{"pageNumber":"674","pageRowStart":"16825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70041965,"text":"70041965 - 2013 - The influence of global climate change on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC international workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:19:10","indexId":"70041965","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of global climate change on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC international workshop","docAbstract":"This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) international workshop titled “The Influence of Global Climate Change on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.” The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global climate change influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global climate change [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) climate change can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to climate change; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.2037","usgsCitation":"Stahl, R.G., Hooper, M.J., Balbus, J.M., Clements, W., Fritz, A., Gouin, T., Helm, R., Hickey, C., Landis, W., and Moe, S.J., 2013, The influence of global climate change on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC international workshop: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 1, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2037.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-034497","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264784,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2037"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e508b9e4b0e8fec6cea1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, Ralph G. Jr.","contributorId":57745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"Ralph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Michael J. 0000-0002-4161-8961 mhooper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-8961","contributorId":3251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Michael","email":"mhooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balbus, John M.","contributorId":21844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balbus","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clements, William","contributorId":82596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritz, Alyce","contributorId":27766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Alyce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gouin, Todd","contributorId":36443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gouin","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Helm, Roger","contributorId":42115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helm","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hickey, Christopher","contributorId":77021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Landis, Wayne","contributorId":97796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moe, S. Jannicke","contributorId":12351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jannicke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70042143,"text":"70042143 - 2013 - CO2 uptake and ecophysiological parameters of the grain crops of midcontinent North America: estimates from flux tower measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T15:14:45","indexId":"70042143","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 uptake and ecophysiological parameters of the grain crops of midcontinent North America: estimates from flux tower measurements","docAbstract":"We analyzed net CO2 exchange data from 13 flux tower sites with 27 site-years of measurements over maize and wheat fields across midcontinent North America. A numerically robust “light-soil temperature-VPD”-based method was used to partition the data into photosynthetic assimilation and ecosystem respiration components. Year-round ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameters of apparent quantum yield, photosynthetic capacity, convexity of the light response, respiration rate parameters, ecological light-use efficiency, and the curvature of the VPD-response of photosynthesis for maize and wheat crops were numerically identified and interpolated/extrapolated. This allowed us to gap-fill CO2 exchange components and calculate annual totals and budgets. VPD-limitation of photosynthesis was systematically observed in grain crops of the region (occurring from 20 to 120 days during the growing season, depending on site and year), determined by the VPD regime and the numerical value of the curvature parameter of the photosynthesis-VPD-response, σVPD. In 78% of the 27 site-years of observations, annual gross photosynthesis in these crops significantly exceeded ecosystem respiration, resulting in a net ecosystem production of up to 2100 g CO2 m−2 year−1. The measurement-based photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production data, as well as the estimates of the ecophysiological parameters, provide an empirical basis for parameterization and validation of mechanistic models of grain crop production in this economically and ecologically important region of North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.017","usgsCitation":"Gilmanov, T., Wylie, B., Tieszen, L., Meyers, T.P., Baron, V.S., Bernacchi, C.J., Billesbach, D.P., Burba, G.G., Fischer, M.L., Glenn, A.J., Hanan, N., Hatfield, J.L., Heuer, M., Hollinger, S.E., Howard, D., Matamala, R., Prueger, J.H., Tenuta, M., and Young, D.G., 2013, CO2 uptake and ecophysiological parameters of the grain crops of midcontinent North America: estimates from flux tower measurements: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 164, p. 162-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.017.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"175","ipdsId":"IP-037756","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264830,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.017"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 177.1,5.6 ], [ 177.1,85.4 ], [ -4.0,85.4 ], [ -4.0,5.6 ], [ 177.1,5.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"164","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe6e4b0a4aa5bb0ae94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmanov, Tagir","contributorId":6351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"Tagir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":107996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry","contributorId":63907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyers, Tilden P.","contributorId":146138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Tilden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16598,"text":"NOAA/ATDD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baron, Vern S.","contributorId":77019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Vern","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bernacchi, Carl J.","contributorId":26206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernacchi","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Billesbach, David P.","contributorId":29715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billesbach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burba, George G.","contributorId":38449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burba","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fischer, Marc L.","contributorId":47265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Glenn, Aaron J.","contributorId":51178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hanan, Niall P.","contributorId":86667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanan","given":"Niall P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hatfield, Jerry L.","contributorId":71082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Heuer, Mark W.","contributorId":34009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heuer","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hollinger, Steven E.","contributorId":107588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollinger","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Howard, Daniel M. 0000-0002-7563-7538","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-7538","contributorId":97795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Matamala, Roser","contributorId":85063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matamala","given":"Roser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Prueger, John H.","contributorId":87046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prueger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tenuta, Mario","contributorId":65740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenuta","given":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Young, David G.","contributorId":99019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70124924,"text":"70124924 - 2013 - Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: an experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T13:58:32.699946","indexId":"70124924","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-25T08:50:43","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: an experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success","docAbstract":"

Birds are often the most numerous vertebrates damaged and rehabilitated in marine oil spills; however, the efficacy of avian rehabilitation is frequently debated and rarely examined experimentally. We compared survival of three radio-marked treatment groups, oiled, rehabilitated (ORHB), un-oiled, rehabilitated (RHB), and un-oiled, non-rehabilitated (CON), in an experimental approach to examine post-release survival of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) following the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan spill in San Francisco Bay. Live encounter-dead recovery modeling indicated that survival differed among treatment groups and over time since release. The survival estimate (±SE) for ORHB was 0.143 ± 0.107 compared to CON (0.498 ± 0.168) and RHB groups (0.772 ± 0.229), suggesting scoters tolerated the rehabilitation process itself well, but oiling resulted in markedly lower survival. Future efforts to understand the physiological effects of oil type and severity on scoters are needed to improve post-release survival of this species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.027","usgsCitation":"De La Cruz, S.E., Takekawa, J.Y., Spragens, K., Yee, J., Golightly, R.T., Massey, G., Henkel, L.A., Larsen, S., and Ziccardi, M., 2013, Post-release survival of surf scoters following an oil spill: an experimental approach to evaluating rehabilitation success: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 67, no. 1-2, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.027.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-039784","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.522833,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,38.144192 ], [ -122.036897,37.445189 ], [ -122.522833,37.445189 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"67","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b24e4b082fed288b944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De La Cruz, Susan E. W. 0000-0001-6315-0864 sdelacruz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-0864","contributorId":76239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De La Cruz","given":"Susan","email":"sdelacruz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spragens, Kyle A.","contributorId":98452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spragens","given":"Kyle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie","contributorId":10343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Golightly, Richard T.","contributorId":56783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golightly","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":500962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Massey, Greg","contributorId":93411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henkel, Laird A.","contributorId":84288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkel","given":"Laird","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Larsen, Scott","contributorId":30929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ziccardi, Michael","contributorId":27806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziccardi","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70042064,"text":"70042064 - 2013 - Projected surface radiative forcing due to 2000--2050 land-cover land-use albedo change over the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T08:45:42","indexId":"70042064","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2366,"text":"Journal of Land Change Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected surface radiative forcing due to 2000--2050 land-cover land-use albedo change over the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Satellite-derived contemporary land-cover land-use (LCLU) and albedo data and modeled future LCLU are used to study the impact of LCLU change from 2000 to 2050 on surface albedo and radiative forcing for 19 ecoregions in the eastern United States. The modeled 2000–2050 LCLU changes indicate a future decrease in both agriculture and forested land and an increase in developed land that induces ecoregion radiative forcings ranging from −0.175 to 0.432 W m−2 driven predominately by differences in the area and type of LCLU change. At the regional scale, these projected LCLU changes induce a net negative albedo decrease (−0.001) and a regional positive radiative forcing of 0.112 W m−2. This overall positive forcing (i.e., warming) is almost 4 times greater than that estimated for documented 1973–2000 LCLU albedo change published in a previous study using the same methods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Land Change Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/1747423X.2012.667453","usgsCitation":"Barnes, C., Roy, D.P., and Loveland, T., 2013, Projected surface radiative forcing due to 2000--2050 land-cover land-use albedo change over the eastern United States: Journal of Land Change Science, v. 8, no. 4, p. 369-382, https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2012.667453.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"382","ipdsId":"IP-029007","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423x.2012.667453","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264751,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2012.667453"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e492dbe4b0e8fec6cd8b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Christopher A. 0000-0002-4608-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":92793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, David P.","contributorId":71083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039846,"text":"70039846 - 2013 - A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-12T16:23:26","indexId":"70039846","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates","docAbstract":"1. Impermeable barriers to migration can greatly constrain the set of possible routes and ranges used by migrating animals. For ungulates, however, many forms of development are semi-permeable, and making informed management decisions about their potential impacts to the persistence of migration routes is difficult because our knowledge of how semi-permeable barriers affect migratory behaviour and function is limited. 2. Here, we propose a general framework to advance the understanding of barrier effects on ungulate migration by emphasizing the need to (i) quantify potential barriers in terms that allow behavioural thresholds to be considered, (ii) identify and measure behavioural responses to semi-permeable barriers and (iii) consider the functional attributes of the migratory landscape (e.g. stopovers) and how the benefits of migration might be reduced by behavioural changes. 3. We used global position system (GPS) data collected from two subpopulations of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus to evaluate how different levels of gas development influenced migratory behaviour, including movement rates and stopover use at the individual level, and intensity of use and width of migration route at the population level. We then characterized the functional landscape of migration routes as either stopover habitat or movement corridors and examined how the observed behavioural changes affected the functionality of the migration route in terms of stopover use. 4. We found migratory behaviour to vary with development intensity. Our results suggest that mule deer can migrate through moderate levels of development without any noticeable effects on migratory behaviour. However, in areas with more intensive development, animals often detoured from established routes, increased their rate of movement and reduced stopover use, while the overall use and width of migration routes decreased. 5. Synthesis and applications. In contrast to impermeable barriers that impede animal movement, semi-permeable barriers allow animals to maintain connectivity between their seasonal ranges. Our results identify the mechanisms (e.g. detouring, increased movement rates, reduced stopover use) by which semi-permeable barriers affect the functionality of ungulate migration routes and emphasize that the management of semi-permeable barriers may play a key role in the conservation of migratory ungulate populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12013","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, H., Kauffman, M., Middleton, A., Morrison, T.A., Nielson, R.M., and Wyckoff, T.B., 2013, A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 68-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-039279","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264117,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12013"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b6ee4b08b071e771b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, Hall","contributorId":39930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":2963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Arthur D.","contributorId":99440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Arthur D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrison, Thomas A.","contributorId":72277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nielson, Ryan M.","contributorId":78971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":467050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wyckoff, Teal B.","contributorId":62902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyckoff","given":"Teal","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041727,"text":"70041727 - 2013 - Assessing the state of knowledge of utility-scale wind energy development and operation on non-volant terrestrial and marine wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T20:16:03","indexId":"70041727","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":832,"text":"Applied Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the state of knowledge of utility-scale wind energy development and operation on non-volant terrestrial and marine wildlife","docAbstract":"A great deal has been published in the scientific literature regarding the effects of wind energy development and operation on volant (flying) wildlife including birds and bats, although knowledge of how to mitigate negative impacts is still imperfect. We reviewed the peer-reviewed scientific literature for information on the known and potential effects of utility-scale wind energy development and operation (USWEDO) on terrestrial and marine non-volant wildlife and found that very little has been published on the topic. Following a similar review for solar energy we identified known and potential effects due to construction and eventual decommissioning of wind energy facilities. Many of the effects are similar and include direct mortality, environmental impacts of destruction and modification of habitat including impacts of roads, and offsite impacts related to construction material acquisition, processing and transportation. Known and potential effects due to operation and maintenance of facilities include habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow, as well as effects due to noise, vibration and shadow flicker, electromagnetic field generation, macro- and micro-climate change, predator attraction, and increased fire risk. The scarcity of before-after-control-impact studies hinders the ability to rigorously quantify the effects of USWEDO on non-volant wildlife. We conclude that more empirical data are currently needed to fully assess the impact of USWEDO on non-volant wildlife.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Energy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.001","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., and Ennen, J., 2013, Assessing the state of knowledge of utility-scale wind energy development and operation on non-volant terrestrial and marine wildlife: Applied Energy, v. 103, p. 52-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-038151","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263938,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.001"},{"id":264019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5764e4b09e092d6f03d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041769,"text":"70041769 - 2013 - Responses of riparian reptile communities to damming and urbanization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T14:15:28","indexId":"70041769","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of riparian reptile communities to damming and urbanization","docAbstract":"Various anthropogenic pressures, including habitat loss, threaten reptile populations worldwide. Riparian zones are critical habitat for many reptile species, but these habitats are also frequently modified by anthropogenic activities. Our study investigated the effects of two riparian habitat modifications-damming and urbanization-on overall and species-specific reptile occupancy patterns. We used time-constrained search techniques to compile encounter histories for 28 reptile species at 21 different sites along the Broad and Pacolet Rivers of South Carolina. Using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis, we modeled reptile occupancy responses to a site's distance upstream from dam, distance downstream from dam, and percent urban land use. The mean occupancy response by the reptile community indicated that reptile occupancy and species richness were maximized when sites were farther upstream from dams. Species-specific occupancy estimates showed a similar trend of lower occupancy immediately upstream from dams. Although the mean occupancy response of the reptile community was positively related to distance downstream from dams, the occupancy response to distance downstream varied among species. Percent urban land use had little effect on the occupancy response of the reptile community or individual species. Our results indicate that the conditions of impoundments and subsequent degradation of the riparian zones upstream from dams may not provide suitable habitat for a number of reptile species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.035","usgsCitation":"Hunt, S.D., Guzy, J., Price, S.J., Halstead, B., Eskew, E.A., and Dorcas, M.E., 2013, Responses of riparian reptile communities to damming and urbanization: Biological Conservation, v. 157, p. 277-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.035.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-040614","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263985,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.035"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina;South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Broad River;Pacolet River","volume":"157","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb581ee4b09e092d6f0422","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Stephanie D.","contributorId":58532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzy, Jacquelyn C.","contributorId":9146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzy","given":"Jacquelyn C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, Steven J. 0000-0002-2388-0579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-0579","contributorId":57738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eskew, Evan A.","contributorId":56126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eskew","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dorcas, Michael E.","contributorId":100515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorcas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12984,"text":"Department of Biology, Davidson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041741,"text":"70041741 - 2013 - Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-16T11:28:06","indexId":"70041741","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Widespread tree mortality events have recently been observed in several biomes. To effectively quantify the severity and extent of these events, tools that allow for rapid assessment at the landscape scale are required. Past studies using high spatial resolution satellite imagery have primarily focused on detecting green, red, and gray tree canopies during and shortly after tree damage or mortality has occurred. However, detecting trees in various stages of death is not always possible due to limited availability of archived satellite imagery. Here we assess the capability of high spatial resolution satellite imagery for tree mortality detection in a southwestern U.S. mixed species woodland using archived satellite images acquired prior to mortality and well after dead trees had dropped their leaves. We developed a multistep classification approach that uses: supervised masking of non-tree image elements; bi-temporal (pre- and post-mortality) differencing of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red:green ratio (RGI); and unsupervised multivariate clustering of pixels into live and dead tree classes using a Gaussian mixture model. Classification accuracies were improved in a final step by tuning the rules of pixel classification using the posterior probabilities of class membership obtained from the Gaussian mixture model. Classifications were produced for two images acquired post-mortality with overall accuracies of 97.9% and 98.5%, respectively. Classified images were combined with land cover data to characterize the spatiotemporal characteristics of tree mortality across areas with differences in tree species composition. We found that 38% of tree crown area was lost during the drought period between 2002 and 2006. The majority of tree mortality during this period was concentrated in piñon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma) woodlands. An additional 20% of the tree canopy died or was removed between 2006 and 2011, primarily in areas experiencing wildfire and management activity. -Our results demonstrate that unsupervised clustering of bi-temporal NDVI and RGI differences can be used to detect tree mortality resulting from numerous causes and in several forest cover types.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.029","usgsCitation":"Garrity, S.R., Allen, C.D., Brumby, S.P., Gangodagamage, C., McDowell, N.G., and Cai, D.M., 2013, Quantifying tree mortality in a mixed species woodland using multitemporal high spatial resolution satellite imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 129, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.029.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-041894","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c8561ee4b03bc63bd679ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Steven R.","contributorId":43648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumby, Steven P.","contributorId":31276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumby","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gangodagamage, Chandana","contributorId":60922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangodagamage","given":"Chandana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDowell, Nate G.","contributorId":46839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nate","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cai, D. Michael","contributorId":81383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70041615,"text":"70041615 - 2013 - Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for predicting multiple forest variables using waveform LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, and large inventory datasets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T21:00:49","indexId":"70041615","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for predicting multiple forest variables using waveform LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, and large inventory datasets","docAbstract":"In this paper we detail a multivariate spatial regression model that couples LiDAR, hyperspectral and forest inventory data to predict forest outcome variables at a high spatial resolution. The proposed model is used to analyze forest inventory data collected on the US Forest Service Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF), ME, USA. In addition to helping meet the regression model's assumptions, results from the PEF analysis suggest that the addition of multivariate spatial random effects improves model fit and predictive ability, compared with two commonly applied modeling approaches. This improvement results from explicitly modeling the covariation among forest outcome variables and spatial dependence among observations through the random effects. Direct application of such multivariate models to even moderately large datasets is often computationally infeasible because of cubic order matrix algorithms involved in estimation. We apply a spatial dimension reduction technique to help overcome this computational hurdle without sacrificing richness in modeling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007","usgsCitation":"Finley, A., Banerjee, S., Cook, B.D., and Bradford, J.B., 2013, Hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for predicting multiple forest variables using waveform LiDAR, hyperspectral imagery, and large inventory datasets: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 22, p. 147-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-032166","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263867,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.04.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot Experimental Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.08,42.97 ], [ -71.08,47.46 ], [ -66.95,47.46 ], [ -66.95,42.97 ], [ -71.08,42.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c4618be4b0e44331d0716c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banerjee, Sudipto","contributorId":73894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerjee","given":"Sudipto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Bruce D.","contributorId":75402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041492,"text":"70041492 - 2013 - Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T20:57:43","indexId":"70041492","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range","docAbstract":"Continued changes in climate are projected to alter the geographic distributions of plant species, in part by affecting where individuals can establish from seed. We tested the hypothesis that warming promotes uphill redistribution of subalpine tree populations by reducing cold limitation at high elevation and enhancing drought stress at low elevation. We seeded limber pine (Pinus flexilis) into plots with combinations of infrared heating and water addition treatments, at sites positioned in lower subalpine forest, the treeline ecotone, and alpine tundra. In 2010, first-year seedlings were assessed for physiological performance and survival over the snow-free growing season. Seedlings emerged in midsummer, about 5–8 weeks after snowmelt. Low temperature was not observed to limit seedling photosynthesis or respiration between emergence and October, and thus experimental warming did not appear to reduce cold limitation at high elevation. Instead, gas exchange and water potential from all sites indicated a prevailing effect of summer moisture stress on photosynthesis and carbon balance. Infrared heaters raised soil growing degree days (base 5 °C, p < 0.001) and August–September mean soil temperature (p < 0.001). Despite marked differences in vegetation cover and meteorological conditions across sites, volumetric soil moisture content (θ) at 5–10 cm below 0.16 and 0.08 m3 m-3 consistently corresponded with moderate and severe indications of drought stress in midday stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and respiration. Seedling survival was greater in watered plots than in heated plots (p = 0.01), and negatively related to soil growing degree days and duration of exposure to θ < 0.08 m3 m-3 in a stepwise linear regression model (p < 0.0001). We concluded that seasonal moisture stress and high soil surface temperature imposed a strong limitation to limber pine seedling establishment across a broad elevation gradient, including at treeline, and that these limitations are likely to be enhanced by further climate warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0","usgsCitation":"Moyes, A.B., Castanha, C., Germino, M., and Kueppers, L.M., 2013, Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range: Oecologia, v. 171, no. 1, p. 271-282, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"282","ipdsId":"IP-037110","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2410-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Niwot Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.1952,39.8473 ], [ -106.1952,40.9977 ], [ -105.1904,40.9977 ], [ -105.1904,39.8473 ], [ -106.1952,39.8473 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"171","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31043e4b0b57f2415d1aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyes, Andrew B.","contributorId":66981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyes","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castanha, Cristina","contributorId":104787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castanha","given":"Cristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kueppers, Lara M.","contributorId":89778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kueppers","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6670,"text":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16805,"text":"University of California, Merced","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041369,"text":"70041369 - 2013 - Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T11:45:22","indexId":"70041369","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity","docAbstract":"Indices of biological integrity of wetlands based on vascular plants (VIBIs) have been developed in many areas in the USA. Knowledge of the best predictors of VIBIs would enable management agencies to make better decisions regarding mitigation site selection and performance monitoring criteria. We use a novel statistical technique to develop predictive models for an established index of wetland vegetation integrity (Ohio VIBI), using as independent variables 20 indices and metrics of habitat quality, wetland disturbance, and buffer area land use from 149 wetlands in Ohio, USA. For emergent and forest wetlands, predictive models explained 61% and 54% of the variability, respectively, in Ohio VIBI scores. In both cases the most important predictor of Ohio VIBI score was a metric that assessed habitat alteration and development in the wetland. Of secondary importance as a predictor was a metric that assessed microtopography, interspersion, and quality of vegetation communities in the wetland. Metrics and indices assessing disturbance and land use of the buffer area were generally poor predictors of Ohio VIBI scores. Our results suggest that vegetation integrity of emergent and forest wetlands could be most directly enhanced by minimizing substrate and habitat disturbance within the wetland. Such efforts could include reducing or eliminating any practices that disturb the soil profile, such as nutrient enrichment from adjacent farm land, mowing, grazing, or cutting or removing woody plants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Mack, J., Adams, J.V., Gara, B., and Micacchion, M., 2013, Disturbance metrics predict a wetland Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity: Ecological Indicators, v. 24, p. 120-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-038434","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263671,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.009"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb876e4b01744973f7792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, John","contributorId":47665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gara, Brian","contributorId":52061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gara","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Micacchion, Mick","contributorId":21511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micacchion","given":"Mick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70056383,"text":"70056383 - 2013 - Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T15:05:12.405412","indexId":"70056383","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T09:34:18","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"

A world-class, rare earth element carbonatite deposit is located near Mountain Pass, in the eastern Mojave Desert of California and is hosted by Proterozoic rocks that extend along the eastern margins of the Clark Mountain Range, Mescal Range, and Ivanpah Mountains in a north-northwest trending fault-bounded block. This Proterozoic block is generally composed of a complex of 1.7 - 1.6 Ga gneisses and schists that are intruded by ~1.4 Ga carbonatite and ultrapotassic mafic dikes. In the latter suite, common intrusive rock types include shonkinite, syenite, and alkali granites that are associated with carbonatite dikes. Regional geophysical data reveal that the carbonatite deposit itself occurs along the northeast edge of a prominent magnetic high with an amplitude of 200 nanoteslas, which appears to be related to the surrounding Proterozoic block. More than 340 gravity stations and 155 physical property samples were collected to augment existing geophysical data to determine the geophysical and geologic setting of the eastern Mojave Desert carbonatite terrane. Physical properties of representative rock types in the area show that 23 samples of carbonatite ore have an average saturated bulk density of 2,866 with a range of 2,440 to 3,192 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.22 with a range of 0.03 to 0.61x 10-3 SI units, 17 samples of syenite have an average saturated bulk density of 2,670 with a range of 2,555 to 2,788 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 3.50 with a range of 0.19 to 11.46 x 10-3 SI units, 19 samples of shonkinite dike have an average saturated bulk density of 2,800 with a range of 2,603 to 3,000 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 0.71 with a range of 0.00 to 4.44 x 10-3 SI units, and 28 samples of Proterozoic gneiss have an average saturated bulk density of 2,734 with a range of 2,574 to 3,086 kg/m3 and a magnetic susceptibility of 1.23 with a range of 0.01 to 7.48 x 10-3 SI units. In general, carbonatites have distinctive gravity, magnetic, and radiometric signatures because these deposits are relatively dense, have primary magnetite, and are enriched in thorium or uranium. In this case, because the carbonatite rocks in this Proterozoic terrane are themselves essentially nonmagnetic, they are not the source of the magnetic high associated with the Clark Mountain and Mescal Ranges. Instead, we suggest that weakly to moderately magnetic syenite intrusions or other granitic or metamorphic rocks in the region are the source of the magnetic high. Gravity data indicate that basins within the eastern Mojave carbonatite terrane are complicated. For example, a gravity high in the northern part of Ivanapah Valley suggest that the basin is underlain by shallow basement rocks, whereas the southern part of Ivanpah Valley extends to a depth of about 2 km. Combined gravity, magnetic, and geologic studies improve the current geophysical framework and structural interpretation of the eastern Mojave Desert carbonatite terrane.

","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union 45th Annual Fall Meeting","conferenceDate":"December 12, 2012","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Denton, K.M., and Miller, D., 2013, Regional geophysical expression of a carbonatite terrane in the eastern Mojave Desert, California.","ipdsId":"IP-051611","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b7fe4b014fc094d5471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, Kevin M. 0000-0001-9604-4021 kmdenton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":5303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","email":"kmdenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041053,"text":"70041053 - 2013 - Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:48:36","indexId":"70041053","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins","docAbstract":"Thermokarst lakes and drained lake basins are widespread in Arctic and sub-Arctic permafrost lowlands with ice-rich sediments. Thermokarst lake formation is a dominant mode of permafrost degradation and is linked to surface disturbance, subsequent melting of ground ice, surface subsidence, water impoundment, and positive feedbacks between lake growth and permafrost thaw, whereas lake drainage generally results in local permafrost aggradation. Thermokarst lakes characteristically have unique limnological, morphological, and biogeochemical characteristics that are closely tied to cold-climate conditions and permafrost properties. Thermokarst lakes also have a tendency toward complete or partial drainage through permafrost degradation and erosion. Thermokarst lake dynamics strongly affect the development of landscape geomorphology, hydrology, and the habitat characteristic of permafrost lowlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5","isbn":"978-0-12-374739-6","usgsCitation":"Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., and Arp, C.D., 2013, Thermokarst lakes, drainage, and drained basins, chap. of Treatise on Geomorphology, v. 8, p. 325-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"29","ipdsId":"IP-035844","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00216-5"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,22.7 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,22.7 ], [ -180.0,22.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78e5e4b0b2908510c74c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shroder, John F.","contributorId":113549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroder","given":"John F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509105,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003347,"text":"70003347 - 2013 - Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high elevation drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-28T14:53:18.662585","indexId":"70003347","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high elevation drainages","docAbstract":"
    \n
  1. Heavy herbivory by ungulates can substantially alter habitat, but the indirect consequences of habitat modification for animal assemblages that rely on that habitat are not well studied. This is a particularly important topic given that climate change can alter plant–herbivore interactions.
    2. \n
  2. We explored short-term responses of small mammal communities to recent exclusion of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) in high-elevation riparian drainages in northern Arizona, where elk impacts on vegetation have increased over the past quarter century associated with climate change. We used 10-ha elk exclosures paired with unfenced control drainages to examine how browsing influenced the habitat use, relative abundance, richness and diversity of a small mammal assemblage.
    3. \n
  3. We found that the small mammal assemblage changed significantly after 5 years of elk exclusion. Relative abundance of voles (Microtus mexicanus) increased in exclosure drainages, likely due to an increase in habitat quality. The relative abundances of woodrats (Neotoma neomexicana) and two species of mice (Peromyscus maniculatus and P. boylii) decreased in the controls, while remaining stable in exclosures. The decline of mice in control drainages was likely due to the decline in shrub cover that they use. Thus, elk exclusion may have maintained or improved habitat for mice inside the exclosures while habitat quality and mouse abundance both declined outside the fences. Finally, small mammal species richness increased in the exclosures relative to the controls while species diversity showed no significant trends.
    4. \n
  4. Together, our results show that relaxation of heavy herbivore pressure by a widespread native ungulate can lead to rapid changes in small mammal assemblages. Moreover, exclusion of large herbivores can yield rapid responses by vegetation that may enhance or maintain habitat quality for small mammal populations.
    5. \n
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12009","usgsCitation":"Parsons, E.W., Maron, J.L., and Martin, T.E., 2013, Elk herbivory alters small mammal assemblages in high elevation drainages: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 82, no. 2, p. 459-467, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025099","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Coconino National Forest, Mogollon Rim","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.98976790224913,\n 34.66631325715505\n ],\n [\n -110.94535514940115,\n 34.778258341216784\n ],\n [\n -111.30657887256514,\n 35.39847998439305\n ],\n [\n -111.59082049079217,\n 35.369512581770564\n ],\n [\n -111.47534733338763,\n 34.75150265561764\n ],\n [\n -111.1437321121223,\n 34.617594225628736\n ],\n [\n -110.98976790224913,\n 34.66631325715505\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5120b871e4b0e93254cd7543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Elliott W.R.","contributorId":49681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Elliott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maron, John L.","contributorId":103936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maron","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208416,"text":"70208416 - 2013 - An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-09T13:33:46","indexId":"70208416","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-18T13:31:30","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1550,"text":"Environmental Modeling & Assessment","onlineIssn":" 1573-296","printIssn":"1420-2026","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Simulating contaminant transport in unsaturated zones with sparse hydraulic property information is a difficult, yet common, problem. When contaminant transport may occur via preferential flow, simple modeling approaches can provide predictions of interest, such as the first arrival of contaminant, with minimal site characterization. The conceptual model for unsaturated zone flow at Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada National Security Site, establishes the possibility of preferential flow through lithologies between potential radionuclide sources and the saturated zone. After identifying preferential flow as a possible contaminant transport process, we apply a simple model to estimate first arrival times for conservatively transported radionuclides to reach the saturated zone. Simulated preferential flow travel times at Rainier Mesa are tens to hundreds of years for non-ponded water sources and 1 to 2 months for continuously ponded water sources; first arrival times are approximately twice as long at Shoshone Mountain. These first arrival time results should then be viewed as a worst-case scenario but not necessarily as a timescale for a groundwater-contamination hazard, because concentrations may be very low. The alternative approach demonstrated here for estimating travel times can be useful in situations where predictions are needed by managers for the fastest arrival of contaminants, yet budgetary or time constraints preclude more rigorous analysis, and when additional model estimates are needed for comparison (i.e., model abstraction).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10666-012-9349-8","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B., and Nimmo, J.R., 2013, An alternative process model of preferential contaminant travel times in the unsaturated zone: Application to Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain, Nevada: Environmental Modeling & Assessment, v. 18, p. 345-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-012-9349-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"363","ipdsId":"IP-114818","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Shoshone Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.61688232421875,\n 38.54601733154524\n ],\n [\n -117.19390869140625,\n 38.54601733154524\n ],\n [\n -117.19390869140625,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -117.61688232421875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -117.61688232421875,\n 38.54601733154524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040501,"text":"70040501 - 2013 - Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramatically lower than previously predicted","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-17T12:58:15","indexId":"70040501","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramatically lower than previously predicted","docAbstract":"The ecology of mosquito vectors and malaria parasites affect the incidence, seasonal transmission and geographical range of malaria. Most malaria models to date assume constant or linear responses of mosquito and parasite life-history traits to temperature, predicting optimal transmission at 31 °C. These models are at odds with field observations of transmission dating back nearly a century. We build a model with more realistic ecological assumptions about the thermal physiology of insects. Our model, which includes empirically derived nonlinear thermal responses, predicts optimal malaria transmission at 25 °C (6 °C lower than previous models). Moreover, the model predicts that transmission decreases dramatically at temperatures > 28 °C, altering predictions about how climate change will affect malaria. A large data set on malaria transmission risk in Africa validates both the 25 °C optimum and the decline above 28 °C. Using these more accurate nonlinear thermal-response models will aid in understanding the effects of current and future temperature regimes on disease transmission.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/ele.12015","usgsCitation":"Mordecai, E., Paaijmans, K.P., Johnson, L., Balzer, C., Ben-Horin, T., de Moor, E., McNally, A., Pawar, S., Ryan, S.J., Smith, T.C., and Lafferty, K.D., 2013, Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramatically lower than previously predicted: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 1, p. 22-30, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294052,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12015"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508ba304e4b0d7f30c14573f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mordecai, Erin A.","contributorId":9113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mordecai","given":"Erin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paaijmans, Krijn P.","contributorId":62459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paaijmans","given":"Krijn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Leah R.","contributorId":83382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Leah R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balzer, Christian","contributorId":41279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balzer","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ben-Horin, Tal","contributorId":58137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-Horin","given":"Tal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"de Moor, Emily","contributorId":48021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Moor","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":53225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pawar, Samraat","contributorId":22622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawar","given":"Samraat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, Sadie J.","contributorId":102738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Sadie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Thomas C.","contributorId":101139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70038186,"text":"70038186 - 2013 - The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:00:57","indexId":"70038186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change","docAbstract":"Meteorology is the driving force for lake internal heating, cooling, mixing, and circulation. Thus continued global warming will affect the lake thermal properties, water level, internal nutrient loading, nutrient cycling, food-web characteristics, fish-habitat, aquatic ecosystem, and other important features of lake limnology. Using a 1-D numerical model - the Lake Clarity Model (LCM) - together with the down-scaled climatic data of the two emissions scenarios (B1 and A2) of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Global Circulation Model, we found that Lake Tahoe will likely cease to mix to the bottom after about 2060 for A2 scenario, with an annual mixing depth of less than 200 m as the most common value. Deep mixing, which currently occurs on average every 3-4 years, will (under the GFDL B1 scenario) occur only four times during 2061 to 2098. When the lake fails to completely mix, the bottom waters are not replenished with dissolved oxygen and eventually dissolved oxygen at these depths will be depleted to zero. When this occurs, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium-nitrogen (both biostimulatory) are released from the deep sediments and contribute approximately 51 % and 14 % of the total SRP and dissolved inorganic nitrogen load, respectively. The lake model suggests that climate change will drive the lake surface level down below the natural rim after 2085 for the GFDL A2 but not the GFDL B1 scenario. The results indicate that continued climate changes could pose serious threats to the characteristics of the Lake that are most highly valued. Future water quality planning must take these results into account.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8","usgsCitation":"Sahoo, G., Schladow, S., Reuter, J., Coats, R., Dettinger, M., Riverson, J., Wolfe, B., and Costa-Cabral, M., 2013, The response of Lake Tahoe to climate change: Climatic Change, v. 116, no. 1, p. 71-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-037468","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0600-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.165109,39.0 ], [ -120.165109,39.26 ], [ -120.0,39.26 ], [ -120.0,39.0 ], [ -120.165109,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5094ec28e4b0e5cfc2acdd15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sahoo, G.B.","contributorId":49167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sahoo","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schladow, S.G.","contributorId":92791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reuter, J.E.","contributorId":9539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coats, R.","contributorId":9540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dettinger, M. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":78909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riverson, J.","contributorId":63692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riverson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolfe, B.","contributorId":79000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Costa-Cabral, M.","contributorId":96554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa-Cabral","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70038470,"text":"70038470 - 2013 - Environmental factors regulating the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T11:12:13","indexId":"70038470","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental factors regulating the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs","docAbstract":"

Understanding the environmental factors that regulate fish recruitment is essential for effective management of fisheries. Generally, first-year survival, and therefore recruitment, is inherently less consistent in systems with high intra- and interannual variability. Irrigation reservoirs display sporadic patterns of annual drawdown, which can pose a substantial challenge to recruitment of fishes. We developed species-specific models using an 18-year data set compiled from state and federal agencies to investigate variables that regulate the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs in south-west Nebraska, USA. The candidate model set for walleye included only abiotic variables (water-level elevation, minimum daily air temperature during winter prior to hatching, annual precipitation, spring warming rate and May reservoir discharge), and the candidate model set for white bass included primarily biotic variables (catch per unit effort (CPUE) of black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, CPUE of age-0 walleye, CPUE of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and CPUE of age-3 and older white bass), each of which had a greater relative importance than the single abiotic variable (minimum daily air temperature during winter after hatching). Our findings improve the understanding of the recruitment of fishes in irrigation reservoirs and the relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12000","usgsCitation":"DeBoer, J.A., Pope, K.L., and Koupal, K.D., 2013, Environmental factors regulating the recruitment of walleye Sander vitreus and white bass Morone chrysops in irrigation reservoirs: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 22, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12000.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038203","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12000"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Republican River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f99e4b090654e7b2648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBoer, Jason A.","contributorId":10272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBoer","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koupal, Keith D.","contributorId":37592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koupal","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004499,"text":"70004499 - 2013 - Estimating shaking-induced casualties and building damage for global earthquake events: a proposed modelling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T18:17:27","indexId":"70004499","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1101,"text":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating shaking-induced casualties and building damage for global earthquake events: a proposed modelling approach","docAbstract":"Recent earthquakes such as the Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 and the Qinghai earthquake on 14 April 2010 have highlighted the importance of rapid estimation of casualties after the event for humanitarian response. Both of these events resulted in surprisingly high death tolls, casualties and survivors made homeless. In the Mw = 7.0 Haiti earthquake, over 200,000 people perished with more than 300,000 reported injuries and 2 million made homeless. The Mw = 6.9 earthquake in Qinghai resulted in over 2,000 deaths with a further 11,000 people with serious or moderate injuries and 100,000 people have been left homeless in this mountainous region of China. In such events relief efforts can be significantly benefitted by the availability of rapid estimation and mapping of expected casualties. This paper contributes to ongoing global efforts to estimate probable earthquake casualties very rapidly after an earthquake has taken place. The analysis uses the assembled empirical damage and casualty data in the Cambridge Earthquake Impacts Database (CEQID) and explores data by event and across events to test the relationships of building and fatality distributions to the main explanatory variables of building type, building damage level and earthquake intensity. The prototype global casualty estimation model described here uses a semi-empirical approach that estimates damage rates for different classes of buildings present in the local building stock, and then relates fatality rates to the damage rates of each class of buildings. This approach accounts for the effect of the very different types of buildings (by climatic zone, urban or rural location, culture, income level etc), on casualties. The resulting casualty parameters were tested against the overall casualty data from several historical earthquakes in CEQID; a reasonable fit was found.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10518-012-9373-8","usgsCitation":"So, E., and Spence, R., 2013, Estimating shaking-induced casualties and building damage for global earthquake events: a proposed modelling approach: Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v. 11, no. 1, p. 347-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9373-8.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262460,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9373-8"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744fa2e4b090654e7b264c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"So, Emily","contributorId":19420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"So","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spence, Robin","contributorId":97366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"Robin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039843,"text":"70039843 - 2013 - Effects of linking a soil-water-balance model with a groundwater-flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T08:57:37","indexId":"70039843","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1862,"text":"Ground Water Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of linking a soil-water-balance model with a groundwater-flow model","docAbstract":"A previously published regional groundwater-flow model in north-central Nebraska was sequentially linked with the recently developed soil-water-balance (SWB) model to analyze effects to groundwater-flow model parameters and calibration results. The linked models provided a more detailed spatial and temporal distribution of simulated recharge based on hydrologic processes, improvement of simulated groundwater-level changes and base flows at specific sites in agricultural areas, and a physically based assessment of the relative magnitude of recharge for grassland, nonirrigated cropland, and irrigated cropland areas. Root-mean-squared (RMS) differences between the simulated and estimated or measured target values for the previously published model and linked models were relatively similar and did not improve for all types of calibration targets. However, without any adjustment to the SWB-generated recharge, the RMS difference between simulated and estimated base-flow target values for the groundwater-flow model was slightly smaller than for the previously published model, possibly indicating that the volume of recharge simulated by the SWB code was closer to actual hydrogeologic conditions than the previously published model provided. Groundwater-level and base-flow hydrographs showed that temporal patterns of simulated groundwater levels and base flows were more accurate for the linked models than for the previously published model at several sites, particularly in agricultural areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., Ryter, D.W., and Peterson, S.M., 2013, Effects of linking a soil-water-balance model with a groundwater-flow model: Ground Water Journal, v. 51, no. 4, p. 613-622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"622","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262455,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01000.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f90e4b090654e7b2644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038893,"text":"70038893 - 2013 - Ecology of zoonotic infectious diseases in bats: current knowledge and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:23:57","indexId":"70038893","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3813,"text":"Zoonoses and Public Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of zoonotic infectious diseases in bats: current knowledge and future directions","docAbstract":"Bats are hosts to a range of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Human activities that increase exposure to bats will likely increase the opportunity for infections to spill over in the future. Ecological drivers of pathogen spillover and emergence in novel hosts, including humans, involve a complex mixture of processes, and understanding these complexities may aid in predicting spillover. In particular, only once the pathogen and host ecologies are known can the impacts of anthropogenic changes be fully appreciated. Cross-disciplinary approaches are required to understand how host and pathogen ecology interact. Bats differ from other sylvatic disease reservoirs because of their unique and diverse lifestyles, including their ability to fly, often highly gregarious social structures, long lifespans and low fecundity rates. We highlight how these traits may affect infection dynamics and how both host and pathogen traits may interact to affect infection dynamics. We identify key questions relating to the ecology of infectious diseases in bats and propose that a combination of field and laboratory studies are needed to create data-driven mechanistic models to elucidate those aspects of bat ecology that are most critical to the dynamics of emerging bat viruses. If commonalities can be found, then predicting the dynamics of newly emerging diseases may be possible. This modelling approach will be particularly important in scenarios when population surveillance data are unavailable and when it is unclear which aspects of host ecology are driving infection dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Verlag","doi":"10.1111/zph.12000","usgsCitation":"Hayman, D., Bowen, R.A., Cryan, P., McCracken, G., O'Shea, T., Peel, A., Gilbert, A., Webb, C., and Wood, J., 2013, Ecology of zoonotic infectious diseases in bats: current knowledge and future directions: Zoonoses and Public Health, v. 60, no. 1, p. 2-21, https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12000.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474068,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12000","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zph.12000"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50744f88e4b090654e7b2640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayman, D.T.","contributorId":46816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayman","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cryan, P.M.","contributorId":82635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCracken, G.F.","contributorId":15136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peel, A.J.","contributorId":96138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peel","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilbert, A.","contributorId":68155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webb, C.T.","contributorId":84199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, J.L.","contributorId":75958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70039932,"text":"70039932 - 2013 - Intra- and inter-basin mercury comparisons: Importance of basin scale and time-weighted methylmercury estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-18T17:16:41","indexId":"70039932","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra- and inter-basin mercury comparisons: Importance of basin scale and time-weighted methylmercury estimates","docAbstract":"To assess inter-comparability of fluvial mercury (Hg) observations at substantially different scales, Hg concentrations, yields, and bivariate-relations were evaluated at nested-basin locations in the Edisto River, South Carolina and Hudson River, New York. Differences between scales were observed for filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) in the Edisto (attributed to wetland coverage differences) but not in the Hudson. Total mercury (THg) concentrations and bivariate-relationships did not vary substantially with scale in either basin. Combining results of this and a previously published multi-basin study, fish Hg correlated strongly with sampled water FMeHg concentration (p = 0.78; p = 0.003) and annual FMeHg basin yield (p = 0.66; p = 0.026). Improved correlation (p = 0.88; p < 0.0001) was achieved with time-weighted mean annual FMeHg concentrations estimated from basin-specific LOADEST models and daily streamflow. Results suggest reasonable scalability and inter-comparability for different basin sizes if wetland area or related MeHg-source-area metrics are considered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.008","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., Journey, C.A., Bringham, M.E., Burns, D.A., Button, D.T., and Riva-Murray, K., 2013, Intra- and inter-basin mercury comparisons: Importance of basin scale and time-weighted methylmercury estimates: Environmental Pollution, v. 172, p. 42-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.008.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"42","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261919,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.008","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"172","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db8e4b0c8380cd637ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bringham, Mark E.","contributorId":88192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bringham","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Button, Daniel T. 0000-0002-7479-884X dtbutton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-884X","contributorId":2084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Button","given":"Daniel","email":"dtbutton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riva-Murray, Karen","contributorId":85650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039781,"text":"70039781 - 2013 - The role of fire on soil mounds and surface roughness in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T11:20:16","indexId":"70039781","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of fire on soil mounds and surface roughness in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"A fundamental question in arid land management centers on understanding the long-term effects of fire on desert ecosystems. To assess the effects of fire on surface topography, soil roughness, and vegetation, we used terrestrial (ground-based) LiDAR to quantify the differences between burned and unburned surfaces by creating a series of high-resolution vegetation structure and bare-earth surface models for six sample plots in the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona. We find that 11 years following prescribed burns, mound volumes, plant heights, and soil-surface roughness were significantly lower on burned relative to unburned plots. Results also suggest a linkage between vegetation and soil mounds, either through accretion or erosion mechanisms such as wind and/or water erosion. The biogeomorphic implications of fire-induced changes are significant. Reduced plant cover and altered soil surfaces from fire likely influence seed residence times, inhibit seed germination and plant establishment, and affect other ecohydrological processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/esp.3264","usgsCitation":"Soulard, C.E., Esque, T., Bedford, D., and Bond, S., 2013, The role of fire on soil mounds and surface roughness in the Mojave Desert: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 38, no. 2, p. 111-121, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3264.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3264","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf70e4b08c986b3247c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":466925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bond, Sandra 0000-0003-0522-5287 sbond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-5287","contributorId":3328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Sandra","email":"sbond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039516,"text":"70039516 - 2013 - Successional stage of biological soil crusts: an accurate indicator of ecohydrological condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T08:47:43","indexId":"70039516","displayToPublicDate":"2012-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Successional stage of biological soil crusts: an accurate indicator of ecohydrological condition","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts are a key component of many dryland ecosystems. Following disturbance, biological soil crusts will recover in stages. Recently, a simple classification of these stages has been developed, largely on the basis of external features of the crusts, which reflects their level of development (LOD). The classification system has six LOD classes, from low (1) to high (6). To determine whether the LOD of a crust is related to its ecohydrological function, we used rainfall simulation to evaluate differences in infiltration, runoff, and erosion among crusts in the various LODs, across a range of soil depths and with different wetting pre-treatments. We found large differences between the lowest and highest LODs, with runoff and erosion being greatest from the lowest LOD. Under dry antecedent conditions, about 50% of the water applied ran off the lowest LOD plots, whereas less than 10% ran off the plots of the two highest LODs. Similarly, sediment loss was 400 g m-2 from the lowest LOD and almost zero from the higher LODs. We scaled up the results from these simulations using the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model. Modelling results indicate that erosion increases dramatically as slope length and gradient increase, especially beyond the threshold values of 10 m for slope length and 10% for slope gradient. Our findings confirm that the LOD classification is a quick, easy, nondestructive, and accurate index of hydrological condition and should be incorporated in field and modelling assessments of ecosystem health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/eco.1281","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Wilcox, B.P., Van Scoyoc, M.V., and Phillips, S.L., 2013, Successional stage of biological soil crusts: an accurate indicator of ecohydrological condition: Ecohydrology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 474-482, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1281.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"482","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259524,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1281","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9da9e4b08c986b31d9b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Bradford P.","contributorId":55298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Bradford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Scoyoc, Matthew V.","contributorId":24651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Scoyoc","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Susan L.","contributorId":59285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038517,"text":"70038517 - 2013 - Sediment redistributed by coastal marsh mosquito ditching in Cape May County, New Jersey, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-07T17:52:33","indexId":"70038517","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment redistributed by coastal marsh mosquito ditching in Cape May County, New Jersey, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Effects of mosquito ditching on salt marsh sediment budgets have not been quantified for lack of sufficient records, but such information is necessary to provide historical context for current management objectives. We were able to do so in Cape May County New Jersey where Mosquito Extermination Commission records reported 1,493,900 m3 of spoil redistributed through ditching from1902 to 1974. The amount of spoil redistributed rose to 2,240,850 m3–22,987,800 m3 overall when ditch cleaning efforts were included. On a 54 km2 study area, 161,560 m of ditches removed as much as 99,000 m3 of material. If all such sediment stayed in the system and was deposited in open water, it would have added 0.082 mm/yr to those areas. If the sediments had accumulated only in the larger water bodies, it would have been sufficient to add 0.16 mm/yr to those areas. Alternatively, if the material had been deposited only on the marsh surface, the material displaced by mosquito ditching was capable of adding only 0.036 mm/yr. These rates are inconsequential in a system infilling at a rate of 4.4–7.4 mm/yr. Materials released by mosquito ditching thus have added to the sediment budgets of this coastal system, but shoaling of bays and sounds in recent centuries is a consequence of increases in all sediment sources including many of anthropogenic origin. Nonetheless, other consequences of ditching to the marsh (e.g., increased drainage, transport of water, and erosion of ditch banks) are not negligible in consideration of all anthropogenic effects. These data can help parameterize models of salt marsh accretion in the face of climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF)","publisherLocation":"West Palm Beach, FL","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00002.1","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R.E., and Widjeskog, L.E., 2013, Sediment redistributed by coastal marsh mosquito ditching in Cape May County, New Jersey, U.S.A.: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 86-93, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00002.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264113,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00002.1"},{"id":267143,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00002.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Cape May County","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89aee4b08c986b316e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Ronald E. ronald_kirby@usgs.gov","contributorId":195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Ronald","email":"ronald_kirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Widjeskog, Lee E.","contributorId":85024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widjeskog","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}