{"pageNumber":"679","pageRowStart":"16950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46670,"records":[{"id":99040,"text":"ofr20101282 - 2011 - Analysis of change in marsh types of coastal Louisiana, 1978-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:05","indexId":"ofr20101282","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1282","title":"Analysis of change in marsh types of coastal Louisiana, 1978-2001","docAbstract":"Scientists and geographers have provided multiple datasets and maps to document temporal changes in vegetation types and land-water relationships in coastal Louisiana. Although these maps provide useful historical information, technological limitations prevented these and other mapping efforts from providing sufficiently detailed calculations of areal changes and shifts in habitat coverage. The current analysis of habitat change draws upon these past mapping efforts but is based on an advanced, geographic information system dataset that was created by using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery and digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles. The objective of building this dataset was to more specifically define land-water relationships over time in coastal Louisiana, and it provides the most detailed analysis of vegetation shifts to date. In the current study, we have attempted to explain these vegetation shifts by interpreting them in the context of rainfall records, data from the Palmer Drought Severity Index, and salinity data.\r\nDuring the 23 years we analyzed, total marsh acreage decreased, with conversion of marsh to open water. Furthermore, the general trend across coastal Louisiana was a shift to increasingly fresh marsh types. Although fresh marsh remained almost the same during the 1978-88 study period, there were greater increases during the 1988-2001 study periods. Intermediate marsh followed the same pattern, whereas brackish marsh showed a reverse (decreasing) pattern. Changes in saline (saltwater) marsh were minimal.\r\nInterpreting shifts in marsh vegetation types by using climate and salinity data provides better understanding of factors influencing these changes and, therefore, can improve our ability to make predictions about future marsh loss related to vegetation changes. Results of our study indicate that precipitation fluctuations prior to vegetation surveys impacted salinities differently across the coast. For example, a wet 6 months prior to the survey may or may not have made up for a dry period during the earlier 12 months. More research is needed to better understand rainfall periods and how they affect salinity changes.\r\nThe ability to understand past dynamics and to anticipate future trends in vegetation change and related land loss in the coastal region of Louisiana is a vital part of ongoing and future efforts to conserve its critical wetland ecosystem. With the loss of marsh and resultant changes in hydrology, it is likely that changes in marsh type may show greater variation in the future, even if given only minor changes in precipitation levels. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101282","usgsCitation":"Linscombe, R.G., and Hartley, S.B., 2011, Analysis of change in marsh types of coastal Louisiana, 1978-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1282, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101282.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1978-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1282.png"},{"id":14480,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1282/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6806a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linscombe, Robert G.","contributorId":36886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linscombe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartley, Stephen B. 0000-0003-1380-2769 hartleys@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":4164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Stephen","email":"hartleys@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99036,"text":"ofr20101327 - 2011 - Detecting Cheatgrass on the Colorado Plateau using Landsat data: A tutorial for the DESI software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"ofr20101327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1327","title":"Detecting Cheatgrass on the Colorado Plateau using Landsat data: A tutorial for the DESI software","docAbstract":"Invasive plant species disrupt native ecosystems and cause economic harm to public lands. In this report, an example of applying the Detection of Early Season Invasives software to mapping cheatgrass infestations is given. A discussion of each step of the DESI process is given, including selection of Landsat images. Tutorial data, covering a semi-arid area in southern Utah, are distributed with this report. Tips on deriving the inputs required to run DESI are provided. An approach for evaluating and adjusting detection parameters by examining interim products of DESI is discussed. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101327","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., 2011, Detecting Cheatgrass on the Colorado Plateau using Landsat data: A tutorial for the DESI software: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1327, vii, 81 p.; Appendices; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101327.","productDescription":"vii, 81 p.; Appendices; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1327.bmp"},{"id":14476,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1327/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667b22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99031,"text":"ofr20101321 - 2011 - Documentation for a web site to serve ULF-EM (Ultra-Low Frequency Electromagnetic) data to the public","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"ofr20101321","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1321","title":"Documentation for a web site to serve ULF-EM (Ultra-Low Frequency Electromagnetic) data to the public","docAbstract":"The Stanford Ultra-Low Frequency Electromagnetic (ULF-EM) Monitoring Project is recording naturally varying electromagnetic signals adjacent to active earthquake faults, in an attempt to establish whether there is any variation in these signals associated with earthquakes. Our project is collaborative between Stanford University, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and UC Berkeley. Lead scientists are Simon Klemperer (Stanford University), Jonathan Glen (USGS) and Darcy Karakelian McPhee (USGS). \r\n\r\nOur initial sites are in the San Francisco Bay Area, monitoring different strands of the San Andreas fault system, at Stanford University's Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve (JRSC), Marin Headlands of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (MHDL), and the UC Berkeley's Russell Reservation Field Station adjacent to Briones Regional Park (BRIB). In addition, we maintain in conjunction with the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory (BSL) two remote reference stations at the Bear Valley Ranch in Parkfield, Calif., (PKD) and the San Andreas Geophysical Observatory at Hollister, Calif., (SAO). Metadata about our site can be found at http://ulfem-data.stanford.edu/info.html. Site descriptions can be found at the BSL at http://seismo.berkeley.edu/, and seismic data can be obtained from the Northern California Earthquake Data Center at http://www.ncedc.org/. \r\n\r\nThe site http://ulfem-data.stanford.edu/ allows access to data from the Stanford-USGS sites JRSC, MHDL and BRIB, as well as UC Berkeley sites PKD and SAO. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101321","usgsCitation":"Neumann, D.A., McPherson, S., Klemperer, S.L., Glen, J., McPhee, D., and Kappler, K., 2011, Documentation for a web site to serve ULF-EM (Ultra-Low Frequency Electromagnetic) data to the public: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1321, iii, 14 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101321.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1321.gif"},{"id":14471,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1321/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63cf90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neumann, Danny A.","contributorId":95585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, Selwyn","contributorId":72896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Selwyn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon L.","contributorId":106929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":307329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G.","contributorId":45756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kappler, Karl","contributorId":107394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappler","given":"Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":99025,"text":"pp1778 - 2011 - Water availability and use pilot: A multiscale assessment in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T19:28:05.86209","indexId":"pp1778","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1778","title":"Water availability and use pilot: A multiscale assessment in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin","docAbstract":"Beginning in 2005, water availability and use were assessed for the U.S. part of the Great Lakes Basin through the Great Lakes Basin Pilot of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) national assessment of water availability and use. The goals of a national assessment of water availability and use are to clarify our understanding of water-availability status and trends and improve our ability to forecast the balance between water supply and demand for future economic and environmental uses. This report outlines possible approaches for full-scale implementation of such an assessment. As such, the focus of this study was on collecting, compiling, and analyzing a wide variety of data to define the storage and dynamics of water resources and quantify the human demands on water in the Great Lakes region.\r\n\r\nThe study focused on multiple spatial and temporal scales to highlight not only the abundant regional availability of water but also the potential for local shortages or conflicts over water. Regional studies provided a framework for understanding water resources in the basin. Subregional studies directed attention to varied aspects of the water-resources system that would have been difficult to assess for the whole region because of either data limitations or time limitations for the project. The study of local issues and concerns was motivated by regional discussions that led to recent legislative action between the Great Lakes States and regional cooperation with the Canadian Great Lakes Provinces. The multiscale nature of the study findings challenges water-resource managers and the public to think about regional water resources in an integrated way and to understand how future changes to the system-driven by human uses, climate variability, or land-use change-may be accommodated by informed water-resources management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1778","collaboration":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","usgsCitation":"Reeves, H.W., 2011, Water availability and use pilot: A multiscale assessment in the U.S. Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1778, x, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1778.","productDescription":"x, 105 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":447,"text":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1778.jpg"},{"id":410724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96395.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1778/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94,\n              40.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48e9e4b07f02db553f90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9000581,"text":"sim3150 - 2011 - Bathymetric and sediment facies maps for China Bend and Marcus Flats, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, 2008 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sim3150","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3150","title":"Bathymetric and sediment facies maps for China Bend and Marcus Flats, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, 2008 and 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created bathymetric and sediment facies maps for portions of two reaches of Lake Roosevelt in support of an interdisciplinary study of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and their habitat areas within Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington. In October 2008, scientists from the USGS used a boat-mounted multibeam echo sounder (MBES) to describe bathymetric data to characterize surface relief at China Bend and Marcus Flats, between Northport and Kettle Falls, Washington. In March 2009, an underwater video camera was used to view and record sediment facies that were then characterized by sediment type, grain size, and areas of sand deposition. Smelter slag has been identified as having the characteristics of sand-sized black particles; the two non-invasive surveys attempted to identify areas containing black-colored particulate matter that may be elements and minerals, organic material, or slag. The white sturgeon population in Lake Roosevelt is threatened by the failure of natural recruitment, resulting in a native population that consists primarily of aging fish and that is gradually declining as fish die and are not replaced by nonhatchery reared juvenile fish. These fish spawn and rear in the riverine and upper reservoir reaches where smelter slag is present in the sediment of the river lake bed. Effects of slag on the white sturgeon population in Lake Roosevelt are largely unknown. Two recent studies demonstrated that copper and other metals are mobilized from slag in aqueous environments with concentrations of copper and zinc in bed sediments reaching levels of 10,000 and 30,000 mg/kg due to the presence of smelter slag. Copper was found to be highly toxic to 30-day-old white sturgeon with 96-h LC50 concentrations ranging from 3 to 5 (u or mu)g copper per liter. Older juvenile and adult sturgeons commonly ingest substantial amounts of sediment while foraging. Future study efforts in Lake Roosevelt should include sampling of bottom material to confirm the presence or absence of slag material indicated on the map. In addition, follow-up acoustic work to determine stream velocities at varying discharges, in conjunction with sediment mapping, would be helpful to more accurately identify areas of scour and areas of sediment deposition where slag deposits may accumulate within the Marcus Flats and China Bend reaches. MBES mapping could also be used to determine changes in bed elevation and sedimentation in the study reaches and could help evaluate annual deposition and provide estimates on fine-sediment thickness.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3150","usgsCitation":"Weakland, R.J., Fosness, R.L., Williams, M.L., and Barton, G., 2011, Bathymetric and sediment facies maps for China Bend and Marcus Flats, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, 2008 and 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3150, 48 inches x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3150.","productDescription":"48 inches x 36 inches","numberOfPages":"1","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3150.png"},{"id":19203,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.5,47.5 ], [ -119.5,49 ], [ -118.25,49 ], [ -118.25,47.5 ], [ -119.5,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weakland, Rhonda J. weakland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weakland","given":"Rhonda","email":"weakland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":99023,"text":"sir20115016 - 2011 - Control of Precambrian basement deformation zones on emplacement of the Laramide Boulder batholith and Butte mining district, Montana, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20115016","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5016","title":"Control of Precambrian basement deformation zones on emplacement of the Laramide Boulder batholith and Butte mining district, Montana, United States","docAbstract":"What are the roles of deep Precambrian basement deformation zones in the localization of subsequent shallow-crustal deformation zones and magmas? The Paleoproterozoic Great Falls tectonic zone and its included Boulder batholith (Montana, United States) provide an opportunity to examine the importance of inherited deformation fabrics in batholith emplacement and the localization of magmatic-hydrothermal mineral deposits. Northeast-trending deformation fabrics predominate in the Great Falls tectonic zone, which formed during the suturing of Paleoproterozoic and Archean cratonic masses approximately 1,800 mega-annum (Ma). Subsequent Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic deformation fabrics trend northwest. Following Paleozoic through Early Cretaceous sedimentation, a Late Cretaceous fold-and-thrust belt with associated strike-slip faulting developed across the region, wherein some Proterozoic faults localized thrust faulting, while others were reactivated as strike-slip faults. The 81- to 76-Ma Boulder batholith was emplaced along the reactivated central Paleoproterozoic suture in the Great Falls tectonic zone. Early-stage Boulder batholith plutons were emplaced concurrent with east-directed thrust faulting and localized primarily by northwest-trending strike-slip and related faults. The late-stage Butte Quartz Monzonite pluton was localized in a northeast-trending pull-apart structure that formed behind the active thrust front and is axially symmetric across the underlying northeast-striking Paleoproterozoic fault zone, interpreted as a crustal suture. The modeling of potential-field geophysical data indicates that pull-apart?stage magmas fed into the structure through two funnel-shaped zones beneath the batholith. Renewed magmatic activity in the southern feeder from 66 to 64 Ma led to the formation of two small porphyry-style copper-molybdenum deposits and ensuing world-class polymetallic copper- and silver-bearing veins in the Butte mining district. Vein orientations parallel joints in the Butte Quartz Monzonite that, in turn, mimic Precambrian deformation fabrics found outside the district. The faults controlling the Butte veins are interpreted to have formed through activation under shear of preexisting northeast-striking joints as master faults from which splay faults formed along generally east-west and northwest joint plane orientations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115016","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., Hildenbrand, T.G., and O’Neill, J.M., 2011, Control of Precambrian basement deformation zones on emplacement of the Laramide Boulder batholith and Butte mining district, Montana, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5016, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115016.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5016.bmp"},{"id":14459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,30 ], [ -120,50 ], [ -90,50 ], [ -90,30 ], [ -120,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99021,"text":"ofr20111006 - 2011 - Evaluation of the genetic distinctiveness of Greater Sage-grouse in the Bi-State Planning Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:07","indexId":"ofr20111006","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1006","title":"Evaluation of the genetic distinctiveness of Greater Sage-grouse in the Bi-State Planning Area","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to further characterize a distinct population of Greater Sage-grouse: the population located along the border between Nevada and California (Bi-State Planning Area) and centered around the Mono Basin. This population was previously determined to be genetically distinct from other Greater Sage-grouse populations across their range. Previous genetic work focused on characterizing genetic variation across the species' range and thereby used a coarse sampling approach for species characterization. The goal of this study was to investigate this population further by obtaining samples from breeding locations within the population and analyzing those samples with the same mitochondrial and microsatellite loci used in previous studies. Blood samples were collected in six locations within the Bi-State Planning Area. Genetic data from subpopulations were then compared with each other and also with two populations outside of the Bi-State Planning Area. Particular attention was paid to subpopulation boundaries and internal dynamics by drawing comparisons among particular regions within the Bi-State Planning Area and regions proximal to it. All newly sampled subpopulations contained mitochondrial haplotypes and allele frequencies that were consistent with the genetically unique Bi-State (Mono Basin) Greater Sage-grouse described previously. This reinforces the fact that this group of Greater Sage-grouse is genetically unique and warrants special attention. Maintaining the genetic integrity of this population could protect the evolutionary potential of this population of Greater Sage-grouse. Additionally, the White Mountains subpopulation was found to be significantly distinct from all other Bi-State subpopulations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Oyler-McCance, S.J., and Casazza, M.L., 2011, Evaluation of the genetic distinctiveness of Greater Sage-grouse in the Bi-State Planning Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1006, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111006.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1006.bmp"},{"id":14457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c670d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99022,"text":"ofr20111011 - 2011 - Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2006 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T12:17:43.742053","indexId":"ofr20111011","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1011","title":"Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2006 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report on the chemical analysis of water samples collected from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska. Parameters for which data are reported include pH, conductivity, water temperature, major cation and anion concentrations, trace-element concentrations, and dissolved organic-carbon concentrations. Samples were collected as part of a multiyear U.S. Geological Survey project entitled ?Geologic and Mineral Deposit Data for Alaskan Economic Development.? Data presented here are from samples collected in June and July 2006. The data are being released at this time with minimal interpretation. This is the third release of aqueous geochemical data from this project; aqueous geochemical data from samples collected in 2004 and 2005 were published previously. The data in this report augment but do not duplicate or supersede the previous data release. Site selection was based on a regional sampling strategy that focused on first- and second-order drainages. Water sample site selection was based on landscape parameters that included physiography, wetland extent, lithological changes, and a cursory field review of mineralogy from pan concentrates. Stream water in the Taylor Mountains quadrangle is dominated by bicarbonate (HCO3-), although in a few samples more than 50 percent of the anionic charge can be attributed to sulfate (SO42-). The major-cation chemistry ranges from Ca2+/Mg2+ dominated to a mix of Ca2+/Mg2+/Na++K+. Generally, good agreement was found between the major cations and anions in the duplicate samples. Many trace elements in these samples were at or near the analytical method detection limit, but good agreement was found between duplicate samples for elements with detectable concentrations. All field blank major-ion and trace-element concentrations were below detection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111011","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Mueller, S., Stetson, S., Bailey, E., and Lee, G., 2011, Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2006 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1011, Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111011.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":14458,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394042,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94832.htm"},{"id":116872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1011.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.3667,\n              60\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.3667,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              60\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, Seth","contributorId":65441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stetson, Sarah sstetson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"Sarah","email":"sstetson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth","contributorId":61011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Greg","contributorId":68272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118844,"text":"70118844 - 2011 - Optimization of biomass composition explains microbial growth-stoichiometry relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-30T16:43:39","indexId":"70118844","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-01T16:41:53","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization of biomass composition explains microbial growth-stoichiometry relationships","docAbstract":"Integrating microbial physiology and biomass stoichiometry opens far-reaching possibilities for linking microbial dynamics to ecosystem processes. For example, the growth-rate hypothesis (GRH) predicts positive correlations among growth rate, RNA content, and biomass phosphorus (P) content. Such relationships have been used to infer patterns of microbial activity, resource availability, and nutrient recycling in ecosystems. However, for microorganisms it is unclear under which resource conditions the GRH applies. We developed a model to test whether the response of microbial biomass stoichiometry to variable resource stoichiometry can be explained by a trade-off among cellular components that maximizes growth. The results show mechanistically why the GRH is valid under P limitation but not under N limitation. We also show why variability of growth rate-biomass stoichiometry relationships is lower under P limitation than under N or C limitation. These theoretical results are supported by experimental data on macromolecular composition (RNA, DNA, and protein) and biomass stoichiometry from two different bacteria. In addition, compared to a model with strictly homeostatic biomass, the optimization mechanism we suggest results in increased microbial N and P mineralization during organic-matter decomposition. Therefore, this mechanism may also have important implications for our understanding of nutrient cycling in ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Essex Institute","publisherLocation":"Salem, MA","doi":"10.1086/657684","usgsCitation":"Franklin, O., Hall, E., Kaiser, C., Battin, T., and Richter, A., 2011, Optimization of biomass composition explains microbial growth-stoichiometry relationships: American Naturalist, v. 177, no. 2, p. E29-E42, https://doi.org/10.1086/657684.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"E29","endPage":"E42","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/657684","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291432,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657684"}],"volume":"177","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe7fb5e4b0824b2d1478e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, O.","contributorId":31686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, E. K.","contributorId":85501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"E. K.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, C.","contributorId":28174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battin, T.J.","contributorId":87461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battin","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richter, A.","contributorId":71486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70236206,"text":"70236206 - 2011 - High geologic slip rates since early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones in the San Andreas fault system: southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-30T16:42:44.911296","indexId":"70236206","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-01T11:30:45","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High geologic slip rates since early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones in the San Andreas fault system: southern California, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The San Jacinto right-lateral strike-slip fault zone is crucial for understanding plate-boundary dynamics, regional slip partitioning, and seismic hazards within the San Andreas fault system of southern California, yet its age of initiation and long-term average slip rate are controversial. This synthesis of prior and new detailed studies in the western Salton Trough documents initiation of structural segments of the San Jacinto fault zone at or slightly before the 1.07-Ma base of the Jaramillo subchron. The dextral faults changed again after ca. 0.5–0.6 Ma with creation of new fault segments and folds. There were major and widespread basinal changes in the early Pleistocene when these new faults cut across the older West Salton detachment fault. We mapped and analyzed the complex fault mesh, identified structural segment boundaries along the Clark, Coyote Creek, and San Felipe fault zones, documented linkages between the major dextral faults, identified previously unknown active strands of the Coyote Creek fault 5 and 8 km NE and SW of its central strands, and showed that prior analyses of these fault zones oversimplify their complexity. The Clark fault is a zone of widely distributed faulting and folding SE of the Santa Rosa Mountains and unequivocally continues 20–25 km SE of its previously inferred termination point to the San Felipe Hills. There the Clark fault zone has been deforming basinal deposits at an average dextral slip rate of ≥10.2 +6.9/−3.3 mm/yr for ~0.5–0.6 m.y.</p><p>Five new estimates of displacement are developed here using offset successions of crystalline rocks, distinctive marker beds in the late Cenozoic basin fill, analysis of strike-slip–related fault-bend folds, quantification of strain in folds at the tips of dextral faults, and gravity, magnetic, and geomorphic data sets. Together these show far greater right slip across the Clark fault than across either the San Felipe or Coyote Creek faults, despite the Clark fault becoming “hidden” in basinal deposits at its SE end as strain disperses onto a myriad of smaller faults, strike-slip ramps and flats, transrotational systems of cross faults with strongly domain patterns, and a variety of fault-fold sets. Together the Clark and Buck Ridge–Santa Rosa faults accumulated ~16.8 +3.7/−6.0 km of right separation in their lifetime near Clark Lake. The Coyote Ridge segment of the Coyote Creek fault accumulated ~3.5 ± 1.3 km since roughly 0.8–0.9 Ma. The San Felipe fault accumulated between 4 and 12.4 km (~6.5 km preferred) of right slip on its central strands in the past 1.1–1.3 Ma at Yaqui and Pinyon ridges.</p><p>Combining the estimates of displacement with ages of fault initiation indicates a lifetime geologic slip rate of 20.1 +6.4/−9.8 mm/yr across the San Jacinto fault zone (sum of Clark, Buck Ridge, and Coyote Creek faults) and about ~5.4 +5.9/−1.4 mm/yr across the San Felipe fault zone at Yaqui and Pinyon ridges. The NW Coyote Creek fault has a lifetime slip rate of ~4.1 +1.9/−2.1 mm/yr, which is a quarter of that across the Clark fault (16.0 +4.5/−9.8 mm/yr) nearby. The San Felipe fault zone is not generally regarded as an active fault in the region, yet its lifetime slip rate exceeds those of the central and southern Elsinore and the Coyote Creek fault zones. The apparent lower slip rates across the San Felipe fault in the Holocene may reflect the transfer of strain to adjacent faults in order to bypass a contractional bend and step at Yaqui Ridge.</p><p>The San Felipe, Coyote Creek, and Clark faults all show evidence of major structural adjustments after ca. 0.6–0.5 Ma, and redistribution of strain onto new right- and left-lateral faults and folds far removed from the older central fault strands. Active faults shifted their locus and main central strands by as much as 13 km in the middle Pleistocene. These changes modify the entire upper crust and were not localized in the thin sedimentary basin fill, which is only a few kilometers thick in most of the western Salton Trough. Steep microseismic alignments are well developed beneath most of the larger active faults and penetrate basement to the base of the seismogenic crust at 10–14 km.</p><p>We hypothesize that the major structural and kinematic adjustments at ca. 0.5–0.6 Ma resulted in major changes in slip rate within the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones that are likely to explain the inconsistent slip rates determined from geologic (1–0.5 m.y.; this study), paleoseismic, and geodetic studies over different time intervals. The natural evolution of complex fault zones, cross faults, block rotation, and interactions within their broad damage zones might explain all the documented and implied temporal and spatial variation in slip rates. Co-variation of slip rates among the San Jacinto, San Felipe, and San Andreas faults, while possible, is not required by the available data.</p><p>Together the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones have accommodated ~25.5 mm/yr since their inception in early Pleistocene time, and were therefore slightly faster than the southern San Andreas fault during the same time interval. If the westward transfer of plate motion continues in southern California, the southern San Andreas fault in the Salton Trough may change from being the main plate boundary fault to defining the eastern margin of the growing Sierra Nevada microplate, as implied by other workers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2010.2475","usgsCitation":"Janecke, S.U., Dorsey, R.J., Forand, D., Steely, A.N., Kirby, S., Lutz, A., Housen, B., Belgarde, B., Langenheim, V., and Rittenour, T.M., 2011, High geologic slip rates since early Pleistocene Initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones in the San Andreas fault system: southern California, USA: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 479, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2010.2475.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.90551757812499,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.521240234375,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.521240234375,\n              34.298068350990825\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90551757812499,\n              34.298068350990825\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90551757812499,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"479","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janecke, Susanne U.","contributorId":194327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecke","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca J.","contributorId":167712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24813,"text":"University of Oregan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forand, David","contributorId":295964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forand","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steely, Alexander N.","contributorId":295965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steely","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, Stefan","contributorId":14563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lutz, Andrew","contributorId":198146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Housen, Bernard","contributorId":30544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Housen","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Belgarde, Benjamin","contributorId":295966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belgarde","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rittenour, Tammy M.","contributorId":140755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenour","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70156454,"text":"70156454 - 2011 - Impacts of deer herbivory on vegetation in Rock Creek Park, 2001-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:41:31","indexId":"70156454","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR - 2011/001","title":"Impacts of deer herbivory on vegetation in Rock Creek Park, 2001-2009","docAbstract":"<p>Starting in 2001, vegetation data have been collected annually in 16 study modules consisting of paired (1x4 m) fenced plots and unfenced control plots located in the upland forests of Rock Creek Park, Washington, D.C. Vegetation data collected from 2001-2009 have been analyzed to determine impacts of deer herbivory on vegetation in the park. Differences between fenced plots and unfenced control plots were analyzed for the following variables: cover provided by various groups of species (woody, herbaceous, native, non-native, trees, shrubs, and woody vines), as well as by individual dominant species, vegetation thickness (a measure of percent cover projected horizontally that provides information on the vertical distribution of vegetation), and species richness overall and for groups of species (woody, herbaceous, native, non-native, trees, shrubs, and woody vines). The analyses were performed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and associated tests. Vegetation in plots protected from deer herbivory for 9 years showed significantly greater vegetative cover compared to plots not protected from deer herbivory. This effect was most pronounced for woody and shrub cover. Cover by the dominant species was not significantly greater in the fenced plots compared to the unfenced control plots, indicating that the significant differences observed for groups were not driven by single species within those groups. With respect to vegetation thickness, results indicate that protection from deer herbivory produced significantly higher levels of vegetation in the fenced plots compared to the unfenced control plots for both the Low (0-30 cm) and Middle (30-110 cm) height classes. Protection from deer herbivory has led to higher overall species richness and higher species richness for woody species, natives, and shrubs compared to plots not receiving protection. There is also evidence that plots protected from deer herbivory and those not receiving this protection are diverging over time with respect to a number of variables such as cover by woody and shrub species, cover in the lowest height class, and species richness of woody and native species. Recommendations were made regarding future sampling.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kraft, C.C., and Hatfield, J.S., 2011, Impacts of deer herbivory on vegetation in Rock Creek Park, 2001-2009: Natural Resource Report NPS/NCR/NCRO/NRTR - 2011/001, vi, 31.","productDescription":"vi, 31","startPage":"1","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington D.C.","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.12041854858398,\n              38.93337493490118\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04111099243164,\n              38.99610695603964\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02051162719727,\n              38.97956177494315\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.03887939453125,\n              38.90038499190383\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05896377563475,\n              38.90078577147122\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.07595825195312,\n              38.904927027872844\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08660125732422,\n              38.90733151751686\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.09535598754883,\n              38.911472392106276\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12041854858398,\n              38.93337493490118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb6e4b0518e3546f00d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraft, Cairn C.","contributorId":146868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"Cairn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193253,"text":"70193253 - 2011 - Assessing the effects of catch and release regulations on a quality adfluvial brook trout population using a computer based age-structure model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T11:21:30","indexId":"70193253","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the effects of catch and release regulations on a quality adfluvial brook trout population using a computer based age-structure model","docAbstract":"<p><script src=\"http://cdn.pardot.com/pd.js\" type=\"mce-text/javascript\" data-mce-src=\"http://cdn.pardot.com/pd.js\"></script><script 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type=\"mce-no/type\" data-mce-src=\"http://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/10.1577/M09-158.1?key=be0ef6915d1b2200a248b7195d01ef22&amp;callback=jQuery19107359582457856614_1510072990248&amp;_=1510072990249\"></script><script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1.5.10/webfont.js\" type=\"mce-no/type\" data-mce-src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1.5.10/webfont.js\"></script><script src=\"https://cdn.rawgit.com/scottgonzalez/figlet-js/master/figlet.js\" type=\"mce-text/javascript\" data-mce-src=\"https://cdn.rawgit.com/scottgonzalez/figlet-js/master/figlet.js\"></script>Assessing the Effects of Catch-and-Release Regulations on a Brook Trout Population Using an Age-Structured Model: North American Journal of Fisheries Management: Vol 30, No 6 <!-- publications og tags --><script src=\"https://www.colwiz.com/js/webpdf/ireader.js?ts=1510012800\" type=\"mce-text/javascript\" data-mce-src=\"https://www.colwiz.com/js/webpdf/ireader.js?ts=1510012800\"></script><script 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id=\"35d9ca18-265e-4501-9038-4105e95a4b7d\" class=\"widget pageBody none  widget-none  widget-compact-all\"><div class=\"wrapped \"><div class=\"widget-body body body-none  body-compact-all\"><div class=\"page-body pagefulltext\"><div data-pb-dropzone=\"main\"><div id=\"f4a74f7a-9ba2-4605-86b1-8094cb1f01de\" class=\"widget responsive-layout none publicationContentBody widget-none\"><div class=\"wrapped \"><div class=\"widget-body body body-none \"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row row-md  \"><div class=\"col-md-7-12 \"><div class=\"contents\" data-pb-dropzone=\"contents1\"><div id=\"d29f04e9-776c-4996-a0d8-931023161e00\" class=\"widget literatumPublicationContentWidget none  widget-none  widget-compact-all\"><div class=\"wrapped \"><div class=\"widget-body body body-none  body-compact-all\"><div class=\"publication-tabs ja publication-tabs-dropdown\"><div class=\"tabs tabs-widget\"><div class=\"tab-content \"><div class=\"tab tab-pane active\"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>As populations of wild brook trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> decline across the species' native range in North America, angling regulations such as fly-fishing only and catch and release are being used by management agencies to conserve fish while maintaining angling opportunities. Postrelease (hooking) mortality may significantly shift the age structure and size structure of populations. To assess the possible influence of catch-and-release fishing on brook trout population structure, we applied data from several sources to build a deterministic population model that included age-classes up to age 5. To assess the potential effect of fishing, we examined the changes in population density and age structure at varying levels of angler effort (0–400 angler-hours·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>) and hooking mortality rates (0–14%). Assuming a low (5%) hooking mortality rate, trophy brook trout density (ages 4 and 5) decreased by 50% at an angling intensity of 160 angler-hours·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. As angling effort increased, the proportion of older fish (ages 3–5) declined further. At very high levels of angling effort (&gt;300 angler-hours·ha<sup>−1</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>), age-4 and age-5 fish were eliminated from the population. Increases in postrelease mortality rates resulted in similar declines for older age-classes. The results of this simulation indicate that hooking mortality rates as might be common in catch-and-release fisheries may significantly shift the age structure of a population, thus reducing trophy angling potential.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/M09-158.1","usgsCitation":"Risley, C.A., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2011, Assessing the effects of catch and release regulations on a quality adfluvial brook trout population using a computer based age-structure model: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1434-1444, https://doi.org/10.1577/M09-158.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1434","endPage":"1444","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-016823","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f36fe4b09af898c8cdce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, Casey A.L.","contributorId":200063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Risley","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99017,"text":"sim3136 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"sim3136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3136","title":"Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout Creek and Fishkill Creek valleys in southern Dutchess County, New York, previously investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1982, was updated through the use of new well data made available through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's Water Well Program. Additional well data related to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remedial investigations of two groundwater contamination sites near the villages of Hopewell Junction and Shenandoah, New York, were also used in this study. The boundary of the stratified-drift aquifer described in a previous USGS report was extended slightly eastward and southward to include adjacent tributary valleys and the USEPA groundwater contamination site at Shenandoah, New York. The updated report consists of maps showing well locations, surficial geology, altitude of the water table, and saturated thickness of the aquifer. Geographic information system coverages of these four maps were created as part of the update process.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation\r\n","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.J., and Calef, F., 2011, Hydrogeologic data update for the stratified-drift aquifer in the Sprout and Fishkill Creek valleys, Dutchess County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3136, Four Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 2: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 3: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 4: 36 inches x 50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3136.","productDescription":"Four Map Sheets; Sheet 1: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 2: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 3: 36 inches x 50 inches; Sheet 4: 36 inches x 50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3136.gif"},{"id":14453,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74,41.45 ], [ -74,41.75 ], [ -73.71666666666667,41.75 ], [ -73.71666666666667,41.45 ], [ -74,41.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calef, F.J. III","contributorId":91068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calef","given":"F.J.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":99015,"text":"sir20105229 - 2011 - Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:35:17.447446","indexId":"sir20105229","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5229","title":"Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents selected age data interpreted from measured concentrations of environmental tracers in groundwater from 1,399 National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program groundwater sites across the United States. The tracers of interest were chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>), and tritium/helium-3 (<sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He).</p><p>Tracer data compiled for this analysis primarily were from wells representing two types of NAWQA groundwater studies—Land-Use Studies (shallow wells, usually monitoring wells, in recharge areas under dominant land-use settings) and Major-Aquifer Studies (wells, usually domestic supply wells, in principal aquifers and representing the shallow, used resource). Reference wells (wells representing groundwater minimally impacted by anthropogenic activities) associated with Land-Use Studies also were included. Tracer samples were collected between 1992 and 2005, although two networks sampled from 2006 to 2007 were included because of network-specific needs. Tracer data from other NAWQA Program components (Flow System Studies, which are assessments of processes and trends along groundwater flow paths, and various topical studies) were not compiled herein.</p><p>Tracer data from NAWQA Land-Use Studies and Major-Aquifer Studies that previously had been interpreted and published are compiled herein (as piston-flow ages), but have not been reinterpreted. Tracer data that previously had not been interpreted and published are evaluated using documented methods and compiled with aqueous concentrations, equivalent atmospheric concentrations (for CFCs and SF<sub>6</sub>), estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages, and selected ancillary data, such as redox indicators, well construction, and major dissolved gases (N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, Ar, CH<sub>4</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>).</p><p>Tracer-based piston-flow ages documented in this report are simplistic representations of the tracer data. Tracer-based piston-flow ages are a convenient means of conceptualizing groundwater age. However, the piston-flow model is based on the potentially limiting assumptions that tracer transport is advective and that no mixing occurs. Additional uncertainties can arise from tracer degradation, sorption, contamination, or fractionation; terrigenic (natural) sources of tracers; spatially variable atmospheric tracer concentrations; and incomplete understanding of mechanisms of recharge or of the conditions under which atmospheric tracers were partitioned to recharge. The effects of some of these uncertainties are considered herein. For example, degradation, contamination, or fractionation often can be identified or inferred. However, detailed analysis of the effects of such uncertainties on the tracer-based piston-flow ages is constrained by sparse data and an absence of complementary lines of evidence, such as detailed solute transport simulations. Thus, the tracer-based piston-flow ages compiled in this report represent only an initial interpretation of the tracer data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105229","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, S.R., Shapiro, S., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Widman, P.K., Casile, G.C., and Wayland, J.E., 2011, Estimates of tracer-based piston-flow ages of groundwater from selected sites: National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5229, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105229.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science 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srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shapiro, Stephanie D.","contributorId":29350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Stephanie D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Widman, Peggy K. pkwidman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widman","given":"Peggy","email":"pkwidman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wayland, Julian E. jwayland@usgs.gov","contributorId":4008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayland","given":"Julian","email":"jwayland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":99018,"text":"sir20115005 - 2011 - Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"sir20115005","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5005","title":"Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity","docAbstract":"Estimating the amount of conductive and nonconductive constituents in the pore space of sediments by using electrical resistivity logs generally loses accuracy where clays are present in the reservoir. Many different methods and clay models have been proposed to account for the conductivity of clay (termed the shaly-sand correction). In this study, the connectivity equation (CE), which is a new approach to model non-Archie rocks, is used to correct for the clay effect and is compared with results using the Waxman and Smits method. The CE presented here requires no parameters other than an adjustable constant, which can be derived from the resistivity of water-saturated sediments. The new approach was applied to estimate water saturation of laboratory data and to estimate gas hydrate saturations at the Mount Elbert well on the Alaska North Slope. Although not as accurate as the Waxman and Smits method to estimate water saturations for the laboratory measurements, gas hydrate saturations estimated at the Mount Elbert well using the proposed CE are comparable to estimates from the Waxman and Smits method. Considering its simplicity, it has high potential to be used to account for the clay effect on electrical resistivity measurement in other systems.\r\n\r\n \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20115005","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2011, Connection equation and shaly-sand correction for electrical resistivity: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5005, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115005.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5005.png"},{"id":14454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69776c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":99016,"text":"sir20105215 - 2011 - Use of diverse geochemical data sets to determine sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater, Garfield County, Colorado, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20105215","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5215","title":"Use of diverse geochemical data sets to determine sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater, Garfield County, Colorado, 2009","docAbstract":"Previous water-quality assessments reported elevated concentrations of nitrate and methane in water from domestic wells screened in shallow zones of the Wasatch Formation, Garfield County, Colorado. In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, analyzed samples collected from 26 domestic wells for a diverse set of geochemical tracers for the purpose of determining sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater from the Wasatch Formation.\r\n\r\nNitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.04 to 6.74 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L as N) and were significantly lower in water samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations less than 0.5 mg/L than in samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/L. Chloride/bromide mass ratios and tracers of groundwater age (tritium, chlorofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) indicate that septic-system effluent or animal waste was a source of nitrate in some young groundwater (less than 50 years), although other sources such as fertilizer also may have contributed nitrate to the groundwater. Nitrate and nitrogen gas (N2) concentrations indicate that denitrification was the primary sink for nitrate in anoxic groundwater, removing 99 percent of the original nitrate content in some samples that had nitrate concentrations greater than 10 mg/L as N at the time of recharge.\r\n\r\nMethane concentrations ranged from less than 0.0005 to 32.5 mg/L and were significantly higher in water samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations less than 0.5 mg/L than in samples with dissolved-oxygen concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/L. High methane concentrations (greater than 1 mg/L) in some samples were biogenic in origin and appeared to be derived from a relatively deep source on the basis of helium concentrations and isotopic data. One such sample had water-isotopic and major-ion compositions similar to that of produced water from the underlying Mesaverde Group, which was the primary natural-gas producing interval in the study area. Methane in the Mesaverde Group was largely thermogenic in origin so biogenic methane in the sample probably was derived from deeper zones in the Wasatch Formation. The primary methane sink in the aquifer appeared to be methane oxidation on the basis of dissolved-oxygen and methane concentrations and methane isotopic data.\r\n\r\nThe diverse data sets used in this study enhance previous water-quality assessments by providing new and more complete insights into the sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater. Field measurements of dissolved oxygen in groundwater were useful indicators of the Wasatch Formation's vulnerability to nitrate and methane contamination or enrichment. Results from this study also provide new evidence for the movement of water, ions, and gases into the shallow Wasatch Formation from sources such as the Mesaverde Group and deeper Wasatch Formation.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment\r\n","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Thomas, J., and Hunt, A., 2011, Use of diverse geochemical data sets to determine sources and sinks of nitrate and methane in groundwater, Garfield County, Colorado, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5215, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105215.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5215.bmp"},{"id":14452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5215/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.88333333333334,39.36666666666667 ], [ -107.88333333333334,39.63333333333333 ], [ -107.58333333333333,39.63333333333333 ], [ -107.58333333333333,39.36666666666667 ], [ -107.88333333333334,39.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, J.C.","contributorId":95435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, A.G.","contributorId":68691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038474,"text":"70038474 - 2011 - Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T20:39:38.14519","indexId":"70038474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-27T15:38:10","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"Rock fall from limestone cliffs at Timpanogos Cave National Monument in American Fork Canyon east of Provo, Utah, is a common occurrence. The cave is located in limestone cliffs high on the southern side of the canyon. One fatality in 1933 led to the construction of rock fall shelters at the cave entrance and exit in 1976. Numerous rock fall incidents, including a near miss in 2000 in the vicinity of the trail below the cave exit, have led to a decision to extend the shelter at the cave exit to protect visitors from these ongoing rock fall events initiating from cliffs immediately above the cave exit. Three-dimensional rock fall simulations from sources at the top of these cliffs have provided data from which to assess the spatial frequencies and velocities of rock falls from the cliffs and to constrain the design of protective measures to reduce the rock fall hazard. Results from the rock fall simulations are consistent with the spatial patterns of rock fall impacts that have been observed at the cave exit site.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10346-010-0251-7","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Dart, R.L., and Reichenbach, P., 2011, Rock fall simulation at Timpanogos Cave National Monument, American Fork Canyon, Utah, USA: Landslides, v. 8, no. 3, p. 373-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0251-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"379","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Timpanogos Cave National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.71666666666667,40.43333333333333 ], [ -111.71666666666667,40.45 ], [ -111.7,40.45 ], [ -111.7,40.43333333333333 ], [ -111.71666666666667,40.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadece4b0c8380cd86fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dart, Richard L. dart@usgs.gov","contributorId":1209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dart","given":"Richard","email":"dart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, Paola","contributorId":106221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","indexId":"sir20105239","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-23T15:31:26","indexId":"sir20105239","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5239","title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Lake Maumelle is one of two principal drinking-water supplies for the Little Rock and North Little Rock metropolitan areas. Lake Maumelle and the Maumelle River (its primary tributary) are more pristine than most other reservoirs and streams in the region. However, as the Lake Maumelle watershed becomes increasingly more urbanized and timber harvesting becomes more frequent, concerns about the sustainability of the quality of the water supply also have increased. Two models were developed to partially address these concerns. A Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model was developed using input data collected from October 2004 through 2008. A CE-QUAL-W2 model was developed to simulate reservoir hydrodynamics and selected water quality using the simulated output from the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model from January 2005 through 2008.\n\nThe Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN watershed model was calibrated to five streamflow-gaging stations, and in general, these stations characterize a range of subwatershed areas with varying land-use types. Continuous streamflow data, discrete sediment concentration data, and other discrete water-quality data were used to calibrate the Lake Maumelle Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model. The CE-QUAL-W2 reservoir model was calibrated to water-quality data and reservoir pool altitude collected during January 2005 through December 2008 at three lake stations.\n\nIn general, the overall simulation for the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN and CE-UAL-W2 models matched reasonably well to the measured data. In general, simulated and measured suspended-sediment concentrations during periods of base flow (streamflows not substantially influenced by runoff) agree reasonably well for Williams Junction (with differences-simulated minus measured value-generally ranging from -14 to 19 mg/L, and percent difference-relative to the measured value-ranging from -87 to 642 percent) and Wye (differences generally ranging from -2 to 14 mg/L, -62 to 251 percent); however, the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN model generally does not match the suspended-sediment concentrations for all stations during periods of stormflow (streamflow substantially influenced by runoff). Generally, this is also the case for fecal coliform bacteria numbers and total organic carbon and nutrient concentrations. In general, water temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentration simulations followed measured seasonal trends for all stations with the largest differences occurring during periods of lowest water temperatures (for temperature) or during the periods of lowest measured dissolved-oxygen concentrations (for dissolved oxygen).\n\nFor the CE-QUAL-W2 model, simulated vertical distributions of temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations agreed with measured distributions even for complex temperature profiles. Considering the oligotrophic-mesotrophic (low to intermediate primary productivity and associated low nutrient concentrations) condition of Lake Maumelle, simulated algae, phosphorus, and ammonia concentrations compared well with generally low measured values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Arkansas Water","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., Westerman, D.A., Petersen, J., Green, W.R., and De Lanois, J.L., 2011, Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5239, ix, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105239.","productDescription":"ix, 103 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5239.bmp"},{"id":14449,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,34.666666666666664 ], [ -93,35.11666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,35.11666666666667 ], [ -92.16666666666667,34.666666666666664 ], [ -93,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":307255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Lanois, Jeanne L. jdelanoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"jdelanoi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":307257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":9000569,"text":"ds571 - 2011 - Concentrations of Semivolatile Organic Compounds Associated with African Dust Air Masses in Mali, Cape Verde, Trinidad and Tobago, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2001-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:49","indexId":"ds571","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"571","title":"Concentrations of Semivolatile Organic Compounds Associated with African Dust Air Masses in Mali, Cape Verde, Trinidad and Tobago, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2001-2008","docAbstract":"Every year, billions of tons of fine particles are eroded from the surface of the Sahara Desert and the Sahel of West Africa, lifted into the atmosphere by convective storms, and transported thousands of kilometers downwind. Most of the dust is carried west to the Americas and the Caribbean in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). Dust air masses predominately impact northern South America during the Northern Hemisphere winter and the Caribbean and Southeastern United States in summer. Dust concentrations vary considerably temporally and spatially. In a dust source region (Mali), concentrations range from background levels of 575 micrograms per cubic meter (mu/u g per m3) to 13,000 mu/u g per m3 when visibility degrades to a few meters (Gillies and others, 1996). In the Caribbean, concentrations of 200 to 600 mu/u g per m3 in the mid-Atlantic and Barbados (Prospero and others, 1981; Talbot and others, 1986), 3 to 20 mu/u g per m3 in the Caribbean (Prospero and Nees, 1986; Perry and others, 1997); and >100 mu/u g per m3 in the Virgin Islands (this dataset) have been reported during African dust conditions. Mean dust particle size decreases as the SAL traverses from West Africa to the Caribbean and Americas as a result of gravitational settling. Mean particle size reaching the Caribbean is <1 micrometer (mu/u m) (Perry and others, 1997), and even finer particles are carried into Central America, the Southeastern United States, and maritime Canada. Particles less than 2.5 mu/u m diameter (termed PM2.5) can be inhaled deeply into human lungs. A large body of literature has shown that increased PM2.5 concentrations are linked to increased cardiovascular/respiratory morbidity and mortality (for example, Dockery and others, 1993; Penn and others, 2005).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds571","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V.H., Foreman, W., Genualdi, S.A., Majewski, M.S., Mohammed, A., and Simonich, S.M., 2011, Concentrations of Semivolatile Organic Compounds Associated with African Dust Air Masses in Mali, Cape Verde, Trinidad and Tobago, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2001-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 571, HTML Page; DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds571.","productDescription":"HTML Page; DVD","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19192,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/571/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a53fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Virginia H. ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":2386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Virginia","email":"ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genualdi, Susan A.","contributorId":94024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genualdi","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Majewski, Michael S. majewski@usgs.gov","contributorId":440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Michael","email":"majewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mohammed, Azad","contributorId":37873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohammed","given":"Azad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Simonich, Staci Massey","contributorId":10530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonich","given":"Staci","email":"","middleInitial":"Massey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70207951,"text":"70207951 - 2011 - A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-21T08:32:43","indexId":"70207951","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T08:27:20","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<div id=\"main\"><div data-reactroot=\"\"><div class=\"body\"><div class=\"c-columns--sticky-sidebar\"><div class=\"c-tabs\"><div class=\"c-tabs__content\"><div class=\"c-tabcontent\"><div id=\"details-content\"><div class=\"c-clientmarkup\"><p>Blue oak tree-ring chronologies correlate highly with winter–spring precipitation totals over California, with Sacramento and San Joaquin river stream flow, and with seasonal variations in the salinity gradient in San Francisco Bay. The convergence of fresh and saline currents can influence turbidity, sediment accumulation, and biological productivity in the estuary. Three selected blue oak chronologies were used to develop a 625-year-long reconstruction of the seasonal salinity gradient, or low salinity zone (LSZ), which provides a unique perspective on the interannual-to-decadal variability of this important estuarine habitat indicator. The reconstruction was calibrated with instrumental LSZ data for the winter–spring season, and explains 73% of the variance in the February–June position of the LSZ from 1956 to 2003. Because this calibration period post-dates the sweeping changes that have occurred to land cover, channel morphology, and natural streamflow regimes in California, the reconstruction provides an idealized estimate for how the LSZ might have fluctuated under the seasonal precipitation variations of the past 625 years, given the modern geometry and bathymetry of the estuary and land cover across the drainage basin. The February–June season integrates precipitation and runoff variability during the cool season, and does not extend into the late-summer dry season when LSZ extremes can negatively affect Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) agriculture and some aquatic organisms. However, there is such strong inter-seasonal persistence in the instrumental LSZ data that precipitation totals during the cool season can strongly pre-condition LSZ position in late summer. The 625-year-long reconstruction indicates strong interannual and decadal variability, the frequent recurrence of consecutive 2-year LSZ maxima and minima, large-scale ocean atmospheric forcing, and an interesting asymmetrical influence of warm El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English ","publisher":"University of California-Davis","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2011v9iss1art4","usgsCitation":"Stahle, D.W., Griffin, D., Cleaveland, M.K., Edmondson, J.R., Burnette, D., Abatzoglou, J.T., Redmond, K., Meko, D.M., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Therrell, M.D., 2011, A tree-ring reconstruction of the salinity gradient in the northern estuary of San Francisco Bay: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 9, no. 1, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2011v9iss1art4.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2011v9iss1art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.96997070312499,\n              37.29590550406618\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83288574218749,\n              37.29590550406618\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83288574218749,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96997070312499,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96997070312499,\n              37.29590550406618\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahle, David W.","contributorId":172809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stahle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Daniel","contributorId":203862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffin","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36733,"text":"Department of Geography, Environment &Society, University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleaveland, Malcolm K.","contributorId":172811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleaveland","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edmondson, Jesse R.","contributorId":145889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edmondson","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16283,"text":"University of Arkansas, Tree-Ring Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnette, D.J.","contributorId":77031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnette","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abatzoglou, John T.","contributorId":191729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abatzoglou","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Redmond, Kelly","contributorId":173364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redmond","given":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":779874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel drcayan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Therrell, Matthew D.","contributorId":172810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Therrell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":9000567,"text":"sir20105176 - 2011 - Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:39","indexId":"sir20105176","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5176","title":"Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Phosphorus from natural and human sources is likely to be discharged from groundwater to streams in certain geochemical environments. Water-quality data collected from 1991 through 2007 in paired networks of groundwater and streams in different hydrogeologic and land-use settings of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces in the eastern United States were compiled and analyzed to evaluate the sources, fate, and transport of phosphorus. The median concentrations of phosphate in groundwater from the crystalline and siliciclastic bedrock settings (0.017 and 0.020 milligrams per liter, respectively) generally were greater than the median for the carbonate setting (less than 0.01 milligrams per liter). In contrast, the median concentrations of dissolved phosphate in stream base flow from the crystalline and siliciclastic bedrock settings (0.010 and 0.014 milligrams per liter, respectively) were less than the median concentration for base-flow samples from the carbonate setting (0.020 milligrams per liter). Concentrations of phosphorus in many of the stream base-flow and groundwater samples exceeded ecological criteria for streams in the region. Mineral dissolution was identified as the dominant source of phosphorus in the groundwater and stream base flow draining crystalline or siliciclastic bedrock in the study area. Low concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in groundwater from carbonate bedrock result from the precipitation of minerals and (or) from sorption to mineral surfaces along groundwater flow paths. Phosphorus concentrations are commonly elevated in stream base flow in areas underlain by carbonate bedrock, however, presumably derived from in-stream sources or from upland anthropogenic sources and transported along short, shallow groundwater flow paths. Dissolved phosphate concentrations in groundwater were correlated positively with concentrations of silica and sodium, and negatively with alkalinity and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, iron, and aluminum. These associations can result from the dissolution of alkali feldspars containing phosphorus; the precipitation of apatite; the precipitation of calcite, iron hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide with associated sorption of phosphate ions; and the potential for release of phosphate from iron-hydroxide and other iron minerals under reducing conditions. Anthropogenic sources of phosphate such as fertilizer and manure and processes such as biological uptake, evapotranspiration, and dilution also affect phosphorus concentrations. The phosphate concentrations in surface water were not correlated with the silica concentration, but were positively correlated with concentrations of major cations and anions, including chloride and nitrate, which could indicate anthropogenic sources and effects of evapotranspiration on surface-water quality. Mixing of older, mineralized groundwater with younger, less mineralized, but contaminated groundwater was identified as a critical factor affecting the quality of stream base flow. In-stream processing of nutrients by biological processes also likely increases the phosphorus concentration in surface waters. Potential geologic contributions of phosphorus to groundwater and streams may be an important watershed-management consideration in certain hydrogeologic and geochemical environments. Geochemical controls effectively limit phosphorus transport through groundwater to streams in areas underlain by carbonate rocks; however, in crystalline and siliciclastic settings, phosphorus from mineral or human sources may be effectively transported by groundwater and contribute a substantial fraction to base-flow stream loads.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105176","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Denver, J., Cravotta, C.A., Ator, S.W., and Lindsey, B., 2011, Contributions of Phosphorus from Groundwater to Streams in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge Physiographic Provinces, Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5176, x, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105176.","productDescription":"x, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5176.png"},{"id":19191,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,32 ], [ -87,44 ], [ -72,44 ], [ -72,32 ], [ -87,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68909b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denver, Judith M. jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith M.","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ator, Scott W. 0000-0002-9186-4837 swator@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"Scott","email":"swator@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040391,"text":"70040391 - 2011 - Population estimates and monitoring guidelines for endangered Laysan Teal, Anas Laysanensis, at Midway Atoll: Pilot study results 2008-2010.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T12:47:20","indexId":"70040391","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-19T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"HCSU-021","title":"Population estimates and monitoring guidelines for endangered Laysan Teal, Anas Laysanensis, at Midway Atoll: Pilot study results 2008-2010.","docAbstract":"<p>Accurate estimates of population size are often crucial to determining status and planning recovery of endangered species. The ability to detect trends in survival and population size over time enables conservation managers to make effective decisions for species and refuge management. During 2004&ndash;2007, the translocated population of endangered Laysan Teal (Anas laysanensis; also Laysan Duck) was fitted with radio transmitters providing known (―gold standard‖) measures of survival and reproduction. However, as the population grew, statistically rigorous monitoring protocols were needed that were less labor intensive than radio telemetry. A population die-off and alarmingly high number of carcasses (181) were recorded during a botulism epizootic in August&ndash;October 2008, which further reinforced the need for effective monitoring protocols since this endangered species is vulnerable to catastrophic population declines. In fall 2008, we initiated a pilot study using standardized surveys with uniquely marked birds to monitor abundance and estimate the population growth rate of the reintroduced Laysan Teal. Since few birds carried marks (leg bands) after the 2008 botulism die-off (only about 15% of the population), and standardized surveys were not yet implemented, the magnitude of the die-off on the population size was unknown.</p>\n<p>To learn more about this endangered species' status and develop monitoring protocols useful to refuge managers and recovery planners in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), we marked (banded) 252 new Laysan Teal for this pilot project. With skilled refuge staff and trained volunteers, we conducted counts of marked, unmarked, and unknown birds during bimonthly surveys from Oct 2008 to Jan 2010. We recorded the identities of marked birds observed, recovered carcasses, and then used the last date a bird was detected alive and the median resight frequency to conclude if a bird was likely to be alive on a given survey date. Using mark-resight data and individual resight frequencies, we produced a series of abundance estimates from surveys that met accuracy criteria and approached ―closed population‖ assumptions. Since only one year of standardized, atoll-wide surveys were conducted, we analyzed data selected from multiple surveys using Lincoln-Petersen (LP) estimates instead of multi-year likelihood estimators. We adjusted surveys to account for unknown birds (e.g., swimming birds), temporary band loss, and described the frequency of double counting. Double counting is an important consideration in the population estimate because we found a maximum of 13% of marked birds were counted multiple times during a survey.</p>\n<p>These survey protocols allowed us to estimate the species' post-fledging population (combined adults and juveniles), and the methods are comparable to those used on Laysan Island. The Laysan Teal population increased 91% from 247 (95% CI, 233&ndash;260) in 2007 to 439&ndash;508 in early 2010. There was no change from 2009 to 2010 indicating that there was no population growth, however, our 2010 estimate should be considered preliminary since only one month of 2010 resight data was used. We compared a series of direct counts to their corresponding population estimates during 2008&ndash;2009 to evaluate if counts could serve as an unbiased ―index‖ of population abundance. There was a moderate correlation between abundance estimates and total birds counted (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.51) during resight surveys but a low correlation with all-wetland counts (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.02). This indicated that using direct all-wetland counts to predict abundance would result in confidence intervals on the order of &plusmn; 200 birds, which is equal to 50% of the estimate. With such large confidence intervals, it would be unlikely to detect annual changes in abundance or determine the magnitude of a catastrophic decline.</p>\n<p>To improve the Laysan Teal population estimates, we recommend changes to the monitoring protocol. Additional years of data are needed to quantify inter-annual seasonal detection probabilities, which may allow the use of standardized direct counts as an unbiased index of population size. Survey protocols should be enhanced through frequent resights, regular survey intervals, and determining reliable standards to detect catastrophic declines and annual changes in adult abundance. In late 2009 to early 2010, 68% of the population was marked with unique color band combinations. This allowed for potentially accurate adult population estimates and survival estimates without the need to mark new birds in 2010, 2011, and possibly 2012. However, efforts should be made to replace worn or illegible bands so birds can be identified in future surveys. It would be valuable to develop more sophisticated population size and survival models using Program MARK, a state-of-the-art software package which uses likelihood models to analyze mark-recapture data. This would allow for more reliable adult population and survival estimates to compare with the ―source‖ Laysan Teal population on Laysan Island. These models will require additional years of resight data (&gt; 1 year) and, in some cases, an intensive annual effort of marking and recapture. Because data indicate standardized all-wetland counts are a poor index of abundance, monitoring efforts could be improved by expanding resight surveys to include all wetlands, discontinuing the all-wetland counts, and reallocating some of the wetland count effort to collect additional opportunistic resights. Approximately two years of additional bimonthly surveys are needed to validate the direct count as an appropriate index of population abundance. Additional years of individual resight data will allow estimates of adult population size, as specified in recovery criteria, and to track species population dynamics at Midway Atoll.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, M.H., Brinck, K., and Laniawe, L., 2011, Population estimates and monitoring guidelines for endangered Laysan Teal, Anas Laysanensis, at Midway Atoll: Pilot study results 2008-2010.: Technical Report HCSU-021, ii, 67 p.","productDescription":"ii, 67 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021360","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b55e4b03bcb0104bc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinck, Kevin W. 0000-0001-7581-2482 kbrinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-2482","contributorId":3847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinck","given":"Kevin W.","email":"kbrinck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laniawe, Leona","contributorId":140109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laniawe","given":"Leona","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":99003,"text":"ofr20111017 - 2011 - Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:49","indexId":"ofr20111017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1017","title":"Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2007-08","docAbstract":"This study provides baseline data of native and non-native fish populations in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Nye County, Nevada, that can serve as a gauge in native fish enhancement efforts. In support of Carson Slough restoration, comprehensive surveys of Ash Meadows NWR fishes were conducted seasonally from fall 2007 through summer 2008. A total of 853 sampling stations were created using Geographic Information Systems and National Agricultural Imagery Program. In four seasons of sampling, Amargosa pupfish (genus Cyprinodon) was captured at 388 of 659 stations. The number of captured Amargosa pupfish ranged from 5,815 (winter 2008) to 8,346 (summer 2008). The greatest success in capturing Amargosa pupfish was in warm water spring-pools with temperature greater than 25 degrees C, headwaters of warm water spring systems, and shallow (depths less than 10 centimeters) grassy marshes. In four seasons of sampling, Ash Meadows speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus nevadesis) was captured at 96 of 659 stations. The number of captured Ash Meadows speckled dace ranged from 1,009 (summer 2008) to 1,552 (winter 2008). The greatest success in capturing Ash Meadows speckled dace was in cool water spring-pools with temperature less than 20 degrees C and in the high flowing water outflows. Among 659 sampling stations within the range of Amargosa pupfish, red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was collected at 458 stations, western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) at 374 stations, and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) at 128 stations. School Springs was restored during the course of this study. Prior to restoration of School Springs, maximum Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) captured from the six springs of the Warm Springs Complex was 765 (fall 2007). In four seasons of sampling, Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish were captured at 85 of 177 stations. The greatest success in capturing Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish when co-occurring with red swamp crayfish and western mosquitofish was in water with temperature greater than 26 degrees C near the springhead, and in shallow (depths less than 10 centimeters) grassy marshes. Among 177 sampling stations within the range of Warm Springs Amargosa pupfish, red swamp crayfish were collected at 96 stations and western mosquitofish were collected at 49 stations. Removal of convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) from Fairbanks Spring was followed by a substantial increase in Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) captures from 910 pre-removal to 3,056 post-removal. Red swamp crayfish was continually removed from Bradford 1 Spring, which seemed to cause an increase in the speckled dace population. Restoration of Kings Pool and Jackrabbit Springs promoted the success of native fishes with the greatest densities in restored reaches. Ongoing restoration of Carson Slough and its tributaries, as well as control and elimination of invasive species, is expected to increase abundance and distribution of Ash Meadows' native fish populations. Further analysis of data from this study will help determine the habitat characteristic(s) that promote native species and curtail non-native species. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111017","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G.G., Rissler, P., Johnson, D., and Hereford, M., 2011, Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1017, iv, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111017.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1017.bmp"},{"id":14440,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63446c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G. Gary","contributorId":61137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rissler, Peter","contributorId":83647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Danielle danielle_johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Danielle","email":"danielle_johnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":307231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hereford, Mark","contributorId":88067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":307234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":9000562,"text":"sir20105168 - 2011 - Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: Pilot-point theory, guidelines, and research directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"sir20105168","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5168","title":"Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: Pilot-point theory, guidelines, and research directions","docAbstract":"Pilot points have been used in geophysics and hydrogeology for at least 30 years as a means to bridge the gap between estimating a parameter value in every cell of a model and subdividing models into a small number of homogeneous zones. Pilot points serve as surrogate parameters at which values are estimated in the inverse-modeling process, and their values are interpolated onto the modeling domain in such a way that heterogeneity can be represented at a much lower computational cost than trying to estimate parameters in every cell of a model. Although the use of pilot points is increasingly common, there are few works documenting the mathematical implications of their use and even fewer sources of guidelines for their implementation in hydrogeologic modeling studies. This report describes the mathematics of pilot-point use, provides guidelines for their use in the parameter-estimation software suite (PEST), and outlines several research directions. Two key attributes for pilot-point definitions are highlighted. First, the difference between the information contained in the every-cell parameter field and the surrogate parameter field created using pilot points should be in the realm of parameters which are not informed by the observed data (the null space). Second, the interpolation scheme for projecting pilot-point values onto model cells ideally should be orthogonal. These attributes are informed by the mathematics and have important ramifications for both the guidelines and suggestions for future research.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105168","usgsCitation":"Doherty, J.E., Fienen, M., and Hunt, R.J., 2011, Approaches to highly parameterized inversion: Pilot-point theory, guidelines, and research directions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5168, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105168.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19189,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a854a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":344228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":344226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70198342,"text":"70198342 - 2011 - Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-18T08:06:55","indexId":"70198342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-13T08:06:51","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"<p><span>In late 2007, a perched lava channel, built up to 45&nbsp;m above the preexisting surface, developed during the ongoing eruption near Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō cone on Kīlauea Volcano’s east rift zone. The lava channel was segmented into four pools extending over a total of 1.4&nbsp;km. From late October to mid-December, a cyclic behavior, consisting of steady lava level rise terminated by vigorous spattering and an abrupt drop in lava level, was commonly observed in pool 1. We use geologic observations, video, time-lapse camera images, and seismicity to characterize and understand this cyclic behavior. Spattering episodes occurred at intervals of 40–100&nbsp;min during peak activity and involved small (5–10-m-high) fountains limited to the margins of the pool. Most spattering episodes had fountains which migrated downchannel. Each spattering episode was associated with a rapid lava level drop of about 1&nbsp;m, which was concurrent with a conspicuous cigar-shaped tremor burst with peak frequencies of 4–5&nbsp;Hz. We interpret this cyclic behavior to be gas pistoning, and this is the first documented instance of gas pistoning in lava well away from the deeper conduit. Our observations and data indicate that the gas pistoning was driven by gas accumulation beneath the visco-elastic component of the surface crust, contrary to other studies which attribute similar behavior to the periodic rise of gas slugs. The gas piston events typically had a gas mass of about 2,500&nbsp;kg (similar to the explosions at Stromboli), with gas accumulation and release rates of about 1.1 and 5.7&nbsp;kg&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. The time-averaged gas output rate of the gas pistoning events accounted for about 1–2% of the total gas output rate of the east rift zone eruption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Wilson, D.C., Dow, D.C., and Freeman, R., 2011, Cyclic spattering, seismic tremor, and surface fluctuation within a perched lava channel, Kilauea Volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 6, p. 639-653, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0431-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"639","endPage":"653","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano ","volume":"73","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b475e4b0702d0e844b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov","contributorId":139620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dow, David C.","contributorId":52703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, R.","contributorId":7525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":741152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}