Nonparametric regression analysis of historic flow and rainfall data was used to estimate declining flows in a river draining a large spring complex in northern Florida, USA. The analysis indicated that flow declined by an estimated 23 percent from 1900 to 2009. The rate of decline appeared to increase over time, from about 0.8 cubic foot per second per year during the period from 1930-1970, to about 1.1 cubic feet per second per year over the period from 1970-2009. The estimated decline for the period prior to 1980 is consistent with evidence indicating groundwater withdrawals to the east of the study area have diverted groundwater that formerly flowed toward the Ichetucknee River under predevelopment conditions.
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USGS collects streamflow and gage-height data; reservoir content; water-quality and water-quantity data; suspended-sediment data; and groundwater levels. Hydrologic studies are conducted on national, regional, statewide, and local levels. The USGS in Kansas works cooperatively with 31 Federal, State, and local agencies, such as the Kansas Water Office, the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, and the City of Wichita.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip121","usgsCitation":"Ziegler, A., 2011, Water Science Programs in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 121, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip121.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_121.jpg"},{"id":14595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/121/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa418","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Andy","contributorId":64732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99178,"text":"sir20115024 - 2011 - Stream profile analyses using a step-backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek Basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T20:32:46.090399","indexId":"sir20115024","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5024","title":"Stream profile analyses using a step-backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek Basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio","docAbstract":"The USGS, in cooperation with the Chippewa Subdistrict of the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District, performed hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for selected reaches of three streams in Medina, Wayne, Stark, and Summit Counties in northeast Ohio: Chippewa Creek, Little Chippewa Creek, and River Styx. This study was done to facilitate assessment of various alternatives for mitigating flood hazards in the Chippewa Creek basin.\r\nStreamStats regional regression equations were used to estimate instantaneous peak discharges approximately corresponding to bankfull flows. Explanatory variables used in the regression equations were drainage area, main-channel slope, and storage area. Hydraulic models were developed to determine water-surface profiles along the three stream reaches studied for the bankfull discharges established in the hydrologic analyses. The HEC-RAS step-backwater hydraulic analysis model was used to determine water-surface profiles for the three streams. Starting water-surface elevations for all streams were established using normal depth computations in the HEC-RAS models. Cross-sectional elevation data, hydraulic-structure geometries, and roughness coefficients were collected in the field and (along with peak-discharge estimates) used as input for the models. Reach-averaged reductions in water-surface elevations ranged from 0.11 to 1.29 feet over the four roughness coefficient reduction scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115024","usgsCitation":"Straub, D.E., and Ebner, A.D., 2011, Stream profile analyses using a step-backwater model for selected reaches in the Chippewa Creek Basin in Medina, Wayne, and Summit Counties, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5024, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115024.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5024.gif"},{"id":14592,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":391692,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95113.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Medina County, Summitt County, Wayne County","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,40.8167 ], [ -82,41.1333 ], [ -81.6406,41.1333 ], [ -81.6406,40.8167 ], [ -82,40.8167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Straub, David E. destraub@usgs.gov","contributorId":1908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"David","email":"destraub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebner, Andrew D. aebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebner","given":"Andrew","email":"aebner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046816,"text":"70046816 - 2011 - Ontology patterns for complex topographic feature types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T09:21:54","indexId":"70046816","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontology patterns for complex topographic feature types","docAbstract":"Complex feature types are defined as integrated relations between basic features for a shared meaning or concept. The shared semantic concept is difficult to define in commonly used geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies. The role of spatial relations between complex feature parts was recognized in early GIS literature, but had limited representation in the feature or coverage data models of GIS. Spatial relations are more explicitly specified in semantic technology. In this paper, semantics for topographic feature ontology design patterns (ODP) are developed as data models for the representation of complex features. In the context of topographic processes, component assemblages are supported by resource systems and are found on local landscapes. The topographic ontology is organized across six thematic modules that can account for basic feature types, resource systems, and landscape types. Types of complex feature attributes include location, generative processes and physical description. Node/edge networks model standard spatial relations and relations specific to topographic science to represent complex features. To demonstrate these concepts, data from The National Map of the U. S. Geological Survey was converted and assembled into ODP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","doi":"10.1559/15230406382126","usgsCitation":"Varanka, D.E., 2011, Ontology patterns for complex topographic feature types: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 38, no. 2, p. 126-136, https://doi.org/10.1559/15230406382126.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"136","ipdsId":"IP-026646","costCenters":[{"id":161,"text":"Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274722,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382126"}],"country":"United States","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dbdf73e4b0f81004b77d95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varanka, Dalia E. 0000-0003-2857-9600 dvaranka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9600","contributorId":1296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varanka","given":"Dalia","email":"dvaranka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125778,"text":"70125778 - 2011 - Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T13:01:34","indexId":"70125778","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T13:00:24","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","docAbstract":"How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (∼25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brooklyn Botanical Garden","publisherLocation":"Brooklyn, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1354.1","usgsCitation":"Novak, M., Wootton, J.T., Doak, D.F., Emmerson, M., Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2011, Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 836-846, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"836","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-030612","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294079,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf44ae4b0e96537ddf806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, Mark","contributorId":45229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novak","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wootton, J. 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Timothy","contributorId":82959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70133845,"text":"70133845 - 2011 - Development of a depth-integrated sample arm to reduce solids stratification bias in stormwater sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:00:40.991522","indexId":"70133845","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3711,"text":"Water Environment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a depth-integrated sample arm to reduce solids stratification bias in stormwater sampling","docAbstract":"A new depth-integrated sample arm (DISA) was developed to improve the representation of solids in stormwater, both organic and inorganic, by collecting a water quality sample from multiple points in the water column. Data from this study demonstrate the idea of vertical stratification of solids in storm sewer runoff. Concentrations of suspended sediment in runoff were statistically greater using a fixed rather than multi-point collection system. Median suspended sediment concentrations measured at the fixed location (near the pipe invert) were approximately double those collected using the DISA. In general, concentrations and size distributions of suspended sediment decreased with increasing vertical distance from the storm sewer invert. Coarser particles tended to dominate the distribution of solids near the storm sewer invert as discharge increased. In contrast to concentration and particle size, organic material, to some extent, was distributed homogenously throughout the water column, likely the result of its low specific density, which allows for thorough mixing in less turbulent water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.2175/106143010X12851009156006","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Bannerman, R.T., 2011, Development of a depth-integrated sample arm to reduce solids stratification bias in stormwater sampling: Water Environment Research, v. 83, no. 4, p. 347-357, https://doi.org/10.2175/106143010X12851009156006.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020752","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10ece4b057be23d4a770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bannerman, Roger T.","contributorId":127491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannerman","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70190472,"text":"70190472 - 2011 - ATV magnetometer systems for efficient ground magnetic surveying","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-01T10:01:30","indexId":"70190472","displayToPublicDate":"2011-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ATV magnetometer systems for efficient ground magnetic surveying","docAbstract":"Ground magnetic data contain information, not pre-sent in aeromagnetic data, which may be useful for precisely mapping near-surface faults and contacts, as well as constraining or aiding interpretation of other geophysical methods. However, collecting ground magnetic data on foot is labor-intensive and is therefore limited to small surveys. In this article, we present two newly developed all-terrain vehicle (ATV) magnetometer systems that significantly expand the survey area that is possible in a ground magnetic survey without greatly reducing the quality of data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.3575284","usgsCitation":"Athens, N.D., Glen, J.M., Morin, R.L., and Klemperer, S.L., 2011, ATV magnetometer systems for efficient ground magnetic surveying: The Leading Edge, v. 30, no. 4, p. 394-398, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3575284.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"394","endPage":"398","ipdsId":"IP-026094","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59aa71dce4b0e9bde130d00b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Athens, Noah D. nathens@usgs.gov","contributorId":4866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athens","given":"Noah","email":"nathens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon L.","contributorId":106929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217622,"text":"70217622 - 2011 - A paleoseismic study along the central Denali Fault, Chistochina Glacier area, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T15:18:54.304064","indexId":"70217622","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-31T09:08:10","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5492,"text":"Report of Investigations of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1","title":"A paleoseismic study along the central Denali Fault, Chistochina Glacier area, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"In the Chistochina Glacier area of south-central Alaska, the active trace of the Denali fault is well defined by prominent tectonic geomorphology, including scarps, grabens, and mole tracks associated with the 2002 Mw=7.9 Denali fault earthquake. Interpretation of a trench excavated across the 2002 rupture trace places a constraint on the timing of the penultimate earthquake to after 550 to 660 yr before 2002, consis- tent with other paleoseismic studies along the central Denali fault. Field measurement of offset moraine deposits and use of existing geochronologic data is the basis to estimate a minimum latest Pleistocene slip rate of 8–14 mm/yr.","language":"English","publisher":"State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resourses, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","doi":"10.14509/22361","usgsCitation":"Koehler, R., Personius, S., Schwartz, D.P., Haeussler, P., and Seitz, G., 2011, A paleoseismic study along the central Denali Fault, Chistochina Glacier area, south-central Alaska: Report of Investigations of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys 2011-1, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.14509/22361.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-027949","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14509/22361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Christochina Glacier area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.21655273437497,\n 62.90522700054292\n ],\n [\n -143.86596679687497,\n 62.90522700054292\n ],\n [\n -143.86596679687497,\n 63.9132276742476\n ],\n [\n -148.21655273437497,\n 63.9132276742476\n ],\n [\n -148.21655273437497,\n 62.90522700054292\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koehler, R. 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G.","contributorId":248346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"G. G.","affiliations":[{"id":49866,"text":"Seitz Consulting, Los Angeles, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":9001432,"text":"fs20113026 - 2011 - Seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T13:26:56","indexId":"fs20113026","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3026","title":"Seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Chandeleur Islands are a chain of barrier islands that lies along the eastern side of the modern Mississippi River Delta plain. The island chain is located near the seaward edge of the relict St. Bernard Delta, the part of the Mississippi Delta that formed between approximately 4,000 and 2,000 years before present and was later abandoned as sedimentation shifted southward. After abandonment of the St. Bernard Delta, deposits were reworked, and the sandy component was shaped into the Chandeleur Islands. With continued subsidence, the islands became separated from their original delta headland sources and presently are isolated from the mainland by the shallow Chandeleur Sound. Newly acquired geophysical data and vibracores provide an opportunity to better understand the processes that are shaping seafloor morphology (i.e., shape, geometry, and structure of the seafloor) on the inner shelf adjacent to the Chandeleur Islands. The inner shelf offshore of the Chandeleur Islands was mapped in 2006 and 2007 using swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and high-resolution seismic-reflection techniques. The detailed results of this study were published in December 2009 (Twichell and others, 2009) as part of a special issue of Geo-Marine Letters that documents early results from the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project. This study addresses questions and concerns related to limited sand resources along the Louisiana shelf and their implications to long-term relative sea-level rise and storm impacts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113026","collaboration":"Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazard Susceptibility Project","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., and Brock, J., 2011, Seafloor erosional processes offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3026, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113026.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3026.jpg"},{"id":19240,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.5,29 ], [ -90.5,30.5 ], [ -88,30.5 ], [ -88,29 ], [ -90.5,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":99173,"text":"fs20113022 - 2011 - Buffelgrass-Integrated modeling of an invasive plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:50","indexId":"fs20113022","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3022","title":"Buffelgrass-Integrated modeling of an invasive plant","docAbstract":"Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) poses a problem in the deserts of the United States, growing in dense stands and introducing a wildfire risk in an ecosystem not adapted to fire. The Invasive Species Science Branch of the Fort Collins Science Center has worked with many partners to develop a decision support model and a data management system to address the problem. The decision support model evaluates potential strategies for resource use and allocation. The data management system is a portal where users can submit, view, and download buffelgrass data. These tools provide a case study showcasing how the FORT is working to address the urgent issue of invasive species in the United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20113022","usgsCitation":"Holcombe, T.R., 2011, Buffelgrass-Integrated modeling of an invasive plant: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3022, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113022.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3022.png"},{"id":14584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa6d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy R. holcombet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","email":"holcombet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":99172,"text":"sir20105236 - 2011 - Use of instantaneous streamflow measurements to improve regression estimates of index flow for the summer month of lowest streamflow in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20105236","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5236","title":"Use of instantaneous streamflow measurements to improve regression estimates of index flow for the summer month of lowest streamflow in Michigan","docAbstract":"In Michigan, index flow Q50 is a streamflow characteristic defined as the minimum of median flows for July, August, and September. The state of Michigan uses index flow estimates to help regulate large (greater than 100,000 gallons per day) water withdrawals to prevent adverse effects on characteristic fish populations. At sites where long-term streamgages are located, index flows are computed directly from continuous streamflow records as GageQ50. In an earlier study, a multiple-regression equation was developed to estimate index flows IndxQ50 at ungaged sites. The index equation explains about 94 percent of the variability of index flows at 147 (index) streamgages by use of six explanatory variables describing soil type, aquifer transmissivity, land cover, and precipitation characteristics. This report extends the results of the previous study, by use of Monte Carlo simulations, to evaluate alternative flow estimators, DiscQ50, IntgQ50, SiteQ50, and AugmQ50. The Monte Carlo simulations treated each of the available index streamgages, in turn, as a miscellaneous site where streamflow conditions are described by one or more instantaneous measurements of flow. In the simulations, instantaneous flows were approximated by daily mean flows at the corresponding site. All estimators use information that can be obtained from instantaneous flow measurements and contemporaneous daily mean flow data from nearby long-term streamgages. The efficacy of these estimators was evaluated over a set of measurement intensities in which the number of simulated instantaneous flow measurements ranged from 1 to 100 at a site.\r\n\r\nThe discrete measurement estimator DiscQ50 is based on a simple linear regression developed between information on daily mean flows at five or more streamgages near the miscellaneous site and their corresponding GageQ50 index flows. The regression relation then was used to compute a DiscQ50 estimate at the miscellaneous site by use of the simulated instantaneous flow measurement. This process was repeated to develop a set of DiscQ50 estimates for all simulated instantaneous measurements, a weighted DiscQ50 estimate was formed from this set. Results indicated that the expected value of this weighted estimate was more precise than the IndxQ50 estimate for all measurement intensities evaluated.\r\n\r\nThe integrated index-flow estimator, IntgQ50, was formed by computing a weighted average of the index estimate IndxQ50 and the DiscQ50 estimate. Results indicated that the IntgQ50 estimator was more precise than the DiscQ50 estimator at low measurement intensities of one to two measurements. At greater measurement intensities, the precision of the IntgQ50 estimator converges to the DiscQ50 estimator. Neither the DiscQ50 nor the IntgQ50 estimators provided site-specific estimates. In particular, although expected values of DiscQ50 and IntgQ50 estimates converge with increasing measurement intensity, they do not necessarily converge to the site-specific value of Q50.\r\n\r\nThe site estimator of flow, SiteQ50, was developed to facilitate this convergence at higher measurement intensities. This is accomplished by use of the median of simulated instantaneous flow values for each measurement intensity level. A weighted estimate of the median and information associated with the IntgQ50 estimate was used to form the SiteQ50 estimate. Initial simulations indicate that the SiteQ50 estimator generally has greater precision than the IntgQ50 estimator at measurement intensities greater than 3, however, additional analysis is needed to identify streamflow conditions under which instantaneous measurements will produce estimates that generally converge to the index flows.\r\n\r\nA preliminary augmented index regression equation was developed, which contains the index regression estimate and two additional variables associated with base-flow recession characteristics. When these recession variables were estimated as the medians of recession parameters compute","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 2011, Use of instantaneous streamflow measurements to improve regression estimates of index flow for the summer month of lowest streamflow in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5236, x, 48 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105236.","productDescription":"x, 48 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5236.gif"},{"id":14583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,40 ], [ -90,48 ], [ -82,48 ], [ -82,40 ], [ -90,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9001428,"text":"sir20105219 - 2011 - Fluctuations in groundwater levels related to regional and local withdrawals in the fractured-bedrock groundwater system in northern Wake County, North Carolina, March 2008-February 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:49:58","indexId":"sir20105219","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5219","title":"Fluctuations in groundwater levels related to regional and local withdrawals in the fractured-bedrock groundwater system in northern Wake County, North Carolina, March 2008-February 2009","docAbstract":"A study of dewatering of the fractured-bedrock aquifer in a localized area of east-central North Carolina was conducted from March 2008 through February 2009 to gain an understanding of why some privately owned wells and monitoring wells were intermittently dry. Although the study itself was localized in nature, the resulting water-resources data and information produced from the study will help enable resource managers to make sound water-supply and water-use decisions in similar crystalline-rock aquifer setting in parts of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces. In June 2005, homeowners in a subdivision of approximately 11 homes on lots approximately 1 to 2 acres in size in an unincorporated area of Wake County, North Carolina, reported extremely low water pressure and temporarily dry wells during a brief period. This area of the State, which is in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, is undergoing rapid growth and development. Similar well conditions were reported again in July 2007. In an effort to evaluate aquifer conditions in the area of intermittent water loss, a study was begun in March 2008 to measure and monitor water levels and groundwater use. During the study period from March 2008 through February 2009, regular dewatering of the fractured-bedrock aquifer was documented with water levels in many wells ranging between 100 and 200 feet below land surface. Prior to this period, water levels from the 1980s through the late 1990s were reported to range from 15 to 50 feet below land surface. The study area includes three community wells and more than 30 private wells within a 2,000-foot radius of the dewatered private wells. Although groundwater levels were low, recovery was observed during periods of heavy rainfall, most likely a result of decreased withdrawals owing to less demand for irrigation purposes. Similar areal patterns of low groundwater levels were delineated during nine water-level measurement periods from March 2008 through February 2009. Correlation of groundwater-level distribution patterns with orientations of geologic structures obtained from surficial mapping, borehole geophysical measurements, and interpretation of fracture traces suggests two dominant trends striking north-south and N. 65 degrees W. A variation in overall response to groundwater withdrawals was noted in the continuous groundwater-level records for the monitored observation wells and dewatered private wells. The largest overall declines during the study period were observed in an observation well in which the water-level declined as much as 247 feet from mid-July through early August 2008, during a period of heavy usage. A private well had a water-level decline of about 94 feet during the same monitoring period. The large declines recorded in the observation well and the private well indicated a substantial temporary loss of storage in the fractured-bedrock aquifer near the wells, thus reducing the amount of water available to shallow wells in the area (those wells with total depths of about 300 feet), and resulting in temporary well failures until such time as the aquifer recovered.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wake County Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., Almanaseer, N., McClenney, B., and Hinton, N., 2011, Fluctuations in groundwater levels related to regional and local withdrawals in the fractured-bedrock groundwater system in northern Wake County, North Carolina, March 2008-February 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5219, viii, 50 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105219.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"60","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-03-01","temporalEnd":"2009-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5219.jpg"},{"id":19236,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Wake County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-78.5465,36.0218],[-78.4307,35.9795],[-78.3969,35.9387],[-78.3567,35.9318],[-78.351,35.909],[-78.3385,35.9052],[-78.3347,35.8997],[-78.3302,35.896],[-78.3245,35.896],[-78.3177,35.8963],[-78.3137,35.8976],[-78.3081,35.8935],[-78.2948,35.8797],[-78.292,35.8792],[-78.2893,35.8741],[-78.2859,35.8713],[-78.2831,35.8681],[-78.2782,35.8631],[-78.2749,35.8567],[-78.2756,35.8494],[-78.2707,35.843],[-78.2657,35.8361],[-78.2652,35.8325],[-78.2613,35.8315],[-78.2591,35.826],[-78.2599,35.8183],[-78.3731,35.7523],[-78.4635,35.7072],[-78.4686,35.7087],[-78.4709,35.7078],[-78.4732,35.7046],[-78.4778,35.7011],[-78.5716,35.6255],[-78.708,35.5191],[-78.9196,35.5857],[-78.9956,35.6104],[-78.9796,35.6656],[-78.9439,35.7515],[-78.9421,35.756],[-78.9403,35.7615],[-78.9337,35.7859],[-78.9191,35.8216],[-78.9096,35.8506],[-78.9076,35.8678],[-78.89,35.8676],[-78.8298,35.8689],[-78.8056,35.9281],[-78.7609,35.9176],[-78.751,35.9307],[-78.7372,35.941],[-78.714,35.9729],[-78.7009,36.0068],[-78.6985,36.0131],[-78.7048,36.0091],[-78.7077,36.0087],[-78.7076,36.0132],[-78.7052,36.0223],[-78.7085,36.0287],[-78.7102,36.0287],[-78.713,36.0278],[-78.7164,36.0283],[-78.7232,36.0334],[-78.726,36.0343],[-78.7272,36.0334],[-78.7278,36.0289],[-78.7324,36.0267],[-78.7353,36.0199],[-78.7422,36.0209],[-78.75,36.026],[-78.7551,36.0283],[-78.7545,36.0301],[-78.7511,36.0323],[-78.7499,36.035],[-78.747,36.0395],[-78.7492,36.0427],[-78.7503,36.0468],[-78.7519,36.0491],[-78.7564,36.0532],[-78.7498,36.0718],[-78.7088,36.0768],[-78.6895,36.0752],[-78.5922,36.0378],[-78.5465,36.0218]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wake\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de7ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Melinda J. 0000-0003-4021-0320 mjchap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-0320","contributorId":1597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Melinda","email":"mjchap@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Almanaseer, Naser","contributorId":13732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almanaseer","given":"Naser","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClenney, Bryce","contributorId":18095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClenney","given":"Bryce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinton, Natalie","contributorId":33035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinton","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9001426,"text":"sir20105228 - 2011 - Trends in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in streams in the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Santa Ana Basins, California, 1975-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:44:56.698484","indexId":"sir20105228","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5228","title":"Trends in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in streams in the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Santa Ana Basins, California, 1975-2004","docAbstract":"A comprehensive database was assembled for the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Santa Ana Basins in California on nutrient concentrations, flows, and point and nonpoint sources of nutrients for 1975-2004. Most of the data on nutrient concentrations (nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus) were from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Information System database (35.2 percent), the California Department of Water Resources (21.9 percent), the University of California at Davis (21.6 percent), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STOrage and RETrieval database (20.0 percent). Point-source discharges accounted for less than 1 percent of river flows in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, but accounted for close to 80 percent of the nonstorm flow in the Santa Ana River. Point sources accounted for 4 and 7 percent of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads, respectively, in the Sacramento River at Freeport for 1985-2004. Point sources accounted for 8 and 17 percent of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads, respectively, in the San Joaquin River near Vernalis for 1985-2004. The volume of wastewater discharged into the Santa Ana River increased almost three-fold over the study period. However, due to improvements in wastewater treatment, the total nitrogen load to the Santa Ana River from point sources in 2004 was approximately the same as in 1975 and the total phosphorus load in 2004 was less than in 1975. Nonpoint sources of nutrients estimated in this study included atmospheric deposition, fertilizer application, manure production, and tile drainage. The estimated dry deposition of nitrogen exceeded wet deposition in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and in the basin area of the Santa Ana Basin, with ratios of dry to wet deposition of 1.7, 2.8, and 9.8, respectively. Fertilizer application increased appreciably from 1987 to 2004 in all three California basins, although manure production increased in the San Joaquin Basin but decreased in the Sacramento and Santa Ana Basins from 1982 to 2002. Tile drainage accounted for 22 percent of the total nitrogen load in the San Joaquin River near Vernalis for 1985-2004. Nutrient loads and trends were calculated by using the log-linear multiple-regression model, LOADEST. Loads were calculated for water years 1975-2004 for 22 sites in the Sacramento Basin, 15 sites in the San Joaquin Basin, and 6 sites in the Santa Ana Basin. The average annual load of total nitrogen and total phosphorus for 1985-2004 in subbasins in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins were divided by their drainage areas to calculate average annual yield. Total nitrogen yields were greater than 2.45 tons per square mile per year [(tons/mi2)/yr] in about 61 percent of the valley floor in the San Joaquin Basin compared with only about 12 percent of the valley floor in the Sacramento Basin. Total phosphorus yields were greater than 0.34 (tons/mi2)/yr in about 43 percent of the valley floor in the San Joaquin Basin compared with only about 5 percent in the valley floor of the Sacramento Basin. In a stepwise multiple linear-regression analysis of 30 subbasins in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Basins, the most important explanatory variables (out of 11 variables) for the response variable (total nitrogen yield) were the percentage of land use in (1) orchards and vineyards, (2) row crops, and (3) urban categories. For total phosphorus yield, the most important explanatory variable was the amount of fertilizer application plus manure production. Trends were evaluated for three time periods: 1975-2004, 1985-2004, and 1993-2004. Most trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of nutrients in the Sacramento Basin were downward for all three time periods. The decreasing nutrient trends in the American River at Sacramento and the Sacramento River at Freeport for 1975-2004 were attributed to the consolidation of wastewater in the Sacramento metropolitan area in December 1982 to","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105228","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Kratzer, C.R., Kent, R., Seleh, D.K., Knifong, D.L., Dileanis, P.D., and Orlando, J., 2011, Trends in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields in streams in the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Santa Ana Basins, California, 1975-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5228, xii, 112p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105228.","productDescription":"xii, 112p.","numberOfPages":"112","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5228.jpg"},{"id":410239,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95083.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Santa Ana Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0667,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -123.0667,\n 41.7333\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 41.7333\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -123.0667,\n 36.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Robert 0000-0003-4174-9467 rhkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-9467","contributorId":1445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Robert","email":"rhkent@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seleh, Dina K.","contributorId":50275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seleh","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99133,"text":"ds573 - 2011 - Tillage practices in the conterminous United States, 1989-2004: Datasets aggregated by watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T19:09:50.82379","indexId":"ds573","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"573","title":"Tillage practices in the conterminous United States, 1989-2004: Datasets aggregated by watershed","docAbstract":"This report documents the methods used to aggregate county-level tillage practices to the 8-digit hydrologic unit (HU) watershed. The original county-level data were collected by the Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC). The CTIC collects tillage data by conducting surveys about tillage systems for all counties in the United States. Tillage systems include three types of conservation tillage (no-till, ridge-till, and mulch-till), reduced tillage, and intensive tillage. Total planted acreage for each tillage practice for each crop grown is reported to the CTIC. The dataset includes total planted acreage by tillage type for selected crops (corn, cotton, grain sorghum, soybeans, fallow, forage, newly established permanent pasture, spring and fall seeded small grains, and 'other' crops) for 1989-2004. Two tabular datasets, based on the 1992 enhanced and 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD), are provided as part of this report and include the land-cover area-weighted interpolation and aggregation of acreage for each tillage practice in each 8-digit HU watershed in the conterminous United States for each crop. Watershed aggregations were done by overlying the 8-digit HU polygons with a raster of county boundaries and a raster of either the enhanced 1992 or the 2001 NLCD for cultivated land to derive a county/land-cover area weighting factor. The weighting factor then was applied to the county-level tillage data for the counties within each 8-digit HU and summed to yield the total acreage of each tillage type within each 8-digit HU watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds573","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment ProgramPrepared in cooperation with the Conservation Technology Information Center","usgsCitation":"Baker, N.T., 2011, Tillage practices in the conterminous United States, 1989-2004: Datasets aggregated by watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 573, Report: iv, 12 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds573.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 3 Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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northern Honshu, Japan","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey data indicate that the area affected by the March 11, 2011, magnitude 9.0 earthquake and associated tsunami is home to nine cement plants, eight iodine plants, four iron and steel plants, four limestone mines, three copper refineries, two gold refineries, two lead refineries, two zinc refineries, one titanium dioxide plant, and one titanium sponge processing facility. These facilities have the capacity to produce the following percentages of the world's nonfuel mineral production: 25 percent of iodine, 10 percent of titanium sponge (metal), 3 percent of refined zinc, 2.5 percent of refined copper, and 1.4 percent of steel. In addition, the nine cement plants contribute about one-third of Japan's cement annual production. The iodine is a byproduct from production of natural gas at the Miniami Kanto gas field, east of Tokyo in Chiba Prefecture. Japan is the world's second leading (after Chile) producer of iodine, which is processed in seven nearby facilities. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111069","usgsCitation":"Menzie, W.D., Baker, M.S., Bleiwas, D.I., and Kuo, C., 2011, Mines and mineral processing facilities in the vicinity of the March 11, 2011, earthquake in northern Honshu, Japan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1069, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111069.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":261,"text":"Energy and Minerals and Environmental Health","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1069.gif"},{"id":14579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 141,35 ], [ 141,40 ], [ 139,40 ], [ 139,35 ], [ 141,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Michael S. 0000-0003-2507-3436 mbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-3436","contributorId":50481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Michael","email":"mbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuo, Chin","contributorId":86086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuo","given":"Chin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207949,"text":"70207949 - 2011 - Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 2. An evaluation of the predictive ability of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:04:08","indexId":"70207949","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-26T08:00:25","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 2. An evaluation of the predictive ability of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines","docAbstract":"Three sets of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) were evaluated to support the selection of sediment-quality benchmarks for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates in the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. These SQGs included probable effect concentrations (PECs), effects range median values (ERMs), and logistic regression model (LRMs)-based T50 values. The results of this investigation indicate that all three sets of SQGs tend to underestimate sediment toxicity in the Calcasieu Estuary (i.e., relative to the national data sets), as evaluated using the results of 10-day toxicity tests with the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, or Ampelisca abdita, and 28-day whole-sediment toxicity tests with the H. azteca. These results emphasize the importance of deriving site-specific toxicity thresholds for assessing risks to benthic invertebrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., Smorong, D., Sinclair, J., Lindskoog, R., Wang, N., Severn, C., Gouguet, R., Meyer, J., and Field, J., 2011, Baseline ecological risk assessment of the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana: Part 2. An evaluation of the predictive ability of effects-based sediment-quality guidelines: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 14-28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-010-9637-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana ","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu 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\"}}]}","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smorong, Dawn","contributorId":120128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smorong","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinclair, Jesse A.","contributorId":66967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"Jesse A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindskoog, Rebekka","contributorId":27321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindskoog","given":"Rebekka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Severn, Corrine","contributorId":40080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severn","given":"Corrine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gouguet, Ron","contributorId":103777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gouguet","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meyer, John","contributorId":36265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Field, Jay","contributorId":80963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":99129,"text":"sir20115025 - 2011 - Three-dimensional geologic model of the southeastern Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:57","indexId":"sir20115025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5025","title":"Three-dimensional geologic model of the southeastern Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This multimedia model and report show and describe digital three-dimensional faulted surfaces and volumes of lithologic units that confine and constrain the basin-fill aquifers within the Espanola Basin of north-central New Mexico. These aquifers are the primary groundwater resource for the cities of Santa Fe and Espanola, six Pueblo nations, and the surrounding areas. The model presented in this report is a synthesis of geologic information that includes (1) aeromagnetic and gravity data and seismic cross sections; (2) lithologic descriptions, interpretations, and geophysical logs from selected drill holes; (3) geologic maps, geologic cross sections, and interpretations; and (4) mapped faults and interpreted faults from geophysical data. Modeled faults individually or collectively affect the continuity of the rocks that contain the basin aquifers; they also help define the form of this rift basin. Structure, trend, and dip data not previously published were added; these structures are derived from interpretations of geophysical information and recent field observations. Where possible, data were compared and validated and reflect the complex relations of structures in this part of the Rio Grande rift.\r\n\r\nThis interactive geologic framework model can be used as a tool to visually explore and study geologic structures within the Espanola Basin, to show the connectivity of geologic units of high and low permeability between and across faults, and to show approximate dips of the lithologic units. The viewing software can be used to display other data and information, such as drill-hole data, within this geologic framework model in three-dimensional space.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115025","usgsCitation":"Pantea, M.P., Hudson, M., Grauch, V.J., and Minor, S.A., 2011, Three-dimensional geologic model of the southeastern Espanola Basin, Santa Fe County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5025, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115025.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5025.png"},{"id":14578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,35 ], [ -109,38 ], [ -105,38 ], [ -105,35 ], [ -109,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b88b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pantea, Michael P. mpantea@usgs.gov","contributorId":1549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantea","given":"Michael","email":"mpantea@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":99127,"text":"sir20105260 - 2011 - Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"sir20105260","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5260","title":"Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006","docAbstract":"Improved flood-frequency information is important throughout California in general and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin in particular, because of an extensive network of flood-control levees and the risk of catastrophic flooding. A key first step in updating flood-frequency information is determining regional skew. A Bayesian generalized least squares (GLS) regression method was used to derive a regional-skew model based on annual peak-discharge data for 158 long-term (30 or more years of record) stations throughout most of California. The desert areas in southeastern California had too few long-term stations to reliably determine regional skew for that hydrologically distinct region; therefore, the desert areas were excluded from the regional skew analysis for California. Of the 158 long-term stations used to determine regional skew, 145 have minimally regulated annual-peak discharges, and 13 stations are dam sites for which unregulated peak discharges were estimated from unregulated daily maximum discharge data furnished by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. Station skew was determined by using an expected moments algorithm (EMA) program for fitting the Pearson Type 3 flood-frequency distribution to the logarithms of annual peak-discharge data.\r\n\r\nThe Bayesian GLS regression method previously developed was modified because of the large cross correlations among concurrent recorded peak discharges in California and the use of censored data and historical flood information with the new expected moments algorithm. In particular, to properly account for these cross-correlation problems and develop a suitable regression model and regression diagnostics, a combination of Bayesian weighted least squares and generalized least squares regression was adopted. This new methodology identified a nonlinear function relating regional skew to mean basin elevation. The regional skew values ranged from -0.62 for a mean basin elevation of zero to 0.61 for a mean basin elevation of 11,000 feet. This relation between skew and elevation reflects the interaction of snow with rain, which increases with increased elevation. The equivalent record length for the new regional skew ranges from 52 to 65 years of record, depending upon mean basin elevation. The old regional skew map in Bulletin 17B, published by the Hydrology Subcommittee of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (1982), reported an equivalent record length of only 17 years.\r\n\r\nThe newly developed regional skew relation for California was used to update flood frequency for the 158 sites used in the regional skew analysis as well as 206 selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin. For these sites, annual-peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years were determined on the basis of data through water year 2006. The expected moments algorithm was used for determining the magnitude and frequency of floods at gaged sites by using regional skew values and using the basic approach outlined in Bulletin \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Forest Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., Veilleux, A., Stedinger, J., Barth, N., Knifong, D.L., and Ferris, J., 2011, Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5260, vi, 40 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105260.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5260.jpg"},{"id":14576,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,38 ], [ -124.5,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,38 ], [ -124.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea","contributorId":65212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stedinger, J.R.","contributorId":90733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedinger","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barth, N.A.","contributorId":31512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knifong, Donna L. dknifong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knifong","given":"Donna","email":"dknifong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":99120,"text":"ds575 - 2011 - Endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals of concern in surface water, wastewater-treatment plant effluent, and bed sediment, and biological characteristics in selected streams, Minnesota: Design, methods, and data, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T20:53:40.339098","indexId":"ds575","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"575","title":"Endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals of concern in surface water, wastewater-treatment plant effluent, and bed sediment, and biological characteristics in selected streams, Minnesota: Design, methods, and data, 2009","docAbstract":"This report presents the study design, environmental data, and quality-assurance data for an integrated chemical and biological study of selected streams or lakes that receive wastewater-treatment plant effluent in Minnesota. This study was a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Cloud State University, the University of St. Thomas, and the University of Colorado. The objective of the study was to identify distribution patterns of endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other organic and inorganic chemicals of concern indicative of wastewater effluent, and to identify biological characteristics of estrogenicity and fish responses in the same streams.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed water, bed-sediment, and quality-assurance samples, and measured or recorded streamflow once at each sampling location from September through November 2009. Sampling locations included surface water and wastewater-treatment plant effluent. Twenty-five wastewater-treatment plants were selected to include continuous flow and periodic release facilities with differing processing steps (activated sludge or trickling filters) and plant design flows ranging from 0.002 to 10.9 cubic meters per second (0.04 to 251 million gallons per day) throughout Minnesota in varying land-use settings. Water samples were collected from the treated effluent of the 25 wastewater-treatment plants and at one point upstream from and one point downstream from wastewater-treatment plant effluent discharges. Bed-sediment samples also were collected at each of the stream or lake locations. Water samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, pharmaceuticals, phytoestrogens and pharmaceuticals, alkylphenols and other neutral organic chemicals, carboxylic acids, and steroidal hormones. A subset (25 samples) of the bed-sediment samples were analyzed for carbon, wastewater-indicator chemicals, and steroidal hormones; the remaining samples were archived.\r\n\r\nBiological characteristics were determined by using an in-vitro bioassay to determine total estrogenicity in water samples and a caged fish study to determine characteristics of fish from experiments that exposed fish to wastewater effluent in 2009. St. Cloud State University deployed and processed caged fathead minnows at 13 stream sites during September 2009 for the caged fish study. Measured fish data included length, weight, body condition factor, and vitellogenin concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds575","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Cloud State University, University of St. Thomas, and the University of Colorado","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Langer, S.K., Barber, L.B., Writer, J.H., Ferrey, M.L., Schoenfuss, H.L., Furlong, E.T., Foreman, W., Gray, J.L., ReVello, R., Martinovic, D., Woodruff, O.R., Keefe, S.H., Brown, G.K., Taylor, H.E., Ferrer, I., and Thurman, E.M., 2011, Endocrine active chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals of concern in surface water, wastewater-treatment plant effluent, and bed sediment, and biological characteristics in selected streams, Minnesota: Design, methods, and data, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 575, x, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds575.","productDescription":"x, 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The purpose of this component was to document the grain-size distribution of sediment deposited as specific types of physical features, such as sandbars, banks, and stream beds within different hydraulic habitats, within the lower Platte River system. In so doing, the major sources of sediment for sandbar creation downstream are described. Sediment samples were collected from 11 reaches of the lower Platte River from Silver Creek, Nebraska, to the mouth of the Platte River, and from 4 tributary streams. Two bed-material samples, 2 bank-material samples, and 3 sandbar-material samples were collected at main-stem sampling sites, and 1 sample each of bed material and bank material was collected at each tributary sampling site. Aspects of channel geometry, such as channel width, sandbar height and width, and bank height, were measured at each sampled site. This report presents the channel-geometry results and documents the sample-collection methods.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds572","collaboration":"pared in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers\r\n","usgsCitation":"Schaepe, N.J., and Alexander, J.S., 2011, Sediment samples and channel-geometry data, lower Platte River watershed, Nebraska, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 572, iv, 20 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds572.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_572.jpg"},{"id":14573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/572/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,40.666666666666664 ], [ -98,42 ], [ -95.66666666666667,42 ], [ -95.66666666666667,40.666666666666664 ], [ -98,40.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepe, Nathaniel J. 0000-0003-1776-7411 nschaepe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-7411","contributorId":2377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepe","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nschaepe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Jason S. 0000-0002-1602-482X jalexand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-482X","contributorId":2802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"jalexand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9001418,"text":"ofr20101319 - 2011 - The 1996-2009 borehole dilatometer installations, operation, and maintenance at sites in Long Valley Caldera, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T21:25:58.671448","indexId":"ofr20101319","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1319","title":"The 1996-2009 borehole dilatometer installations, operation, and maintenance at sites in Long Valley Caldera, CA","docAbstract":"High seismicity levels with accelerating uplift (under the resurgent dome) in Long Valley caldera in the eastern Sierra Nevada from 1989 to 1997, triggered upgrades to dilational strainmeters and other instrumentation installed in the early 1980's following a series of magnitude 6 earthquakes. This included two additional high-resolution borehole strainmeters and replacement of the failed strainmeter at Devil's Postpile. The purpose of the borehole-monitoring network is to monitor crustal deformation and other geophysical parameters associated with volcanic intrusions and earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera. Additional instrumentation was added at these sites to improve the capability of providing continuous monitoring of the magma source under the resurgent dome. Sites were selected in regions of hard crystalline rock, where the expected signals from magmatic activity were calculated to be a maximum and the probability of an earthquake of magnitude 4 or greater is large. For the most part, the dilatometers were installed near existing arrays of surface tiltmeters, seismometers, level line, and GPS arrays. At each site, attempts are made to separate tectonic and volcanic signals from known noise sources in each instrument type.\r\n\r\nEach of these sites was planned to be a multi-parameter monitoring site, which included measurements of 3-component seismic velocity and acceleration, borehole strain, tilt, pore pressure and magnetic field. Using seismicity, geophysical knowledge, geologic and topographic maps, and geologists recommendations, lists of preliminary sites were chosen. Additional requirements were access, and telemetry constraints. When the final site choice was made, a permit was obtained from the U.S. Forest Service.\r\n\r\nFollowing this selection process, two new borehole sites were installed on the north and south side of the Long Valley Caldera in June of 1999. One site was located near Big Spring Campground to the east of Crestview. The second site was located at the Motocross Track (near Old Mammoth) in the South Moat. This report describes the methods used to install these strainmeters and various other types of borehole instruments at these sites together with the site at Devil's Postpile and telemeter the data obtained to the USGS base in Menlo Park, Calif.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101319","usgsCitation":"Myren, G., Johnston, M., and Mueller, R., 2011, The 1996-2009 borehole dilatometer installations, operation, and maintenance at sites in Long Valley Caldera, CA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1319, iii, 159 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101319.","productDescription":"iii, 159 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1319.gif"},{"id":405848,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_95079.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14567,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.0839,\n 37.6167\n ],\n [\n -118.9439,\n 37.6167\n ],\n [\n -118.9439,\n 37.7619\n ],\n [\n -119.0839,\n 37.7619\n ],\n [\n -119.0839,\n 37.6167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myren, Glenn","contributorId":91610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myren","given":"Glenn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm","contributorId":34512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Robert","contributorId":106917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9001420,"text":"ofr20101322 - 2011 - Limnological and water-quality data from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina, Denali National Park and Preserve and surrounding area, Alaska, June 2006-August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:59","indexId":"ofr20101322","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1322","title":"Limnological and water-quality data from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina, Denali National Park and Preserve and surrounding area, Alaska, June 2006-August 2008","docAbstract":"Growing visitor traffic and resource use, as well as natural and anthropogenic land and climatic changes, can place increasing stress on lake ecosystems in Denali National Park and Preserve. Baseline data required to substantiate impact assessment in this sub-arctic region is sparse to non-existent. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, conducted a water-quality assessment of several large lakes in and around the Park from June 2006 to August 2008. Discrete water-quality samples, lake profiles of pH, specific conductivity, dissolved-oxygen concentration, water temperature, turbidity, and continuous-record temperature profile data were collected from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina. In addition, zooplankton, snow chemistry data, fecal coliform, and inflow/outflow water-quality samples also were collected from Wonder Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101322","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Long, D., and Arp, C., 2011, Limnological and water-quality data from Wonder Lake, Chilchukabena Lake, and Lake Minchumina, Denali National Park and Preserve and surrounding area, Alaska, June 2006-August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1322, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101322.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1322.jpg"},{"id":19232,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153,62 ], [ -153,64.08333333333333 ], [ -148.5,64.08333333333333 ], [ -148.5,62 ], [ -153,62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, D.A.","contributorId":89270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198341,"text":"70198341 - 2011 - Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T10:10:08","indexId":"70198341","displayToPublicDate":"2011-03-23T07:52:52","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"subseriesTitle":"Geodesy and Gravity/Tectonophysics","title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Rapid changes in ground tilt and GPS positions on Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, are interpreted as resulting from a shallow, two‐segment dike intrusion into the east rift zone that began at 1217 UTC (0217 HST) on 17 June 2007 and lasted almost 3 days. As a result of the intrusion, a very small volume of basalt (about 1500 m3) erupted on 19 June. Northward tilt at a coastal tiltmeter, subsidence of south flank GPS sites, southeastward displacements at southwestern flank GPS sites, and a swarm of flank earthquakes suggest that a slow slip event occurred on the décollement beneath Kīlauea's south flank concurrent with the rift intrusion. We use 4 min GPS positions that include estimates of time‐dependent tropospheric gradients and ground tilt data to study the spatial and temporal relationships between the two inferred shallow, steeply dipping dike segments extending from the surface to about 2 km depth and décollement slip at 8 km depth. We invert for the temporal evolution of distributed dike opening and décollement slip in independent inversions at each time step using a nonnegative least squares algorithm. On the basis of these inversions, the intrusion occurred in two stages that correspond spatially and temporally with concentrated rift zone seismicity. The dike opening began on the western of the two segments before jumping to the eastern segment, where the majority of opening accumulated. Dike opening preceded the start of décollement slip at an 84% confidence level; the latter is indicated by the onset of northward tilt of a coastal tiltmeter. Displacements at southwest flank GPS sites began about 18 h later and are interpreted as resulting from slow slip on the southwestern flank. Additional constraints on the evolution of the intrusion and décollement slip come from inversion of an Envisat interferogram that spans the intrusion until 0822 UTC on 18 June 2007, combined with GPS and tilt data. This inversion shows that up to 0822 UTC on 18 June, décollement slip is only required in a limited region offshore of Ka'ena Point. A similar inversion of the complete event, which includes GPS and tilt data up to 21 June and a second Envisat interferogram spanning the complete intrusion until 21 June, shows décollement slip spread westward across the south flank. This may suggest westward migration of the décollement slip as the event progressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007762","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Sinnett, D.K., Larson, K., Poland, M., Segall, P., and Miklius, A., 2011, Spatiotemporal evolution of dike opening and décollement slip at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B3, B03401; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007762.","productDescription":"B03401; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007762","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.33333333333334,19.166666666666668 ], [ -155.33333333333334,19.5 ], [ -154.75,19.5 ], [ -154.75,19.166666666666668 ], [ -155.33333333333334,19.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b45ae4b0702d0e844b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery-Brown, Emily K. emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","contributorId":5300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery-Brown","given":"Emily","email":"emontgomery-brown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinnett, D. K.","contributorId":16680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinnett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886 asta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":2060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","email":"asta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}