No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.2307/4510803","usgsCitation":"Webb, J., and Wetherbee, D., 1960, Southeastern breeding range of the brown-headed cowbird: Bird-Banding, v. 31, no. 2, p. 83-87, https://doi.org/10.2307/4510803.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502504,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/bird_banding/vol31/iss2/3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":193415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e731a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, J.S.","contributorId":77253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetherbee, D.K.","contributorId":61521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222453,"text":"5222453 - 1960 - The season--January, February, March, 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5222453","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The season--January, February, March, 1960","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1960, The season--January, February, March, 1960: Maryland Birdlife, v. 16, no. 2, p. 48-56.","productDescription":"48-56","startPage":"48","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220390,"text":"5220390 - 1960 - The bald eagle: Can it survive?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:40","indexId":"5220390","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2688,"text":"Maryland Conservationist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The bald eagle: Can it survive?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Conservationist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., and Schmid, F., 1960, The bald eagle: Can it survive?: Maryland Conservationist, v. 37, no. 2, p. 4-7.","productDescription":"4-7","startPage":"4","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6696d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmid, F.G.","contributorId":28685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220262,"text":"5220262 - 1960 - The season - April, May, June, 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:40","indexId":"5220262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The season - April, May, June, 1960","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1960, The season - April, May, June, 1960: Maryland Birdlife, v. 16, no. 3, p. 71-77.","productDescription":"71-77","startPage":"71","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6440cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220261,"text":"5220261 - 1960 - The season - July, August, September, 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:38","indexId":"5220261","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The season - July, August, September, 1960","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1960, The season - July, August, September, 1960: Maryland Birdlife, v. 16, no. 4, p. 92-97.","productDescription":"92-97","startPage":"92","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222452,"text":"5222452 - 1960 - The season--October, November, December 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5222452","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The season--October, November, December 1959","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1960, The season--October, November, December 1959: Maryland Birdlife, v. 16, no. 1, p. 22-27.","productDescription":"22-27","startPage":"22","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63deab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220319,"text":"5220319 - 1960 - A useful device for sampling understory woody vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T17:54:16.342622","indexId":"5220319","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A useful device for sampling understory woody vegetation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3895057","usgsCitation":"Ripley, T., Johnson, F., and Thomas, W., 1960, A useful device for sampling understory woody vegetation: Journal of Range Management, v. 13, no. 5, p. 262-263, https://doi.org/10.2307/3895057.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193955,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ripley, T.H.","contributorId":45792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripley","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, F.M.","contributorId":78423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, W.P.","contributorId":79972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5220389,"text":"5220389 - 1960 - Color of the tarsi and toes of the black rail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:47:17","indexId":"5220389","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Color of the tarsi and toes of the black rail","docAbstract":"Examination of two fresh specimens of the Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) has prompted us to call attention to the color of the tarsi and toes of this species, since our observations do not agree with published accounts. Audubon (Ornithological Biography, vol. IV; 361, 1838) and Friedmann (Birds of North and Middle America, U.S. Nat'l. Mus. Bull., 50: 154, 1941) state that the tarsi and toes are bright yellowish-green. Descriptions in other publications are similar. Prominent bird artists, including Fuertes, have depicted the color of these appendages as yellowish-green, yellow, or green; while Allan Brooks' illustration of this species (The Book of Birds, vol. I, National Geographic Society, p. 291, 1932) shows pink legs.
An adult female specimen was collected by J. A. Hagar, C. S. Robbins, and R. E. Stewart near Elliott Island, Maryland, on 8 June 1958. A second adult Black Rail, presumed to be a female by its dull color and call, was caught alive by the authors in the same area on 17 June 1958, and is still held in captivity. The tarsi and toes of these two birds show no trace of yellow or green. They appear grayish, matching \"Flint\" (plate 56-1C) or \"Gunmetal\" (plate 48-2C) in Maerz and Paul's \"A Dictionary of Color\" (1930), and \"blackish-brown\" in the color charts provided with Palmer and Reilly's \"A Concise Color Standard\" (Am. Ornith. Union Handbook Fund, 1956). A grayed-off blackish-brown would seem to be an appropriate description.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4082390","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., and Stewart, R.E., 1960, Color of the tarsi and toes of the black rail: The Auk, v. 77, no. 1, p. 83-84, https://doi.org/10.2307/4082390.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4082390","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, R. E.","contributorId":93426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220726,"text":"5220726 - 1960 - Aspergillosis in naturally infested cowbirds and grackles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T12:24:37.339501","indexId":"5220726","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspergillosis in naturally infested cowbirds and grackles","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1587472","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., 1960, Aspergillosis in naturally infested cowbirds and grackles: Avian Diseases, v. 4, no. 1, p. 94-96, https://doi.org/10.2307/1587472.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, G. M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220718,"text":"5220718 - 1960 - Skin lesions on black ducks and mallards caused by chigger (Wormsia strandtmani Wharton 1947)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T19:08:38.636555","indexId":"5220718","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Skin lesions on black ducks and mallards caused by chigger (Wormsia strandtmani Wharton 1947)","title":"Skin lesions on black ducks and mallards caused by chigger (Wormsia strandtmani Wharton 1947)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3797371","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Stotts, V.D., 1960, Skin lesions on black ducks and mallards caused by chigger (Wormsia strandtmani Wharton 1947): Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 24, no. 1, p. 106-108, https://doi.org/10.2307/3797371.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay, Kent Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.24374389648438,\n 38.927365763942475\n ],\n [\n -76.23550415039062,\n 38.97862765746913\n ],\n [\n -76.30142211914062,\n 39.05225165582583\n ],\n [\n -76.3494873046875,\n 38.98823513440445\n ],\n [\n -76.3934326171875,\n 38.886757140695906\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 38.82152104968419\n ],\n [\n -76.31927490234375,\n 38.853611850579966\n ],\n [\n -76.24374389648438,\n 38.927365763942475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, G. 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M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222088,"text":"5222088 - 1960 - Racoon predation on waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:52","indexId":"5222088","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Racoon predation on waterfowl","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Llewellyn, L.M., and Webster, C., 1960, Racoon predation on waterfowl: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 25, p. 180-185.","productDescription":"180-185","startPage":"180","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Llewellyn, L. M.","contributorId":104998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llewellyn","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, Clark G.","contributorId":9732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Clark G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220511,"text":"5220511 - 1960 - Research on control of blackbird depredations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:34","indexId":"5220511","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research on control of blackbird depredations","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lindzey, J., 1960, Research on control of blackbird depredations: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 25, p. 116-121.","productDescription":"116-121","startPage":"116","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c63c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindzey, J.S.","contributorId":31074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220421,"text":"5220421 - 1960 - Cooperative redwinged blackbird nestling banding program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:34","indexId":"5220421","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1411,"text":"EBBA [Eastern Bird Banding Association] News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooperative redwinged blackbird nestling banding program","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EBBA [Eastern Bird Banding Association] News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., 1960, Cooperative redwinged blackbird nestling banding program: EBBA [Eastern Bird Banding Association] News, v. 23, no. 1.","productDescription":"18","startPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602592","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221304,"text":"5221304 - 1960 - The pesticide problem. Wildlife - the community of living things","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5221304","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2692,"text":"Massachusetts Audubon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The pesticide problem. Wildlife - the community of living things","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Massachusetts Audubon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"George, J., 1960, The pesticide problem. Wildlife - the community of living things: Massachusetts Audubon, v. 44, no. 5, p. 226-232.","productDescription":"226-232","startPage":"226","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, J.L.","contributorId":64749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220478,"text":"5220478 - 1960 - Isolation of Trichomonas gallinae from the white-winged dove, Zenaida a. asiatica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:40","indexId":"5220478","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3156,"text":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation of Trichomonas gallinae from the white-winged dove, Zenaida a. asiatica","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., and Kiel, W., 1960, Isolation of Trichomonas gallinae from the white-winged dove, Zenaida a. asiatica: Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, v. 27, no. 2.","productDescription":"128","startPage":"128","numberOfPages":"128","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiel, W.H.","contributorId":105395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiel","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220480,"text":"5220480 - 1960 - Case report: Pox in the mourning dove in Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:36:13","indexId":"5220480","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case report: Pox in the mourning dove in Maryland","docAbstract":"Although trichomoniasis has received attention as a cause of death among mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura), ittle work has been done on other diseases of this species. Kossack and Hanson2 reported the occurrence of pox lesions in mourning doves in Illinois. Rosen3 reported that \"pigeon pox\" had caused a severe mortality in a mourning dove flock near Yreka, Siskiyou County, California.
A severe outbreak of pox that occurred in a captive flock of mourning doves at the Patuxent Research Refuge further emphasizes the need for more study of this disease as a cause of dove mortality. Twenty-two mourning doves were live trapped on the Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, in September, 1958. The doves were examined for presence of Trichomonas gallinae and, when found to be free of trichomonads, were made the nucleus of a captive dove colony.
A mourning dove that had a small, pink nodule on the left eyelid was captured on the Agricultural Research Center on September 17, 1958. The nodule was excised and the cut surface was treated with tincture of merthiolate. The dove then was added to the dove colony.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1587506","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., Herman, C.M., and King, E., 1960, Case report: Pox in the mourning dove in Maryland: Avian Diseases, v. 4, no. 2, p. 199-202, https://doi.org/10.2307/1587506.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"202","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef7c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, C. M.","contributorId":101335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, E.S. Jr.","contributorId":65941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221305,"text":"5221305 - 1960 - Pesticidal residues in animal tissues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:42","indexId":"5221305","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:29","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticidal residues in animal tissues","docAbstract":"Tests with penned starlings, rats, pheasants, and ducks indicated that each species differs in sensitivity to the various pesticides. Residues in tissues are proportional to the degree of exposure during area treatment and they are also found in animals shot six or more months after treatment. The presence of more than 20-30 ppm of DDT, 20 ppm of chlordan, and 6-20 ppm of heptachlor epoxide in quail tissues indicated that the birds had ingested lethal dosages of the pesticides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J., Menzie, C.M., Adomaitis, V.A., and Reichel, W.L., 1960, Pesticidal residues in animal tissues: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 25, p. 277-285.","productDescription":"277-285","startPage":"277","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, C. M.","contributorId":67608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adomaitis, V. A.","contributorId":66198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adomaitis","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221760,"text":"5221760 - 1960 - [Book review] Complete Field Guide to American Wildlife: East, Central, and North, by H. H. Collins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"5221760","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3778,"text":"Wildlife Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Complete Field Guide to American Wildlife: East, Central, and North, by H. H. Collins","docAbstract":"Review of: Complete Field Guide to American Wildlife: East, Central, and North. H. H. Collins. Harper and Brothers, Pubs., New York. 683 p.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Webb, J., 1960, [Book review] Complete Field Guide to American Wildlife: East, Central, and North, by H. H. Collins: Wildlife Review, v. 97, p. 5-5.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48dee4b07f02db54abde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, J.S.","contributorId":77253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230103,"text":"5230103 - 1960 - Hunter kill of migratory waterfowl in the Pacific Flyway during the 1958-59 hunting season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:28","indexId":"5230103","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"45 (Supplement)","title":"Hunter kill of migratory waterfowl in the Pacific Flyway during the 1958-59 hunting season","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Atwood, E.L., 1960, Hunter kill of migratory waterfowl in the Pacific Flyway during the 1958-59 hunting season: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 45 (Supplement), 5.","productDescription":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, E. L.","contributorId":43870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atwood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230102,"text":"5230102 - 1960 - Waterfowl harvest in the United States during the 1959-60 hunting season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T13:51:40","indexId":"5230102","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"52","title":"Waterfowl harvest in the United States during the 1959-60 hunting season","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Atwood, E.L., and Wells, C., 1960, Waterfowl harvest in the United States during the 1959-60 hunting season: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 52, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924055486710?urlappend=%3Bseq=469"},{"id":202444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwood, E. L.","contributorId":43870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atwood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, C.F.","contributorId":31879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230025,"text":"5230025 - 1960 - Woodcock status report, 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T13:46:09","indexId":"5230025","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"Woodcock status report, 1960","docAbstract":"Singing ground counts for 1960 from 40 routes west of the Appalachians and 166 routes east of this range were available for comparison with counts made on the same routes in 1959. While the measurements of change in the woodcock breeding index between years relate, properly speaking, only to these routes as selected by the cooperators, this is the best information we have on the breeding population of the area east of Wisconsin and north of Tennessee and South Carolina.* East of the Appalachians the sample data indicated a statistically significant decrease of 10 per cent, and it probably is safe to conclude that the true drop did not exceed 19 per cent. West of the Appalachians an average increase of 7 per cent was indicated, and 95 per cent confidence limits suggest- that if a decrease did occur on the sample routes, it probably was not more than 13 per cent. For both areas combined, a decrease of 2 per cent was recorded on the 206 routes sampled, with confidence limits of an increase of 9 per cent or a decrease of 12 per cent. There is no evidence of a disastrous population decrease in spite of the severe weather conditions of March 1960. *No comparative data were available from Indiana, Quebec, Rhode Island, Delaware or Virginia; and only one route in Minnesota and one in Wisconsin were covered both years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1960, Woodcock status report, 1960: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 50, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":92249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924055486710?urlappend=%3Bseq=467"},{"id":202790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230038,"text":"5230038 - 1960 - Distribution of winter blackbird roosts east of the Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5230038","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"428","title":"Distribution of winter blackbird roosts east of the Appalachians","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., and Webb, J., 1960, Distribution of winter blackbird roosts east of the Appalachians: Wildlife Leaflet 428, 4.","productDescription":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, J.S.","contributorId":77253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230143,"text":"5230143 - 1960 - Status of the bald eagle, summer of 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5230143","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"418","title":"Status of the bald eagle, summer of 1959","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1960, Status of the bald eagle, summer of 1959: Wildlife Leaflet 418, 8.","productDescription":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112339,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015007538914?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"},{"id":200858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b6e4b07f02db53432b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230144,"text":"5230144 - 1960 - Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Pesticide-Wildlife Review: 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5230144","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14,"text":"Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 84 revised","title":"Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Pesticide-Wildlife Review: 1959","docAbstract":" Research findings of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, State agencies and independent research workers in Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Mass., Mich., Mont., N. Dak., Tex., and Wis. are summarized in this report together with recommendations for reducing damage from pest control operations. Major topics discussed are: Scope of Pesticide-Wildlife Problem; Effects on Wildlife-General; Laboratory Studies and Toxicology; Direct and Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Wildlife; Recent Pesticide Legislation; Value of Wildlife; and Recommendations for Safeguarding Wildlife Values during Pest Control. To avoid undue hazards to wildlife, applications must not exceed the toxicity equivalent of the following concentrations of DDT to the respective forms of wildlife: 0.1 pounds of DDT/acre for crustaceans; 0.2 for fish; 1.0 for amphibians; 2.0 for reptiles and birds; and 5.0 for most mammals. Other suggestions are: 1) Chemical treatment should be used only when entomological research has proved it to be necessary; 2) Before pesticides are used, the effects on different kinds of animals and on animals living in different habitats should be known and carefully considered; 3) Only minimum quantities of chemicals necessary to achieve adequate control of pests should be applied; 4) Pesticides should not be applied to areas that are any larger than is necessary and the chemicals that are used should be the ones whose effects are no more long-lasting than necessary; 5) Whenever possible, chemicals should be applied at the seasons of the year when wildlife damage will be least; 6) Conscientious effort should be made to be sure that pesticides are applied at no more than the intended rates and that no areas receive double doses. Alternates to chemical control are suggested. Among these are biological control, modified agricultural practices, destruction of insect wintering quarters, and the manipulation of water levels. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J., and George, J., 1960, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Pesticide-Wildlife Review: 1959: Circular No. 84 revised, iv, 36.","productDescription":"iv, 36","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94553,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015051252768?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f995a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, J.L.","contributorId":64749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}