{"pageNumber":"679","pageRowStart":"16950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70038262,"text":"ofr20121086 - 2012 - An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-03T01:01:43","indexId":"ofr20121086","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1086","title":"An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The October 2011 decommissioning of Condit Dam on the White Salmon River at river kilometer (rkm) 5.3 removed a significant fish passage barrier from the White Salmon River basin for the first time in nearly a century. This affords an opportunity to regain a potentially important drainage basin for Pacific lamprey (<i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i>) production. In anticipation of Pacific lamprey recolonization or reintroduction, aquatic resource managers, such as the Yakama Nation (YN), are planning to perform surveys in the White Salmon River and its tributaries. The likely survey objectives will be to investigate the presence of lamprey, habitat conditions, and habitat availability. In preparation for this work, a compilation and review of the relevant aquatic habitat and biological information on the White Salmon River was conducted. References specific to the White Salmon River were collected and an annotated bibliography was produced including reports containing:</p>\n<p>&bull;Spatial information about where various habitat surveys or monitoring have occurred over the past 20 years;</p>\n<p>&bull;Database information relevant to habitat attributes (for example, pools, riffles, or glides);</p>\n<p>&bull;Riparian surveys along major tributary streams;</p>\n<p>&bull;Water temperature and sediment information;</p>\n<p>&bull;Lamprey surveys, observations, and collections;</p>\n<p>&bull;Spawning gravel surveys; and</p>\n<p>&bull;Surveys that inventory habitat degradation or other environmental factors that may limit potential future productivity of lamprey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., 2012, An annotated bibliography for lamprey habitat in the White Salmon River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1086, iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121086.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1086.jpg"},{"id":254647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"White Salmon River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9fbe4b0c8380cd48585","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038263,"text":"ofr20111132 - 2012 - Pharmaceuticals, hormones, anthropogenic waste indicators, and total estrogenicity in liquid and solid samples from municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-03T01:01:43","indexId":"ofr20111132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-02T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1132","title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, anthropogenic waste indicators, and total estrogenicity in liquid and solid samples from municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering","docAbstract":"The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants, or trace organic compounds, in surface water has resulted in research and monitoring efforts to identify contaminant sources to surface waters and to better understand loadings from these sources. Wastewater treatment plant discharges have been identified as an important point source of trace organic compounds to surface water and understanding the transport and transformation of these contaminants through wastewater treatment process is essential to controlling their introduction to receiving waters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, AECOM Technology Corporation, and the Water Environment Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Gray, J.L., Quanrud, D.M., Teske, S.S., Werner, S.L., Esposito, K., Marine, J., Ela, W.P., Zaugg, S.D., Phillips, P., and Stinson, B., 2012, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, anthropogenic waste indicators, and total estrogenicity in liquid and solid samples from municipal sludge stabilization and dewatering: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1132, v, 7 p.; Data Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111132.","productDescription":"v, 7 p.; Data Tables Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1132.png"},{"id":254646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7870e4b0c8380cd786ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quanrud, David M.","contributorId":89415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quanrud","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teske, Sondra S.","contributorId":90607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teske","given":"Sondra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esposito, Kathleen","contributorId":21835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marine, Jeremy","contributorId":24647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ela, Wendell P.","contributorId":96543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ela","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Phillips, Patrick J. pjphilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pjphilli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stinson, Beverley","contributorId":17105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"Beverley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70038429,"text":"tm7C6 - 2012 - Approaches in highly parameterized inversion - GENIE, a general model-independent TCP/IP run manager","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-31T01:01:41","indexId":"tm7C6","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T16:20:27","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C6","title":"Approaches in highly parameterized inversion - GENIE, a general model-independent TCP/IP run manager","docAbstract":"GENIE is a model-independent suite of programs that can be used to generally distribute, manage, and execute multiple model runs via the TCP/IP infrastructure. The suite consists of a file distribution interface, a run manage, a run executer, and a routine that can be compiled as part of a program and used to exchange model runs with the run manager. Because communication is via a standard protocol (TCP/IP), any computer connected to the Internet can serve in any of the capacities offered by this suite. Model independence is consistent with the existing template and instruction file protocols of the widely used PEST parameter estimation program. This report describes (1) the problem addressed; (2) the approach used by GENIE to queue, distribute, and retrieve model runs; and (3) user instructions, classes, and functions developed. It also includes (4) an example to illustrate the linking of GENIE with Parallel PEST using the interface routine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C6","collaboration":"Great Lakes Restoration Initiative: S.S. Papadopulos and Associates, Inc., Principia Mathematica, Inc., Flinders University and Watermark Numerical Computing, Computation Water Resource Engineering","usgsCitation":"Muffels, C.T., Schreuder, W.A., Doherty, J.E., Karanovic, M., Tonkin, M.J., Hunt, R.J., and Welter, D.E., 2012, Approaches in highly parameterized inversion - GENIE, a general model-independent TCP/IP run manager: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7-C6, iii, 6 p.; Appendices; Software Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7C6.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.; Appendices; Software Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_7_C6.gif"},{"id":257024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm7c6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ece1e4b0c8380cd4952f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muffels, Christopher T.","contributorId":105949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffels","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreuder, Willem A.","contributorId":47213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreuder","given":"Willem","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":464101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karanovic, Marinko","contributorId":54831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanovic","given":"Marinko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew J.","contributorId":26376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Welter, David E.","contributorId":107539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70200750,"text":"70200750 - 2012 - Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T15:51:21","indexId":"70200750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T15:51:12","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Prediction of the location and timing of rainfall‐induced shallow landslides is desired by organizations responsible for hazard management and warnings. However, hydrologic and mechanical processes in the vadose zone complicate such predictions. Infiltrating rainfall must typically pass through an unsaturated layer before reaching the irregular and usually discontinuous shallow water table. This process is dynamic and a function of precipitation intensity and duration, the initial moisture conditions and hydrologic properties of the hillside materials, and the geometry, stratigraphy, and vegetation of the hillslope. As a result, pore water pressures, volumetric water content, effective stress, and thus the propensity for landsliding vary over seasonal and shorter time scales. We apply a general framework for assessing the stability of infinite slopes under transient variably saturated conditions. The framework includes profiles of pressure head and volumetric water content combined with a general effective stress for slope stability analysis. The general effective stress, or suction stress, provides a means for rigorous quantification of stress changes due to rainfall and infiltration and thus the analysis of slope stability over the range of volumetric water contents and pressure heads relevant to shallow landslide initiation. We present results using an analytical solution for transient infiltration for a range of soil texture and hydrological properties typical of landslide‐prone hillslopes and show the effect of these properties on the timing and depth of slope failure. We follow by analyzing field‐monitoring data acquired prior to shallow landslide failure of a hillside near Seattle, Washington, and show that the timing of the slide was predictable using measured pressure head and volumetric water content and show how the approach can be used in a forward manner using a numerical model for transient infiltration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011408","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., Şener-Kaya, B., Lu, N., and Baum, R.L., 2012, Stability of infinite slopes under transient partially saturated seepage conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011408.","productDescription":"W05505; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-036500","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011408","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10be73e4b034bf6a7f075b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Şener-Kaya, Başak","contributorId":44445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Şener-Kaya","given":"Başak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118112,"text":"70118112 - 2012 - Indirect consequences of hypolimnetic hypoxia on zooplankton growth in a large eutrophic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:27:19","indexId":"70118112","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T15:24:14","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":860,"text":"Aquatic Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indirect consequences of hypolimnetic hypoxia on zooplankton growth in a large eutrophic lake","docAbstract":"Diel vertical migration (DVM) of some zooplankters in eutrophic lakes is often compressed\nduring peak hypoxia. To better understand the indirect consequences of seasonal\nhypolimnetic hypoxia, we integrated laboratory-based experimental and field-based observational\napproaches to quantify how compressed DVM can affect growth of a cladoceran, <i>Daphnia\nmendotae</i>, in central Lake Erie, North America. To evaluate hypoxia tolerance of <i>D. mendotae</i>, we\nconducted a survivorship experiment with varying dissolved oxygen concentrations, which\ndemonstrated high sensitivity of <i>D. mendotae</i> to hypoxia (≤2 mg O2 l<sup>−1</sup>), supporting the field observations\nof their behavioral avoidance of the hypoxic hypolimnion. To investigate the effect of temporary\nchanges in habitat conditions associated with the compressed DVM, we quantified the\ngrowth of <i>D. mendotae</i>, using a 3 (food quantity) × 2 (temperature) factorial design laboratory\nexperiment. Neither food quantity nor temperature affected short-term growth in body length of\n<i>D. mendotae</i>. However, <i>D. mendotae</i> RNA content (an index of short-term condition) decreased\nunder starvation, indicating an immediate response of short-term feeding on condition. We further\nevaluated the effect of hypoxia-induced upward shifts in vertical distribution by quantifying the\nRNA content of <i>D. mendotae</i> from central Lake Erie before and during peak hypoxia. Despite high\ntemperature and food quantity in the upper water column, RNA content in field-collected <i>D. mendotae</i>\nremained low during peak hypoxia. Furthermore,<i>D. mendotae</i> collected during peak\nhypoxia consisted of only small-bodied (<~1.25 mm) individuals, suggesting that behavioral\navoidance of the hypoxic hypolimnion may also have indirect fitness costs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/ab00442","usgsCitation":"Goto, D., Lindelof, K., Fanslow, D.L., Ludsin, S.A., Pothoven, S.A., Roberts, J., Vanderploeg, H., Wilson, A.E., and Hook, T.O., 2012, Indirect consequences of hypolimnetic hypoxia on zooplankton growth in a large eutrophic lake: Aquatic Biology, v. 16, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00442.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00442","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291040,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00442"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f508e4b0bc0bec0a1398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goto, Daisuke","contributorId":20657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goto","given":"Daisuke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindelof, Kara","contributorId":90231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindelof","given":"Kara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanslow, David L.","contributorId":57032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanslow","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A.","contributorId":96978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, James J. 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vanderploeg, Henry A.","contributorId":85929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderploeg","given":"Henry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilson, Alan E.","contributorId":71492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hook, Tomas O.","contributorId":108404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70045767,"text":"70045767 - 2012 - Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T20:07:28","indexId":"70045767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","chapter":"Appendix H","title":"Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","docAbstract":"This report is prepared in cooperation with the Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment being conducted by the U.S. \nEnvironmental Protection Agency. The goal of the assessment is to help understand how future large-scale \ndevelopment in this watershed may affect water quality and the salmon fishery. Mining has been identified as a \npotential source of future large scale development in the region, especially because of the advanced stage of \nactivity at the Pebble prospect. The goal of this report is to summarize the geologic and environmental \ncharacteristics of porphyry copper deposits in general, largely on the basis of literature review. Data reported in the \nPebble Project Environmental Baseline Document, released by the Pebble Limited Partnership in 2011, are used to \nenhance the relevance of this report to the Bristol Bay watershed. \nThe geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are paramount to determining their geochemical signatures in \nthe environment. The geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are reflected in the mineralogy of the \nmineralization and alteration assemblages; geochemical associations of elements, including the commodities being \nsought; the grade and tonnage of the deposit; the likely mining and ore-processing methods used; the \nenvironmental attributes of the deposit, such as acid-generating and acid-neutralizing potentials of geologic \nmaterials; and the susceptibility of the surrounding ecosystem to various stressors related to the deposit and its \nmining, among other features (Seal and Hammarstrom, 2003). Within the Bristol Bay watershed, or more \nspecifically the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, the geologic setting is permissive for the occurrence of several \nmineral deposit types that are amenable for large-scale development. Of these deposit types, porphyry copper \ndeposits (e.g., Pebble) and intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Shotgun) are the most important on the basis of \nthe current maturity of exploration activities by the mining industry. The Pebble deposit sits astride the drainage \ndivide between the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, whereas the Humble, Big Chunk, and Shotgun deposits \nare within the Nushagak watershed. The Humble and Big Chunk prospects are geophysical anomalies that exhibit \nsome characteristics similar to those found at Pebble. Humble was drilled previously in 1958 and 1959 as an iron \nprospect on the basis of an airborne magnetic anomaly. Humble is approximately 85 miles (137 km) west of\nPebble; Big Chunk is approximately 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Pebble; and Shotgun is approximately 110 \nmiles (177 km) northwest of Pebble. The H and D Block prospects, west of Pebble, represent additional porphyry \ncopper exploration targets in the watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"An assessment of potential mining impacts on salmon ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska: EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., 2012, Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H), v. 3 (Appendices E-J), iv, 30.","productDescription":"iv, 30","numberOfPages":"37","ipdsId":"IP-037309","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/bristolbay/recordisplay.cfm?deid=253500"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -164.17,56.31 ], [ -164.17,59.9 ], [ -157.68,59.9 ], [ -157.68,56.31 ], [ -164.17,56.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3 (Appendices E-J)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b97e4b0b290850f9ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048256,"text":"70048256 - 2012 - Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:22:15.643726","indexId":"70048256","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:14:39","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":240,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1","title":"Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Magoon and others (1980) described an 83-meter- (272-foot-) thick succession of Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) \nconglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and coal exposed on the south side of an unnamed drainage, approximately 3 kilometers \n(1.8 miles) east of Saddle Mountain in lower Cook Inlet (figs. 1 and 2). The initial significance of this exposure was that \nit was the first reported occurrence of nonmarine rocks of this age in outcrop in lower Cook Inlet, which helped constrain \nthe Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the area and provided important information on the composition of latest Mesozoic \nsandstones in the basin. The Saddle Mountain section is thought to be an outcrop analog for Upper Cretaceous nonmarine \nstrata penetrated in the OCS Y-0097 #1 (Raven) well, located approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the south–southeast \nin Federal waters (fig. 1). Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) drilled the Raven well in 1980 and encountered oil-stained \nrocks and moveable liquid hydrocarbons between the depths of 1,760 and 3,700 feet. Completion reports on file with the \nBureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; formerly Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, \nand prior to 2010, U.S. Minerals Management Service) either show flow rates of zero or do not mention flow rates. A \nfluid analysis report on file with BOEM suggests that a wireline tool sampled some oil beneath a 2,010-foot diesel cushion \nduring the fl ow test of the 3,145–3,175 foot interval, but the recorded fl ow rate was still zero (Kirk Sherwood, written \ncommun., January 9, 2012). Further delineation and evaluation of the apparent accumulation was never performed and the \nwell was plugged and abandoned. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>As part of a 5-year comprehensive evaluation of the geology and petroleum systems of the Cook Inlet forearc basin, the \nAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys obtained a research permit from the National Park Service to access \nthe relatively poorly understood ‘Saddle Mountain exposure’ that is located in the Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. \nThis work was done in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Oil & Gas and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research \ngeologists. This report expands on Magoon and others’ (1980) description of the exposure, presents new data on sandstone \ncomposition and reservoir quality, presents new geochemical data on petroleum extracted from the outcropping sandstone, \nand describes oil-bearing correlative strata penetrated by the Raven well. Although the exposure is more than a kilometer \n(0.6 mile) east of Saddle Mountain (fig. 2), in this report we variously refer to it as the Saddle Mountain succession, Saddle \nMountain section, or the rocks at Saddle Mountain underlain by Upper Jurassic strata of the Naknek Formation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"LePain, D., Lillis, P., Helmold, K., and Stanley, R., 2012, Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2012-1, iii, 13 p.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-036806","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23943"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Saddle Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6718e4b0b2908510128a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LePain, D. L.","contributorId":104803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LePain","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helmold, K. P.","contributorId":67796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70095249,"text":"70095249 - 2012 - Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T10:02:13","indexId":"70095249","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T09:55:41","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Chromium(VI) concentrations in groundwater sampled from three contaminant plumes in aquifers in the Mojave Desert near Hinkley, Topock and El Mirage, California, USA, were as high as 2600, 5800 and 330 μg/L, respectively. δ<sup>53/52</sup>Cr compositions from more than 50 samples collected within these plumes ranged from near 0‰ to almost 4‰ near the plume margins. Assuming only reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within the plume, apparent fractionation factors for δ<sup>53/52</sup>Cr isotopes ranged from ε<sub>app</sub> = 0.3 to 0.4 within the Hinkley and Topock plumes, respectively, and only the El Mirage plume had a fractionation factor similar to the laboratory derived value of ε = 3.5. One possible explanation for the difference between field and laboratory fractionation factors at the Hinkley and Topock sites is localized reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), with subsequent advective mixing of native and contaminated water near the plume margin. Chromium(VI) concentrations and δ<sup>53/52</sup>Cr isotopic compositions did not uniquely define the source of Cr near the plume margin, or the extent of reductive fractionation within the plume. However, Cr(VI) and δ<sup>53/52</sup>Cr data contribute to understanding of the interaction between reductive and mixing processes that occur within and near the margins of Cr contamination plumes. Reductive fractionation of Cr(VI) predominates in plumes having higher ε<sub>app</sub>, these plumes may be suitable for monitored natural attenuation. In contrast, advective mixing predominates in plumes having lower ε<sub>app</sub>, the highly dispersed margins of these plumes may be difficult to define and manage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Bullen, T.D., Martin, P., and Schroth, B., 2012, Delta Chromium-53/52 isotopic composition of native and contaminated groundwater, Mojave Desert, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 841-853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"853","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-014704","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282976,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.0,32.3 ], [ -118.0,36.0 ], [ -114.0,36.0 ], [ -114.0,32.3 ], [ -118.0,32.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd540ee4b0b290850f583b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroth, Brian","contributorId":60953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroth","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058770,"text":"70058770 - 2012 - Effects of river regulation on aeolian landscapes, Colorado River, southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:04:26","indexId":"70058770","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of river regulation on aeolian landscapes, Colorado River, southwestern USA","docAbstract":"Connectivity between fluvial and aeolian sedimentary systems plays an important role in the physical and biological environment of dryland regions. This study examines the coupling between fluvial sand deposits and aeolian dune fields in bedrock canyons of the arid to semiarid Colorado River corridor, southwestern USA. By quantifying significant differences between aeolian landscapes with and without modern fluvial sediment sources, this work demonstrates for the first time that the flow- and sediment-limiting effects of dam operations affect sedimentary processes and ecosystems in aeolian landscapes above the fluvial high water line. Dune fields decoupled from fluvial sand supply have more ground cover (biologic crust and vegetation) and less aeolian sand transport than do dune fields that remain coupled to modern fluvial sand supply. The proportion of active aeolian sand area also is substantially lower in a heavily regulated river reach (Marble–Grand Canyon, Arizona) than in a much less regulated reach with otherwise similar environmental conditions (Cataract Canyon, Utah). The interconnections shown here among river flow and sediment, aeolian sand transport, and biologic communities in aeolian dunes demonstrate a newly recognized means by which anthropogenic influence alters dryland environments. Because fluvial–aeolian coupling is common globally, it is likely that similar sediment-transport connectivity and interaction with upland ecosystems are important in other dryland regions to a greater degree than has been recognized previously.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2011JF002329","usgsCitation":"Draut, A.E., 2012, Effects of river regulation on aeolian landscapes, Colorado River, southwestern USA: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 117, no. F2, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002329.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-025954","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jf002329","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280357,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002329"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,35.5 ], [ -114.0,38.166667 ], [ -109.75,38.166667 ], [ -109.75,35.5 ], [ -114.0,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"117","issue":"F2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5702e4b0b290850f73da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038258,"text":"ofr20121071 - 2012 - R-SWAT-FME user's guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-08T01:01:39","indexId":"ofr20121071","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1071","title":"R-SWAT-FME user's guide","docAbstract":"R program language-Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Flexible Modeling Environment (R-SWAT-FME) (Wu and Liu, 2012) is a comprehensive modeling framework that adopts an R package, Flexible Modeling Environment (FME) (Soetaert and Petzoldt, 2010), for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (Arnold and others, 1998; Neitsch and others, 2005). This framework provides the functionalities of parameter identifiability, model calibration, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with instant visualization. This user's guide shows how to apply this framework for a customized SWAT project.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121071","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2012, R-SWAT-FME user's guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1071, iii, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121071.","productDescription":"iii, 5 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254640,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1071.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a931ee4b0c8380cd80c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038252,"text":"ofr20121025 - 2012 - Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-02T12:00:53","indexId":"ofr20121025","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1025","title":"Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut","docAbstract":"Global sea level rose about 0.56 feet (ft) (170 millimeters (mm)) during the 20th century. Since the 1960s, sea level has risen at Bridgeport, Connecticut, about 0.38 ft (115 mm), at a rate of 0.008 ft (2.56 mm + or - 0.58 mm) per year. With regional subsidence, and with predicted global climate change, sea level is expected to continue to rise along the northeast coast of the United States through the 21st century. Increasing sea levels will cause groundwater levels in coastal areas to rise in order to adjust to the new conditions. Some regional climate models predict wetter climate in the northeastern United States under some scenarios. Scenarios for the resulting higher groundwater levels have the potential to inundate underground infrastructure in lowlying coastal cities. New Haven is a coastal city in Connecticut surrounded and bisected by tidally affected waters. Monitoring of water levels in wells in New Haven from August 2009 to July 2010 indicates the complex effects of urban influence on groundwater levels. The response of groundwater levels to recharge and season varied considerably from well to well. Groundwater temperatures varied seasonally, but were warmer than what was typical for Connecticut, and they seem to reflect the influence of the urban setting, including the effects of conduits for underground utilities. Specific conductance was elevated in many of the wells, indicating the influence of urban activities or seawater in Long Island Sound. A preliminary steady-state model of groundwater flow for part of New Haven was constructed using MODFLOW to simulate current groundwater levels (2009-2010) and future groundwater levels based on scenarios with a rise of 3 ft (0.91 meters (m)) in sea level, which is predicted for the end of the 21st century. An additional simulation was run assuming a 3-ft rise in sea level combined with a 12-percent increase in groundwater recharge. The model was constructed from existing hydrogeologic information for the New Haven area and from new information on groundwater levels collected during October 2009-June 2010. For the scenario with a 3-ft rise in sea level and no increase in recharge, simulated groundwater levels near the coast rose 3 ft; this increased water level tapered off toward a discharge area at the only nontidal stream in the study area. Simulated stream discharge increased at the nontidal stream because of the increased gradient. Although groundwater levels rose, the simulated difference between the groundwater levels in the aquifer and the increased sea level declined, indicating that the depth to the interface between freshwater and saltwater may possibly decline. Simulated water levels were affected by rise in sea level even in areas where the water table was at 17-24 ft (5.2-7.3 m) above current (2011) sea level. For the scenario with increased recharge, simulated groundwater levels were as much as an additional foot higher at some locations in the study area. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that groundwater levels in coastal areas can be expected to rise and may rise higher if groundwater recharge also increases. This finding has implications for the disposal of stormwater through infiltration, a low-impact development practice designed to improve water quality and reduce overland peak discharge. Other implications include increased risk of basement flooding and increased groundwater seepage into underground sewer pipes and utility corridors in some areas. These implications will present engineering challenges to New Haven and Yale University. The preliminary model developed for this study can be the starting point for further simulation of future alternative scenarios for sea-level rise and recharge. Further simulations could identify those areas of New Haven where infrastructure may be at greatest risk from rising levels of groundwater. The simulations described in this report have limitations due to the preliminary scope of the work. Approaches to improve simulations include but are not limited to incorporating: * The variable density of seawater into the model in order to understand the current and future location of the interface between freshwater and saltwater; * Collection of additional data in order to better resolve temporal and spatial patterns in water levels in the aquifer; * Improved estimates of recharge through direct and indirect measurements of freshwater discharge from the study area; and * Transient simulations for greater understanding of the amount of time required for water levels and the position of the interface between freshwater and saltwater to adjust to changes in sea level and recharge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yale University","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Mullaney, J.R., Stone, J.R., Skinner, B.J., and Ramlow, M.A., 2012, Preliminary investigation of the effects of sea-level rise on groundwater levels in New Haven, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1025, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121025.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254637,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1025.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","city":"New Haven","otherGeospatial":"New Haven Harbor;West River;Mill River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.4 ], [ -72.86666666666666,41.266666666666666 ], [ -73,41.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8851e4b0c8380cd7d847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skinner, Brian J.","contributorId":75371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramlow, Matthew A.","contributorId":93758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramlow","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038248,"text":"ds668 - 2012 - Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-01T17:28:21","indexId":"ds668","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T15:57:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"668","title":"Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams","docAbstract":"Manning's roughness coefficients for 43 natural and constructed streams in Illinois are reported and displayed on a U.S. Geological Survey Web site. At a majority of the sites, discharge and stage were measured, and corresponding Manning's coefficients&mdash;the <i>n</i>-values&mdash;were determined at more than one river discharge. The <i>n</i>-values discussed in this report are computed from data representing the stream reach studied and, therefore, are reachwise values. Presentation of the resulting <i>n</i>-values takes a visual-comparison approach similar to the previously published Barnes report (1967), in which photographs of channel conditions, description of the site, and the resulting <i>n</i>-values are organized for each site. The Web site where the data can be accessed and are displayed is at URL http://il.water.usgs.gov/proj/nvalues/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds668","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources&mdash;Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Prater, C.D., Halfar, T.M., and Wobig, L.A., 2012, Manning's roughness coefficient for Illinois streams: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 668, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds668.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_668.gif"},{"id":254636,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/668/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ccfe4b0c8380cd69ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prater, Crystal D. 0000-0002-8767-5523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-5523","contributorId":57699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prater","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halfar, Teresa M. thalfar@usgs.gov","contributorId":4738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halfar","given":"Teresa","email":"thalfar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wobig, Loren A.","contributorId":36398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobig","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038233,"text":"ofr20121048 - 2012 - Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T17:28:33","indexId":"ofr20121048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1048","title":"Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"<p>During a preliminary mineral resource assessment of Afghanistan (Peters and others, 2007), 24 mineralized areas of interest (AOIs) were highlighted as the focus for future economic development throughout various parts of the country. In addition to located mineral resources of value, development of a viable mining industry in Afghanistan will require the location of suitable groundwater resources for drinking, processing of mineral ores for use or for export, and for agriculture and food production in areas surrounding and supporting future mining enterprises. This report and accompanying GIS datasets describe the results of both automated and manual mapping of lineaments throughout the 24 mineral occurrence AOIs described in detail by Peters and others (2007; 2011). For this study, we define lineaments as \"mappable linear or curvilinear features of a surface whose parts align in a straight or slightly curving relationship that may be the expression of a fault or other linear zones of weakness\" as derived from remote sensing sources such as optical imagery, radar imagery or digital elevation models (DEMs) (Sabins, 2007).</p>\n<p>Water wells in bedrock aquifers are generally more productive where boreholes intersect fractures or fracture zones. Lineament identification and analysis have long been used as a reconnaissance tool to identify such favorable conditions for groundwater resources in carbonate bedrock environments (Lattman and Parizek, 1964; Siddiqui and Parizek, 1971). More recently, lineament analysis has been used to identify areas of greater well yields in other bedrock settings, such as crystalline bedrock (Mabee and other, 1994; Moore and others, 2002). Lineaments provide an indication of bedrock areas that warrant further investigation for optimal water well placement. They may also indicate areas of preferential flow and storage of groundwater, and, thus, areas with a greater density of lineaments may indicate greater secondary porosity. Lineaments may indicate structurally trending mineralized areas (for example, Mars and Rowan, 2007), or locations of near-surface water resources, especially when surface vegetation growth coincides with lineaments.</p>\n<p>The purpose of this report and accompanying GIS data is to provide lineament maps that give one indication of areas that warrant further investigation for optimal bedrock water-well placement within 24 target areas for mineral resources (Peters and others, 2011). These data may also support the identification of faults related to modern seismic hazards (for example, Wheeler and others, 2005; Ruleman and others, 2007), as well as support studies attempting to understand the relationship between tectonic and structural controls on hydrothermal fluid flow, subsequent mineralization, and water-quality issues near mined and unmined mineral deposits (for example, Eppinger and others, 2007).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghanistan Geological Survey, Ministry of Mines under the auspices of the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, Department of Defense","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B.E., Mack, T.J., and Thompson, A.L., 2012, Lineament analysis of mineral areas of interest in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1048, iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121048.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1048.gif"},{"id":254623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61,29.5 ], [ 61,38 ], [ 75,38 ], [ 75,29.5 ], [ 61,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47abe4b0c8380cd6791a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Bernard E. 0000-0002-9315-2032 bhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-2032","contributorId":2342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Bernard","email":"bhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Allyson L.","contributorId":90575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Allyson","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038134,"text":"70038134 - 2012 - MERGANSER: an empirical model to predict fish and loon mercury in New England lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T21:22:12","indexId":"70038134","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MERGANSER: an empirical model to predict fish and loon mercury in New England lakes","docAbstract":"MERGANSER (MERcury Geo-spatial AssessmeNtS for the New England Region) is an empirical least-squares multiple regression model using mercury (Hg) deposition and readily obtainable lake and watershed features to predict fish (fillet) and common loon (blood) Hg in New England lakes. We modeled lakes larger than 8 ha (4404 lakes), using 3470 fish (12 species) and 253 loon Hg concentrations from 420 lakes. MERGANSER predictor variables included Hg deposition, watershed alkalinity, percent wetlands, percent forest canopy, percent agriculture, drainage area, population density, mean annual air temperature, and watershed slope. The model returns fish or loon Hg for user-entered species and fish length. MERGANSER explained 63% of the variance in fish and loon Hg concentrations. MERGANSER predicted that 32-cm smallmouth bass had a median Hg concentration of 0.53 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup> (root-mean-square error 0.27 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>) and exceeded EPA's recommended fish Hg criterion of 0.3 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup> in 90% of New England lakes. Common loon had a median Hg concentration of 1.07 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup> and was in the moderate or higher risk category of >1 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup> Hg in 58% of New England lakes. MERGANSER can be applied to target fish advisories to specific unmonitored lakes, and for scenario evaluation, such as the effect of changes in Hg deposition, land use, or warmer climate on fish and loon mercury.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es300581p","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Moore, R., Smith, R.A., Miller, E.K., Simcox, A., Kamman, N., Nacci, D., Robinson, K., Johnston, J.M., Hughes, M.M., Johnston, C., Evers, D., Williams, K., Graham, J., and King, S., 2012, MERGANSER: an empirical model to predict fish and loon mercury in New England lakes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 8, p. 4641-4648, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300581p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4641","endPage":"4648","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es300581p","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","volume":"46","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ac1e4b0c8380cd68ffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Richard","contributorId":37184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Eric K.","contributorId":55244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simcox, Alison","contributorId":45940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simcox","given":"Alison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kamman, Neil","contributorId":56892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamman","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nacci, Diane","contributorId":72627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nacci","given":"Diane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Robinson, Keith","contributorId":80277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnston, John M.","contributorId":104318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hughes, Melissa M.","contributorId":8317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Johnston, Craig","contributorId":53634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Evers, David","contributorId":34364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Williams, Kate","contributorId":93738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Kate","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Graham, John","contributorId":19010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"King, Susannah","contributorId":103909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Susannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70038137,"text":"70038137 - 2012 - Air-water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T14:24:57.931663","indexId":"70038137","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2621,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Air-water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river","docAbstract":"<p><span>Air–water gas exchange governs fluxes of gas into and out of aquatic ecosystems. Knowing this flux is necessary to calculate gas budgets (i.e., O</span><sub>2</sub><span>) to estimate whole‐ecosystem metabolism and basin‐scale carbon budgets. Empirical data on rates of gas exchange for streams, estuaries, and oceans are readily available. However, there are few data from large rivers and no data from whitewater rapids. We measured gas transfer velocity in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, as decline in O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;saturation deficit, 7 times in a 28‐km segment spanning 7 rapids. The O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;saturation deficit exists because of hypolimnetic discharge from Glen Canyon Dam, located 25&nbsp;km upriver from Lees Ferry. Gas transfer velocity (</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>) increased with slope of the immediate reach.&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>&nbsp;was &lt;&nbsp;10&nbsp;cm&nbsp;h</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;in flat reaches, while&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>&nbsp;for the steepest rapid ranged 3600–7700&nbsp;cm&nbsp;h</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>, an extremely high value of&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>. Using the rate of gas exchange per unit length of water surface elevation (</span><i>K</i><sub>drop</sub><span>, m</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>), segment‐integrated&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>&nbsp;varied between 74 and 101&nbsp;cm&nbsp;h</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>. Using&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>drop</sub><span>&nbsp;we scaled&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>&nbsp;to the remainder of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. At the scale corresponding to the segment length where 80% of the O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;exchanged with the atmosphere (mean length&nbsp;=&nbsp;26.1&nbsp;km),&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>&nbsp;varied 4.5‐fold between 56 and 272&nbsp;cm&nbsp;h</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>&nbsp;with a mean of 113&nbsp;cm&nbsp;h</span><sup>−&nbsp;1</sup><span>. Gas transfer velocity for the Colorado River was higher than those from other aquatic ecosystems because of large rapids. Our approach of scaling&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>600</sub><span>&nbsp;based on&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub>drop</sub><span>&nbsp;allows comparing gas transfer velocity across rivers with spatially heterogeneous morphology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1215/21573689-1572535","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., Kennedy, T., and Rosi-Marshall, E.J., 2012, Air-water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river: Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1572535.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1572535","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.5604248046875,\n              35.94910642813857\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.66229248046874,\n              35.94910642813857\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.66229248046874,\n              36.29741818650811\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5604248046875,\n              36.29741818650811\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5604248046875,\n              35.94910642813857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91be4b0c8380cd480d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Robert O.","contributorId":24604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Robert O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":50227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosi-Marshall, Emma J.","contributorId":17722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosi-Marshall","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038222,"text":"70038222 - 2012 - Acute lead toxicosis via ingestion of spent ammunition in a free-ranging cougar (Puma concolor)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T18:35:26.080354","indexId":"70038222","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute lead toxicosis via ingestion of spent ammunition in a free-ranging cougar (Puma concolor)","docAbstract":"<p>Lead toxicity has long been documented and acknowledged as a significant health issue of water birds and avian scavengers. However, few instances of toxic effects to higher mammalian carnivores have been documented. Here we present an acute case of lead toxicity in a free-ranging cougar (Puma concolor) in Oregon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.216","usgsCitation":"Burco, J., Myers, A.M., Schuler, K., and Gillin, C., 2012, Acute lead toxicosis via ingestion of spent ammunition in a free-ranging cougar (Puma concolor): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 48, no. 1, p. 216-219, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.216.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"219","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029175","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.1455078125,\n              46.28622391806708\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98095703125,\n              46.33934333161126\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.44262695312501,\n              45.75219336063106\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.278076171875,\n              45.85176048817254\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.47607421874999,\n              45.836454050187726\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.05883789062501,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              46.09609080214316\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.30126953125,\n              45.57560020947799\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64184570312501,\n              44.15068115978091\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90551757812499,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.971435546875,\n              41.934976500546604\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.31030273437499,\n              41.94314874732696\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.62890625,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.53002929687499,\n              42.5611728553181\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.69482421875,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.29931640625,\n              43.78695837311561\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0576171875,\n              45.69083283645816\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1455078125,\n              46.28622391806708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d5e4b0c8380cd47669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burco, Julia","contributorId":34756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burco","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Anne Mary","contributorId":85808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillin, Colin","contributorId":87400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillin","given":"Colin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038214,"text":"sir20125049 - 2012 - Methods for evaluating temporal groundwater quality data and results of decadal-scale changes in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the United States, 1988-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"sir20125049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5049","title":"Methods for evaluating temporal groundwater quality data and results of decadal-scale changes in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the United States, 1988-2010","docAbstract":"Decadal-scale changes in groundwater quality were evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Samples of groundwater collected from wells during 1988-2000 - a first sampling event representing the decade ending the 20th century - were compared on a pair-wise basis to samples from the same wells collected during 2001-2010 - a second sampling event representing the decade beginning the 21st century. The data set consists of samples from 1,236 wells in 56 well networks, representing major aquifers and urban and agricultural land-use areas, with analytical results for chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate. Statistical analysis was done on a network basis rather than by individual wells. Although spanning slightly more or less than a 10-year period, the two-sample comparison between the first and second sampling events is referred to as an analysis of decadal-scale change based on a step-trend analysis. The 22 principal aquifers represented by these 56 networks account for nearly 80 percent of the estimated withdrawals of groundwater used for drinking-water supply in the Nation. Well networks where decadal-scale changes in concentrations were statistically significant were identified using the Wilcoxon-Pratt signed-rank test. For the statistical analysis of chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations at the network level, more than half revealed no statistically significant change over the decadal period. However, for networks that had statistically significant changes, increased concentrations outnumbered decreased concentrations by a large margin. Statistically significant increases of chloride concentrations were identified for 43 percent of 56 networks. Dissolved solids concentrations increased significantly in 41 percent of the 54 networks with dissolved solids data, and nitrate concentrations increased significantly in 23 percent of 56 networks. At least one of the three - chloride, dissolved solids, or nitrate - had a statistically significant increase in concentration in 66 percent of the networks. Statistically significant decreases in concentrations were identified in 4 percent of the networks for chloride, 2 percent of the networks for dissolved solids, and 9 percent of the networks for nitrate. A larger percentage of urban land-use networks had statistically significant increases in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations than agricultural land-use networks. In order to assess the magnitude of statistically significant changes, the median of the differences between constituent concentrations from the first full-network sampling event and those from the second full-network sampling event was calculated using the Turnbull method. The largest median decadal increases in chloride concentrations were in networks in the Upper Illinois River Basin (67 mg/L) and in the New England Coastal Basins (34 mg/L), whereas the largest median decadal decrease in chloride concentrations was in the Upper Snake River Basin (1 mg/L). The largest median decadal increases in dissolved solids concentrations were in networks in the Rio Grande Valley (260 mg/L) and the Upper Illinois River Basin (160 mg/L). The largest median decadal decrease in dissolved solids concentrations was in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (6.0 mg/L). The largest median decadal increases in nitrate as nitrogen (N) concentrations were in networks in the South Platte River Basin (2.0 mg/L as N) and the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins (1.0 mg/L as N). The largest median decadal decrease in nitrate concentrations was in the Santee River Basin and Coastal Drainages (0.63 mg/L). The magnitude of change in networks with statistically significant increases typically was much larger than the magnitude of change in networks with statistically significant decreases. The magnitude of change was greatest for chloride in the urban land-use networks and greatest for dissolved solids and nitrate in the agricultural land-use networks. Analysis of data from all networks combined indicated statistically significant increases for chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate. Although chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations were typically less than the drinking-water standards and guidelines, a statistical test was used to determine whether or not the proportion of samples exceeding the drinking-water standard or guideline changed significantly between the first and second full-network sampling events. The proportion of samples exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for dissolved solids (500 milligrams per liter) increased significantly between the first and second full-network sampling events when evaluating all networks combined at the national level. Also, for all networks combined, the proportion of samples exceeding the USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 mg/L as N for nitrate increased significantly. One network in the Delmarva Peninsula had a significant increase in the proportion of samples exceeding the MCL for nitrate. A subset of 261 wells was sampled every other year (biennially) to evaluate decadal-scale changes using a time-series analysis. The analysis of the biennial data set showed that changes were generally similar to the findings from the analysis of decadal-scale change that was based on a step-trend analysis. Because of the small number of wells in a network with biennial data (typically 4-5 wells), the time-series analysis is more useful for understanding water-quality responses to changes in site-specific conditions rather than as an indicator of the change for the entire network.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125049","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., and Rupert, M.G., 2012, Methods for evaluating temporal groundwater quality data and results of decadal-scale changes in chloride, dissolved solids, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the United States, 1988-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5049, vi, 46 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125049.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.; Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5049.png"},{"id":254607,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c0e4b0c8380cd6d291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038197,"text":"sir20125068 - 2012 - Reconnaissance of contaminants in selected wastewater-treatment-plant effluent and stormwater runoff entering the Columbia River, Columbia River Basin, Washington and Oregon, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"sir20125068","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T18:54:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5068","title":"Reconnaissance of contaminants in selected wastewater-treatment-plant effluent and stormwater runoff entering the Columbia River, Columbia River Basin, Washington and Oregon, 2008-10","docAbstract":"<p>Toxic contamination is a significant concern in the Columbia River Basin in Washington and Oregon. To help water managers and policy makers in decision making about future sampling efforts and toxic-reduction activities, a reconnaissance was done to assess contaminant concentrations directly contributed to the Columbia River through wastewater-treatment-plant (WWTP) effluent and stormwater runoff from adjacent urban environments and to evaluate instantaneous loadings to the Columbia River Basin from these inputs.</p>\n<p>Nine cities were selected in Oregon and Washington to provide diversity in physical setting, climate characteristics, and population density&mdash;Wenatchee, Richland, Umatilla, The Dalles, Hood River, Portland, Vancouver, St. Helens, and Longview. Samples were collected from a WWTP in each city and analyzed for anthropogenic organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs [brominated flame-retardants]), organochlorine or legacy compounds, currently used pesticides, mercury, and estrogenicity. Of the 210 compounds analyzed in the WWTP-effluent samples, 112 (53 percent) were detected, and the detection rate for most compound classes was greater than 80 percent. Despite the differences in location, population, treatment type, and plant size, detection frequencies were similar for many of the compounds detected among the WWTPs. By contrast, the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was sporadic, and PCBs were detected at only three WWTPs.</p>\n<p>The stormwater-runoff samples were analyzed for a slightly different set of contaminants, with the focus on those expected to be related to road and land runoff&mdash;PCBs, PBDEs, organochlorine compounds, PAHs, currently used pesticides, trace elements, mercury, and oil and grease. A complex mixture of compounds was detected in stormwater runoff, with detections of 114 (58 percent) of the 195 compounds analyzed. The detection patterns and concentrations measured in the stormwater-runoff samples, however, were more heterogeneous than in the WWTP-effluent samples. This reflects differences in various factors, including suspended-sediment concentrations and known contamination sources present in some watersheds. Trace elements and PAHs, which are related to automobiles and impervious surfaces, were the most widespread compound classes detected in stormwater runoff, a typical finding in stormwater runoff in urban areas.</p>\n<p>With a better understanding of the presence of these contaminants in the environment, future work can focus on developing research to characterize the effects of these contaminants on aquatic life and prioritize toxic-reduction efforts for the Columbia River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission?and the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership?","usgsCitation":"Morace, J.L., 2012, Reconnaissance of contaminants in selected wastewater-treatment-plant effluent and stormwater runoff entering the Columbia River, Columbia River Basin, Washington and Oregon, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5068, viii, 56 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125068.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.; Appendix","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5068.jpg"},{"id":254599,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.25,44.5 ], [ -124.25,49.5 ], [ -117.75,49.5 ], [ -117.75,44.5 ], [ -124.25,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a988de4b0c8380cd82a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morace, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-8132-4044 jlmorace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-4044","contributorId":945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morace","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlmorace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038196,"text":"fs20123049 - 2012 - Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:10:00","indexId":"fs20123049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T18:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3049","title":"Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Domestic oil and gas production and clean water are critical for economic growth, public health, and national security of the United States. As domestic oil and gas production increases in new areas and old fields are enhanced, there is increasing public concern about the effects of energy production on surface-water and groundwater quality. To a great extent, this concern arises from the improved hydraulic fracturing techniques being used today, including horizontal drilling, for producing unconventional oil and gas in low-permeability formations.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis is hosting an interdisciplinary working group of USGS scientists to conduct a temporal and spatial analysis of surface-water and groundwater quality in areas of unconventional oil and gas development. The analysis uses existing national and regional datasets to describe water quality, evaluate water-quality changes over time where there are sufficient data, and evaluate spatial and temporal data gaps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123049","usgsCitation":"Susong, D.D., Gallegos, T.J., and Oelsner, G.P., 2012, Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123049.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3049/FS12-3049_508.pdf","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3049.gif"},{"id":254598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8f9e4b08c986b32cbce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oelsner, Gretchen P. 0000-0001-9329-7357 goelsner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-7357","contributorId":4440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oelsner","given":"Gretchen","email":"goelsner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038194,"text":"ofr20121078 - 2012 - Preliminary observations of voluminous ice-rich and water-rich lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-31T08:31:00","indexId":"ofr20121078","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T17:52:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1078","title":"Preliminary observations of voluminous ice-rich and water-rich lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt, Alaska","docAbstract":"Redoubt Volcano in south-central Alaska began erupting on March 15, 2009, and by April 4, 2009, had produced at least 20 explosive events that generated plumes of ash and lahars. The 3,108-m high, snow- and -ice-clad stratovolcano has an ice-filled summit crater that is breached to the north. The volcano supports about 4 km<sup>3</sup> of ice and snow and about 1 km<sup>3</sup> of this makes up the Drift glacier on the northern side of the volcano. Explosive eruptions between March 22 and April 4, which included the destruction of at least two lava domes, triggered significant lahars in the Drift River valley on March 23 and April 4 and several smaller lahars between March 24 and March 31. High-flow marks, character of deposits, areas of inundation, and estimates of flow velocity revealed that the lahars on March 23 and April 4 were the largest of the eruption. In the 2-km-wide upper Drift River valley, average flow depths were about 3&ndash;5 m. Average peak-flow velocities were likely between 10 and 15 ms<sup>-1</sup>, and peak discharges were on the order of 10<sup>4</sup>&ndash;10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. The area inundated by lahars on March 23 was at least 100 km<sup>2</sup> and on April 4 about 125 km<sup>2</sup>. The lahars emplaced on March 23 and April 4 had volumes on the order of 10<sup>7</sup>&ndash;10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> and were similar in size to the largest lahar of the 1989&ndash;90 eruption. The March 23 lahars were primarily flowing slurries of snow and ice entrained from the Drift glacier and seasonal snow and tabular blocks of river ice from the Drift River valley. Only a single, undifferentiated deposit up to 5 m thick was found and contained about 80&ndash;95 percent of poorly sorted, massive to imbricate assemblages of snow and ice. The deposit was frozen soon after it was emplaced and later eroded and buried by the April 4 lahar. The lahar of April 4, in contrast, was primarily a hyperconcentrated flow, as interpreted from 1- to 6-m thick deposits of massive to horizontally stratified sand-to-fine-gravel. Rock material in the April 4 lahar deposit is predominantly juvenile andesite. We infer that the lahars generated on March 23 were initiated by a rapid succession of vent-clearing explosions that blasted through about 50&ndash;100 m of crater-filling glacier ice and snow, producing a voluminous release of meltwater from the Drift glacier. The resulting flood eroded and entrained snow, fragments of glacier and river ice, and liquid water along its flow path. Small-volume pyroclastic flows, possibly associated with destruction of a small dome or minor eruption-column collapses, may have contributed additional meltwater to the lahar. Meltwater generated by subglacial hydrothermal activity and stored beneath the Drift glacier may have been ejected or released rapidly as well. The April 4 lahar was initiated when hot dome-collapse pyroclastic flows entrained and swiftly melted snow and ice, and incorporated additional rock debris from the Drift glacier. The peak discharge of the April 4 lahar was in the range of 60,000&ndash;160,000 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. For comparison, the largest lahar of the 1989&ndash;90 eruption had a peak discharge of about 80,000 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. Lahars generated by the 2009 eruption led to significant channel aggradation in the lower Drift River valley and caused extensive inundation at an oil storage and transfer facility located there. The April 4, 2009, lahar was 6&ndash;30 times larger than the largest meteorological floods known or estimated in the Drift River drainage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121078","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Pierson, T.C., Major, J.J., and Scott, W.E., 2012, Preliminary observations of voluminous ice-rich and water-rich lahars generated during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1078, vi, 18 p.; Figures; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121078.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.; Figures; Tables","temporalStart":"2009-03-15","temporalEnd":"2009-04-04","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1078.jpg"},{"id":254596,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -152.28333333333333,60.53333333333333 ], [ -152.28333333333333,60.71666666666667 ], [ -152.05,60.71666666666667 ], [ -152.05,60.53333333333333 ], [ -152.28333333333333,60.53333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8938e4b0c8380cd7dd4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038192,"text":"sir20125060 - 2012 - Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5060","title":"Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Highway 95 Fault is a buried, roughly east-west trending growth fault at the southern extent of Yucca Mountain and Southwestern Nevada Volcanic Field. Little is known about the role of this fault in the movement of groundwater from the Yucca Mountain area to downgradient groundwater users in Amargosa Valley. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Arizona Water Science Center (AZWSC), in cooperation with the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office (NWRPO), has used direct current (DC) resistivity, controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT), and transient electromagnetics (TEM) to better understand the fault. These geophysical surveys were designed to look at structures buried beneath the alluvium, following a transect of wells for lithologic control. Results indicate that the fault is just north of U.S. Highway 95, between wells NC-EWDP-2DB and -19D, and south of Highway 95, east of well NC-EWDP-2DB. The Highway 95 Fault may inhibit shallow groundwater movement by uplifting deep Paleozoic carbonates, effectively reducing the overlying alluvial aquifer thickness and restricting the movement of water. Upward vertical hydraulic gradients in wells proximal to the fault indicate that upward movement is occurring from deeper, higher-pressure aquifers.</p>\n<p>From December 2006 to January 2007, the USGS and NWRPO collected dipole-dipole DC resistivity data to characterize the Highway 95 Fault. Modeled data from the resistivity study agreed with mapped faults from gravity anomalies and highlighted a prominent fault within 1.5 km of Highway 95, thought to be the Highway 95 Fault. Results of the dipole-dipole resistivity survey warranted further study.</p>\n<p>From March to April of 2008, the USGS and Nye County continued their geophysical investigation of the Highway 95 Fault using TEM and CSAMT geophysical techniques. TEM and CSAMT data were collected along the same profile as the dipole-dipole resistivity data. Modeled data from these additional studies yielded similar results to the dipole-dipole resistivity study. An area of distinct resistivity change was detected within 1.5 km of Highway 95, and it is thought that this change is the Highway 95 Fault.</p>\n<p>Coordinated application of electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods provided better characterization of the Highway 95 Fault. The comparison of dipole-dipole resistivity, TEM, and CSAMT data confirm faulting of an uplifted block of resistive Paleozoic Carbonate that lies beneath a more conductive sandstone unit. A more resistive alluvial basin-fill unit is found above the sandstone unit, and it constitutes only about 150 m of the uppermost subsurface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., Kryder, L., and Walker, J., 2012, Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5060, vi, 31 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125060.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5060.gif"},{"id":254593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.83333333333333,36.333333333333336 ], [ -116.83333333333333,37 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37 ], [ -116.08333333333333,36.333333333333336 ], [ -116.83333333333333,36.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e3e4b0c8380cd4bf9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kryder, Levi","contributorId":25392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryder","given":"Levi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Jamieson","contributorId":87787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jamieson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038182,"text":"sir20125014 - 2012 - Evaluation of the effects of Middleton's stormwater-management activities on streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Pheasant Branch, Dane County, Wisconsin 1975-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T13:12:16","indexId":"sir20125014","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5014","title":"Evaluation of the effects of Middleton's stormwater-management activities on streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Pheasant Branch, Dane County, Wisconsin 1975-2008","docAbstract":"Few long-term data sets are available for evaluating the effects of urban stormwater-management practices. Over 30 years of data are available for evaluating the effectiveness of such practices by the city of Middleton, Wis. Analysis of streamflow and water-quality data collected on Pheasant Branch, demonstrates the relation between the changes in the watershed to the structural and nonstructural best management practices put in place during 1975-2008. A comparison of the data from Pheasant Branch with streamflow and water-quality data (suspended sediment and total phosphorus) collected at other nearby streams was made to assist in the determination of the possible causes of the changes in Pheasant Branch. \nBased on 34 years of streamflow data collected at the Pheasant Branch at Middleton streamflow-gaging station, flood peak discharges increased 37 percent for the 2-year flood and 83 percent for the 100-year flood. A comparison of data for the same period from an adjacent rural stream, Black Earth at Black Earth had a 43 percent increase in the 2-year flood peak discharge and a 140-percent increase in the 100-year flood peak discharge. Because the flood peak discharges on Pheasant Branch have not increased as much as Black Earth Creek it appears that the stormwater management practices have been successful in mitigating the effects of urbanization. Generally urbanization results in increased flood peak discharges. The overall increase in flood peak discharges seen in both streams probably is the result of the substantial increase in precipitation during the study period. Average annual runoff in Pheasant Branch has also been increasing due to increasing average annual precipitation and urbanization. \nThe stormwater-management practices in Middleton have been successful in decreasing the suspended-sediment and total phosphorus loads to Lake Mendota from the Pheasant Branch watershed. These loads decreased in spite of increased annual runoff and flood peaks, which are often expected to produce higher sediment and phosphorus loads. The biggest decreases in sediment and phosphorus loads occurred after 2001 when a large detention pond, the Confluence Pond, began operation. Since 2001, the annual suspended-sediment load has decreased from 2,650 tons per year to 1,450 tons per year for a 45-percent decrease. The annual total phosphorus load has decreased from 12,200 pounds per year to 6,300 pounds per year for a 48-percent decrease. A comparison of Pheasant Branch at Middleton with two other streams, Spring Harbor Storm Sewer and Yahara River at Windsor, that drain into Lake Mendota shows that suspended-sediment and total phosphorus load decreases were greatest at Pheasant Branch at Middleton. Prior to the construction of the Confluence Pond, annual suspended-sediment yield and total phosphorus yield from Pheasant Branch watershed was the largest of the three watersheds. After 2001, suspended-sediment yield was greatest at Spring Harbor Storm Sewer, and lowest at Yahara at Windsor; annual total phosphorus yield was greater at Yahara River at Windsor than that of Pheasant Branch. The stormwater-quality plan for Middleton shows that the city has met the present State of Wisconsin Administrative Code chap. NR216/NR151 requirements of reducing total suspended solids by 20 percent for the developed area in Middleton. In addition, the city already has met the 40-percent reduction in total suspended solids required by 2013. \nSnow and ice melt runoff from road surfaces and parking lots following winter storms can effect water quality because the runoff contains varying amounts of road salt. To evaluate the effect of road deicing on stream water quality in Pheasant Branch, specific conductance and chloride were monitored during two winter seasons. The maximum estimated concentration of chloride during the monitoring period was 931 milligrams per liter, which exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acute criterion of 860 milligrams per liter. Chloride concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic criterion of 230 milligrams per liter for at least 10 days during February and March 2007 and for 45 days during the 2007-8 winter seasons. The total sodium chloride load for the monitoring period was 1,720 tons and the largest sodium chloride load occurred in March and April of each year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Middleton, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Gebert, W.A., Rose, W., and Garn, H.S., 2012, Evaluation of the effects of Middleton's stormwater-management activities on streamflow and water-quality characteristics of Pheasant Branch, Dane County, Wisconsin 1975-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5014, v, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125014.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5014.jpg"},{"id":254590,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":332412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5014/pdf/sir2012-5014_041712.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch watershed, Confluence Pond","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ce0e4b0c8380cd52d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":514115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garn, Herbert S. hsgarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"Herbert","email":"hsgarn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":514116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038175,"text":"ofr20121068 - 2012 - Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"ofr20121068","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1068","title":"Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945-2011","docAbstract":"The Nisqually River drains the southwest slopes of Mount Rainier, a glaciated stratovolcano in the Cascade Range of western Washington. The Nisqually River was impounded behind Alder Dam when the dam was completed in 1945 and formed Alder Lake. This report quantifies the volume of sediment deposited by the Nisqually and Little Nisqually Rivers in their respective deltas in Alder Lake since 1945. Four digital elevation surfaces were generated from historical contour maps from 1945, 1956, and 1985, and a bathymetric survey from 2011. These surfaces were used to compute changes in sediment volume since 1945. Estimates of the volume of sediment deposited in Alder Lake between 1945 and 2011 were focused in three areas: (1) the Nisqually River delta, (2) the main body of Alder Lake, along a 40-meter wide corridor of the pre-dam Nisqually River, and (3) the Little Nisqually River delta. In each of these areas the net deposition over the 66-year period was 42,000,000 &plusmn; 4,000,000 cubic meters (m<sup>3</sup>), 2,000,000 &plusmn; 600,000 m<sup>3</sup>, and 310,000 &plusmn; 110,000 m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. These volumes correspond to annual rates of accumulation of 630,000 &plusmn; 60,000 m<sup>3</sup>/yr, 33,000 &plusmn; 9,000 m<sup>3</sup>/yr, and 4,700 &plusmn; 1,600 m<sup>3</sup>/yr, respectively. The annual sediment yield of the Nisqually (1,100 &plusmn; 100 cubic meters per year per square kilometer [(m<sup>3</sup>/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>]) and Little Nisqually River basins [70 &plusmn; 24 (m<sup>3</sup>/yr)/km<sup>2</sup>] provides insight into the yield of two basins with different land cover and geomorphic processes. These estimates suggest that a basin draining a glaciated stratovolcano yields approximately 15 times more sediment than a basin draining forested uplands in the Cascade Range. Given the cumulative net change in sediment volume in the Nisqually River delta in Alder Lake, the total capacity of Alder Lake since 1945 decreased about 3 percent by 1956, 8 percent by 1985, and 15 percent by 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pierce County Public Works and Utilities, Surface Water Management, and King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Water and Land Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Olsen, T.D., Czuba, C.R., Magirl, C.S., and Gish, C.C., 2012, Changes in sediment volume in Alder Lake, Nisqually River Basin, Washington, 1945-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1068, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121068.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1945-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1068.jpg"},{"id":254584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Alder Lake;Nisqually River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f425e4b0c8380cd4bb81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gish, Casey C.","contributorId":55245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gish","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038167,"text":"ofr20121047 - 2012 - Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T15:09:13","indexId":"ofr20121047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1047","title":"Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected during October 2009&ndash;January 2011 to characterize nutrient and bacteria concentrations in stormwater runoff from agricultural fields that receive wastewater originating at a swine facility at North Carolina State University's Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory (LWRFL) in Wake County, North Carolina. The swine facility consists of six swine houses, two wastewater storage lagoons, and wastewater spray fields. The data-collection network consisted of 11 sampling sites, including 4 wastewater sites, 3 in-field runoff sites, and 4 stream sites. Continuous precipitation data were recorded with a raingage to document rainfall conditions during the study.</p>\n<p>Study sites were sampled for laboratory analysis of nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS), and (or) fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Nutrient analyses included measurement of dissolved ammonia, total and dissolved ammonia + organic nitrogen, dissolved nitrate + nitrite, dissolved orthophosphate, and total phosphorus. The FIB analyses included measurement of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci. Samples of wastewater at the swine facility were collected from a pipe outfall from the swine housing units, two storage lagoons, and the spray fields for analysis of nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Soil samples collected from a spray field were analyzed for FIB. Monitoring locations were established for collecting discharge and water-quality data during storm events at three in-field runoff sites and two sites on the headwater stream (one upstream and one downstream) next to the swine facility. Stormflow samples at the five monitoring locations were collected for four storm events during 2009 to 2010 and analyzed for nutrients, TSS, and FIB. Monthly water samples also were collected during base-flow conditions at all four stream sites for laboratory analysis of nutrients, TSS, and (or) FIB.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., Rogers, S.W., Jahne, M.A., Shaffer, C.E., and Smith, D.G., 2012, Characterization of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria at a concentrated swine feeding operation in Wake County, North Carolina, 2009-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1047, vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121047.","productDescription":"vii, 12 p.; Tables; Appendices 1 and 2 Download","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1047.jpg"},{"id":254578,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Wake County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Wheeler Road Field Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.733333333333334 ], [ -78.66666666666667,35.7175 ], [ -78.68333333333334,35.7175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d3e4b0c8380cd4bf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Shane W.","contributorId":21017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahne, Michael A.","contributorId":90968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahne","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Carrie E.","contributorId":104321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038166,"text":"ofr20121013 - 2012 - Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T16:42:42.571169","indexId":"ofr20121013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1013","title":"Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008","docAbstract":"<p>Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area's water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2007 through September 2008. Major findings for this period include:</p>\n<p>&bull;Antecedent drought conditions during 2007 contributed to below-average flows at streams throughout the study area during 2008. Continuous records from 9 of the 10 project stream gages documented below-average streamflow during most of the year.</p>\n<p>&bull;More than 8,000 individual measurements of water quality were made at a total of 27 sites&mdash;15 in the Neuse River Basin and 12 in the Cape Fear River Basin.</p>\n<p>&bull;North Carolina water-quality standards were exceeded one or more times for nine constituents, including dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH, chlorophyll a, mercury, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. Exceedances occurred at 26 sites, 14 of which were in the Neuse River Basin, and 12 of which were in the Cape Fear River Basin.</p>\n<p>&bull;Stream samples collected during storm events contained elevated concentrations of iron, copper, and total phosphorus relative to non-storm samples.</p>\n<p>&bull;The first full year of sampling was completed for a new project site at Lake Butner in Granville County. Among all lakes sampled during 2008, Lake Butner had the lowest concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and specific conductance and the highest water clarity.</p>\n<p>&bull;Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were within ranges observed during previous years; however, Falls Lake at U.S. Interstate 85 had elevated levels of nitrate plus nitrite and total phosphorus relative to other sites.</p>\n<p>&bull;Five lakes had chlorophyll a concentrations in excess of 40 micrograms per liter at least once during 2008, including Little River Reservoir, Falls Lake, Lake Benson, University Lake, and Jordan Lake.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Giorgino, M., Rasmussen, R., and Pfeifle, C., 2012, Quality of surface-water supplies in the Triangle area of North Carolina, water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1013, iv, 12 p.; Table 2 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121013.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Table 2","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/data/OFR2012-1013_Table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":503706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/pdf/2012-1013.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1013.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Fear And Neuse River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,36.25 ], [ -78.25,36.25 ], [ -78.25,35.666666666666664 ], [ -79.41666666666667,35.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a913fe4b0c8380cd80186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giorgino, M. J.","contributorId":97149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, R. B.","contributorId":90395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeifle, C.A.","contributorId":57304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeifle","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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