The sex classes and age classes of various species of ducks constitute measurable elements of the populations. The present study deals primarily with sex ratios and age ratios and the ways in which they relate to population productivity. The present study is an evaluation of sex and age ratios in North American duck populations and the ways in which, in waterfowl management, these ratios can be used to measure productivity. Drakes occurred in relatively greater numbers among diving ducks than among dabblers; however, examination of the available knowledge on the reproductive biology characterizing these two subfamilies revealed nothing which suggests that extra drakes may be more important to the maintenance of populations of diving ducks than of dabblers. Juveniles were found to be more vulnerable to hunting than adults; the vulnerability differential varied with place, time of hunting season, vear, and species. Age ratios obtained from bagged ducks and corrected for the greater vulnerability of juveniles offered the best means of determining the adult-juvenile composition of duck populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Illinois Natural History Survey","doi":"10.21900/j.inhs.v27.175","usgsCitation":"Bellrose, F.C., Scott, T., Hawkins, A.S., and Low, J.B., 1961, Sex ratios and age raios in North American ducks: Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, v. 27, no. 6, p. 391-474, https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v27.175.","productDescription":"84 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"474","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v27.175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellrose, Frank C.","contributorId":305579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellrose","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Thomas G.","contributorId":305580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Thomas G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawkins, Arthur S.","contributorId":72042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Low, Jessop B.","contributorId":305581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Low","given":"Jessop","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010634,"text":"70010634 - 1961 - Dating desert ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-25T17:33:14.813335","indexId":"70010634","displayToPublicDate":"1961-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating desert ground water","docAbstract":"Tritium in Arabian rainfall has followed the trend observed in North America with peaks in 1958 and the spring of 1959. These measurements will be useful for future hydrologie studies. Water from wadi gravels averages 10 yr old. Carbon-14 measurements of deep waters indicate ages of several thousand years.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.134.3472.105","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, L., Rubin, M., and Brown, G.F., 1961, Dating desert ground water: Science, v. 134, no. 3472, p. 105-106.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"3472","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fddee4b0c8380cd4e9a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, L.","contributorId":38708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Glen F.","contributorId":23943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171262,"text":"70171262 - 1961 - Use of water-well data in interpreting occurrence of aquifers in northeastern Lyon County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:11:05","indexId":"70171262","displayToPublicDate":"1961-07-12T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of water-well data in interpreting occurrence of aquifers in northeastern Lyon County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"In northeastern Lyon County the areal distribution of aquifers of Cretaceous age determined from well-bottom altitudes suggests a series of interbedded sandstones striking northwestward and overlapping one another to the northeast. Probably the numerous thin sandstone aquifers in the area were deposited near the flanks of a Precambrian granite “high” area by a transgressing Late Cretaceous sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1275:UOWDII]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rodis, H.G., 1961, Use of water-well data in interpreting occurrence of aquifers in northeastern Lyon County, Minnesota: GSA Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1275-1278, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[1275:UOWDII]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1278","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Lyon County","volume":"72","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3ee4b07e28b664dc1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodis, Harry G.","contributorId":25141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodis","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014133,"text":"1014133 - 1961 - Microhematocrit values in rainbow trout, brown trout and brook trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T15:19:13.392924","indexId":"1014133","displayToPublicDate":"1961-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microhematocrit values in rainbow trout, brown trout and brook trout","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[114:MVIRTB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1961, Microhematocrit values in rainbow trout, brown trout and brook trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 23, no. 3, p. 114-119, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[114:MVIRTB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220627,"text":"70220627 - 1961 - Distribution of uranium ore deposits in the elk ridge area, San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:12:54.681317","indexId":"70220627","displayToPublicDate":"1961-06-13T11:08:08","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of uranium ore deposits in the elk ridge area, San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"The Elk Ridge area of southeastern Utah contains uranium ore deposits in two lower members of the Chinle formation of Late Triassic age. Each member is mineralized in different parts of the area, and where both are present only the lower contains ore. Across the Elk Ridge area from southwest to northeast, successively younger beds lap onto the unconformity that separates the Chinle from the underlying Moenkopi formation of Triassic(?), Early and Middle(?) Triassic age. Important uranium deposits have been found only in sandstone beds of the Chinle that are in contact with the Moenkopi. Sandstone of the Chinle formation lies on the Moenkopi (or is separated from it by gray mudstone of the Chinle no thicker than the depths of most of the known paleostream channel scours) in two separate parts of the Elk Ridge area. These \"favorable areas\" contain all the mines and important prospects. The ore deposits are flat-lying tabular to lenticular bodies in fluvial sandstone beds of the Chinle with fine-grained black uranium minerals chiefly interstitial to sand grains and as replacement of carbonaceous material. Most of the ore-bearing sandstone beds are discontinuous lenses intertonguing with and overlain by relatively impermeable mudstone. Contact of the host sandstone with the underlying Moenkopi seems to be a prerequisite for ore as the ore bodies are generally within a few feet of such contact areas and sandstone lenses separated from the Moenkopi by gray mudstone are generally not ore bearing. The consistent association of ore deposits with the Chinle-Moenkopi contact suggests that mineralizing solutions were introduced into the host beds from their areas of contact with the Moenkopi formation. Impermeable barriers overlying ore-bearing parts of the host sandstones were probably an important control on the deposition of ore minerals from solution. Hypofiltration of metallic constituents from ascending ore solutions may have been important. It is also possible that the overlying barriers formed traps for H2S gas or fluid hydrocarbons and thus localized a reducing chemical environment in which ore minerals were later precipitated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.1.111","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R.H., and Lewis, R., 1961, Distribution of uranium ore deposits in the elk ridge area, San Juan County, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 111-131, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.1.111.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 37.002552672159524\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.002552672159524\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 38.41055825094607\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 38.41055825094607\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 37.002552672159524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, R.Q.","contributorId":91910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220600,"text":"70220600 - 1961 - Magmatic differentiation in the Uwekahuna Laccolith, Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:24:19.751948","indexId":"70220600","displayToPublicDate":"1961-06-01T16:17:39","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic differentiation in the Uwekahuna Laccolith, Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Petrographic and chemicoal studies of a suite of rocks from the Uwekahuna laccolith of Kilauea Volcano show that the original mafic tholeiitic magma differentiated into tholeiitic picrite, tholeiitic olivine gabbro, and an aphanitic rock approaching quartz-basalt in composition. Mechanisms involved were an initial gravity settling of olivine and a final filter pressing of the residual liquid. The range of composition represented by the rocks of the laccolith is as great as that found among all hitherto analysed lavas of the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/2.3.424","usgsCitation":"Murata, K.J., and Richter, D., 1961, Magmatic differentiation in the Uwekahuna Laccolith, Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii: Journal of Petrology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 424-437, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/2.3.424.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.093266636089712\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 19.093266636089712\n ],\n [\n -154.742431640625,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -155.511474609375,\n 19.093266636089712\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murata, K. J.","contributorId":18759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murata","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":816123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220599,"text":"70220599 - 1961 - Jadeite deposits of the clear creek area, New Idria district, San Benito county, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:16:19.609279","indexId":"70220599","displayToPublicDate":"1961-06-01T16:10:44","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jadeite deposits of the clear creek area, New Idria district, San Benito county, California","docAbstract":"Tectonic inclusions within the New Idria serpentine body contain jadeite in two distinct assemblages: (1) Lenslike inclusions containing a monomineralic green jadeite core surrounded by a calc-silicate rim. (2) Jadeite veins cross-cutting albite-crossite schist inclusions. In these veins jadeite coexists with low albite; green jadeite (Jd 75 Ac+Di+He 25) coexists with low albite within the host schist.
Albite schists are related to the pre-metamorphic keratophyres and it can be shown that desilication of such rocks produces a bulk composition similar to that of jadeite. Metamor-phism of keratophyric tectonic inclusions within serpentine produced jadeite-albite schists along margins of the inclusions. Jadeite-albite veins formed from mobilized liquids rich in the jadeite molecule and deficient in water. Geological evidence such as would indicate extreme pressures or temperatures during jadeite formation is lacking; rather, a low silica and dry system allowed its formation at reduced temperatures and pressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/2.2.209","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., 1961, Jadeite deposits of the clear creek area, New Idria district, San Benito county, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 209-247, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/2.2.209.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 36.52288052805137\n ],\n [\n -121.51977539062499,\n 36.52288052805137\n ],\n [\n -121.51977539062499,\n 37.03983207971425\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 37.03983207971425\n ],\n [\n -122.18170166015625,\n 36.52288052805137\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37770,"text":"37770 - 1961 - Fur catch in the United States, 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T11:43:41","indexId":"37770","displayToPublicDate":"1961-06-01T11:42:21","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"436","title":"Fur catch in the United States, 1960","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1961, Fur catch in the United States, 1960 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 436, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd135e4b0824b2d1766b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220606,"text":"70220606 - 1961 - Copper, vanadium, and uranium deposits in sandstone-their distribution and geochemical cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T22:59:15.670349","indexId":"70220606","displayToPublicDate":"1961-05-01T17:55:02","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper, vanadium, and uranium deposits in sandstone-their distribution and geochemical cycles","docAbstract":"Deposits of copper, vanadium, and uranium in nonmarine sandstones are numerous and widespread. Copper deposits, with or without uranium, are mainly resident in first-generation arkosic sandstones derived from granitic rock terrains; deposits rich in vanadium, with or without much uranium, are dominantly in second-generation sandstones derived from sedimentary rocks; and the uranium deposits with little or no vanadium or copper are in either first- or second-generation sandstones, many of which are associated with beds containing volcanic debris. All three metals are dispersed in igneous rocks but not in close association. Copper and uranium enter the hydrothermal environment, but the record of vanadium in hydrothermal solutions and veins is scant. Some of the uranium and most of the copper minerals in igneous rocks and veins oxidize readily and the metals go into surface- and ground-water solutions, but the vanadium in igneous rocks is not so easily mobilized-under normal geologic conditions, conceivably it may require diagenetic reactions and a second period of weathering to solubilize much vanadium. All three metals precipitate from solutions in the presence of a reducing agent, such as carbonaceous material or associated sulfide ions, either in sediments as they accumulate or in existing rocks. These geochemical habits permit the concept that copper and uranium are made available by weathering of igneous rock terrains and hence might accumulate in first-generation sediments, whereas vanadium would be commonly available only after a second period of weathering. Perhaps the oxidation or devitrification of volcanic debris may contribute uranium to ground waters as does the weathering, of igneous rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.56.3.509","usgsCitation":"Fischer, R.P., and Stewart, J.H., 1961, Copper, vanadium, and uranium deposits in sandstone-their distribution and geochemical cycles: Economic Geology, v. 56, no. 3, p. 509-520, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.3.509.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"520","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1961-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, R. P.","contributorId":89958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, J. H.","contributorId":36421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37767,"text":"37767 - 1961 - Birds protected by Federal law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T11:34:58","indexId":"37767","displayToPublicDate":"1961-05-01T11:34:21","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"432","title":"Birds protected by Federal law","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled by the Branch of Management and Enforcement.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1961, Birds protected by Federal law (Supersedes WL 327, May 1950): Wildlife Leaflet 432, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Supersedes WL 327, May 1950","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd135e4b0824b2d1766b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010652,"text":"70010652 - 1961 - Giant desiccation fissures on the Black Rock and Smoke Creek Deserts, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-26T15:03:32.272715","indexId":"70010652","displayToPublicDate":"1961-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Giant desiccation fissures on the Black Rock and Smoke Creek Deserts, Nevada","docAbstract":"Open fissures, from 100 to several hundred feet apart, that have produced polygonal patterns on the Black Rock Desert, Nevada, are believed to be giant desiccation cracks resulting from a secular trend toward aridity in the last few decades. Similar features on the Smoke Creek Desert probably have the same origin.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.133.3461.1359","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Willden, R., and Mabey, D.R., 1961, Giant desiccation fissures on the Black Rock and Smoke Creek Deserts, Nevada: Science, v. 133, no. 3461, p. 1359-1360.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1359","endPage":"1360","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Black Rock Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.93580100126064,\n 41.49169110713487\n ],\n [\n -119.93580100126064,\n 40.258709399669215\n ],\n [\n -118.27108663361554,\n 40.258709399669215\n ],\n [\n -118.27108663361554,\n 41.49169110713487\n ],\n [\n -119.93580100126064,\n 41.49169110713487\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"3461","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28efe4b0c8380cd5a549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willden, R.","contributorId":8729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willden","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabey, D. 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","language":"English","publisher":"New York Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb35499.x","usgsCitation":"Goldich, S., Nier, A., Baadsgaard, H., Hoffman, J., and Krueger, H., 1961, Summary of discussion of pre-cambrian geochro-nology of Minnesota and adjacent areas: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 91, no. 2, p. 442-442, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb35499.x.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"442","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.03125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldich, S. S.","contributorId":65536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldich","given":"S. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nier, A.O.","contributorId":104627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nier","given":"A.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baadsgaard, H.","contributorId":11798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baadsgaard","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, J.","contributorId":71475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krueger, H.W.","contributorId":16993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220632,"text":"70220632 - 1961 - Some paleozoic date in Maine, western Europe, and Southern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T17:20:30.202668","indexId":"70220632","displayToPublicDate":"1961-04-01T12:07:32","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":801,"text":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some paleozoic date in Maine, western Europe, and Southern United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"New York Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb35478.x","usgsCitation":"Faul, H., 1961, Some paleozoic date in Maine, western Europe, and Southern United States: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 91, no. 2, p. 369-371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb35478.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"371","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Maine, Southern United States, Western Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -66.4453125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -68.5546875,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -67.5,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -69.2578125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.40625,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 25.16517336866393\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -15.292968749999996,\n 35.74651225991848\n ],\n [\n 16.171875000000007,\n 35.74651225991848\n ],\n [\n 16.171875000000007,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -1.58203125,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -15.292968749999996,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -15.292968749999996,\n 35.74651225991848\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faul, H.","contributorId":101976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faul","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70238530,"text":"70238530 - 1961 - Renal coccidiosis in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T18:00:06.670832","indexId":"70238530","displayToPublicDate":"1961-04-01T11:36:18","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Renal coccidiosis in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska","title":"Renal coccidiosis in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska","docAbstract":"Renal coccidiosis was found in 4 of 12 oldsquaw ducks (Clangula hyemalis) collected from the north slope of Alaska and Prince William Sound. Numerous 1 to 2 mm white foci were observed on the kidney surface of one bird. Microscopically, there was distention of renal tubules with oocysts, flattening of tubular epithelium, and interstitial accumulation of mononuclear cells. Kidneys from several other species of sea ducks from Prince William Sound were not infected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-17.2.237","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., and Derksen, D.V., 1961, Renal coccidiosis in oldsquaws (Clangula hyemalis) from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 17, no. 2, p. 237-240, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-17.2.237.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-17.2.237","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound, Teshekpuk Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.85406583172656,\n 70.58233364320773\n ],\n [\n -153.04712731822582,\n 70.65555334208511\n ],\n [\n -153.4056700788673,\n 70.6829422184802\n ],\n [\n -153.45623380152188,\n 70.71788484129243\n ],\n [\n -153.6446985859617,\n 70.74215688350768\n ],\n [\n -154.04461166513872,\n 70.68902356844578\n ],\n [\n -154.14573911044786,\n 70.64641542000794\n ],\n [\n -154.1319490042694,\n 70.5563378253344\n ],\n [\n -153.93429081571054,\n 70.4919693588391\n ],\n [\n -153.7871963498064,\n 70.44740499384741\n ],\n [\n -153.49300741799797,\n 70.43817257466443\n ],\n [\n -153.27236571914162,\n 70.51191478660377\n ],\n [\n -153.05172402028526,\n 70.50577982035688\n ],\n [\n -152.85406583172656,\n 70.58233364320773\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.32202731776306,\n 61.04696225464866\n ],\n [\n -148.32202731776306,\n 60.30986188880047\n ],\n [\n -145.82683744768872,\n 60.30986188880047\n ],\n [\n -145.82683744768872,\n 61.04696225464866\n ],\n [\n -148.32202731776306,\n 61.04696225464866\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. 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A 10 percent solution of heparin was found to be best for the preparation of treated capillary tubes. For examination of trout blood laboratory‐prepared capillary tubes were found to be superior to commercial tubes which are designed for human blood. Sharp, pointed heparinized capillary tubes were used with good results for collecting blood from the heart without killing the examined fish. Hematocrits determined directly in such tubes were found to have the same value as those prepared in other ways.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1961)90[139:MOTMTW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Larsen, H., and Snieszko, S.F., 1961, Modification of the microhematocrit technique with trout blood: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 90, no. 2, p. 139-142, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)90[139:MOTMTW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62851d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, H.N.","contributorId":101601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003289,"text":"1003289 - 1961 - A fly-rod electrode system for electrofishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T15:05:28.750567","indexId":"1003289","displayToPublicDate":"1961-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fly-rod electrode system for electrofishing","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[92:AFESFE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lennon, R.E., 1961, A fly-rod electrode system for electrofishing: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 23, no. 2, p. 92-93, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[92:AFESFE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"93","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.90446852722484,\n 35.79869240872762\n ],\n [\n -83.90446852722484,\n 35.43267648983921\n ],\n [\n -82.98358291060758,\n 35.43267648983921\n ],\n [\n -82.98358291060758,\n 35.79869240872762\n ],\n [\n -83.90446852722484,\n 35.79869240872762\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014046,"text":"1014046 - 1961 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis of trout II: Experimental infections with brook trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T15:15:46.996234","indexId":"1014046","displayToPublicDate":"1961-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis of trout II: Experimental infections with brook trout","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[61:IPNOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Dunbar, C.E., and Pyle, E.A., 1961, Infectious pancreatic necrosis of trout II: Experimental infections with brook trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 23, no. 2, p. 61-65, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)23[61:IPNOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"65","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunbar, C. E.","contributorId":96623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyle, E. A.","contributorId":51243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"E.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209227,"text":"70209227 - 1961 - Lava temperatures in the 1959 Kilauea eruption and cooling lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T06:40:29","indexId":"70209227","displayToPublicDate":"1961-03-24T14:52:31","publicationYear":"1961","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava temperatures in the 1959 Kilauea eruption and cooling lake","docAbstract":"The 1959 summit eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, filled the crater of Kilauea Iki with a lake of lava 365 feet deep. Temperatures of the erupting basalt ranged between 1060° and 1190°C. Temperatures down a 12.7-foot-deep hole, drilled into the crust of the lake 5 months after cessation of eruptive activity, agree with calculated temperatures based on the heat equation. The cooling effect of rainfall is pronounced only in the upper 3½ feet of the crust.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Prior, C.H., and Hess, J., 1961, Floods in Minnesota--Magnitude and frequency: Bulletin 12, 142 p.","productDescription":"142 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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