The surface-water records for the 1961 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, district engineer, Surface Water Branch.
\nThis report marks the beginning of a new method of presenting, annually, basic data on surface-water records by States. Through September 30, 1960, the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.\" Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in Indiana were contained in Parts 3A, 4 and 5 of that series.
\nBeginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data will be released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports will be limited and primarily for local needs. The records later will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of coterminous United States will be further subdivided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/265","issn":"0565-5986","collaboration":"Prepared under the direction of Malcolm D. Hale, District Engineer, Surface Water Branch, in cooperation with the State of Indiana and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1961, Surface water records of Indiana, 1961, vii, 185 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/265.","productDescription":"vii, 185 p.","numberOfPages":"194","temporalStart":"1960-10-01","temporalEnd":"1961-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/265.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b2807e4b0929ba496abb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206836,"text":"70206836 - 1961 - Origin of Pennsylvanian underclay and related seat rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T06:51:24","indexId":"70206836","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T20:19:59","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Pennsylvanian underclay and related seat rocks","docAbstract":"Seat rocks, including underclay, underlie coal beds and show features such as roots, profiles similar to water-logged soils, lack of bedding, soil-like fracture, and gradation into normally bedded sedimentary rocks indicating that they were once soils. Coarse-grained seat rocks range from argillaceous to nearly pure quartz sandstone (ganister). Seat rocks composed of clay-sized particles (underclays) range from mixtures of illite, mixed-layer clay, and kaolinite to essentially pure kaolinite. Variations in the quartz or kaolinite content suggest that there are degrees of alteration in the formation of a seat rock and that all kinds of seat rock were formed by leaching of the substratum in a swamp. The increasing crystallinity of the clay minerals from plastic underclays to semiflint clay to flint clay and the corresponding increase in titanium support this conclusion. These two features suggest strongly that flint clays formed in place in an acidic swamp environment. The Olive Hill clay shows residual acidity. Seat rocks are affected by the chemical environments in the swamp before peat accumulation, during peat accumulation, and during coalification. Kaolinite is forming in present-day swamps and in wet acidic soils in Hawaii and probably formed in late Paleozoic swamps. The facts can be interpreted to show that all kinds of seat rocks could have formed in Pennsylvanian swamps and probably most did.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1643:OOPUAR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Huddle, J.W., and Patterson, S.H., 1961, Origin of Pennsylvanian underclay and related seat rocks: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 11, p. 1643-1660 , https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1643:OOPUAR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1660 ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huddle, J. W.","contributorId":29043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddle","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, S. H.","contributorId":85232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220609,"text":"70220609 - 1961 - Geophysical study of subsurface structure in southern Owens Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T23:39:11.496193","indexId":"70220609","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T18:34:15","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical study of subsurface structure in southern Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"Gravity and seismic measurements in southern Owens Valley, California, have outlined a deep subsurface trough, bounded throughout the greater part of its length by steep faults. Depths to the bedrock floor along the central part of the valley range from 3,000 to 9,000 ft below the surface. The subsurface trough is divided into two parts, a narrow channel-like depression near Lone Pine bounded by northwest-trending faults, and a broad basin at Owens Lake bounded by a more complex series of border faults. The bedrock ridge that crops out to form Alabama Hills is shown to extend from Independence to the north edge of Owens Lake, nearly twice its visible extent. The main direction of faults that have formed the valley is northwest; subsidiary faults trend north, northeast, and east. A fairly sharp velocity boundary within the Cenozoic valley deposits suggests a change in the rate and character of deposition which was probably the result of renewed uplift in the nearby mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438835","usgsCitation":"Kane, M.F., and Pakisek, L., 1961, Geophysical study of subsurface structure in southern Owens Valley, California: Geophysics, v. 26, no. 1, p. 12-26, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438835.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 37.74465712069939\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 37.74465712069939\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, M. F.","contributorId":45708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pakisek, L.C.","contributorId":258180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pakisek","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220598,"text":"70220598 - 1961 - Infrared phosphorescence detection using pulsed excitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:08:16.396293","indexId":"70220598","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T16:03:17","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3276,"text":"Review of Scientific Instruments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrared phosphorescence detection using pulsed excitation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AIP","doi":"10.1063/1.1717485","usgsCitation":"Barnett, R.H., and Moxham, R., 1961, Infrared phosphorescence detection using pulsed excitation: Review of Scientific Instruments, v. 32, no. 6, p. 740-741, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717485.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"741","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, Ray H.","contributorId":258251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220597,"text":"70220597 - 1961 - Paleomagnetism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T20:57:52.507978","indexId":"70220597","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T15:53:14","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3887,"text":"Advances in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism","docAbstract":"This chapter highlights the ways in which rocks become magnetized. It also interprets paleomagnetic results in terms of the theories of polar wandering, continental drift, and an expanding Earth. The chapter describes the salient characteristics and trends of the geomagnetic field during the period of direct observation. Several questions are posed concerning the extension of these properties back to earlier times. Some of these questions can now be answered from the results of paleomagnetic research. The intensity of the main dipole component of the geomagnetic field appears to have been decreasing since well before the period of direct observation. Furthermore, two important properties of the geomagnetic field have been established by spherical harmonic analysis. First, the field is derivable from a potential and, hence, contributions to the total field from currents flowing across the Earth–air interface are negligibly small. Secondly, 2–5% of the field is of external origin and is because of movements of charged particles in the space around the Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60342-8","usgsCitation":"Doell, R., and Cox, A., 1961, Paleomagnetism: Advances in Geophysics, v. 8, p. 221-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60342-8.","productDescription":"93 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70213476,"text":"70213476 - 1961 - Letter to the editor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:11:52.57332","indexId":"70213476","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T15:06:39","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Letter to the editor","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206816109473603","usgsCitation":"Vitaliano, D.B., 1961, Letter to the editor: International Geology Review, v. 3, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206816109473603.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"483","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vitaliano, Dorothy B.","contributorId":46159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitaliano","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220646,"text":"70220646 - 1961 - Age measurements from a part of the Brazilian shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:28:14.156881","indexId":"70220646","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T14:23:38","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age measurements from a part of the Brazilian shield","docAbstract":"Potassium-argon determinations on micas from Precambrian granitic rocks of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil, suggest three ages of intrusion: 2400 m.y. determined from gneiss within the Bação complex; 1350 m.y. from rocks in the northern part of the Bação complex and also in a region 7 km north of nearest known Minas series metasedimentary rocks (Late Precambrian age); and 450-550 m.y. The last has been determined from (1) gneiss of the eastern part of the area, (2) granitized beds of the Minas series, and (3) granite between Minas beds and the 1350 m.y. granite in the western part of the area. Other ages, ranging between 595 and 1080 m.y., may represent the effects of a younger metamorphism on older granitic rocks that are found between the peripheral area of the 1350 m.y. granites and Minas metasedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1111:AMFAPO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herz, N., Hurley, P., Pinson, W., and Fairbairn, H., 1961, Age measurements from a part of the Brazilian shield: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1111-1119, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1111:AMFAPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1119","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herz, Norman","contributorId":49806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herz","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hurley, P.M.","contributorId":258271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurley","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinson, W.H.","contributorId":237001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairbairn, H.W.","contributorId":88609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairbairn","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220645,"text":"70220645 - 1961 - Reconnaissance study of quaternary faults in and south of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:21:30.166576","indexId":"70220645","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T14:17:30","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance study of quaternary faults in and south of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Normal faults offset a bedrock surface scoured by Pleistocene ice in several areas within and south of Yellowstone National Park. Recurrent earthquake shocks and fresh appearance of some scarps suggest that movement is continuing along some faults. Four systems of faults are described. Quaternary movement occurred along more than 60 faults on the Mirror Plateau, 15 miles northeast of Yellowstone Lake. Faults trend northwest, and several are more than 6 miles long. Maximum displacement exceeds 250 feet. The majority have northeast blocks downdropped, but some grabens and horsts are present. Eocene to Pliocene igneous or pyroclastic rocks are displaced. Ice moved southwest and south from the Beartooth and Absaroka ranges, nearly at right angles to the fault trends. Drainage in many ice-scoured valleys was disrupted by faulting, and small lakes (such as Mirror Lake) formed on downthrown blocks. Thermal activity occurs along some of these faults. Directly east of Mirror Plateau, the Lamar normal fault has a displacement of 1300 + feet; perhaps 1000 feet of this may have occurred during Quaternary time. The Yellowstone Falls fault system cuts Pliocene rhyolite southeast of the Upper Falls of the Yellowstone River. Faults trend northwest; maximum displacement exceeds 200 feet. The Solfatara fault system trends north-northwest, cuts Pliocene rhyolite, and has a maximum Quaternary displacement of about 200 feet. The Hering Lake fault system is a northern extension of the Teton fault, trends northward, and cuts Pliocene rhyolite and rhyolitic welded tuff. Maximum displacement is about 200 feet. West-flowing streams established on bedrock scoured by ice were disrupted, and Beula, Hering, and South Boundary lakes formed on the downthrown (east) blocks. The sharp angular unstepped appearance of fault scarps 50 to 200 feet high in these fault systems suggests that each scarp of this type was formed by one continuous movement. The displacement along faults associated with the Hebgen earthquake of August 1959 is commonly less than 20 feet. The abundance of Quaternary faults and the record of 18 earthquakes in historic time suggest that additional faulting and earthquake activity can be expected in the future. Recognition of this probability should influence the location and type of construction of buildings and other facilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1749:RSOQFI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Love, D., 1961, Reconnaissance study of quaternary faults in and south of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 12, p. 1749-1764, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1749:RSOQFI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1749","endPage":"1764","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Reconnaissance_study_of_Quaternary_faults_in_and_south_of_Yellowstone_National_Park_Wyoming/13687621","text":"External Repository"},{"id":385865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -108.797607421875,\n 43.6599240747891\n ],\n [\n -108.797607421875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -111.03881835937499,\n 43.6599240747891\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, D.","contributorId":15809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220644,"text":"70220644 - 1961 - Paleoecology of an early oligocene biota from Douglass Creek Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T19:16:21.510182","indexId":"70220644","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T14:08:45","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecology of an early oligocene biota from Douglass Creek Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Douglass Creek basin lies west of the Continental Divide in the northern part of the Rocky Mountain physiographic province. Numerous minor environmental differences exist between the Douglass Creek area and the Pipestone Springs and Canyon Ferry areas east of the Divide. In the 19th century, however, the three areas had identical mammalian species representation, although not equally dense populations. Fossils of an early Oligocene biota have been collected from the Douglass Creek basin. Presence of all but one of the Douglass Creek mammalian species in the Pipestone Springs-Canyon Ferry early Oligocene fauna suggests that the three ancient ecosystems resembled each other in much the same way as the 19th century systems. The early Oligocene deposits and biota of the Douglass Creek basin indicate a moist, temperate climate with seasonal variations. Sediment size and distribution suggest that the cross-valley relief was no greater than it is now. The fish and invertebrate faunas show that a shallow, hard-water lake existed in the area. The flora included a lowland, lake-border association and an upland coniferous forest. Although the ancient Douglass Creek biota doubtless included many species not represented in the fossil collections, most of the mammalian species are probably represented in the combined Douglass Creek, Pipestone Springs, and Canyon Ferry fossil assemblages. If so, the number of mammalian species was about the same as in the 19th century ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1633:POAEOB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Konizeski, R.L., 1961, Paleoecology of an early oligocene biota from Douglass Creek Basin, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 11, p. 1633-1642, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1633:POAEOB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1633","endPage":"1642","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Douglas Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.06510925292969,\n 46.584350070440536\n ],\n [\n -112.91130065917969,\n 46.584350070440536\n ],\n [\n -112.91130065917969,\n 46.62963563393178\n ],\n [\n -113.06510925292969,\n 46.62963563393178\n ],\n [\n -113.06510925292969,\n 46.584350070440536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konizeski, Richard L.","contributorId":80248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konizeski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207231,"text":"70207231 - 1961 - Tektite from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-12T14:25:56","indexId":"70207231","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T13:56:47","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tektite from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A fragment of an oddly sculptured glass disc found on the cliff of Gay Head, on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is thought to be a tektite. Unless carried to Gay Head by man from one of the known tektite fields, it raises to three the number of tektite localities in the Western Hemisphere. The freshness of surface features and the clarity of glass indicate a recent origin. If, however, it weathered out of the cliff, it may be Late Cretaceous, Miocene, or Pleistocene in age. © 1961, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[339:TFMVM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C.A., Schnetzler, C., and Chase, J., 1961, Tektite from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 2, p. 339-340, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[339:TFMVM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"339","endPage":"340","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vinyard ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.6256103515625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -70.79315185546875,\n 41.38299120166604\n ],\n [\n -70.8782958984375,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -70.762939453125,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -70.6146240234375,\n 41.308760782192856\n ],\n [\n -70.44708251953125,\n 41.335575973123916\n ],\n [\n -70.42236328125,\n 41.3850519497068\n ],\n [\n -70.433349609375,\n 41.448902743309674\n ],\n [\n -70.6256103515625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, C. A.","contributorId":6003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnetzler, C.C.","contributorId":93649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnetzler","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, J.N.","contributorId":221206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chase","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70220640,"text":"70220640 - 1961 - Stratigraphy and structure at the north end of the taconic range in west-central Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T12:33:33.529568","indexId":"70220640","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T13:35:47","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and structure at the north end of the taconic range in west-central Vermont","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[293:SASATN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., 1961, Stratigraphy and structure at the north end of the taconic range in west-central Vermont: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 2, p. 293-338, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[293:SASATN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"338","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.32275390624999,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -72.2021484375,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -72.2021484375,\n 43.50872101129684\n ],\n [\n -72.2021484375,\n 44.213709909702025\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390624999,\n 44.213709909702025\n ],\n [\n -73.32275390624999,\n 42.79540065303723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":38564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220638,"text":"70220638 - 1961 - Geological significance of lead-alpha and isotopic age determinations of \"alkalic\" rocks of New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:26:00.111195","indexId":"70220638","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T13:19:48","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological significance of lead-alpha and isotopic age determinations of \"alkalic\" rocks of New England","docAbstract":"Recent age determinations indicate that at least two groups of \"alkalic\" igneous rocks exist in New England, with ages of about 185 and 270 million years. Because of their lithologic and geologic similarities, all these rocks had previously been grouped with the White Mountains plutonic-volcanic series of New Hampshire. Until reliable petrographic or geologic criteria become available for distinguishing these age groups, caution should be exercised in assigning any undated body of \"alkalic\" rock to one or the other group.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[775:GSOLAI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Toulmin, P., 1961, Geological significance of lead-alpha and isotopic age determinations of \"alkalic\" rocks of New England: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 5, p. 775-779, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[775:GSOLAI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"779","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.3017578125,\n 47.42808726171425\n ],\n [\n -70.13671875,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -71.3232421875,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -79.0576171875,\n 43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n -80.595703125,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -69.9169921875,\n 41.80407814427234\n ],\n [\n -66.8408203125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -68.2470703125,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -69.3017578125,\n 47.42808726171425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toulmin, Priestley III","contributorId":8522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toulmin","given":"Priestley","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12805,"text":"Univ. of California at San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220637,"text":"70220637 - 1961 - Is the Tinaquillo, Venezuela, \"Pseudogabbro\" metamorphic or magmatic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T18:10:07.555568","indexId":"70220637","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T13:05:18","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is the Tinaquillo, Venezuela, \"Pseudogabbro\" metamorphic or magmatic?","docAbstract":"The \"pseudogabbro\" associated with peridotite at Tinaquillo, Venezuela, is believed to be of magmatic rather than metamorphic origin principally because: (1) there are major mineralogic and compositional differences between the \"pseudogabbro\" and the most highly metamorphosed country rock; (2) rocks intermediate in compositional between peridotite and \"pseudogabbro\" are present; (3) augen of lamellar pyroxene which occur in the \"pseudogabbro\" but not in the country rock are of a kind found elsewhere rarely except in igneous rocks; (4) gabbroic rocks are associated with peridotite elsewhere in Venezuela and in the Carribbean region; (5) textural and structural features of the kind found in the Tinaquillo rocks are characteristic of alpine-type peridotite-gabbro complexes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1565:ITTVPM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Brown, C., 1961, Is the Tinaquillo, Venezuela, \"Pseudogabbro\" metamorphic or magmatic?: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 10, p. 1565-1569, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1565:ITTVPM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1565","endPage":"1569","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Venezuela","city":"Tinaquillo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 9.286464684304082\n ],\n [\n -70.213623046875,\n 9.286464684304082\n ],\n [\n -70.213623046875,\n 9.535748998133627\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 9.535748998133627\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 9.286464684304082\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, C.","contributorId":21484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220635,"text":"70220635 - 1961 - Flood frequencies as related to land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:41:19.605472","indexId":"70220635","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T12:37:42","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood frequencies as related to land use","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666109493241","usgsCitation":"Schneider, W.J., 1961, Flood frequencies as related to land use: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 6, no. 4, p. 36-39, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666109493241.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666109493241","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, William J.","contributorId":47349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220634,"text":"70220634 - 1961 - An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:35:10.663879","indexId":"70220634","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T12:31:47","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska","docAbstract":"A total-intensity profile was obtained on a 500-mile flight by a U. S. Geological Survey airplane from Anchorage to Nome, Alaska, on May 4, 1954. The average flight altitude was 6,000 ft above sea level except over the Alaska Range where the flight altitude was 9,000 ft. This profile crossed eight of the major tectonic elements of Alaska at right angles to their trend and gives valuable regional information in an area where other geophysical and geological information is scarce or lacking. The profile has a net gradient downward to the northwest, most of which is ascribed to the component of the earth's main magnetic field along the flight traverse. The great variety of magnetic anomalies which are superimposed on this gradient originate from variations in lithology along the traverse. All the magnetic anomalies, except a large one over the Yukon River, are caused by magnetic rocks at or near the surface. The magnetic profile may be divided into four major segments and nine subsegments, each having a characteristic magnetic pattern. Most of these can be related to a tectonic unit. The large plutons of the Talkeetna geanticline are clearly defined by a group of anomalies having the highest amplitudes of any on the profile. The Matanuska geosyncline to the east is represented by a 25-mile section of sloping profile consistent with a thick sedimentary section but indicating that the geosyncline is comparatively narrow near Anchorage. The 200-mile central magnetic segment is relatively free from all but very minor anomalies. This segment includes the Alaska Range geosyncline, the Tanana geanticline, and the Kuskokwim geosyncline; showing only slight magnetic contrasts between each of these elements. The two geosynclines either have thick Mesozoic sedimentary sections or have underlying crystalline rocks which are low in magnetic susceptibility at shallow depths. The rocks of the geanticline have a low but not negligible magnetic susceptibility and are predominantly Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. A single 300-gamma anomaly on the west edge of the central segment is caused by a small, mafic intrusive body in the Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of Mt. Hurst. West of this anomaly the profile consists of a series of small sharp anomalies which are probably caused by Paleozoic metavolcanic rocks of the Ruby geanticline. The second largest anomaly on the profile is in the Koyukuk geosyncline over the Yukon River. The source is calculated to be more than a mile deep and may be an intrusive body at least 15 miles wide. This anomaly is flanked by 20-mile sections of flat or sloping profile which indicate areas of thick sedimentary rocks, particularly in the region west of the Yukon River. The 150-mile Norton Sound magnetic segment on the western end of the profile consists of many closely spaced anomalies produced by rocks which are either volcanic or similar to the Seward complex. Of the four Cenozoic basins or lowlands crossed by the profile, three are underlain by rocks of moderate to high magnetic susceptibility at shallow depths. These are the Cook Inlet basin, part of which overlaps rocks of the Talkeetna geanticline, the Innoko basin of central Alaska which overlies the rocks of the Ruby geanticline, and the Norton basin, in which sedimentary deposits are thin or absent. The fourth, the Minchumina basin, is underlain by the low-susceptibility rocks at the Tanana geanticline, which are also probably close to the surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438945","usgsCitation":"King, E.R., 1961, An aeromagnetic profile from anchorage to Nome, Alaska: Geophysics, v. 26, no. 6, p. 716-726, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438945.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"726","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 63.97596090918338\n ],\n [\n -163.740234375,\n 65.10914820386473\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 65.10914820386473\n ],\n [\n -166.46484375,\n 63.97596090918338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, E. R.","contributorId":93482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220631,"text":"70220631 - 1961 - Origin and development of the Three Forks Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:04:12.208306","indexId":"70220631","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T11:50:04","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and development of the Three Forks Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"The Three Forks Basin sprawls where the intricately deformed sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Disturbed Belt along the Rocky Mountain front are faulted against the Precambrian metamorphic rocks that make the core of the Tobacco Root, Madison, Gallatin, and Beartooth ranges. Its eastern edge is linear, controlled by steep faults at the west front of the Bridger Range. All other boundaries are sinuous and show little sign of structural control. Tertiary deposits in the basin, rich in contemporaneous rhyolitic and latitic ash, are about equally of lake, bolson, and stream origin. The western part of the basin is dominated by moderately folded Eocene and lower Oligocene rocks, more than 2000 feet thick. They dip eastward beneath apparently unfolded upper Miocene and Pliocene rocks, more than 1300 feet thick, that also dip gently eastward to the basin edge. Thin but extensive Quaternary deposits lying unconformably on the Tertiary and pre-Tertiary rocks are mainly of rounded terrace and flood-plain gravel, angular fan gravel, and wind-blown silt. The basin began as part of an east-flowing stream system that developed in Late Cretaceous and Paleocene time, concurrently with Laramide folding and thrusting; the faulted contact between metamorphic and sedimentary rocks was especially erodible and became a main drainage way. Recurrent uplift to the west throughout the Tertiary provided gradient and load to the streams; additional load was provided by showers of ash from unknown vents. Relative uplifts of the Bridger Range in Eocene and early Oligocene time, and again in late Miocene and Pliocene time, impeded flow from the basin and led to deposits in channels, flood plains, and lakes. During most of Oligocene and Miocene time, however, the basin was being eroded. By the end of the Tertiary the basin was deeply filled and became part of a regional surface of low relief. Regional northwestward tilting stimulated headward erosion of the Missouri River which then captured the formerly east-draining or closed basin. The Tertiary deposits have been deeply eroded, and the rugged pre-basin surface partly exhumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1003:OADOTT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.D., 1961, Origin and development of the Three Forks Basin, Montana: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 7, p. 1303-1313, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1003:OADOTT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Three Forks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.7913818359375,\n 45.80391388619765\n ],\n [\n -111.37115478515625,\n 45.80391388619765\n ],\n [\n -111.37115478515625,\n 46.02938880791639\n ],\n [\n -111.7913818359375,\n 46.02938880791639\n ],\n [\n -111.7913818359375,\n 45.80391388619765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G. D.","contributorId":96669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207362,"text":"70207362 - 1961 - Recent chemical analyses of waters from several closed-basin lakes and their tributaries in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-18T11:09:00","indexId":"70207362","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T11:04:45","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent chemical analyses of waters from several closed-basin lakes and their tributaries in the western United States","docAbstract":"Some of the classic closed-basin lakes of the western United States have been resampled, and the waters have been analyzed by modern wet-chemical methods. Included are waters from Borax and Little Borax lakes and Mono Lake in California; Big Soda, Pyramid, and Walker Lakes in Nevada; Abert Lake, Oregon; and Great Salt Lake, Utah. Tributary streams and springs have also been sampled and are reported upon. © 1961, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1421:RCAOWF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, H., and Feth, J.H., 1961, Recent chemical analyses of waters from several closed-basin lakes and their tributaries in the western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1421-1425, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1421:RCAOWF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1425","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, H.C.","contributorId":50134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220626,"text":"70220626 - 1961 - Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:05:08.216125","indexId":"70220626","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T10:54:49","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea","docAbstract":"A shallow seavalley, averaging 6 feet in relief, extends from the mouth of Ogotoruk Creek, northwest Alaska, for 15 miles across the floor of the Chukchi Sea to a depth of 135 feet. The seavalley is considered to be a drowned subaerial valley of Pleistocene age, which was excavated on an eustatically emerged epicontinental shelf during periods of glacially depressed sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1433:SCASUA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., and Sainsbury, C., 1961, Subaerially carved Arctic seavalley under a modern epicontinental sea: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1433-1436, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1433:SCASUA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1433","endPage":"1436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David 0000-0001-6500-6962","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":204785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sainsbury, C.L.","contributorId":99968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sainsbury","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220625,"text":"70220625 - 1961 - Origin of the Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T15:49:27.43941","indexId":"70220625","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T10:44:20","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Gulf of California","docAbstract":"The probable cumulative Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip displacement along the San Andreas fault in central California is 350 miles. The San Andreas and the allied faults into which it branches southward trend longitudinally into the Gulf of California, and the seismicity of the region indicates that the fault system follows the length of the Gulf and enters the Pacific basin south of Baja California. Crustal structure of most of the Gulf is of oceanic type, so that an origin by structural depression of continental rocks is not possible. Tectonic styles north and south of Los Angeles differ greatly. To the north, the Coast Ranges expose thick Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks that were deposited in local basins and deformed tightly and repeatedly. To the south, in the Peninsular Ranges and Baja California, correlative rocks are thin and show little compressive deformation. The California batholith of mid-Cretaceous age and allied crystalline rocks form the basement of Baja California, southwestern Arizona, and northwestern Sonora and probably extend along the coast of mainland Mexico; the Gulf apparently bisects the crystalline belt longitudinally. These features suggest that Baja California initially lay 300 miles to the southeast, against the continental-margin bulge of Jalisco. The Gulf of California may be a pull-apart feature caused by strike-slip displacement plus up to 100 miles of cross-strike separation of the continental plate, subcontinental materials having welled up into the rift gap. The strike-slip motion has a tensional component across the continental margin south of Los Angeles but a compressional component to the north.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1307:OOTGOC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, W., 1961, Origin of the Gulf of California: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1307-1318, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1307:OOTGOC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 31.522361470421437\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 31.914867503276223\n ],\n [\n -114.89501953124999,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n -112.65380859375,\n 27.644606381943326\n ],\n [\n -111.55517578125,\n 26.37218544169559\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 24.78673454198888\n ],\n [\n -110.19287109375,\n 24.026396666017327\n ],\n [\n -109.79736328125,\n 23.905926927314724\n ],\n [\n -109.27001953125,\n 23.160563309048314\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 20.324023603422518\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 20.653346148076064\n ],\n [\n -105.13916015625,\n 21.453068633086783\n ],\n [\n -105.3369140625,\n 22.167057857886153\n ],\n [\n -107.95166015624999,\n 24.647017162630366\n ],\n [\n -108.25927734375,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -109.48974609375,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -109.423828125,\n 26.70635985763354\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 31.16580958786196\n ],\n [\n -113.92822265625,\n 31.653381399664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Warren","contributorId":14819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220624,"text":"70220624 - 1961 - Patterns and origin of radial dike swarms associated with West Spanish Peak and Dike Mountain, south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T15:40:55.249084","indexId":"70220624","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T10:29:42","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and origin of radial dike swarms associated with West Spanish Peak and Dike Mountain, south-central Colorado","docAbstract":"West Spanish Peak and Dike Mountain in south-central Colorado are stocks which cut Tertiary sedimentary rocks near the axis of the La Veta syncline, the structural trough of the Raton basin. Associated with these stocks are radial dike swarms. The outline of the West Spanish Peak dike swarm is elliptical. The Dike Mountain swarm is more radial, and its outline is oval. Both systems are elongated normal to the axis of the La Veta syncline. The dikes of the West Spanish Peak swarm are of diverse rock types and represent several separate magmatic phases. Those of the Dike Mountain swarm are facies of syenodiorite and probably represent a single phase of magmatic invasion. The dikes occupy vertical joints that have been generally attributed to radial fissuring during doming of the sedimentary rocks by the emplacement of the stocks. Structural studies, however, indicate that several systems of shear and tension joints resulted from intermittent orogenic stresses of varying direction and magnitude during folding of the syncline before invasion of the magmas, and the writer suggests that selective intrusion into this joint complex accounts for the dike patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[579:PAOORD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., 1961, Patterns and origin of radial dike swarms associated with West Spanish Peak and Dike Mountain, south-central Colorado: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 4, p. 579-589, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[579:PAOORD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"589","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"West Spanish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -104.95101928710938,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -104.95101928710938,\n 37.425797766420004\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 37.425797766420004\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 37.33522435930639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ross B.","contributorId":96299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ross B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220620,"text":"70220620 - 1961 - Local evidence of Pleistocene to recent orogeny in the Argentine Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T15:04:09.046919","indexId":"70220620","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T09:57:21","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local evidence of Pleistocene to recent orogeny in the Argentine Andes","docAbstract":"Deformed continental sedimentary rocks are exposed in the province of Salta, northwestern Argentina, in one of many intermontane basins of the Puna, a high desert region of subparallel north-trending block-fault ranges. These rocks, formerly thought to be Tertiary but recently dated by fossil diatoms as Pleistocene or younger, comprise several thousand feet of elastics and evaporites interpreted as having accumulated in a structural basin under geologic and climatic conditions much like those of today. They are overlain unconformably by sedimentary rocks and sediments of three distinct depositional periods. The stratigraphic section is as follows: Fan gravels and playa deposits (Recent) - Disconformity - Flat-lying lacustrine sandstones and siltstones, minor salines - Angular unconformity - Gently folded conglomerates and sandstones - Angular unconformity - Folded and faulted conglomerate, sandstone, shale, evaporites, and tuffs The basin rocks are folded along north-trending axes and are cut by northeast- to southeast-trending normal faults and by a north-trending reverse fault; the next younger conglomerates and sandstones are gently folded; the two youngest units are undisturbed. The three unconformities, the faults and folds in the older beds, and post-lake-bed faulting of an erosion surface on an adjacent block all indicate intermittent late Pleistocene to Recent local deformation. Neither regional tension nor regional compression can explain both the Pleistocene to Recent movements on the regional block faults and the contemporaneous compressional structures within the basin. The mechanism of horst-wedging, suggested by a current explanation of the analogous ranges of the Great Basin, is proposed as a solution to the dilemma; the horst blocks, forced directly upward along Miocene normal faults, acted as wedges and compressed the sediments accumulating in the graben, creating the pattern of faults and folds now observed. If such structures are ever discovered in the North American Great Basin, as seems reasonable, they should offer new insight into the understanding of basin-and-range structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1539:LEOPTR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pratt, W.P., 1961, Local evidence of Pleistocene to recent orogeny in the Argentine Andes: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 10, p. 1539-1550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1539:LEOPTR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1550","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Andes Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.53271484375,\n -32.34284135639302\n ],\n [\n -64.62158203125,\n -32.34284135639302\n ],\n [\n -64.62158203125,\n -25.045792240303435\n ],\n [\n -68.53271484375,\n -25.045792240303435\n ],\n [\n -68.53271484375,\n -32.34284135639302\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Walden P.","contributorId":68296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Walden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197632,"text":"70197632 - 1961 - Geology of the Santa Cruz Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T09:18:59","indexId":"70197632","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology of the Santa Cruz Mountains","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"Flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains of California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University Press","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1961, Geology of the Santa Cruz Mountains, chap. of Flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains of California, p. 5-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thomas, J.H.","contributorId":205625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737995,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, Earl E.","contributorId":48939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220596,"text":"70220596 - 1961 - Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 2, Relationship of uranium migration dates, geology, and chemistry of the uranium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T14:24:33.414608","indexId":"70220596","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-01T15:13:27","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 2, Relationship of uranium migration dates, geology, and chemistry of the uranium deposits","docAbstract":"The time of U migration in deposits in sandstone can be determined by correlating apparent age calculations, based on radiochemical analyses, with the geology of a particular deposit. Data were obtained from U ore samples representing deposits above the water table, deposits just above and below perched water tables, and deposits at least 250 ft. below the water table in the Hulett Creek area, Wyoming. The first U deposition occurred more than 250,000 years ago for the deposits now at or above the water table. Approximately 60,000 to 80,000 years ago these deposits were oxidized, leached, and locally enriched. Accumulation of U in the deposits below the water table probably did not start before 180,000 years ago and has continued to the present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.8.1404","usgsCitation":"Robinson, C.S., and Rosholt, J.N., 1961, Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 2, Relationship of uranium migration dates, geology, and chemistry of the uranium deposits: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 8, p. 1404-1420, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.8.1404.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1404","endPage":"1420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.09472656249999,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -103.5791015625,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -107.09472656249999,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -107.09472656249999,\n 43.83452678223682\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, C. S.","contributorId":23578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosholt, John Nicholas Jr.","contributorId":26370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220595,"text":"70220595 - 1961 - Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 1, Calculation of apparent dates of uranium migration in deposits above and at the water table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T14:27:48.217873","indexId":"70220595","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-01T14:50:10","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 1, Calculation of apparent dates of uranium migration in deposits above and at the water table","docAbstract":"The migration of U may be studied by the distribution of the radioactive daughter products, which serve as natural tracers in the migration of U. The distribution of the daughter products is determined by radiochemical analyses of samples from ore deposits in sandstone, and the apparent minimum and maximum dates of U introduction or redistribution may be calculated from the Pa 231 /Th 230 ratio. The primary assumption required is that the Pa and Th do not migrate in measurable quantities from the place where they were produced by the decay of the parent U isotopes. The upper limit of age determination is about 250,000 years, based on the half-lives of Pa 231 and Th 230 . The difference in the half-lives of these isotopes is reflected in their differential rates of growth and decay corresponding to migrations of the parent U during the time range considered. The growth and decay patterns, analyzed mathematically, are used to determine the apparent date of U migration. Calculations based on analyses of samples from the Hulett Creek area, Wyoming, illustrate the results for typical sandstone ore deposits that are above and at the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.8.1392","usgsCitation":"Rosholt, J.N., 1961, Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 1, Calculation of apparent dates of uranium migration in deposits above and at the water table: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 8, p. 1392-1403, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.8.1392.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1392","endPage":"1403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosholt, John Nicholas Jr.","contributorId":26370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220636,"text":"70220636 - 1961 - Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:51:04.819618","indexId":"70220636","displayToPublicDate":"1961-12-01T12:44:15","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska","docAbstract":"Frozen sediments were found to a depth of 238 feet in the drilling of a 325-foot well at Kotzebue, Alaska. Between 79 and 86 feet, however, highly saline water was found in a gravel lens. The writer suggests that the salt water originated by fractionation by freezing. Analyses of this water and of slightly saline water from below the permafrost are given.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1427:OOASLI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cedarstrom, D., 1961, Origin of a salt-water lens in permafrost at Kotzebue, Alaska: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1427-1431, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1427:OOASLI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1427","endPage":"1431","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kotzebue","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 66.65297740055279\n ],\n [\n -161.630859375,\n 66.65297740055279\n ],\n [\n -161.630859375,\n 67.33986082559095\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 67.33986082559095\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 66.65297740055279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cedarstrom, D.J.","contributorId":102127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cedarstrom","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}