During the Gary and Mankato substages of Wisconsin glaciation the Des Moines lobe advanced southeastward through the broad lowland of the Minnesota River valley of southwestern Minnesota, and thence southward to central Iowa.
\nAmong the most prominent topographic features in Lyon County, Minn., are five southeastward-trending end moraines, two of which are associated with and parallel to belts of surficial outwash that are approximately half a mile to a mile wide. Test drilling indicated that one of the belts of outwash is underlain by a complex system of buried melt-water channels. The other is the upper part of a series of deposits in an incised channel. The channels are filled with till, glaciolacustrine deposits, and outwash, which includes permeable deposits of water-bearing sand and gravel.
\nAssociated with the surficial melt-water channels is a pronounced southeastward-trending linear drainage pattern. By studying the lineation of streams and lakes, analyzing the available water-well data, and drilling test holes, several elongate deposits of buried outwash having little or no topographic expression were located. The long axes of the deposits are generally parallel to the lineation of the drainage and the end moraines.
\nThe melt-water channels in Lyon County trend southeastward because the flank of the ice sheet was confined by a landmass that sloped to the northeast. Similar buried channels may be present elsewhere along the southwest flank of the Des Moines lobe. If so, they probably can be located by the methods described.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539F","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation, and the Marshall Municipal Utilities, Marshall, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., and Rodis, H.G., 1961, Aquifers in melt-water channels along the southwest flank of the Des Moines Lobe, Lyon County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539F.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28994,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Des Moines Lobe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 44.18417357325395\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 44.67255939212045\n ],\n [\n -95.57968139648438,\n 44.67255939212045\n ],\n [\n -95.57968139648438,\n 44.18417357325395\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 44.18417357325395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodis, Harry G.","contributorId":25141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodis","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3204,"text":"wsp1591A - 1961 - Urban growth and the water regimen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1591A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1591","chapter":"A","title":"Urban growth and the water regimen","docAbstract":"The continuing growth and concentration of population and industry in urban and suburban areas in recent decades has caused a complex merging of social, economic, and physical problems, The interrelationships of man and his use and development of the land and water resources is a particularly significant aspect of urbanization, but there has been relatively little study to date of the effect of urban man upon natural hydrologic conditions. \r\n\r\nAs urban man changes an area from one of field and forest to one of buildings and streets, he covers land where water once entered the soil, and thus creates or aggravates problems of drainage, including storm-water runoff. As he requires increasing amounts of water for home and factory, he drills deeper wells, and builds longer aqueducts and larger dams and reservoirs. As he disposes of un- wanted waste materials, he either treats them by using water or pollutes the receiving body of water. As he dredges and deepens coastal streams carrying salt water, and he pumps greater quantities of water from wells in coastal areas, he increases the likelihood of salt-water contamination. These and many other urban effects upon hydrology deserve increasing study if we are to provide for the best use of the water and land resources available to the Nation's urban centers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1591A","usgsCitation":"Savini, J., and Kammerer, J., 1961, Urban growth and the water regimen: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1591, 1 v. (issued as seperate chapters) :ill. ;24 cm. ;43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1591A.","productDescription":"1 v. (issued as seperate chapters) :ill. ;24 cm. ;43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1591a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30191,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1591a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1591a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f238b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savini, John","contributorId":67491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savini","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kammerer, J.C.","contributorId":24762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3145,"text":"wsp1539C - 1961 - Ground-water reconnaissance of Winnemucca Lake Valley, Pershing and Washoe Counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"wsp1539C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"C","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of Winnemucca Lake Valley, Pershing and Washoe Counties, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539C","usgsCitation":"Zones, C.P., 1961, Ground-water reconnaissance of Winnemucca Lake Valley, Pershing and Washoe Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, 18 p. :maps ;24 cm. & 1 map in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539C.","productDescription":"18 p. :maps ;24 cm. & 1 map in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109974,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24727.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24727"},{"id":138877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30092,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30093,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zones, Christie Paul","contributorId":25550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zones","given":"Christie","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61068,"text":"mf240 - 1961 - Preliminary geologic map and sections of the north end of the Oquirrh Range (Mills Junction, Garfield and Magna 7 1/2-minute quadrangles), Tooele and Salt Lake Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T14:11:24","indexId":"mf240","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"240","title":"Preliminary geologic map and sections of the north end of the Oquirrh Range (Mills Junction, Garfield and Magna 7 1/2-minute quadrangles), Tooele and Salt Lake Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf240","usgsCitation":"Tooker, E.W., and Roberts, R.J., 1961, Preliminary geologic map and sections of the north end of the Oquirrh Range (Mills Junction, Garfield and Magna 7 1/2-minute quadrangles), Tooele and Salt Lake Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 240, 52.50 x 35.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf240.","productDescription":"52.50 x 35.26 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360379,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0240/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0240/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County, Tooele County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.33333333333333,40.6175 ], [ -112.33333333333333,40.75 ], [ -112,40.75 ], [ -112,40.6175 ], [ -112.33333333333333,40.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tooker, E. W.","contributorId":102071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tooker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, R. J.","contributorId":58250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3057,"text":"wsp1716 - 1961 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1960, Part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp1716","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1716","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1960, Part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1716","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., 1961, Surface water supply of the United States, 1960, Part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1716, x, 394 p. :tables ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1716.","productDescription":"x, 394 p. :tables ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1716/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1716/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db694337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3056,"text":"wsp1713 - 1961 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1960, Part 9, Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp1713","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1960, Part 9, Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1713","usgsCitation":"Hendricks, E.L., 1961, Surface water supply of the United States, 1960, Part 9, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1713, xii, 520 p. :tables ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1713.","productDescription":"xii, 520 p. :tables ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1713/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29910,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1713/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db694297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendricks, E. L.","contributorId":50126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3051,"text":"wsp1628 - 1961 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1959, Part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp1628","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1628","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1959, Part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River Basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1628","usgsCitation":"Wells, J.V., 1961, Surface water supply of the United States, 1959, Part 5, Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1628, xii, 562 p. :tables ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1628.","productDescription":"xii, 562 p. :tables ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1628/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1628/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69618b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, J. V. B.","contributorId":57037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3046,"text":"wsp1581 - 1961 - Ground-water potentialities in the Crescent Valley, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"wsp1581","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1581","title":"Ground-water potentialities in the Crescent Valley, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Crescent Valley is an intermontane basin in Eureka and Lander Counties, just south of the Humboldt River in north-central Nevada. The valley floor, with an area of about 150 square miles, has a shape that more nearly resembles a Y than a crescent, although the valley apparently was named after the arc described by its southern part and northeastern arm. The northwestern arm of the Y extends northward to the small railroad town of Beowawe on the Humboldt River; the northeastern arm lies east of the low Dry Hills. The leg of the Y extends southwestward toward a narrow gap which separates the Crescent Valley from the Carico Lake Valley. The total drainage area of the Crescent Valley-about 700 square miles--includes also the slopes of the bordering mountain ranges: the Shoshone Range to the west, the Cortez Mountains to the east, and the Toiyabe Range to the south. \r\n\r\nThe early history of the Crescent Valley was dominated by mining of silver and gold, centered at Lander in the Shoshone Range and at Cortez and Mill Canyon in the Cortez Mountains, but in recent years the only major mining activity has been at Gold Acres; there open-pit mining of low-grade gold ore has supported a community of about 200. For many years the only agricultural enterprises in the valley were two cattle ranches, but recently addition lands have been developed for the raising of crops in the west-central part of the valley. The average annual precipitation upon the floor of the Crescent Valley is probably less than 7 inches, of which only a little more than 1 inch formally falls during the growing season (from June through September). This is far less than the requirement of any plants of economic value, and irrigation is essential to agricultural development. Small perennial streams rising in the mountains have long been utilized for domestic supply, mining and milling activities of the past, and irrigation, and recently some large wells have been developed for irrigation. In 1956 the total pumpage from wells in the valley was 2,300 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nThe Crescent Valley is a basin in which has accumulated a large volume of sediments that had been eroded and transported by streams from the surrounding mountains. The deepest wells have penetrated only the upper 350 feet of these sediments, which on the basis of the known thickness of sediments in other intermontane basins in central Nevada may be as much as several thousand feet thick. Because this valley fill is saturated practically to the level of the valley floor, the total volume of ground water in storage amounts to millions of acre-feet. In practically all wells drilled to date, the water has been of a quality satisfactory for irrigation and domestic use. \r\n\r\nThe amount of water that can be developed and used perennially is far smaller than the total in storage and is dependent upon the average annual recharge to the ground-water reservoir. This recharge comes principally from streams, fed largely by snowmelt, that drain the higher mountains. The average annum recharge to the valley fill is estimated to be about 13,000 acre-feet. This natural supply, which is largely consumed by native vegetation on the valley floor, constitutes a perennial supply for beneficial use only to the extent that the natural discharge can be reduced. In time, much of the natural discharge, can probably be salvaged, if it is economically feasible to pump ground water after water levels have been lowered as much as 100 feet in the areas that now appear to be favorable for the development of irrigation supplies. \r\nIn 5 wells in the phreatophyte area, where the water table is within 3-8 feet \r\nof the land surface, the trends in water level have paralleled those, in precipitation-downward during the dry years 1952-55, upward in wetter 1956 and 1957, \r\nand as high in 1957 as at any time since 1948. In most wells there is also a \r\nseasonal fluctuation of 1-3 feet, from a high in the spring to a low in the fall. \r\nThere is no evi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1581","usgsCitation":"Zones, C.P., 1961, Ground-water potentialities in the Crescent Valley, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1581, iv, 50 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1581.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p. :maps (1 fold. in pocket) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1581/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29899,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1581/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29900,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1581/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zones, Christie Paul","contributorId":25550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zones","given":"Christie","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24660,"text":"ofr60139 - 1961 - Recharging ground-water reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T09:52:22","indexId":"ofr60139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-139","title":"Recharging ground-water reservoirs","docAbstract":"Successful artificial recharge of a ground-water reservoir depends upon many factors. Some factors are very complicated and technical. This paper will deal briefly with some of them. For a more comprehensive description of ground-water reservoirs and their artificial recharge, the publications listed at the end of this paper should be consulted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr60139","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G.H., 1961, Recharging ground-water reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-139, i, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr60139.","productDescription":"i, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr60139.jpg"},{"id":310235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0139/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George H.","contributorId":24386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2662,"text":"wsp1602 - 1961 - Effect of reforestation on streamflow in central New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1602","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1602","title":"Effect of reforestation on streamflow in central New York","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data have been collected since 1932 in central New York State to determine the effect of reforestation on streamflow. Data are available for three small partly reforested areas and for one nonreforested control area. From 35 to 58 percent of the 3 areas were reforested, mostly with species of pine and spruce. The trees were allowed to grow without thinning or cutting, and by 1958 these reforested areas had developed into dense coniferous woodlots. \r\n\r\nIntensive statistical analyses of the data from the four study areas were made in 1958. Analyses were made for three hydrologic periods: the dormant season represented by the 6-month period ending April 30, the growing season represented by the 6-month period ending October 31, and the year represented by the 12-month period ending April 30. Analyses of the hydrologic data using multiple correlation with time as a variable and analyses of covariance between early and late periods of record indicated that several significant changes had occurred in the streamflow from the partly reforested study areas. Based on correlation with precipitation, total runoff for the dormant season from the 3 study areas was reduced by annual rates of 0.17 to 0.29 inches per year. Based on correlations with streamflow from a control area, total runoff from the partly reforested Shackham Brook area was reduced by average rates of 0.14 inches per growing season, 0.23 inches per dormant season, and 0.36 inches per hydrologic year. Peak discharges on Shackham Brook during the dormant season were reduced by 1958 by an average of 41 percent for the season, with reductions ranging from an average of 66 percent for November to an average of 16 percent for April. No significant changes were found in the peak discharges for the growing season, rates of base-flow recession, volumes of direct runoff, or annual low flows of streams in the three partly reforested areas. \r\n\r\nThe significant reductions in total runoff are attributed to increases in interception and transpiration in the reforested areas. The reductions in peak discharges during the dormant period are attributed largely to increased interception and sublimation of snowfall, and a gradual desynchronization of snowmelt runoff from the wooded and open areas of partly reforested watersheds. The changes in streamflow occurred gradually over the years; it could not be determined from the data whether changes in streamflow were still occurring in 1958, or whether they had reached a maximum.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1602","usgsCitation":"Schneider, W.J., and Ayer, G.R., 1961, Effect of reforestation on streamflow in central New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1602, v, 61 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1602.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :maps, diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1602/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28999,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1602/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, William Joseph","contributorId":104466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayer, Gordon Roundy","contributorId":52950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayer","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"Roundy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3523,"text":"cir450 - 1961 - Sonic depth sounder for laboratory and field use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"cir450","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"450","title":"Sonic depth sounder for laboratory and field use","docAbstract":"The laboratory investigation of roughness in alluvial channels has led to the development of a special electronic device capable of mapping the streambed configuration under dynamic conditions. This electronic device employs an ultrasonic pulse-echo principle, similar to that of a fathometer, that utilizes microsecond techniques to give high accuracy in shallow depths. This instrument is known as the sonic depth sounder and was designed to cover a depth range of 0 to 4 feet with an accuracy of ? 0.5 percent. The sonic depth sounder is capable of operation at frequencies of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 kilocycles. The ultrasonic beam generated at the transducer is designed to give a minimum-diameter interrogating signal over the extended depth range. The information obtained from a sonic depth sounder is recorded on a strip-chart recorder. This permanent record allows an analysis to be made of the streambed configuration under different dynamic conditions. \r\n\r\nThe model 1024 sonic depth sounder was designed principally as a research instrument to meet laboratory needs. As such, it is somewhat limited in its application as a field instrument on large streams and rivers. The principles employed in this instrument, however, have many potentials for field applications such as the indirect measurement of bed load when the bed roughness is ripples and (or) dunes, depth measurement, determination of bed configuration, and determination of depth of scour around bridge piers and abutments. For field application a modification of the present system into a battery-operated lightweight instrument designed to operate at a depth range of 0 to 30 feet is possible and desirable.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir450","usgsCitation":"Richardson, E., Simons, D., and Posakony, G., 1961, Sonic depth sounder for laboratory and field use: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 450, 7 p. :graphs ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir450.","productDescription":"7 p. :graphs ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1961/0450/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1961/0450/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, E.V.","contributorId":105697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, Daryl B.","contributorId":35715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Daryl B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Posakony, G.J.","contributorId":13211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posakony","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":43366,"text":"ofr61101 - 1961 - Geology of the Malaspina district, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:09","indexId":"ofr61101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-101","title":"Geology of the Malaspina district, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr61101","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.J., 1961, Geology of the Malaspina district, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-101, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr61101.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106310,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7987.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7987"},{"id":162520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":99056,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0101/plate-1.pdf","size":"13461","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99057,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0101/plate-2.pdf","size":"4364","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Don John","contributorId":77120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":34034,"text":"b1139 - 1961 - Index of metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits of Alaska compiled from published reports of Federal and State agencies through 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:21","indexId":"b1139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1139","title":"Index of metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits of Alaska compiled from published reports of Federal and State agencies through 1959","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1139","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E.H., and Kachadoorian, R., 1961, Index of metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits of Alaska compiled from published reports of Federal and State agencies through 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1139, 363 p. ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1139.","productDescription":"363 p. ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":92552,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1139/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":92553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1139/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f434c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobb, Edward Huntington","contributorId":25916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Huntington","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kachadoorian, Reuben","contributorId":24336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kachadoorian","given":"Reuben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52189,"text":"ofr6193 - 1961 - Interim report on geologic investigations of the U12e tunnel system, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:14","indexId":"ofr6193","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-93","title":"Interim report on geologic investigations of the U12e tunnel system, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6193","usgsCitation":"McKeown, F.A., and Dickey, D., 1961, Interim report on geologic investigations of the U12e tunnel system, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-93, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6193.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1961/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKeown, F. A.","contributorId":106100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickey, D.D.","contributorId":15612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickey","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":968,"text":"wsp1535D - 1961 - Calcium carbonate saturation in ground water, from routine analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-08T13:01:31","indexId":"wsp1535D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1535","chapter":"D","title":"Calcium carbonate saturation in ground water, from routine analyses","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1535D","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1961, Calcium carbonate saturation in ground water, from routine analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1535, iii, 14 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1535D.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25505,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":265372,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535d/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43772,"text":"ofr61113 - 1961 - Geologic map of Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43772,"text":"ofr61113 - 1961 - Geologic map of Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr61113","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62338,"text":"gq213 - 1963 - Geologic map of the Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"gq213","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":62338,"text":"gq213 - 1963 - Geologic map of the Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"gq213","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr61113","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"61-113","title":"Geologic map of Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr61113","usgsCitation":"Orkild, P.P., 1961, Geologic map of Tippipah Spring quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-113, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr61113.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106313,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7991"},{"id":162794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orkild, Paul P.","contributorId":14441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orkild","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}