data and their interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:30:35.930425","indexId":"70221073","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-01T12:28:03","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies of fluid inclusions; [Part] 2, Freezing data and their interpretation","docAbstract":"Aqueous and non-aqueous inclusions in 84 samples of various minerals from a wide range of geologic environments were studied with the freezing stage in order to gain an insight into the range of concentrations and compositions of fluid inclusions. Inclusions in most Mississippi Valley-type ore minerals contain highly concentrated saline solutions, showing freezing temperatures between -23.4° and -10.5° C; minerals from ore deposits of more typically hydrothermal affiliations mainly show temperatures of -9.4° to nearly 0° C; and inclusions in quartz crystals from sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rock environments show a wide range of freezing temperatures. Inclusions in pegmatite minerals in particular vary over a wide range, from the most concentrated solutions found in any inclusion (> 40% salts) to fairly dilute solutions (< 5% salts). Most inclusions in quartz from Swiss Alpine-type veins, and from Brazilian quartz veins and pegmatites, show freezing temperatures in the range -8.5° to -2.5°, and considerable free C02. Other geologic environments sampled include Colombian emerald, pegmatitic topaz and fluorite, the Triassic traprock zeolite assemblage, and sedimentary halite beds. Not all the phenomena exhibited by inclusions at low temperature are completely understood at present but several crystalline hydrate phases, such as NaCl-2H,0 and CO,-5%H,0 (structural formula 8C02-46H20), are shown to be stable in inclusions of appropriate composition even at temperatures above 0° C, and probably exist in the inclusions in natural rocks in polar regions. More significantly, the formation and recognition of such phases aid in establishing the gross composition of individual inclusions far too small for chemical analysis. The data obtained are useful in a variety of ways, such as: discriminating among gas, liquid, and supercritical fluid, and among liquid water, liquid oil, and liquid C02 in inclusions; improving precision of the pressure corrections applied to inclusion filling temperature determinations; proving the general lack of leakage into or out of inclusions; estimating the minimum pressure at the time of deposition of certain samples; verifying the lack of extraneous solid crystallization nuclei in the inclusions and hence their formation from exceedingly quiet, clean solutions; determining the total equivalent NaCl concentrations and some information concerning the composition of the fluids from which ores have formed; and determining changes in the composition of the fluids bathing a single crystal during its growth, and at certain times throughout its history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.58.2.167","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1963, Studies of fluid inclusions; [Part] 2, Freezing data and their interpretation: Economic Geology, v. 58, no. 2, p. 167-211, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.58.2.167.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1963-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014450,"text":"1014450 - 1963 - Toxicity tests of erythromycin thiocyanate in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T15:51:44.966482","indexId":"1014450","displayToPublicDate":"1963-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity tests of erythromycin thiocyanate in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1963)25[88:TTOETI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Warren, J., 1963, Toxicity tests of erythromycin thiocyanate in rainbow trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 25, no. 2, p. 88-92, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1963)25[88:TTOETI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warren, J.W.","contributorId":20285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70198441,"text":"70198441 - 1963 - Coral growth and geochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T10:56:26","indexId":"70198441","displayToPublicDate":"1963-03-09T07:17:28","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coral growth and geochronometry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/197948a0","usgsCitation":"Wells, J., 1963, Coral growth and geochronometry: Nature, v. 197, p. 948-950, https://doi.org/10.1038/197948a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"948","endPage":"950","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, J.W.","contributorId":10082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010630,"text":"70010630 - 1963 - Geothermal brine well: Mile-deep drill hole may tap ore-bearing magmatic water and rocks undergoing metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T16:29:47.121403","indexId":"70010630","displayToPublicDate":"1963-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geothermal brine well: Mile-deep drill hole may tap ore-bearing magmatic water and rocks undergoing metamorphism","docAbstract":"A deep geothermal well in California has tapped a very saline brine extraordinarily high in heavy metals and other rare elements; copper and silver are precipitated during brine production. Preliminary evidence suggests that the brine may be pure magmatic water and an active ore-forming solution. Metamorphism of relatively young rocks may also be occurring within accessible depths.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.139.3558.919","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"White, D., Anderson, E., and Grubbs, D., 1963, Geothermal brine well: Mile-deep drill hole may tap ore-bearing magmatic water and rocks Undergoing Metamorphism: Science, v. 139, no. 3558, p. 919-922.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"922","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.35833009199186,\n 41.92267234102607\n ],\n [\n -124.82267524623933,\n 40.77876112732989\n ],\n [\n -123.32762724490286,\n 37.07156994461869\n ],\n [\n -120.07531410012949,\n 33.03699572297022\n ],\n [\n -117.36160626955325,\n 32.503385963168625\n ],\n [\n -114.59741427971602,\n 32.744584528523106\n ],\n [\n -114.49350453241671,\n 33.59775702209137\n ],\n [\n -114.11681520286865,\n 34.321044739732756\n ],\n [\n -114.31835152514394,\n 34.83342016839895\n ],\n [\n -119.97715136272916,\n 38.98563563041786\n ],\n [\n -119.96983102849805,\n 42.03687795072952\n ],\n [\n -124.35833009199186,\n 41.92267234102607\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"139","issue":"3558","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28cbe4b0c8380cd5a3f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, D. E.","contributorId":20729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":359298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, E.T.","contributorId":30750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grubbs, D.K.","contributorId":22086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010785,"text":"70010785 - 1963 - Nuclear explosions: Some geologic effects of the gnome shot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T16:21:43.50821","indexId":"70010785","displayToPublicDate":"1963-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear explosions: Some geologic effects of the gnome shot","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.139.3558.911","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Gard, L.M., 1963, Nuclear explosions: Some geologic effects of the gnome shot: Science, v. 139, no. 3558, p. 911-914.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"914","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"139","issue":"3558","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68c3e4b0c8380cd739b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gard, L. M.","contributorId":91507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}