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dual-basin concept","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464163,"rank":25,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30058.htm","text":"Artesian water in the Spiritwood buried valley complex, North Dakota","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464164,"rank":26,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30059.htm","text":"A buried valley northwest of Manhattan, Kansas","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464165,"rank":27,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30060.htm","text":"Stratigraphy of lower and middle parts of the Pierre Shale, northern Great Plains","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464166,"rank":28,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30061.htm","text":"Thrust faults in the southern Lisburne Hills, northwest Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464168,"rank":30,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30063.htm","text":"Multiple glaciation in the headwaters area of the Delta River, central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464169,"rank":31,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30064.htm","text":"Recession of Portage Glacier, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464170,"rank":32,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30065.htm","text":"Preliminary gravity survey of the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464171,"rank":33,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30066.htm","text":"Gravity low at Minto Flats, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464172,"rank":34,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30067.htm","text":"Gravity survey near Tucson, Arizona","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464173,"rank":35,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30068.htm","text":"Electromagnetic studies in the Twin Buttes quadrangle, Arizona","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464174,"rank":36,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30069.htm","text":"Aeromagnetic interpretation of zoned intrusions in northern Maine-Wood Pond area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464184,"rank":46,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30079.htm","text":"Geochemical surveying for gold veins in the Atlantic district, Wyoming","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":464185,"rank":47,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30080.htm","text":"Disposal of uranium-mill effluent near Grants, New Mexico","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publicComments":"Subtitle: Scientific notes and summaries of investigations prepared by members of the Geologic, Water Resources, and Conservation Divisions in the fields of geology, hydrology, and allied sciences. ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2416,"text":"wsp1497 - 1961 - Geologic features and ground-water storage capacity of the Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"wsp1497","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1497","title":"Geologic features and ground-water storage capacity of the Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"The Sacramento Valley constitutes the northern and smaller arm of the Central Valley of California. It is about 150 miles long by about 30 miles wide; and its area is about 5,000 square miles. The Sacramento Valley is drained by the Sacramento River, the largest in California, which rises west of Mount Shasta and flows southward to join the San Joaquin River near Suisun Bay and discharges through San Francisco Bay to the Pacific. Most of the valley floor is suitable for growing crops, and under irrigation the land is highly productive. \r\n\r\nThe Sacramento Valley is underlain by sediments transported from the surrounding mountains by the Sacramento River and its tributaries. The floor of the valley slopes southward from about 300 feet above sea level at the north end near Red Bluff to sea level at Suisun Bay. The Sutter Buttes, which are erosional remnants of an old volcano rise to 2,132 feet above sea level near the center of the valley. The valley floor is not a featureless plain but is characterized by various types of topography, which have been assigned to four principal groups: 1, low hills and dissected alluvial uplands; 2, low alluvial plains and fans; 3, flood plains and natural levees; and 4, flood basins; a fifth and relatively minor group consists of the tidal Islands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which are south of the principal area of investigation. The rocks that underlie the Sacramento Valley and the bordering mountains range from crystalline rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age to unconsolidated alluvium of Recent age. These rocks have been subdivided into 20 geologic units which may be assigned to 2 broad categories: rocks that yield little water and rocks that yield water freely. The rocks of the first category are chiefly marine sedimentary rocks of Late Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Early Tertiary age and a basement complex of pre-Tertiary crystalline rocks. The rocks of the second category consist predominantly of nonmarine valley-filling sediments of late Tertiary and Quaternary age, which constitute the principal ground-water reservoir in the Sacramento Valley. \r\n\r\nThe rocks that yield little or no water includes the following geologic units: 1, Basement complex of the Sierra Nevada (pre-Tertiary); 2, Shasta series (Lower Cretaceous); 3, Chico formation (Upper Cretaceous); 4, Paleocene series; 5, Eocene series (in part, water yielding); 6, basalt (Tertiary); 7, sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin on the west side of the Sacramento Valley (Tertiary, in part water yielding) ; 8, intrusive rhyolite and andesite and vent tuff of the Sutter Buttes (Pliocene); and 9, tuff-breccia of the Sutter Buttes (Pliocene, in part water yielding). \r\n\r\nThe rocks that yield water freely, comprises the following geologic units: 1, Volcanic rocks from the Sierra Nevada (Eocene to Pliocene; in part yield little or no water); 2, Tuscan formation (Pliocene; in part yield little or no water); 3, Tehama formation (Pliocene); 4, Tehama formation and related continental sediments, undifferentiated (Pliocene and Pleistocene); 5, Laguna formation and related continental sediments (Pliocene and Pleistocene); 6, fanglomerate from the Cascade Range (Pleistocene); 7, Red Bluff formation (Pleistocene); 8, Victor formation and related deposits (Pleistocene); 9, alluvial-fan deposits (Pleistocene and Recent); 10, river deposits (Recent); and 11, flood-basin deposits (Recent). \r\n\r\nThe volcanic rocks from the Sierra Nevada consist chiefly of andesitic and rhyolitic detritus. Most of these volcanic rocks are fragmental and were deposited either as mudflows or by streams. Their permeability is extremely variable, the poorly consolidated sandstone and conglomerate strata locally yield water copiously to wells, but the interbedded fine-grained and cemented strata are virtually impermeable and act as confining layers. \r\n\r\nThe Tuscan formation, which occurs in the northeastern part of the valley, consists of fragmental andesitic and basaltic mate","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1497","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., and Davis, G.H., 1961, Geologic features and ground-water storage capacity of the Sacramento Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1497, vi, 241 p. :maps (1 col.) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1497.","productDescription":"vi, 241 p. :maps (1 col.) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28421,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28422,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28423,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28424,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28425,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1497/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a60f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G. H.","contributorId":40963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2660,"text":"wsp1539D - 1961 - Correlation of ground-water levels and air temperatures in the winter and spring in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp1539D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1539","chapter":"D","title":"Correlation of ground-water levels and air temperatures in the winter and spring in Minnesota","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1539D","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1961, Correlation of ground-water levels and air temperatures in the winter and spring in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1539, iii, 14 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1539D.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1539d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3178,"text":"wsp1369B - 1961 - Energy losses, associated with abrupt enlargements in pipes; with special reference to the influence of boundary roughness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1369B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1369","chapter":"B","title":"Energy losses, associated with abrupt enlargements in pipes; with special reference to the influence of boundary roughness","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1369B","usgsCitation":"Kindsavter, C.E., 1961, Energy losses, associated with abrupt enlargements in pipes; with special reference to the influence of boundary roughness: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1369, 154 p. :illus., maps. ;24 cm. :53-75 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1369B.","productDescription":"154 p. :illus., maps. ;24 cm. :53-75 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1369b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1369b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6028de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindsavter, Carl E.","contributorId":82686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindsavter","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1163,"text":"wsp1498D - 1961 - Effect of depth of flow on discharge of bed material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1498D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1498","chapter":"D","title":"Effect of depth of flow on discharge of bed material","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in flow in alluvial channels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nfor sale by Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1498D","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Colby, B.R., 1961, Effect of depth of flow on discharge of bed material: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1498, iii, 12 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1498D.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1498d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25997,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1498d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62576b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colby, Bruce R.","contributorId":59775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colby","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64349,"text":"gp282 - 1961 - Aeromagnetic map of the West York quadrangle, York County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:53","indexId":"gp282","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"282","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the West York quadrangle, York County, Pennsylvania","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gp282","usgsCitation":"Bromery, R.W., Zandle, G.L., and and others, 1961, Aeromagnetic map of the West York quadrangle, York County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 282, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gp282.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":251011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0282/report.pdf","size":"30","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251012,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0282/plate-1.pdf","size":"2405","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0282/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.86749999999999,39.8675 ], [ -76.86749999999999,40 ], [ -76.75,40 ], [ -76.75,39.8675 ], [ -76.86749999999999,39.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68be96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromery, Randolph Wilson","contributorId":22746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromery","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"Wilson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zandle, G. L.","contributorId":39863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zandle","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":533567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047695,"text":"70047695 - 1961 - A study of flow in alluvial channels: the effect of large concentrations of fine sediment on the mechanics of flow in a small flume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-09T09:31:38","indexId":"70047695","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-21T14:54:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"A study of flow in alluvial channels: the effect of large concentrations of fine sediment on the mechanics of flow in a small flume","docAbstract":"A flume study was made using a natural river sand as the bed material, median diameter = 0. 54 millimeters. Clear-water flow was compared with flow containing from 6 1 000 to 65,000 parts per million of fine sediment (bentonite). The study shows that the form of bed roughness could be changed by adding sufficient fine sediment (bentonite) to the clear-water flow. The total bed material transport was decreased by 50 percent with increasing fine sediment\nconcentration with the dune bed form and was increased by as much as 550 percent for the transition, standing wave, and antidune forms of bed roughness. Resistance to flow was less (C/√ g increased by 45 percent) with fine sediment-laden flow than with clear-water flow for the dune, and transition bed forms; and was greater (C/√ g reduced by 25 percent) for the standing waves and the antidunes. A narrow range of bentonite concentration for each form of bed roughness was established as a limit below which only minor changes in bed form, bed material transport, and resistance to flow occurred. The variation of the liquid properties, specific weight and viscosity, for water-bentonite dispersions were studied and their effect on the properties of the bed material particles measured. The fall velocity of the particles in a dispersion of 100, 000 parts per million fine sediment in water was reduced to about one-half their fall velocity in clear water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.3133/70047695","usgsCitation":"Haushild, W.L., Simons, D.B., and Richadrson, E.V., 1961, A study of flow in alluvial channels: the effect of large concentrations of fine sediment on the mechanics of flow in a small flume, viii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047695.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278730,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047695/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":276775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047695/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a217be4b051792d0194c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haushild, William Leland","contributorId":87447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haushild","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Leland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, Daryl Baldwin","contributorId":98621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"Baldwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richadrson, Everett V.","contributorId":75053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richadrson","given":"Everett","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":265,"text":"265 - 1961 - Surface water records of Indiana, 1961","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T13:33:05","indexId":"265","displayToPublicDate":"1962-01-01T13:18:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Surface water records of Indiana, 1961","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1961 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, district engineer, Surface Water Branch.
\nThis report marks the beginning of a new method of presenting, annually, basic data on surface-water records by States. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in Indiana were contained in Parts 3A, 4 and 5 of that series.
\nBeginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data will be released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports will be limited and primarily for local needs. The records later will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of coterminous United States will be further subdivided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/265","issn":"0565-5986","collaboration":"Prepared under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, District Engineer, Surface Water Branch, in cooperation with the State of Indiana and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1961, Surface water records of Indiana, 1961, vii, 185 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/265.","productDescription":"vii, 185 p.","numberOfPages":"194","temporalStart":"1960-10-01","temporalEnd":"1961-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/265.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b2807e4b0929ba496abb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206836,"text":"70206836 - 1961 - Origin of Pennsylvanian underclay and related seat rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T06:51:24","indexId":"70206836","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T20:19:59","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Pennsylvanian underclay and related seat rocks","docAbstract":"Seat rocks, including underclay, underlie coal beds and show features such as roots, profiles similar to water-logged soils, lack of bedding, soil-like fracture, and gradation into normally bedded sedimentary rocks indicating that they were once soils. Coarse-grained seat rocks range from argillaceous to nearly pure quartz sandstone (ganister). Seat rocks composed of clay-sized particles (underclays) range from mixtures of illite, mixed-layer clay, and kaolinite to essentially pure kaolinite. Variations in the quartz or kaolinite content suggest that there are degrees of alteration in the formation of a seat rock and that all kinds of seat rock were formed by leaching of the substratum in a swamp. The increasing crystallinity of the clay minerals from plastic underclays to semiflint clay to flint clay and the corresponding increase in titanium support this conclusion. These two features suggest strongly that flint clays formed in place in an acidic swamp environment. The Olive Hill clay shows residual acidity. Seat rocks are affected by the chemical environments in the swamp before peat accumulation, during peat accumulation, and during coalification. Kaolinite is forming in present-day swamps and in wet acidic soils in Hawaii and probably formed in late Paleozoic swamps. The facts can be interpreted to show that all kinds of seat rocks could have formed in Pennsylvanian swamps and probably most did.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1643:OOPUAR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Huddle, J.W., and Patterson, S.H., 1961, Origin of Pennsylvanian underclay and related seat rocks: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 11, p. 1643-1660 , https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1643:OOPUAR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1660 ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huddle, J. W.","contributorId":29043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddle","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, S. H.","contributorId":85232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220609,"text":"70220609 - 1961 - Geophysical study of subsurface structure in southern Owens Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T23:39:11.496193","indexId":"70220609","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T18:34:15","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical study of subsurface structure in southern Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"Gravity and seismic measurements in southern Owens Valley, California, have outlined a deep subsurface trough, bounded throughout the greater part of its length by steep faults. Depths to the bedrock floor along the central part of the valley range from 3,000 to 9,000 ft below the surface. The subsurface trough is divided into two parts, a narrow channel-like depression near Lone Pine bounded by northwest-trending faults, and a broad basin at Owens Lake bounded by a more complex series of border faults. The bedrock ridge that crops out to form Alabama Hills is shown to extend from Independence to the north edge of Owens Lake, nearly twice its visible extent. The main direction of faults that have formed the valley is northwest; subsidiary faults trend north, northeast, and east. A fairly sharp velocity boundary within the Cenozoic valley deposits suggests a change in the rate and character of deposition which was probably the result of renewed uplift in the nearby mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438835","usgsCitation":"Kane, M.F., and Pakisek, L., 1961, Geophysical study of subsurface structure in southern Owens Valley, California: Geophysics, v. 26, no. 1, p. 12-26, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438835.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 37.74465712069939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, M. F.","contributorId":45708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pakisek, L.C.","contributorId":258180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pakisek","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220598,"text":"70220598 - 1961 - Infrared phosphorescence detection using pulsed excitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:08:16.396293","indexId":"70220598","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T16:03:17","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3276,"text":"Review of Scientific Instruments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrared phosphorescence detection using pulsed excitation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AIP","doi":"10.1063/1.1717485","usgsCitation":"Barnett, R.H., and Moxham, R., 1961, Infrared phosphorescence detection using pulsed excitation: Review of Scientific Instruments, v. 32, no. 6, p. 740-741, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717485.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"741","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, Ray H.","contributorId":258251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220597,"text":"70220597 - 1961 - Paleomagnetism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T20:57:52.507978","indexId":"70220597","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T15:53:14","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3887,"text":"Advances in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism","docAbstract":"This chapter highlights the ways in which rocks become magnetized. It also interprets paleomagnetic results in terms of the theories of polar wandering, continental drift, and an expanding Earth. The chapter describes the salient characteristics and trends of the geomagnetic field during the period of direct observation. Several questions are posed concerning the extension of these properties back to earlier times. Some of these questions can now be answered from the results of paleomagnetic research. The intensity of the main dipole component of the geomagnetic field appears to have been decreasing since well before the period of direct observation. Furthermore, two important properties of the geomagnetic field have been established by spherical harmonic analysis. First, the field is derivable from a potential and, hence, contributions to the total field from currents flowing across the Earth–air interface are negligibly small. Secondly, 2–5% of the field is of external origin and is because of movements of charged particles in the space around the Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60342-8","usgsCitation":"Doell, R., and Cox, A., 1961, Paleomagnetism: Advances in Geophysics, v. 8, p. 221-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60342-8.","productDescription":"93 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}