The geographic information system (GIS) community in Vermont has a long history of interdisciplinary and cooperative projects that have facilitated the leveraging of geospatial technology on myriad data acquisitions across the State. High-resolution elevation data are proving to be a resource of great economic value in dealing with many important issues in Vermont. Vermont attained statewide coverage of quality level 2 coverage of topographic light detection and ranging (lidar) data in 2019. Having access to elevation data that are exponentially more accurate than what was previously available is enabling GIS professionals to better support and empower decision makers in economically important efforts such as environmental protection, public safety, watershed management and water quality, geology, transportation planning, forest and wildlife management, local planning, and flood plain management. In addition, developing a consistent and seamless statewide topographic framework supplants the traditionally time consuming and costly approach of extensive field data collection by requiring less time and money, therefore adding economic benefits. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on lidar data that provide a highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Vermont. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Vermont is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $1.64 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top eight Vermont business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Somatic growth rate is a fundamental trait that influences metabolism, lifespan and reproductive maturity and is critical for understanding population dynamics and informing management actions. Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) introduced to Guam are highly invasive and can reproduce year-round without discrete cohorts. We compared snake size trajectories described by the conventionally used von Bertalanffy growth function versus the Gompertz model. Using quantile regression with a regularized effect for individual snakes we modeled growth rates of 270 marked, wild snakes as a function of size. The Gompertz model explained more of the variation in growth and rendered more realistic predictions of asymptotic sizes than did the von Bertalanffy model. With the Gompertz model, growth rates were 1.05–1.16× faster in males than in females. Females reached asymptotic sizes at shorter snout-vent lengths than males. Growth rate was positively correlated with amount of precipitation, and modeling wet-dry seasonality on Guam as a sinusoidal function identified a growth peak in September—October. Effects of seasonality and precipitation, however, were minor compared to individual and sex related differences in size-adjusted growth rates. We estimated that the 50th (and 5th, 95th) growth-rate percentile males in our study population become sexually mature at an age of 33 (∞, 15) months, while females mature at 41 (∞, 18) months, where ∞ indicates that the slowest growing snakes never reach maturity. However, 50% of the snakes mature at a size below the median, and age at maturity may be as low as 10.4 (males) and 13.7 (females) months for average-sized hatchlings that grow fast. Our results have implications for the timing of management options for this species and our approach can be broadly applied to animals where repeated growth data are obtained and age is unknown.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71695","usgsCitation":"Lardner, B., Cade, B.S., Savidge, J.A., Rodda, G.H., Reed, R., and Yackel Adams, A.A., 2025, Growth rate variation in Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis): An invasive species of conservation concern: Ecology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 7, e71695, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71695.","productDescription":"e71695, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129633","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.97370767089484,\n 13.602893910874045\n ],\n [\n 144.85437262594462,\n 13.66982861291649\n ],\n [\n 144.74819953448088,\n 13.502237780603025\n ],\n [\n 144.60561170503658,\n 13.462933343165659\n ],\n [\n 144.6200898538703,\n 13.238449316687053\n ],\n [\n 144.76311641509852,\n 13.23674118706542\n ],\n [\n 144.7977762259491,\n 13.410418069709003\n ],\n [\n 144.9383897623706,\n 13.516040821003134\n ],\n [\n 144.97370767089484,\n 13.602893910874045\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lardner, Bjorn","contributorId":225066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lardner","given":"Bjorn","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, Julie A.","contributorId":175196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. 0000-0002-6696-7308 roddag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-7308","contributorId":210066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reed, Robert 0000-0001-8349-6168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-6168","contributorId":267796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70271350,"text":"70271350 - 2025 - Constraining snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-20T17:01:21.899953","indexId":"70271350","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-14T08:30:22","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"Quantifying snow water equivalent (SWE) with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in a \nwarming climate is complicated by the incidence and variability of liquid water in snow. Snow \nsurveys conducted during the melt season serve as a valuable analog to conditions under future \nwarming. Here, we determine the variability of wet snowpack properties (relative permittivity \nand density) to quantify their impact on SWE estimates using GPR. We collected spatially \ncontinuous snowpack measurements with 400 MHz GPR in 2012 and 2021 across repeat \ntransects (~150 km each year) along with spring and summer snow depth and density \nmeasurements from snow pits and snow cores. Snow relative permittivity values ranged between \n2.06 – 2.62 in 2012 and 2.11 – 5.11 in 2021, resulting in calculated volumetric liquid water \ncontent (LWC) between 1.7% – 5.7% in 2012 and 2.1% – 16% in 2021. This variability in snow \nrelative permittivity results in SWE uncertainties between 8% – 33%, with more extreme cases\nreaching 13% – 45%. We attribute this uncertainty to spatial and temporal variability in liquid \nwater content when using GPR to estimate SWE. As snowpacks become wetter with rising\natmospheric temperatures, GPR surveys should include in-situ relative permittivity \nmeasurements to reduce depth and SWE interpretation uncertainties.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/aog.2025.10014","usgsCitation":"Mannello, M., Braddock, S., Campbell, S., Erwin, E., Schild, K., and McNeil, C., 2025, Constraining snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks in southeast Alaska: Annals of Glaciology, v. 66, e21, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2025.10014.","productDescription":"e21, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161022","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2025.10014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495236,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"southeast Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -133.667,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -134.667,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -134.667,\n 58.333\n ],\n [\n -133.667,\n 58.333\n ],\n [\n -133.667,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mannello, Mikaila","contributorId":361040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mannello","given":"Mikaila","affiliations":[{"id":86169,"text":"The University of Maine Climate Change Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braddock, Scott","contributorId":361041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braddock","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":86170,"text":"University of Maine System, Earth and Climate Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Seth","contributorId":255638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Seth","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erwin, Emma","contributorId":361043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"Emma","affiliations":[{"id":86171,"text":"Climate Change Institute, University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schild, Kristin","contributorId":361044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schild","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[{"id":86172,"text":"School of Earth and Climate Science, University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNeil, Christopher 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":220853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70270653,"text":"70270653 - 2025 - High-intensity fire supports restoration of grassland species richness and community composition following woody encroachment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T15:33:08.942935","indexId":"70270653","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-14T08:24:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-intensity fire supports restoration of grassland species richness and community composition following woody encroachment","docAbstract":"Woody encroachment has driven drastic declines in grassland biodiversity and productivity. In the U.S. Great Plains, high-intensity prescribed fire is increasingly being used to shift encroaching redcedar woodlands to a grassland state. High-intensity fire treatments drive redcedar mortality and increase herbaceous biomass. However, it is unclear how grassland community composition recovers following stand-consuming fire. We contrast herbaceous community composition, basal cover, and species richness in woodlands treated with stand-consuming high-intensity fire to reference grassland and woodland sites to examine whether high-intensity fires facilitate restoration of grassland communities. To determine the long-term outcomes of high-intensity fire treatments, we use a space-for-time substitute to measure changes to herbaceous community and species richness over a time-since-fire gradient of 17 years. We found that herbaceous cover and species richness increased substantially in woodlands treated with stand-consuming high-intensity fire compared to unburned woodlands, and that these values were similar to those observed in both burned and unburned grasslands. Herbaceous community composition in woodlands treated with high-intensity fire also shifted towards grasslands, though some legacies of woodland communities persisted. Time-since-fire generally did not have a large influence on total herbaceous cover or species richness through time, though grass cover decreased in woodlands treated with high-intensity fire a decade post-treatment. Our findings suggest that a single high-intensity fire can support the restoration of herbaceous plant species richness and cover, and shift community composition to a grassland regime, though additional low-intensity fire treatments may be necessary to erode legacies from the encroached state.
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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, Caleb Powell 0000-0002-8716-0423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-0423","contributorId":288567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"Powell","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twidwell, Dirac","contributorId":341491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twidwell","given":"Dirac","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274275,"text":"70274275 - 2025 - Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T14:50:06.306843","indexId":"70274275","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9113,"text":"Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA","title":"Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"Nocardia spp. are opportunistic pathogens of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife that can cause high levels of morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a unique case of nocardial airsacculitis in a free-ranging mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA, and compare it to the hosts, geographic distribution, diagnostic methodology, and infection site of known nocardiosis cases in birds. A gross necropsy, histopathology, and bacterial culture were performed. There were no gross findings associated with the nocardiosis. Histopathology showed multiple granulomas expanding the air sac with intralesional filamentous bacteria that were Grocott’s methenamine silver-positive, Fite–Faraco and Ziehl–Neelsen acid-fast, positive with the Periodic acid–Schiff reaction, and variably Gram-positive. The organism was isolated in culture and identified as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica based on the sequencing of a 463 bp portion of the 16S rRNA gene. While reports of nocardiosis in the class Aves are rare and some are possibly misdiagnosed due to limited diagnostics, cases are reported globally, sometimes resulting in epizootics. More information is needed to understand whether immunosuppression plays a role in disease development in birds. Known to be an emerging pathogen in humans, N. cyriacigeorgica can be considered as a differential diagnosis for pulmonary and potentially cutaneous or disseminated infections in birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/pathogens14070698","usgsCitation":"Knowles, S., Berlowski-Zier, B.M., Justice-Allen, A., Bodenstein, B.L., and Lorch, J., 2025, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA: Pathogens, v. 14, no. 7, 698, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070698.","productDescription":"698, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177615","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501597,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070698","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Chandler","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.90438332841596,\n 33.34796903850069\n ],\n [\n -111.90438332841596,\n 33.250000864812534\n ],\n [\n -111.78301758818083,\n 33.250000864812534\n ],\n [\n -111.78301758818083,\n 33.34796903850069\n ],\n [\n -111.90438332841596,\n 33.34796903850069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Susan 0000-0002-0254-6491 sknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-6491","contributorId":5254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Susan","email":"sknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berlowski-Zier, Brenda M. 0000-0002-7922-8352 bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-8352","contributorId":4288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski-Zier","given":"Brenda","email":"bberlowski-zier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":957536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Justice-Allen, Anne","contributorId":367726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justice-Allen","given":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":12922,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":189820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":264594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70271920,"text":"70271920 - 2025 - DNA metabarcoding and video camera collars yield different inferences about the summer diet of an arctic ungulate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T15:46:38.131894","indexId":"70271920","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-12T10:42:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DNA metabarcoding and video camera collars yield different inferences about the summer diet of an arctic ungulate","docAbstract":"The diets of wild ungulates are a foundational component of their ecology, influencing their behavior, body condition, and demography. With changing environmental conditions, there is a significant need to identify important forage items for ungulates, but this has often proved challenging. Declines in several barren-ground caribou herds across the North American Arctic have raised concerns about the influence of climate change on caribou forage conditions. Shifts in plant phenology, biomass, quality, and composition may be influencing caribou diets and subsequently affecting their body condition and demographic rates. Although forage is a primary driver of barren-ground caribou behavior and population dynamics, there is limited recent information about the specific foods they consume, and uncertainty about appropriate methods for identifying those foods. Investigators are increasingly using fecal DNA metabarcoding and video camera collars to assess ungulate diets, but comparative studies of these approaches are lacking. To examine the summer diets of barren-ground caribou, we used both fecal metabarcoding and video camera collars to identify forage used by the Porcupine caribou herd, which spans the Alaska–Yukon border. In 2021, we sampled the diets of adult females by collecting fecal samples and observing collar videos during 4 sampling occasions. We found that caribou consumed very specific forage items, and those items varied markedly across the growing season. Caribou predominantly consumed graminoids and lichens during early summer, and shrubs and forbs later in the season. Metabarcoding and video data provided significantly different estimates of diet for all taxonomic levels we evaluated, and inferences from the two approaches were often disparate. Metabarcoding failed to detect some items frequently consumed in videos, such as lichens, and indicated high use of other items rarely consumed, such as mosses. We found that video data provided greater taxonomic diversity and resolution for vascular plants and lichens, and more closely aligned with past research and biological expectations than data from fecal metabarcoding. Additional research is needed to be able to use these methods to identify the biomass of different forage items consumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70319","usgsCitation":"Johnson, H.E., Coulombe, G., Adams, L., Arnison, C., Barboza, P., Kienzler, M., Leacock, W., and Suitor, M.J., 2025, DNA metabarcoding and video camera collars yield different inferences about the summer diet of an arctic ungulate: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 7, e70319, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70319.","productDescription":"e70319, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162922","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70319","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.7923723105851,\n 70.35287221669569\n ],\n [\n -144.7923723105851,\n 67.05263325896493\n ],\n [\n -135.98153547631983,\n 67.05263325896493\n ],\n [\n -135.98153547631983,\n 70.35287221669569\n ],\n [\n -144.7923723105851,\n 70.35287221669569\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Heather E. 0000-0001-5392-7676 hejohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-7676","contributorId":205919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather","email":"hejohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coulombe, Gabrielle Lys 0000-0002-6272-9302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-9302","contributorId":350671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coulombe","given":"Gabrielle Lys","affiliations":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnison, Colleen","contributorId":350672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnison","given":"Colleen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":949387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barboza, Perry","contributorId":190361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":949388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kienzler, Martin","contributorId":350675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kienzler","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":949389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leacock, William","contributorId":192123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leacock","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":949390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Suitor, Michael J.","contributorId":264206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suitor","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33063,"text":"Yukon Department of Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70269944,"text":"70269944 - 2025 - Observability of eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) during visual encounter surveys in Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T14:46:31.084228","indexId":"70269944","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-11T10:16:04","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observability of eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) during visual encounter surveys in Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"Visual encounter surveys are commonly used to document site occupancy for the eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus; EMR). Efficacy of surveys depends on visual and auditory cues, with basking behavior and burrow use strongly affecting detection. Our goal was to predict body exposure and probability of burrow use from telemetered EMR to better inform implementation of visual encounter surveys. We collected body exposure and burrow use from 23 EMR (14 females [12 gravid], 9 males) from April through September (i.e., active season) at 2 sites in south central Michigan, USA, 2020–2022. Average body exposure for observed snakes was 42% (SE = 3%) and ranged from 0–100%. Percent body exposure during the active season was positively influenced by air temperature, where body exposure increased from ~25% at ~15°C to ~50% at ~35°C. We did not find an effect of cloud cover, hour of day, humidity, or sex on EMR body exposure. Of 176 observations of EMR during the active season, we found EMR using burrows 20 times (~11% of observations). Julian date and air temperature affected the probability of EMR burrow use early in the active season. Probability of EMR burrow use was <0.10 from the end of May through the end of October and was almost 0.00 after mid-July. The probability of using a burrow was generally low (i.e., <0.25) across the range of air temperatures measured in our study, but approached 0.00 as temperatures exceeded 30°C. We did not find an effect of cloud cover, time of day, humidity, or sex on probability of EMR burrow use. Our results indicated that EMR observability in southern Michigan was greatest when air temperatures were 30°C to 35°C, corresponding to when EMR were visible and aboveground.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1605","usgsCitation":"Rajewski, J., Gray, S., Grabarkiewicz, J., Campa III, H., and Roloff, G., 2025, Observability of eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) during visual encounter surveys in Michigan, USA: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 49, no. 3, e1605, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1605.","productDescription":"e1605, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-170976","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1605","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Lenawee County, Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.80438918671523,\n 45.850110551993396\n ],\n [\n -85.80438918671523,\n 41.734608493785004\n ],\n [\n -82.97556503464779,\n 41.734608493785004\n ],\n [\n -82.97556503464779,\n 45.850110551993396\n ],\n [\n -85.80438918671523,\n 45.850110551993396\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rajewski, Jillian","contributorId":359158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajewski","given":"Jillian","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Steven Michael 0000-0003-2731-4416","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-4416","contributorId":359159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Steven Michael","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabarkiewicz, Jeffrey","contributorId":359160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grabarkiewicz","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":85753,"text":"Michigan Department of Transportation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campa III, Henry","contributorId":359164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campa III","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roloff, Gary J.","contributorId":359166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roloff","given":"Gary J.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70269409,"text":"70269409 - 2025 - Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole-lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T14:34:38.773768","indexId":"70269409","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-11T09:26:48","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole-lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild","docAbstract":"Climate change is transforming the ecology of lakes at a rapid pace, shifting some lakes toward warmwater-dominant habitats. As a result, warmwater fishes are increasingly becoming more prevalent in lakes where they already existed, altering the patterning and strength of species interactions. Understanding shifting species interactions (e.g., competition, predation), and the role of lake management in shaping these interactions, will be critical for lake stewardship in response to climate change. Here, we present results from an intensive 5-year experimental removal of ~285,000 warmwater fishes from a north-temperate lake. The goal of the experiment was to test whether warmwater fish reduction is effective for rewiring lake food webs to reverse undesirable conditions for coolwater species, leading to increased recruitment and abundance of coolwater fishes. Throughout the experiment, warmwater fishes were resilient to reductions, with biomass declines of 23% averaged across five species. Among coolwater fishes, the top predator walleye showed no biomass response, while yellow perch biomass increased by ~914%. Fish species biomass changes translated to food web shifts, including a yellow perch trophic position decline of 0.4, decreased zooplankton abundances, and increased zoobenthos abundances. Our results highlight differential species responses to a management action aimed at adapting to climate change. Despite similar thermal tolerances, two coolwater species responded differently to removal of warmwater fishes, highlighting the characteristics (e.g., life history strategies, adaptive capacity) that contribute to species resilience. Given the importance of biotic interactions, climate adaptation may need to go beyond a “one-size-fits-all” approach even when species have similar thermal tolerances.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70297","usgsCitation":"Embke, H., Carpenter, S., Beard, Coppola, G., Isermann, D.A., Pedersen, E.J., Rypel, A.L., Sullivan, C., Tunney, T.D., and Vander Zanden, M.J., 2025, Differential responses of coolwater fishes to a whole-lake reduction of a warmwater thermal guild: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 7, e70297, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70297.","productDescription":"e70297, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162118","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70297","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron County","otherGeospatial":"McDermott Lake, Sandy Beach Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.16492068192417,\n 46.00767917427038\n ],\n [\n -90.16492068192417,\n 45.99860879798945\n ],\n [\n -90.15567603658059,\n 45.99860879798945\n ],\n [\n -90.15567603658059,\n 46.00767917427038\n ],\n [\n -90.16492068192417,\n 46.00767917427038\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.97890053709231,\n 46.11064005851472\n ],\n [\n -89.97890053709231,\n 46.100318508299836\n ],\n [\n -89.96497230041027,\n 46.100318508299836\n ],\n [\n -89.96497230041027,\n 46.11064005851472\n ],\n [\n -89.97890053709231,\n 46.11064005851472\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embke, Holly Susan 0000-0002-9897-7068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-7068","contributorId":358337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embke","given":"Holly Susan","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Stephen R.","contributorId":265446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Stephen R.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, Jr. 0000-0003-2632-2350 dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":169459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coppola, Giancarlo","contributorId":303745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coppola","given":"Giancarlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65894,"text":"Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Isermann, Daniel A. 0000-0003-1151-9097 disermann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-9097","contributorId":5167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"Daniel","email":"disermann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pedersen, Eric J.","contributorId":199496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rypel, Andrew L.","contributorId":199498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rypel","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sullivan, Christopher J.","contributorId":265442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Christopher J.","affiliations":[{"id":33303,"text":"University of Wisconsin Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tunney, Tyler D.","contributorId":177327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tunney","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. Jake","contributorId":265448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jake","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70269427,"text":"70269427 - 2025 - Factors affecting short-term post-release survival probability of Lake Trout implanted with acoustic telemetry transmitters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T14:19:41.956026","indexId":"70269427","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-11T09:14:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting short-term post-release survival probability of Lake Trout implanted with acoustic telemetry transmitters","docAbstract":"The use of acoustic telemetry is steadily expanding to help answer questions related to habitat use, movement, and behavior of fishes. Significant time and resources are invested to start acoustic telemetry studies; therefore, careful planning is needed to limit post-release mortality of tagged individuals. Deep, cold-water species present additional challenges to acoustic tagging because of changes in temperature and pressure experienced during capture. The objective of our study was to determine if capture method, surface water temperature, water depth, or fish size influenced short-term post-release survival of a deep, cold-water species, Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush. In 2023, 299 Lake Trout were captured with angling or gillnets across Lake Ontario (Laurentian Great Lake – U.S. & CAN) and surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters. We estimated 30-day post-release mortality and 24-h post-release distance traveled for tagged Lake Trout. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify factors affecting survival probability and multiple linear regression to identify factors affecting post-release distance traveled. Thirty-day post-release mortality was minimal (9.03 %, 27/299 Lake Trout); however, mortality was 6.37 times more likely for Lake Trout captured in gillnets compare to angling (p = 0.003). Lake Trout length had a marginally significant effect on mortality (p = 0.052) but capture depth and temperature did not (p > 0.05). Lake Trout post-release distance traveled was not significantly influenced by capture gear, depth, temperature, or Lake Trout length (p = 0.61). Our results indicate that tagging-induced post-release mortality is minimal for Lake Trout tagged in the spring, but survival can be increased by avoiding use of gillnets.
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However, their accuracy varies across RSET estimation methods and diverse hydroclimate regions. While ET modeling efforts to account for biophysical processes and controlling parameters have made good progress in recent years, a parallel approach of integrating in-situ ET with RSET could reduce biases in RSET products. Basin water balance ET (WBET) and flux tower ET are widely applied to evaluate RSET accuracy, yet such ET measurements are rarely used for RSET bias corrections, especially for large area applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach: the water balance equivalence (WABE) method, which generates spatially continuous WBET for correcting biases in RSET products. The WABE method computes synthetic WBET by integrating observed WBET and flux tower-derived FLUXCOM ET, which fills the spatial gaps of observed WBET and generates a spatially continuous WBET dataset. Synthetic WBET (2002–2015 annual average) of eight-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC8) basins across the conterminous United States (CONUS), constituting 44 % (887 out of 2035 basins) of CONUS basins, was determined within 2.0 % (RMSE = 12 %) of observed WBET at CONUS and between 1–12 % (RMSE = 3–33 %) across 18 regions in CONUS. With WABE-based bias corrections, the overall annual bias of RSET decreased from 10 % (RMSE = 34 %) to 6 % (RMSE = 26 %) across 37 flux tower sites. The WABE method offers a new approach for RSET accuracy improvement and shows great promise for large area implementations with a potential to yield substantial benefits for building accurate basin water budgets and water management decisions.
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We analysed necropsy data from 2,179 pythons captured between 2006 and 2022, revealing nine cases of coelomic foreign bodies, primarily consisting of bird beaks, which presumably entered the coelom following gastrointestinal perforations during prey consumption. Despite the presence of foreign bodies, most examined pythons exhibited no obvious health issues. These findings indicate that the consumption of prey with sharp morphological features, such as wading birds, may not impede the pythons’ survival or health significantly, thereby underscoring their adaptability as apex predators in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem.
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Montana-Dakotas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70269347,"text":"70269347 - 2025 - ‘The fish that stop’: Drivers of historical decline for Pacific cod and implications for modern management in an era of rapidly changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T14:46:47.135868","indexId":"70269347","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-10T09:42:31","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3048,"text":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"‘The fish that stop’: Drivers of historical decline for Pacific cod and implications for modern management in an era of rapidly changing climate","docAbstract":"n the Gulf of Alaska, a series of marine heat waves depleted Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) biomass to the lowest abundance ever recorded and led to the fishery’s closure in 2020. Although the fishery has been productive for decades, this collapse may have historical precedents. Traditional knowledge holders refer to cod as ‘the fish that stop’, and there is a suggested period of decline in the 1930s. Here we conduct a catch reconstruction of the early commercial fishery (1864–1950), confirming a rapid catch decline in the 1920s and 1930s. Next, we evaluate evidence for possible drivers. We document changes to demand and technology that contributed to declining catch. However, we also find both qualitative and quantitative evidence of depletion, suggesting catch declines were not driven entirely by social factors. Overfishing may have contributed to localized catch declines as evidenced by declining catch rates in heavily fished localities. We also find evidence for climate as a driver of regional decline, with the period of catch decline characterized by up to 2°C higher temperatures as compared to the earlier period of high fisheries production. Our analysis underscores the importance of understanding long-term drivers of fisheries productivity and the value of linking fisheries and climate histories.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2024.0278","usgsCitation":"McClenachan, L., Anderson, B., Addison, J.A., Barbeaux, S.J., Moore, K., Muir, K., Reedy, K., Spies, I.B., and West, C., 2025, ‘The fish that stop’: Drivers of historical decline for Pacific cod and implications for modern management in an era of rapidly changing climate: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 380, no. 1930, 20240278, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0278.","productDescription":"20240278, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-168376","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2024.0278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.36734807808014,\n 60.34356991409652\n ],\n [\n -171.36734807808014,\n 49.72417629774134\n ],\n [\n -133.3953187776795,\n 49.72417629774134\n ],\n [\n -133.3953187776795,\n 60.34356991409652\n ],\n [\n -171.36734807808014,\n 60.34356991409652\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"380","issue":"1930","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClenachan, Loren","contributorId":260606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McClenachan","given":"Loren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51887,"text":"Colby College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Bruce T. 0000-0001-7006-5967","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-5967","contributorId":345835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Bruce T.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbeaux, Steven J.","contributorId":256680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbeaux","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":34572,"text":"NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Karoline","contributorId":345836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Karoline","affiliations":[{"id":82724,"text":"University of Victoria (Canada)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muir, Kai","contributorId":345837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muir","given":"Kai","affiliations":[{"id":82724,"text":"University of Victoria (Canada)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reedy, Katherine L.","contributorId":345838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reedy","given":"Katherine L.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spies, Ingrid B.","contributorId":256688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spies","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":943498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"West, Catherine F. 0000-0001-5177-9235","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-9235","contributorId":345839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Catherine F.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70269643,"text":"70269643 - 2025 - Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-22T15:54:20.408178","indexId":"70269643","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-10T09:36:52","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9929,"text":"Limnology & Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae","docAbstract":"Measurements of chlorophyll concentration reported by fluorometers (fChl) are used in environmental research and monitoring, as inputs to models, and in the interpretation of remote sensing data. Researchers and managers benefit from understanding how to interpret and ensure the accuracy of fChl data collected by in situ fluorometers. Although fChl values produced by different manufacturers are often in agreement with discrete laboratory-derived Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration measurements, there are instances in which results significantly differ. Further, when measuring fChl side by side, different fluorometers may report values that differ significantly from each other, despite passing calibration checks prior to deployment. We compared environmental conditions and phytoplankton species composition associated with instances in which fChl measurements from three different fluorometers (EXO2 Total Algae Smart Sensor, YSI Inc./Xylem Inc., Yellow Springs, Ohio; FluoroProbe III, bbe Moldaenke GmbH, Kiel, Germany; WETStar, Sea-Bird Scientific, Bellevue, Washington) were significantly different from laboratory-derived Chl a concentrations. Results indicated that elevated primary productivity, as indicated by high pH, dissolved oxygen, and the ratio of Chl a to phaeophytin, were correlated with underestimated fChl values recorded by each sensor. After removing outliers, we determined unique correction guidance for each of the three sensors and demonstrated that after applying correction formulae, fChl measurements produced by each sensor became directly comparable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10705","usgsCitation":"Richardson, E.T., Kraus, T.E., Sturgeon, C.L., O’Donnell, K., and Bergamaschi, B.A., 2025, Identifying conditions associated with outliers produced by three different chlorophyll fluorometers: A comparison of instrumentation and development of correction formulae: Limnology & Oceanography: Methods, v. 23, no. 9, p. 673-687, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10705.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"687","ipdsId":"IP-168613","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493321,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493096,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1569041318973,\n 38.781445775867496\n ],\n [\n -122.591638749212,\n 38.781445775867496\n ],\n [\n -122.41414092861007,\n 37.110093240321405\n ],\n [\n -121.1569041318973,\n 37.53901515220369\n ],\n [\n -121.1569041318973,\n 38.781445775867496\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, Emily T. 0000-0003-2696-8266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-8266","contributorId":304430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E. C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":147560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturgeon, Crystal Lee 0000-0002-1799-9127","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-9127","contributorId":302710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturgeon","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Donnell, Katy 0000-0003-2323-8970 kodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-8970","contributorId":5640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Katy","email":"kodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70269299,"text":"70269299 - 2025 - Snow refugia: Managing temperate forest canopies to maintain winter conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T14:40:46.096868","indexId":"70269299","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-10T09:35:10","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snow refugia: Managing temperate forest canopies to maintain winter conditions","docAbstract":"Climate change is reducing snowpack across temperate regions with negative consequences for human and natural systems. Because forest canopies create microclimates that preserve snowpack, managing forests to support snow refugia—defined here as areas that remain relatively buffered from contemporary climate change over time that sustain snow quality, quantity, and/or timing appropriate to the landscape—could reduce climate change impacts on snow cover, sustaining the benefits of snow. We review the current understanding of how forest canopies affect snow, finding that while closed-conifer forests and snow interactions have been extensively studied in western North America, there are knowledge gaps for deciduous and mixed forests with dormant season leaf loss. We propose that there is an optimal, intermediate zone along a gradient of dormant season canopy cover (DSCC; the proportion of the ground area covered by the canopy during the dormant season), where peak snowpack depth and the potential for snow refugia will be greatest because the canopy-mediated effects of snowpack sheltering (which can preserve snowpack) outweigh those of snowfall interception (which can limit snowpack). As an initial test of our hypothesis, we leveraged snowpack measurements in the northeastern United States spanning the DSCC gradient (low, <25% DSCC; medium, 25%–50% DSCC; and high, >50% DSCC), including from 2 sites in Old Town, Maine; 12 sites in Acadia National Park, Maine; and 30 sites in the northern White Mountains of New Hampshire. Medium DSCC forests (typically mature mixed coniferous–deciduous forests) exhibited the deepest peak snowpacks, likely due to reduced snowfall interception compared to high DSCC forests and reduced snowpack loss compared to low DSCC forests. Many snow accumulation or snowpack studies focus on the contrast between coniferous and open sites, but our results indicate a need for enhanced focus on mixed canopy sites that could serve as snow refugia. Measurements of snowpack depth and timing across a wider range of forest canopies would advance understanding of canopy–snow interactions, expand the monitoring of changing winters, and support management of forests and snow-dependent species in the face of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70302","usgsCitation":"Pastore, M., Nelson, S., Burakowski, E., Contosta, A., D’Amato, A., Garlick, S., Lindsey, E.O., Lutz, D., Morelli, T.L., Siren, A., Smith, G., and Weiskittel, A., 2025, Snow refugia: Managing temperate forest canopies to maintain winter conditions: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 7, e70302, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70302.","productDescription":"e70302, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158242","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pastore, M.A.","contributorId":358257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pastore","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S.J.","contributorId":358259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[{"id":65018,"text":"Appalachian Mountain Club","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burakowski, E.A.","contributorId":358261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burakowski","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Contosta, A.R.","contributorId":358263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Contosta","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"D’Amato, A.W.","contributorId":358265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amato","given":"A.W.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garlick, S.","contributorId":358267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garlick","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lindsey, E. 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The method has been validated in reagent water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent. Other water types (for example, drinking water, untreated wastewater, and landfill leachate) have been analyzed by the method but not systematically validated. Recovery of isotope-dilution standards, added to each sample, may be used to assess method performance in nonvalidated matrices on a sample-by-sample basis.
Using this method, PFAS concentrations were determined in the range of 2–2,000 nanograms per liter in water samples. This range can be extended by diluting concentrated samples. At circumneutral pH, most compounds are present in the environment in their ionized form, and data are reported as such (for example, perfluorooctanoic acid is referred to as “perfluorooctanoate” [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonic acid is referred to as “perfluorooctane sulfonate” [PFOS]).
Sample preparation procedures were designed without the use of filtration and with minimum sample handling steps to mitigate procedural losses of target compounds due to sorption to surfaces. Further, isotope-dilution quantification allowed for the correction of bias that may result from procedural losses, matrix-induced signal suppression or enhancement, and other factors.
Validation experiments to characterize bias and variability, method detection level, and holding time were done in four distinct water matrices—reagent water, surface water, treated wastewater effluent, and groundwater—at multiple concentration levels. Mean PFAS recoveries met data quality objectives of bias and variability studies in all four validation matrices except for two compounds with low and variable recovery in the reagent water matrix only. Isotope-dilution standards, treated as surrogate compounds, were analyzed in more than 1,500 customer-submitted environmental samples with aggregate recovery of 102.5±6.5 percent (mean±standard deviation). Maximum holding times for all target compounds in the four validation matrices were 28 days for refrigerated samples and 90 days for frozen samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B13","collaboration":"Strategic Laboratory Science Branch and National Water Quality Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.L., Kanagy, L.K., Kanagy, C.J., and Anderson, C.A., 2025, Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water by direct injection of matrix-modified centrifuge supernatant and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, chap. B13, 121 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B13.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 121 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144091","costCenters":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/images"},{"id":491920,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/tm5B13.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T and M 5-B13"},{"id":491921,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P3YPXG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from validation experiments and custom sample analysis by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) Laboratory Code 9660, December 2020 to March 2022"},{"id":491985,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05/b13/tm5B13.xml"},{"id":492165,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm5B13/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"T and M 5-B13"}],"contact":"Chief, National Water Quality Laboratory
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 407
Denver, CO 80225-0585
Structure contours and other geologic information from numerous published geologic maps were digitized and compiled into a digital dataset showing the configuration of a single stratigraphic datum, the base of the Dakota Sandstone and its equivalents across the Colorado Plateau. The principal maps compiled in digital form are a series of 1:250,000-scale 1 degree (°) × 2° quadrangle maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey, augmented by other geologic maps published at various map scales. The compiled digital dataset contains geologic map polygons of the Dakota Sandstone and regional stratigraphic equivalents, the location of faults and fold axes, structure contour lines that define the altitude of the base of the unit and bedding orientation data computed from the structure contour lines. This report provides the scientific rationale for compilation of these data and describes the compilation methodology for each of the data elements. This report provides an extended description of the data compilation in a companion U.S. Geological Survey digital data release of spatial data and attributes associated with the contoured surface and associated geologic data layers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1213","programNote":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D.S., 2025, Methodology for compilation of previously published contour data showing the altitude of the base of Dakota Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1213, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133 dr1213.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-158512","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494152,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118688.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/dr1213.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1213"},{"id":491983,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/dr1213.xml"},{"id":491982,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1213/images"},{"id":491773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P961QY86","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital Data from Previously Published Contour Data Showing the Altitude of the Base of Dakota Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Recent and ongoing collections of high-resolution elevation data in Louisiana are providing information that supports improved critical public safety modeling and enables the State to strengthen its efforts to fight the effects of land subsidence and sea-level rise. The availability of current and accurate three-dimensional (3D) elevation data supports numerous business activities, including flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, coastal zone management, wildlife and habitat management, recreation, agriculture and precision farming, urban and regional planning, water supply and quality assessment, and natural resources conservation. Critical applications that meet the State’s management needs depend on light detection and ranging (lidar) data that provide a highly detailed 3D model of the Earth’s surface and aboveground features.
The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with Federal, State, Tribal, U.S. territorial, and local agencies to acquire consistent lidar coverage at quality level 2 or better to meet the many needs of the Nation and Louisiana. The status of available and in-progress 3DEP baseline lidar data in Louisiana is shown in figure 1. 3DEP baseline lidar data include quality level 2 or better, 1-meter or better digital elevation models, and lidar point clouds, and must meet the Lidar Base Specification version 1.2 (https://www.usgs.gov/3dep/lidarspec) or newer requirements. The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment identified user requirements and conservatively estimated that availability of lidar data would result in at least $6.96 million in new benefits annually to the State. The top 10 Louisiana business uses for 3D elevation data, which are based on the estimated annual conservative benefits of 3DEP, are shown in table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253034","usgsCitation":"Cretini, C., 2025, The 3D Elevation Program—Supporting Louisiana's economy: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3034, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253034.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-160425","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491723,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3034/images/"},{"id":491722,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3034/fs20253034.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3034 XML"},{"id":491721,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 7.8 billion barrels of oil and 91.9 trillion cubic feet of gas in the West Greenland-East Canada Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253016","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Le, P.A., Cicero, A.D., Drake, R.M., II, Ellis, G.S., Gardner, M.H., Gelman, S.E., Hearon, J.S., Johnson, B.G., Lagesse, J.H., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Marra, K.R., Timm, K.K., and Young, S.S., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources of the West Greenland-East Canada Province, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3016, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253016.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145689","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491674,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1VFG7YQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—West Greenland-East Canada Province—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Tables, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":491672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":491673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/fs20253016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3016"},{"id":491907,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/images"},{"id":491908,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3016/fs20253016.xml"},{"id":491952,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253016/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3016"}],"country":"Canada, Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.26840728364095,\n 78.44068304967033\n ],\n [\n -91.26840728364095,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -47.180790108029896,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -47.180790108029896,\n 78.44068304967033\n ],\n [\n -91.26840728364095,\n 78.44068304967033\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is composed of three genetic clades (A, B, and C). Clade-A is the most common and distributed worldwide, B-clade has a narrow geographic distribution, and C-clade is rare. South Africa's Kruger National Park (KNP) has high diversity of B. anthracis, with strains from A and B clades described from its northernmost region, Pafuri. We employed whole genome sequencing to investigate the genomic diversity of B. anthracis strains isolated from animal carcasses (n = 34) during the 2012–2015 outbreaks. Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis assigned the 2012–2015 B. anthracis genomes to the A-clade branch, distributed across the branch's two minor sub-clades A.Br.005/006. Additionally, pan-genomic analysis distinguished the A- and B-clade genomes, identifying unique accessory genes. Notable genetic differences include the biosynthetic spore cell wall genes; long-chain fatty acid CoA ligases (FaD13), Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis (BclA) involved in the exosporium germination, as well as a truncated murein DD-endopeptidase (mepH) found in the pXO2 plasmid of the B-clade strains. The tryptophan synthase subunit alpha gene (trpA), which results in a pseudogene in B-clade genomes separates the A- and B-clade genomes. These differences in biosynthetic cell wall genes suggest variation in adaptability or cell growth of the B-clade strains in the environment, further influenced by the truncation of the trpA gene involved in spore germination. The A.Br.005/006-clade strains in KNP exhibit higher genetic diversity, which may enhance their resilience to environmental stressors. In contrast, the KNP B-clade (B.Br.001/002) strains show limited genetic variation, potentially reducing their adaptability. This pattern is evident through whole-genome SNP analysis and pan-genomics investigating the evolution of B. anthracis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111074","usgsCitation":"Mokgokong, S., Hassim, A., Mafuna, T., Turner, W.C., van Heerden, H., and Lekota, K., 2025, Comparative genomics of Bacillus anthracis A and B-clades reveals genetic variation in genes responsible for spore germination: Genomics, v. 117, no. 5, 111074, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111074.","productDescription":"111074, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-167928","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111074","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 30.817974497894625,\n -22.320344527329098\n ],\n [\n 30.817974497894625,\n -25.537771375552012\n ],\n [\n 31.975677329521886,\n -25.537771375552012\n ],\n [\n 31.975677329521886,\n -22.320344527329098\n ],\n [\n 30.817974497894625,\n -22.320344527329098\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mokgokong, Sankwetea P.","contributorId":359250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mokgokong","given":"Sankwetea P.","affiliations":[{"id":85765,"text":"University of Pretoria Veterinary campus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassim, Ayesha","contributorId":342327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassim","given":"Ayesha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mafuna, Tendo","contributorId":359251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mafuna","given":"Tendo","affiliations":[{"id":85766,"text":"University of Johannesburg","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Heerden, Henriette","contributorId":343077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Heerden","given":"Henriette","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lekota, Kgaugelo E.","contributorId":343072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lekota","given":"Kgaugelo E.","affiliations":[{"id":81973,"text":"North West University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70271518,"text":"70271518 - 2025 - Ecosystem-engineered infections: Beaver-modified wetlands are associated with conflicting drivers of amphibian pathogen prevalence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-18T14:58:17.255759","indexId":"70271518","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:50:50","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3908,"text":"Royal Society Open Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem-engineered infections: Beaver-modified wetlands are associated with conflicting drivers of amphibian pathogen prevalence","docAbstract":"Beavers are ecosystem engineers and keystone species that protect freshwater resources and increase biodiversity. Beaver reintroductions are promoted for amphibian conservation, yet their impact on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen linked with amphibian population declines worldwide, remains unclear. We investigated the abiotic and biotic drivers of Bd prevalence in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) and western toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in 20 beaver-modified and 23 non-beaver wetlands in Glacier National Park, USA. We found that beavers increased wetland hydroperiod, which was associated with higher Bd prevalence. However, beavers also reduced wetland canopy cover, which was associated with lower Bd prevalence. Our models also predicted higher Bd prevalence associated with higher adult density of both species of amphibians, although species’ densities were similar in beaver-modified and non-beaver wetlands. These results suggest that beavers have a cumulatively negligible net effect on Bd prevalence owing to their effects on both hydroperiod and canopy cover, which is encouraging for amphibian conservation. Our findings also suggest that decreasing canopy cover may be a potential management option to reduce Bd prevalence. In addition, these findings indicate that beaver-mimicking restoration projects may harm amphibian populations if they increase wetland hydroperiods without reducing canopy cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rsos.241169","usgsCitation":"Fischer, L.M., Luis, A.D., Hossack, B., McMahon, T.A., and Lowe, W.H., 2025, Ecosystem-engineered infections: Beaver-modified wetlands are associated with conflicting drivers of amphibian pathogen prevalence: Royal Society Open Science, v. 12, no. 7, 241169, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241169.","productDescription":"241169, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159513","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.86469041743416,\n 48.99734783362541\n ],\n [\n -113.86469041743416,\n 48.319004094254154\n ],\n [\n -113.210203320298,\n 48.319004094254154\n ],\n [\n -113.210203320298,\n 48.99734783362541\n ],\n [\n -113.86469041743416,\n 48.99734783362541\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Leah M","contributorId":361570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fischer","given":"Leah","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luis, Angela D","contributorId":361571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luis","given":"Angela","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hossack, Blake 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":207343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMahon, Taegan A.","contributorId":361572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMahon","given":"Taegan","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":78677,"text":"University of Tampa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H","contributorId":361573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273155,"text":"70273155 - 2025 - Principles of riverscape health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-17T15:48:37.307594","indexId":"70273155","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:43:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9984,"text":"WIREsWATER (Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Primer)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Principles of riverscape health","docAbstract":"Riverscapes are the integration of terrestrial and aquatic systems from headwaters to estuaries that provide habitat and ecosystem benefits when in good health. However, current riverscape degradation is pervasive, impairing the function and resulting benefits of these systems. Healthy riverscapes are adaptive and some can ‘heal’ after disturbance with minimal to no human assistance. As riverscape health is threatened, a need exists to address current degradation and understand the potential for riverscape restoration—concisely communicating what comprises healthy riverscapes is essential to direct limited resources and increase efficacy of restoration and conservation efforts. Healthy riverscapes have (i) space to interact within their valley bottom; (ii) natural flow, sediment, and vegetation regimes appropriate to the biophysical setting and river type; and (iii) structural forcing to support diversity and that creates varied residence times for water, sediment, and vegetation. These three principles are grounded in interdisciplinary science and lessons from riverscape scientists and restoration practitioners across the world. Understanding the context, anthropogenic influences, boundary conditions, and legacy effects influencing riverscapes is essential for the appropriate application of these principles in pursuit of achieving riverscape health. Emphasizing a holistic, biogeomorphic view of riverscapes through these principles can guide policies, restoration actions, and monitoring frameworks that ensure that riverscapes remain capable of accommodating and adjusting to disturbances while continuing to support biodiversity and human benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.70028","usgsCitation":"Glassic, H.C., Al-Chokhachy, R., Wheaton, J., Macfarlane, W., Jordan, C., Murphy, B.M., Shahverdian, S., Bennett, S., Bouwes, N., Fryirs, K., Brierley, G., Ciotti, D., Bailey, P., Bartlet, K., Belletti, B., Bizzi, S., Brasington, J., Camp, R., Fairfax, E., Gilbert, J., Jimenez, J., Maestas, J.D., Mandish, T., McNamara, A., Miller, S.R., Marizot, B., Perle, M., Piegay, H., Reid, H., Reynolds, L.V., Saunders, W., Shallcross, A., Skidmore, P., Smith, R., Terrier, B., Wathen, G., and Weber, N., 2025, Principles of riverscape health: WIREsWATER (Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Primer), v. 12, no. 4, e70028, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.70028.","productDescription":"e70028, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172679","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The breeding season and movement ecology of male white‐tailed deer in southwest Wisconsin","docAbstract":"White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter, deer) have been widely studied regarding their breeding ecology and responses to hunting pressures. However, variations in defining the breeding season—its duration and timing—across studies have created uncertainty about whether regional differences in deer breeding ecology stem from ecological factors or methodological inconsistencies. This study aims to clarify the peak breeding season timing and the movement patterns of males during this period, particularly in relation to hunting seasons. Understanding how age and the timing of hunting seasons impact movement and breeding behaviors is important for wildlife managers, as these factors can affect harvest success. This study took place in southwest Wisconsin, using GPS data collected from 188 collared male deer between 15 October and 1 December from 2017 to 2020. Based on generalized linear mixed models, 2-year-old males exhibited higher hourly movement rates than other ages, and the opening weekend of the firearm hunting season had no significant effect on movement rates. In contrast, the variance in daily movement rate differed significantly between yearlings and older ages, with males 3 years and older displaying the highest variance. This suggests that older males may alternate more frequently between high-movement mate searching and lower-movement mate tending, potentially enhancing reproductive success. Similarly, 2-year-old males had larger daily ranges than both older and younger ages. Changepoint analysis of daily movement rates determined that the peak breeding season occurred between 23 October and 12 November, with little variation among ages and alternative metrics. Our findings indicate that male movement rates and ranges can reflect deer reproductive efforts and vary by age, which has important implications for reproductive success and disease transmission risk.
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