Coral reefs are among the most species-rich, productive and economically valuable ecosystems on Earth but increasingly frequent pantropical coral bleaching events are threatening their persistence on a global scale. The 2015–2016 El Niño led to the hottest sea surface temperatures on record and widespread bleaching of shallow-water corals. However, the causes of spatial variation in bleaching are poorly understood, and near-surface estimates of heat stress, such as those inferred from satellites, cannot be generalized across the broad depth ranges occupied by corals. Here, using in situ temperatures recorded across reefs from the near surface to 30–50 m depths in the western, central and eastern Pacific, we show that during the peak of the 2015–2016 anomaly, temperature fluctuations associated with internal waves reduced cumulative heat exposure by up to 88%. The durations of severe thermal anomalies above 8 °C-days, at which point widespread coral bleaching and mortality are likely, were also decreased by >36% at some sites and were prevented entirely at others. The impact of internal waves across depths on coral reefs has the potential to create and support thermal refuges in which heat stress and coral bleaching risk may be modulated, but future effects depend on the response of internal wave climates to continued warming and strengthening ocean stratification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41561-019-0486-4","usgsCitation":"Wyatt, A.S., Leichter, J., Toth, L., Miyajima, T., Aronson, R.B., and Nagata, T., 2020, Heat accumulation on coral reefs mitigated by internal waves: Nature Geoscience, v. 13, p. 28-34, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0486-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-106803","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wyatt, Alex S. J. 0000-0002-1339-9546","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-9546","contributorId":331743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyatt","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S. J.","affiliations":[{"id":79277,"text":"University of Tokyo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leichter, James J.","contributorId":261128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leichter","given":"James J.","affiliations":[{"id":52738,"text":"SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT SAN DIEGO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toth, Lauren T. 0000-0002-2568-802X ltoth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-802X","contributorId":181748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"Lauren","email":"ltoth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miyajima, Toshihiro 0000-0001-8562-6704","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-6704","contributorId":331744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miyajima","given":"Toshihiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79277,"text":"University of Tokyo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aronson, Richard B. 0000-0003-0383-3844","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-3844","contributorId":212695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aronson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17748,"text":"Florida Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagata, Toshi","contributorId":331745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagata","given":"Toshi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79277,"text":"University of Tokyo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70227189,"text":"70227189 - 2020 - Life history structure of westslope cutthroat trout: Inferences from otolith microchemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T15:28:45.816391","indexId":"70227189","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-18T09:23:05","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history structure of westslope cutthroat trout: Inferences from otolith microchemistry","docAbstract":"Life history diversity is important for population stability and is dependent on connectivity to habitat that supports all life stages and life history strategies for a species. Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (WCT) exhibit plasticity in life history strategies in response to environmental variability, but fisheries managers have been challenged with evaluating the life history structure of WCT populations. The goals of this research were to use strontium isotopes (i.e., 87Sr/86Sr) derived from ambient water and sagittal otoliths to assess spatial variability and describe the life history structure of WCT. Water samples (n = 49) and WCT (n = 571) sagittal otoliths were collected throughout the Coeur d’Alene Lake basin in Idaho and analyzed for Sr isotopes. Model-based discriminant function analysis was used to assign WCT to natal tributaries and to infer maternal origins. Life history structure was inferred from maternal signatures and indicated that fluvial (68% of all fish), resident (27%), and adfluvial (5%) life history strategies were present. Connectivity in lotic systems and from lotic to lentic environments supports WCT life history diversity and contributes to a broad distribution of the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105416","usgsCitation":"Heckel, J.W., Quist, M.C., Watkins, C.J., and Dux, A.M., 2020, Life history structure of westslope cutthroat trout: Inferences from otolith microchemistry: Fisheries Research, v. 222, 105416, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105416.","productDescription":"105416, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107684","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene Lake, Coeur d'Alene River, St, Joe River, St, Maries River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 46.75\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 46.75\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 46.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"222","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heckel, John W","contributorId":270716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heckel","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":830023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":830022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, Carson J.","contributorId":171708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"Carson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dux, Andrew M.","contributorId":175256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dux","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":830025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219557,"text":"70219557 - 2020 - Post-fire aspen (Populus tremuloides) regeneration varies in response to winter precipitation across a regional climate gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T12:48:22.205733","indexId":"70219557","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-18T07:45:13","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire aspen (Populus tremuloides) regeneration varies in response to winter precipitation across a regional climate gradient","docAbstract":"Altered climate and changing fire regimes are synergistically impacting forest communities globally, resulting in deviations from historical norms and creation of novel successional dynamics. These changes are particularly important when considering the stability of a keystone species such as quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), which contributes critical ecosystem services across its broad North American range. As a relatively drought intolerant species, projected changes of altered precipitation timing, amount, and type (e.g. snow or rain) may influence aspen response to fire, especially in moisture-limited and winter precipitation-dominated portions of its range. Aspen is generally considered an early-seral species that benefits from fire, but increases in fire activity across much of the western United States could affect the species in unpredictable ways. This study examined post-fire aspen stands across a regional climate gradient spanning from the north-central Great Basin to the northeastern portion of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (USA). We investigated the influence of seasonal precipitation and temperature variables, snowpack, and site conditions (e.g. browsing levels, topography) on density of post-fire aspen regeneration (i.e. all small trees ha−1) and recruitment (i.e. small trees ≥2 m tall ha−1) across 15 fires that occurred between 2000 and 2009. The range of post-fire regeneration (2500–71,600 small trees ha−1) and recruitment (0–32,500 small trees ≥2 m ha−1) densities varied widely across plots. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated that both response variables increased primarily with early winter (Oct-Dec) precipitation during the ‘fire-regen period’ (i.e., fire year and five years after fire) relative to the 30-year mean. The 30-year mean of early winter precipitation and fire-regen period snowpack were also positively related to recruitment densities. Both response variables decreased with higher shrub cover, highlighting the importance of considering shrub competition in post-fire environments. Regeneration and recruitment densities were negatively related to proportion browsed aspen leaders and animal pellet densities (no./m2), respectively, indicating the influence of ungulate browsing even at the relatively low levels observed across sites. A post-hoc exploratory analysis suggests that deviation in early winter precipitation during the fire-regen period (relative to 30-year means) varied among sites along directional gradients, emphasizing the need to consider multiple spatiotemporal scales when investigating climate effects on post-fire successional dynamics. We discuss our findings in terms of dynamic management and conservation strategies in light of changing fire regimes and climate conditions.
Many studies have examined the effects of climate warming on lake stability, but few have addressed environmental changes concomitant with climate change, such as alterations in water clarity and lake inflow. Although air temperature rise is a predominant factor linked to lake thermal characteristics, climate-driven changes at watershed scales can substantially alter lake clarity and inflow, exacerbating the effects of future air warming on lake thermal conditions. Without accounting for potential changes in clarity and inflow, future thermal predictions could be inaccurate. We employed the General Lake Model to simulate future thermal conditions (relative thermal resistance to mixing; RTRM) of small (< 12 ha) mountain lakes of the western United States by calibrating the model to a set of lakes in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA. We found that after air temperature, alterations in inflow had the largest effect on lake thermal conditions, changes in wind had the least effect, and larger lakes experienced more than double the increase in lake stability than smaller lakes. Generally, clear, high inflow lakes had the lowest stability now, and in the future, while the largest overall increase in thermal stability occurred in larger lakes with low inflows and high turbidity. Assuming air temperature rise alone, summer stability of mountain lakes of the western United States was predicted to increase by 15–23% at + 2 °C air temperatures, and by 39–62% at + 5 °C air temperatures. When accounting for associated changes in clarity and inflow, lake stability was predicted to increase by 208% with + 2 °C air warming and 318% with at 5 °C air warming. Thus, ignoring the multivariate effects of climate change can substantially underestimate changes to mountain lake thermal and stratification regimes. Dimictic lakes may become more strongly stratified and polymictic lakes will experience more prolonged stratification. While predicted changes to lake temperatures may not be harmful to trout species that currently inhabit mountain lakes, longer and more intense stratification could cause indirect effects, such as hypoxia, that could reduce growth and survival of these organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00027-019-0676-6","usgsCitation":"Christianson, K.R., Johnson, B.M., and Hooten, M., 2020, Compound effects of water clarity, inflow, wind and climate warming on mountain lake thermal regimes: Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, 6, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-019-0676-6.","productDescription":"6, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107101","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rawah Wilderness Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.89035034179688,\n 40.534676780615406\n ],\n [\n -105.85052490234375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -105.83816528320312,\n 40.693134153308065\n ],\n [\n -105.88897705078125,\n 40.80029619806279\n ],\n [\n -105.96313476562499,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -106.09771728515625,\n 40.86991083161536\n ],\n [\n -106.11968994140624,\n 40.84498264925404\n ],\n [\n -106.0125732421875,\n 40.727486422997785\n ],\n [\n -105.96450805664062,\n 40.61916465186328\n ],\n [\n -105.89035034179688,\n 40.534676780615406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christianson, Kyle R.","contributorId":270655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christianson","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Brett M.","contributorId":270656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209555,"text":"70209555 - 2020 - Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) body mass: A test of Bergmann’s Rule","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T17:56:08.29525","indexId":"70209555","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-16T07:42:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) body mass: A test of Bergmann’s Rule","docAbstract":"The relationship between body size and latitude have been the focus of dozens of studies across many species. However, results of testing Bergmann’s Rule – that organisms in colder climates or at higher latitudes possess larger body sizes – have been inconsistent across studies. We investigated whether snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) follow the Rule by investigating differences in body mass using data from six published studies and from data of 755 individual hares captured from ten populations across North America covering 26° of latitude. We also explored alternative hypotheses related to variation in hare body mass, including winter severity, length of growing season, elevation, and snow depth. We found body mass of hares varied throughout their range, but the drivers of body mass differed based on geographic location. Females in northern populations followed Bergmann’s rule, whereas males did not. In northern populations male mass was related to average snow depth. In contrast, in southern populations body mass of both sexes was related to length of the growing season. These differences likely represent variation in the drivers of selection. Specifically, in the north, a large body size is beneficial to conserve heat because of low winter temperatures, whereas in the south, it is likely due to increased food supply associated with longer growing seasons.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2019-0184","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Gigliotti, L., Berg, N.D., Boonstra, R., Cleveland, S.M., Diefenbach, D.R., Gese, E.M., Ivan, J.S., Kielland, K., Krebs, C.J., Kumar, A.V., Mills, L.S., Pauli, J.N., Underwood, H.B., Wilson, E., and Sheriff, M., 2020, Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) body mass: A test of Bergmann’s Rule: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 88-95, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0184.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-094410","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1807/144258","text":"External Repository"},{"id":373946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gigliotti, Laura C. ","contributorId":224030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Laura C. ","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berg, Nathan D.","contributorId":224031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boonstra, Rudy","contributorId":224032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boonstra","given":"Rudy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Shawn M.","contributorId":224033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40820,"text":"State College of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gese, Eric M.","contributorId":224034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gese","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40821,"text":"U. S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ivan, Jacob S.","contributorId":224035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivan","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":39887,"text":"Colorado Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kielland, Knut","contributorId":224036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kielland","given":"Knut","affiliations":[{"id":36971,"text":"University of Alaska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krebs, Charles J.","contributorId":224037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krebs","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kumar, Alexander V. 0000-0003-3831-5924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-5924","contributorId":224038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mills, L. Scott","contributorId":89431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pauli, Jonathan N.","contributorId":190897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pauli","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Underwood, H. Brian 0000-0002-2064-9128 hbunderw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":140185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.","email":"hbunderw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wilson, Evan","contributorId":181779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sheriff, M.J.","contributorId":92880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheriff","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70211032,"text":"70211032 - 2020 - Upper thermal tolerance and heat shock protein response of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-10T20:43:11.980551","indexId":"70211032","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-15T15:40:21","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Upper thermal tolerance and heat shock protein response of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","title":"Upper thermal tolerance and heat shock protein response of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","docAbstract":"Juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) experience a wide range of temperatures in rivers before migrating to the ocean. Temperatures in these freshwater environments can vary greatly spatially, seasonally, year-to-year, and can be impacted by anthropogenic factors such as power plant discharge or climate change. Currently, there is uncertainty concerning juvenile American shad thermal tolerance due to a lack of a well-controlled study. Here, we report results of laboratory experiments to establish the upper thermal tolerance and heat shock protein response of juvenile American shad exposed to gradually increasing temperatures. Upper thermal tolerance was determined to be 35 °C (median; range = 34–36 °C) when fish were acclimated to 25 °C and temperatures were raised 1 °C day−1. Heat shock protein response was indicated by changes in branchial mRNA abundance of the inducible heat shock protein 90 alpha (hsp90α), which was significantly elevated (more than 5-fold increase) at 30 °C, and highest in fish that had reached their upper thermal maximum between 34 and 36 °C. Our findings indicate a higher upper thermal tolerance than previously reported for juvenile American shad, and an onset temperature of hsp90α induction at 30 °C, a temperature juvenile American shad commonly experience during summer months.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-019-00642-x","usgsCitation":"Bayse, S.M., Shaughnessy, C.A., Regish, A.M., and McCormick, S.D., 2020, Upper thermal tolerance and heat shock protein response of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima): Estuaries and Coasts, v. 43, p. 182-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00642-x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-098098","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayse, Shannon Michael 0000-0002-0343-4053","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4053","contributorId":228910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayse","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaughnessy, Ciaran A 0000-0003-2146-9126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-9126","contributorId":228911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaughnessy","given":"Ciaran","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265 aregish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":5415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"aregish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209054,"text":"70209054 - 2020 - A temporally stratified extension of space‐for‐time Cormack–Jolly–Seber for migratory animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-10T19:45:16.648168","indexId":"70209054","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-15T12:55:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A temporally stratified extension of space‐for‐time Cormack–Jolly–Seber for migratory animals","docAbstract":"Understanding drivers of temporal variation in demographic parameters is a central goal of mark‐recapture analysis. To estimate the survival of migrating animal populations in migration corridors, space‐for‐time mark–recapture models employ discrete sampling locations in space to monitor marked populations as they move past monitoring sites, rather than the standard practice of using fixed sampling points in time. Because these models focus on estimating survival over discrete spatial segments, model parameters are implicitly integrated over the temporal dimension. Furthermore, modeling the effect of time‐varying covariates on model parameters is complicated by unknown passage times for individuals that are not detected at monitoring sites. To overcome these limitations, we extended the Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) framework to estimate temporally stratified survival and capture probabilities by including a discretized arrival time process in a Bayesian framework. We allow for flexibility in the model form by including temporally stratified covariates and hierarchical structures. In addition, we provide tools for assessing model fit and comparing among alternative structural models for the parameters. We demonstrate our framework by fitting three competing models to estimate daily survival, capture, and arrival probabilities at four hydroelectric dams for over 200 000 individually tagged migratory juvenile salmon released into the Snake River, USA.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/biom.13171","usgsCitation":"Hance, D.J., Perry, R., Plumb, J., and Pope, A., 2020, A temporally stratified extension of space‐for‐time Cormack–Jolly–Seber for migratory animals: Biometrics, v. 76, no. 3, p. 900-912, https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.13171.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"900","endPage":"912","ipdsId":"IP-106158","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hance, Dalton J. 0000-0002-4475-706X dhance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-706X","contributorId":206496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hance","given":"Dalton","email":"dhance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Russell 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":223235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumb, John 0000-0003-4255-1612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":223236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Adam C. 0000-0002-7253-2247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-2247","contributorId":223237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228140,"text":"70228140 - 2020 - Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T16:50:16.906223","indexId":"70228140","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-13T10:44:49","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline","docAbstract":"Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula are increasingly being stocked to restore populations, making the need to identify stocked individuals important for monitoring. Oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion allows for large numbers of fish to be marked simultaneously, thus eliminating the need to handle fish individually, but protocols for doing so have not been investigated fully for this species. In this study, we sought to identify dosages of OTC (concentration and duration of exposure) that would successfully mark juvenile Alligator Gar while minimizing mortality as a result of the marking procedures. Juvenile Alligator Gar (38 ± 4.4 mm [mean ± SE]) were collected from raceways at Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery 18–22 d after hatch and were marked during transport to the Oklahoma Fishery Research Laboratory. Ten individuals per treatment (360 total individuals) were randomly placed into one of three replicates containing one of four concentration × duration combinations of Pennox 343 OTC solution. Juvenile Alligator Gar were exposed to an OTC concentration of 0 (control), 500, 600, or 700 mg/L for a duration of 4, 5, or 6 h. Asteriscus, lapillus, and sagittal otoliths were examined for mark presence at 14 d postexposure by using fluorescent microscopy. The OTC concentration and duration both affected mean mark quality similarly among otolith types. Mortality increased with increasing OTC concentration, suggesting that a balance between concentration and duration is needed to achieve marking goals. Based on our findings, batch marking of Alligator Gar was successful at OTC concentrations from 500 to 700 mg/L for 4–6 h, although immersion at 500 mg/L for 6 h and 600 mg/L for 4–6 h produced the best balance between high mark quality and low associated mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10365","usgsCitation":"Snow, R.A., Long, J.M., and Porta, M.J., 2020, Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 3, p. 669-674, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10365.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"674","ipdsId":"IP-107851","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snow, Richard A.","contributorId":176213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porta, Michael J.","contributorId":270652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porta","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206718,"text":"70206718 - 2020 - Development of two quantitative PCR assays for detection of several Cottus species from environmental DNA in Pacific coast watersheds of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T13:55:23.6477","indexId":"70206718","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-13T07:50:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Development of two quantitative PCR assays for detection of several Cottus species from environmental DNA in Pacific coast watersheds of North America","title":"Development of two quantitative PCR assays for detection of several Cottus species from environmental DNA in Pacific coast watersheds of North America","docAbstract":"We developed two quantitative PCR assays for use with environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect numerous species in the genus Cottus that are indigenous to the Pacific coast watersheds of North America. We conducted in vitro assay validations on ten Cottus species and 32 potentially co-occurring non-Cottus species. We demonstrate the efficacy of these assays by field testing eDNA samples collected from streams inhabited by Cottus. These assays will be particularly useful for detecting Cottus in habitats where one (or more) of several Cottus species could be present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-019-01118-7","usgsCitation":"Hoy, M.S., and Ostberg, C.O., 2020, Development of two quantitative PCR assays for detection of several Cottus species from environmental DNA in Pacific coast watersheds of North America: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 12, p. 361-363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-019-01118-7.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"363","ipdsId":"IP-112157","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206728,"text":"70206728 - 2020 - Malignant melanoma of Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T10:34:39","indexId":"70206728","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-13T07:48:12","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Malignant melanoma of Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","title":"Malignant melanoma of Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec","docAbstract":"In 2012, brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) with large, raised, black growths were first reported from multiple areas within the Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog. Subsequent surveys conducted from 2014 to 2017 at two sites within the lake indicated a prevalence of 30% in adult brown bullhead 200 mm and above total length. These lesions ranged from slightly raised smooth black areas to large nodular areas on the body surface and fins and within the oral cavity. Microscopically, these lesions were determined to be malignant melanoma with invasion into surrounding hypodermis, skeletal muscle and bone as well as metastases to gill, ovary and intestine. Liver neoplasms were also observed in 8% of the bullhead collected from Lake Memphremagog in 2015. Neither skin nor liver neoplasms were noted in Ticklenaked Pond, a site used for comparison.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfd.13112","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Shaw, C.H., Smith, C.R., Emerson, P., and Jones, T.R., 2020, Malignant melanoma of Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 43, no. 1, p. 91-100, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13112.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"100","ipdsId":"IP-111105","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Quebec, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -70.24658203125,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -69.76318359375,\n 47.08508535995386\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -73.7841796875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -73.4326171875,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -73.19091796875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, Cassidy H. 0000-0003-2639-1241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2639-1241","contributorId":203239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Cassidy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Cheyenne R. 0000-0002-7226-1774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-1774","contributorId":219236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Cheyenne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emerson, P","contributorId":220736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emerson","given":"P","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Thomas R.","contributorId":167620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24784,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 West Carefree Highway, Phoenix, Arizona 85086, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":775570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70207606,"text":"70207606 - 2020 - Microplastic concentrations in two Oregon bivalve species: Spatial, temporal, and species variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T11:31:05","indexId":"70207606","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-12T16:31:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5456,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microplastic concentrations in two Oregon bivalve species: Spatial, temporal, and species variability","docAbstract":"Microplastics are an ecological stressor with implications for ecosystem and human health when present in seafood. We quantified microplastic types, concentrations, anatomical burdens, geographic distribution, and temporal differences in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula) from 15 Oregon coast, U.S.A. sites. Microplastics were present in organisms from all sites. On average, whole oysters and razor clams contained 10.95 ± 0.77 and 8.84 ± 0.45 microplastic pieces per individual, or 0.35 ± 0.04 pieces g−1 tissue and 0.16 ± 0.02 pieces g−1 tissue, respectively. Contamination was quantified but not subtracted. Over 99% of microplastics were fibers. Material type was determined using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Spring samples contained more microplastics than summer samples in oysters but not razor clams. Our study is the first to document microplastics in Pacific razor clams and provides important coast‐wide data to compare microplastic burden across species, seasons, and sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lol2.10124","usgsCitation":"Baechler, B., Granek, E.F., Hunter, M.G., and Conn, K., 2020, Microplastic concentrations in two Oregon bivalve species: Spatial, temporal, and species variability: Limnology and Oceanography Letters, v. 5, no. 1, p. 54-65, https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10124.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"65","ipdsId":"IP-110433","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10124","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baechler, Britta","contributorId":221557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baechler","given":"Britta","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granek, Elise F.","contributorId":176630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granek","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Matthew G.","contributorId":146866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206748,"text":"70206748 - 2020 - Coastal marsh bird habitat selection and responses to Hurricane Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T14:32:03.568047","indexId":"70206748","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-12T16:14:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal marsh bird habitat selection and responses to Hurricane Sandy","docAbstract":"Wetlands provide numerous ecosystem functions such as water purification, nutrient cycling, and wildlife habitat. Avian populations are indicators of wetland health, and understanding their responses to extreme events can aid in targeting restoration efforts following disturbance. Here, we assessed the habitat selection of six coastal wetland bird species (American Bittern, Black-crowned Night Heron, Great Egret, Glossy Ibis, Snowy Egret, Yellow-crowned Night Heron) related to an extreme weather event, Hurricane Sandy. We used Discrete Choice Resource Selection Functions to estimate habitat selection. Results showed species probability of use increased with lower elevation and slope, and closer proximity to marsh, salt marsh, Phragmites, and protected areas. Estimates of marsh dieback from Hurricane Sandy occurred disproportionately in areas with higher probability of species use. Species were observed farther from the coast and at higher elevations in the four breeding seasons after (2013–2016) compared to before (2000–2012) Hurricane Sandy. Our results indicate that although high suitability areas were affected by the storm, these six wetland bird species may have responded by moving inland and to higher elevation. Understanding how coastal wetland birds respond to storm events is important for conservation planning, particularly as storm frequency is projected to increase in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-019-01230-2","usgsCitation":"Benscoter, A., Beerens, J., and Romanach, S., 2020, Coastal marsh bird habitat selection and responses to Hurricane Sandy: Wetlands, v. 40, p. 799-810, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01230-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"799","endPage":"810","ipdsId":"IP-105945","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M063T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Determining the habitat suitability of coastal waterbirds in New Jersey: impacts related to Hurricane Sandy"},{"id":369363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benscoter, Allison 0000-0003-4205-3808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-3808","contributorId":220759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benscoter","given":"Allison","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beerens, James 0000-0001-8143-916X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-916X","contributorId":220760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beerens","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie 0000-0003-0271-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":220761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207446,"text":"70207446 - 2020 - Turtle biogeography: Global regionalization and conservation priorities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T11:09:02","indexId":"70207446","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-12T12:51:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Turtle biogeography: Global regionalization and conservation priorities","docAbstract":"Defaunation in the Anthropocene has created a need to focus limited conservation resources on geographically-explicit areas with high conservation significance. Priority conservation areas are often defined as those with high biodiversity – hotspots. While these conservation areas are critical to securing global biodiversity, prevailing approaches for their delineation are often qualitative. Here, we demonstrate the benefits of a clade-specific approach that improves conservation. We use the distinct, imperiled clade of turtles (tortoises and freshwater turtles) to delineate biogeographical regions and characterize their comparative levels of biodiversity and conservation values. We produce a quantitative, revisable map of 63 global turtle regions and identify several turtle regions, mostly in the Indomalayan turtle realm, that are high-priority conservation regions. While our high-priority turtle regions include those previously reported in the literature as turtle hotspots, we also describe a new priority conservation region in Southeast Asia (Yangtze-Huang He-Xi Yiang) which has both high species and endemism richness. Although not considered a high or intermediate conservation priority, our analyses delineated another previously unidentified turtle hotspot – the Kalahari Basin-Rift Valley. Additionally, we identify several turtle regions, largely in Central America, with intermediate conservation priority. Our results reveal that many turtle hotspots represent complex biogeographical areas with high inter-regional β-diversity, and several of these turtle-hotspots occur in transition zones with high biogeographical complexity. In these cases, inter-regional conservation efforts will be necessary to ensure turtle biodiversity conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108323","usgsCitation":"Ennen, J., Agha, M., Sweat, S.C., Matamoros, W.A., Lovich, J.E., Rhodin, A.G., Iverson, J.B., and Hoagstrom, C.W., 2020, Turtle biogeography: Global regionalization and conservation priorities: Biological Conservation, v. 241, 108323, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108323.","productDescription":"108323, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-085189","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"241","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweat, Sarah C.","contributorId":195519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweat","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matamoros, Wilfredo A.","contributorId":172518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matamoros","given":"Wilfredo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27060,"text":"Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Cencias y Artes de Chiapas, Museo de Zoologia, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México Apartado Postal 29000, México","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rhodin, Anders G.J.","contributorId":212691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhodin","given":"Anders","email":"","middleInitial":"G.J.","affiliations":[{"id":38677,"text":"(1) Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, Massachusetts, USA (rhodincrf@aol.com); (2) University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA (stanford@usc.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Iverson, John B.","contributorId":147488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hoagstrom, Christopher W.","contributorId":195520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoagstrom","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70211826,"text":"70211826 - 2020 - The mineral diversity of Jezero crater: Evidence for possible lacustrine carbonates on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-07T22:03:59.417806","indexId":"70211826","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-11T17:00:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mineral diversity of Jezero crater: Evidence for possible lacustrine carbonates on Mars","docAbstract":"Noachian-aged Jezero crater is the only known location on Mars where clear orbital detections of carbonates are found in close proximity to clear fluvio-lacustrine features indicating the past presence of a paleolake; however, it is unclear whether or not the carbonates in Jezero are related to the lacustrine activity. This distinction is critical for evaluating the astrobiological potential of the site, as lacustrine carbonates on Earth are capable of preserving biosignatures at scales that may be detectable by a landed mission like the Mars 2020 rover, which is planned to land in Jezero in February 2021. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of the mineralogical and morphological properties of geological units within Jezero crater in order to better constrain the origin of carbonates in the basin and their timing relative to fluvio-lacustrine activity. Using orbital visible/near-infrared hyperspectral images from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) along with high resolution imagery and digital elevation models, we identify a distinct carbonate-bearing unit, the “Marginal Carbonates,” located along the inner margin of the crater, near the largest inlet valley and the western delta. Based on their strong carbonate signatures, topographic properties, and location in the crater, we propose that this unit may preserve authigenic lacustrine carbonates, precipitated in the near-shore environment of the Jezero paleolake. Comparison to carbonate deposits from terrestrial closed basin lakes suggests that if the Marginal Carbonates are lacustrine in origin, they could preserve macro- and microscopic biosignatures in microbialite rocks like stromatolites, some of which would likely be detectable by Mars 2020. The Marginal Carbonates may represent just one phase of a complex fluvio-lacustrine history in Jezero crater, as we find that the spectral diversity of the fluvio-lacustrine deposits in the crater is consistent with a long-lived lake system cataloging the deposition and erosion of regional geologic units. Thus, Jezero crater may contain a unique record of the evolution of surface environments, climates, and habitability on early Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526","usgsCitation":"Horgan, B., Anderson, R.B., Dromart, G., Amador, E.S., and Rice, M.S., 2020, The mineral diversity of Jezero crater: Evidence for possible lacustrine carbonates on Mars: Icarus, v. 339, 113526, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526.","productDescription":"113526, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111142","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"339","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horgan, Briony H. N.","contributorId":237069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horgan","given":"Briony H. N.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Ryan B. 0000-0003-4465-2871 rbanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2871","contributorId":170054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Ryan","email":"rbanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dromart, G.","contributorId":237771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dromart","given":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":47605,"text":"U. Lyon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amador, Elena S.","contributorId":237804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amador","given":"Elena","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Melissa S.","contributorId":237772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":47606,"text":"Western Washington U.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70208061,"text":"70208061 - 2020 - Brodifacoum toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T16:36:38.893367","indexId":"70208061","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-09T09:26:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Brodifacoum toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure","title":"Brodifacoum toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure","docAbstract":"A seminal question in ecotoxicology is the extent to which contaminant exposure evokes prolonged effects on physiological function and fitness. A series of studies were undertaken with American kestrels ingesting environmentally realistic concentrations of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) brodifacoum (BROD). Kestrels fed BROD at 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 µg/g diet wet wt for 7 d exhibited dose-dependent hemorrhage, histopathological lesions and coagulopathy (prolonged prothrombin and Russell’s viper venom times). Following termination of a 7 d exposure to 0.5 µg BROD/g diet, prolonged blood clotting time returned to baseline values within a week, but BROD residues in liver and kidney (terminal half-life estimates >50 d) persisted during the 28 d recovery period. In order to examine the hazard of sequential AR exposure, kestrels were exposed to either the firstgeneration AR chlorophacinone (CPN; 1.5 µg/g diet) or the SGAR BROD (0.5 µg/g diet) for 7 d, and following a recovery period, were challenged with a low dose of CPN (0.75 µg/g diet) for 7 d. In BROD-exposed kestrels, the challenge exposure clearly prolonged prothrombin time compared to naïve controls and kestrels previously exposed to CPN. These data provide evidence that the SGAR BROD may have prolonged effects that increase toxicity of subsequent AR exposure. As free-ranging predatory and scavenging wildlife are often repeatedly exposed to ARs, such protracted toxicological effects need to be considered in hazard and risk assessments.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.4629","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Volker, S.F., Lankton, J.S., Bean, T., Lazarus, R.S., and Horak, K., 2020, Brodifacoum toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with evidence of increased hazard upon subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide exposure: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 39, no. 2, p. 468-481, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4629.","productDescription":"14 p.; 2 Data Releases","startPage":"468","endPage":"481","ipdsId":"IP-109712","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":418594,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9503Y4X","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":418593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K6U6R4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volker, Steven F","contributorId":202541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Volker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":36474,"text":"USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Reseach Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lankton, Julia S. 0000-0002-6843-4388 jlankton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-4388","contributorId":5888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lankton","given":"Julia","email":"jlankton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bean, Thomas G. 0000-0002-3577-1994 tbean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-1994","contributorId":195993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Thomas G.","email":"tbean@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":780330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S. 0000-0003-1731-6469 rlazarus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6469","contributorId":5594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca","email":"rlazarus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":780331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horak, Katherine E.","contributorId":58760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"Katherine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70212613,"text":"70212613 - 2020 - Classification of oil spill by thicknesses using multiple remote sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-24T14:12:42.526677","indexId":"70212613","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-09T09:09:56","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of oil spill by thicknesses using multiple remote sensors","docAbstract":"Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an operational tool for monitoring and assessment of oil spills. Satellite SAR has primarily been used to detect the presence/absence of oil, yet its ability to discriminate oil emulsions within a detected oil slick has not been fully exploited. Additionally, one of the challenges in the past has been the ability to deliver strategic information derived from satellite remote sensing in a timely fashion to responders in the field. This study presents methods for the rapid classification of oil types and estimated thicknesses, from which information about thick oil and oil emulsions (i.e., “actionable” oil) can be delivered in an operational timeframe to responders in the field. Experiments carried out at the OHMSETT test facility in New Jersey demonstrate that under specific viewing conditions, a single polarization satellite SAR image can record a signal variance between thick stable emulsions and non-emulsified oil. During a series of field campaigns in the Gulf of Mexico with in situ measurements of oil thickness, multiple satellite data were obtained including fully polarimetric C-band SAR imagery from RADARSAT-2 and multispectral imagery from ASTER and WorldView-2. One campaign included the airborne polarimetric UAVSAR L-band sensor. An oil/emulsion thickness classification product was generated based on RADARSAT-2 polarimetric imagery using entropy and the damping ratio derivations. Herein, we present the classification methods to generate oil thickness products from SAR, validated by sea-truth observations, the multispectral imagery, and the UAVSAR data. We tested the ability to deliver these products with minimum latency to responding vessels via NOAA. During field operations in the Gulf of Mexico, a satellite SAR-based product of oil delineation by relative thickness was delivered to a responding vessel 42 min after the RADARSAT-2 data acquisition. This proof-of-concept test using satellite SAR and multispectral imagery to detect emulsions and deliver a derived information product to a vessel in near-real-time points directly to methods for satellite-based assets to be used in the near future for oil spill tactical response operations.
The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill from April to July of 2010 contaminated Gulf of Mexico waters through release of an estimated 4.1 × 106 barrels of oil. Beginning in June of 2010, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed near areas with sensitive marine habitats (Alabama Alps and Western Shelf) potentially exposed to that oil. Elevated TPAH50 concentrations, flux rates and similarity of histograms and diagnostic ratios for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from SPMDs to weathered floating oil collected during the DWH spill indicates the Alabama Alps habitats were affected. While not affected by oil from the DWH spill, the temporal pattern of PAH contamination of SPMDs deployed near the Western Shelf between July 2010 and March 2011 could indicate prevailing currents affected contaminant transport to the Western Shelf Area (East and West Flower Garden, Sonnier, and Stetson Banks) from non-DWH sources, including oil and gas exploration, shipping, and Mississippi River effluent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110622","usgsCitation":"Bargar, T., Alvarez, D.A., and Stout, S.A., 2020, Petroleum hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and Florida keys following the Deepwater Horizon incident: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 150, 110662, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110622.","productDescription":"110662, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101106","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110622","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Northern Gulf of Mexico, Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 25.443274612305746\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 27.800209937418252\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 25.443274612305746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 24.246964554300924\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 24.00632619875113\n ],\n [\n -80.0244140625,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 25.20494115356912\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bargar, Timothy 0000-0001-8588-3436","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-3436","contributorId":220762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bargar","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":220763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stout, Scott A.","contributorId":207029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stout","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207191,"text":"70207191 - 2020 - Calibration analysis and noise estimates of WWSSN Station ALQ (Albuquerque, New Mexico)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T16:42:40.096503","indexId":"70207191","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-06T15:05:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration analysis and noise estimates of WWSSN Station ALQ (Albuquerque, New Mexico)","docAbstract":"World‐Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN) records contain daily calibration pulses that can be used to retrieve the magnification as well as the response of the instrument for a given day record. We analyze a select number of long‐period vertical (LPZ) records from WWSSN station ALQ (Albuquerque, New Mexico). Although we find that the response of this instrument varies widely throughout time, we show that in most cases, we are able to estimate a pole‐zero response that has a root mean square error of
Wildlife agencies face difficult situations when orphaned or injured American black bear (Ursus americanus ) cubs (<12 months old) or yearlings (≥12 and <24 months old) are captured. One option is bear rehabilitation, the care and feeding of cubs or yearlings in a semi‐natural environment, followed by release. Unfortunately, the survival and movements of bears released from rehabilitation facilities are often poorly documented and the ultimate reasons for success or failure poorly understood. Our goal was to assess survival and post‐release conflict of orphaned bear cubs and yearlings following release from a rehabilitation facility, Appalachian Bear Rescue (ABR), in Townsend, Tennessee, USA, from 2015–2016. We predicted that rehabilitated bears would survive at similar rates, die from similar causes, and engage in similar conflict behavior to wild conspecifics. We equipped 42 black bear cubs and yearlings from ABR with global positioning system‐collars and released them in Great Smoky Mountains National Park or Cherokee National Forest, Tennessee and North Carolina, USA. Estimated annual survival using known‐fate methods for all released bears was 0.93 ± 0.06 [SE]). Survival for 13 bears released as cubs was 0.64 ± 0.14, whereas none of the bears released as yearlings died within 1 year after release (n = 29). Survival of rehabilitated bears was similar to or higher than published rates for wild conspecifics. Three of 42 bears (7.1%) released from ABR engaged in conflict behavior up to 1 year following release, and those had spent time involved in conflict behavior with their mothers (e.g., approaching humans) prior to being orphaned. Despite not having the typical post‐natal experience with their mothers, the bears in our study appeared to behave and survive similarly to their wild conspecifics. Rehabilitation is effective for managing orphaned or injured bears. Best survival occurred for bears released as yearlings; however, managers can maximize cub survival through fall releases when plentiful wild foods are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21783","usgsCitation":"Blair, C.D., Muller, L., Clark, J.D., and Stiver, W., 2020, Survival and conflict behavior of American black bears after rehabilitation: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 1, p. 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21783.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-104772","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21783","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Cherokee National Forest, Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.04290771484374,\n 35.572448615622804\n ],\n [\n -83.03741455078125,\n 35.75988604933661\n ],\n [\n -83.2269287109375,\n 35.78885488168885\n ],\n [\n -83.858642578125,\n 35.6907639509368\n ],\n [\n -84.1552734375,\n 35.55904339525896\n ],\n [\n -84.4793701171875,\n 35.33977430038646\n ],\n [\n -84.67987060546874,\n 35.09519259251624\n ],\n [\n -84.42718505859375,\n 35.0367432201753\n ],\n [\n -84.21844482421875,\n 35.20298910562885\n ],\n [\n -83.8970947265625,\n 35.22991591449646\n ],\n [\n -83.85589599609375,\n 35.411438052435464\n ],\n [\n -83.56475830078124,\n 35.41367651903578\n ],\n [\n -83.2928466796875,\n 35.43605776486772\n ],\n [\n -83.04290771484374,\n 35.572448615622804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blair, Coy D","contributorId":228822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blair","given":"Coy","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, Lisa I","contributorId":228823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muller","given":"Lisa I","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiver, William H","contributorId":228824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiver","given":"William H","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212701,"text":"70212701 - 2020 - #EarthquakeAdvisory: Exploring discourse between government officials, news media and social media during the Bombay Beach 2016 Swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T15:25:27.575316","indexId":"70212701","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-06T06:55:36","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"#EarthquakeAdvisory: Exploring discourse between government officials, news media and social media during the Bombay Beach 2016 Swarm","docAbstract":"Communicating probabilities of natural hazards to varied audiences is a notoriously difficult task. Many of these challenges were encountered during the 2016 Bombay Beach, California, swarm of ~100 2≤M≤4.3 earthquakes, which began on 26 September 2016 and lasted for several days. The swarm’s proximity to the southern end of the San Andreas fault caused concern that a larger earthquake could be triggered. Within 1–2 days, different forecast models were used to evaluate the likelihood of a larger event with two agencies (the U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] and the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services) releasing probabilities and forecasts for larger earthquakes. Our research explores communication and news media efforts, as well as how people on a microblogging social media site (Twitter) responded to these forecasts. Our findings suggest that news media used a combination of information sources, basing their articles on what they learned from social media, as well as using information provided by government agencies. As the swarm slowed down, there is evidence of the continued interplay between news media and social media, with the USGS issuing revised probability reports and scientists from the USGS and other institutions participating in media interviews. In reporting on the swarm, news media often used language more generally than the scientists; terms such as probability, likelihood, chance, and possibility were used interchangeably. Knowledge of how news media used scientific information from the 2016 Bombay Beach forecasts can assist local, state, and federal agencies in developing effective communication strategies to respond to future earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190082","usgsCitation":"McBride, S., Llenos, A.L., Page, M.T., and van der Elst, N., 2020, #EarthquakeAdvisory: Exploring discourse between government officials, news media and social media during the Bombay Beach 2016 Swarm: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 1, p. 438-451, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190082.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"451","ipdsId":"IP-104404","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Imperial County","otherGeospatial":"Bombay Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.740966796875,\n 33.330528249028085\n ],\n [\n -115.63247680664062,\n 33.330528249028085\n ],\n [\n -115.63247680664062,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -115.740966796875,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -115.740966796875,\n 33.330528249028085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, Sara K. 0000-0002-8062-6542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-6542","contributorId":206933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Sara K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. 0000-0002-4088-6737 allenos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6737","contributorId":4455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van der Elst, Nicholas 0000-0002-3812-1153 nvanderelst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-1153","contributorId":147858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Elst","given":"Nicholas","email":"nvanderelst@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212820,"text":"70212820 - 2020 - Grazing-induced changes to biological soil crust cover mediate hillslope erosion in a long-term exclosure experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T13:19:26.065099","indexId":"70212820","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-05T08:17:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6002,"text":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grazing-induced changes to biological soil crust cover mediate hillslope erosion in a long-term exclosure experiment","docAbstract":"Dryland ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to erosion generated by livestock grazing. Quantifying this risk across a variety of landscape settings is essential for successful adaptive management, particularly in light of a changing climate. In the Upper Colorado River Basin, there are nearly 25 000 km2 of rangelands with underlying soils derived from Mancos Shale, an erodible and saline geologic parent material. Salinity is a major concern within the Colorado River watershed, much of which is attributed to runoff and leaching from Mancos Shale deposits. In a 60-yr paired-watershed experiment in western Colorado, we used silt fences to measure differences in saline hillslope erosion, including both total sediment yield and concentrations of primary saline constituents (Na and Se), in watersheds that were either exposed to grazing or where livestock was excluded. After accounting for the strong effects of soil type, slope, and antecedent precipitation, we found that grazing increased sediment loss by ≈50% across our 8-yr time series (0.1–1.5 tn ha−1), consistent with levels reported at the watershed scale in early published work from studies at the same location. Eroded sediment Se levels were low and unaffected by grazing history, but Na concentrations were significantly reduced on grazed hillslopes, likely due to depletion of surface Na in soils exposed to chronic soil disturbance by livestock. Variable selection and path analysis identified that biological soil crust (BSC) cover, more than any other variable, explained the differences in sediment yields between grazed and ungrazed watersheds, partially through the enhancement of soil aggregate stability. Our results suggest that BSC cover should be granted heightened consideration in rangeland decision support tools (e.g., state-and-transition models) and that measures to reduce surface disturbance from livestock such as altering the timing or intensity of grazing may be effective for reducing downstream impacts.