Analysis Ready Data (ARD) is a recent concept in Earth observing remote sensing which encompasses many different initiatives by individual imagery providers and collaborative international organizations working towards easing/minimizing data preprocessing required by users. This allows users to spend more time on analysis and less time on downloading, formatting, and ingesting. The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), the primary provider of Landsat image data, has been making internal strides to provide ARD: moving towards Level-2 surface reflectance and surface temperature as standard products. External cooperation, working toward a common ARD definition, has also been a focus of the USGS by working directly with other governmental or commercial providers, both national and international, or through organizations such as the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and the Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) workshop. The USGS is determined to provide users with the most accurate and easy to use data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","conferenceDate":"Jul 28-Aug 2, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Yokohama, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8899216","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., Labahn, S., Helder, D., Stensaas, G.L., Engebretson, C., Crawford, C., Jenkerson, C.B., and Barnes, C., 2019, The U. S. Geological Survey’s approach to analysis ready data, in IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Yokohama, Japan, Jul 28-Aug 2, 2019, p. 5541-5544, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8899216.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"5541","endPage":"5544","ipdsId":"IP-105685","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Cody 0000-0001-5612-1889 chanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-1889","contributorId":195521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Cody","email":"chanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labahn, Steven 0000-0002-9258-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2890","contributorId":213605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labahn","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":758133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helder, Dennis 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":213606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stensaas, Gregory L. 0000-0001-6679-2416 stensaas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416","contributorId":2551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensaas","given":"Gregory","email":"stensaas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engebretson, Christopher 0000-0003-1012-8684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-8684","contributorId":224985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engebretson","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crawford, Christopher J. 0000-0002-7145-0709 cjcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-0709","contributorId":213607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cjcrawford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jenkerson, Calli B. 0000-0002-3780-9175 jenkerson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-9175","contributorId":469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkerson","given":"Calli","email":"jenkerson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barnes, Christopher 0000-0002-4608-4364 christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":198908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher.barnes.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70205290,"text":"ofr20191104 - 2019 - Instructions for running the analytical code PAT (Purge Analyzer Tool) for computation of in-well time of travel of groundwater under pumping conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T10:03:07","indexId":"ofr20191104","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-14T11:20:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1104","displayTitle":"Instructions for Running the Analytical Code PAT (Purge Analyzer Tool) for Computation of In-Well Time of Travel of Groundwater under Pumping Conditions","title":"Instructions for running the analytical code PAT (Purge Analyzer Tool) for computation of in-well time of travel of groundwater under pumping conditions","docAbstract":"Understanding the optimal time needed to purge a well while pumping to collect a representative groundwater sample requires an understanding of groundwater flow in wells (in-well flow). Parameters that affect in-well flow include the hydraulic properties of the aquifer, well construction, drawdown from pumping, and pump rate. The time of travel relative to in-well flow is affected by the pump’s intake location. The Purge Analyzer Tool (PAT) incorporates hydraulic calculations to help assess the optimal purge times required to vertically transport groundwater in the well to the pump intake (Harte, 2017). Harte (2017) includes a discussion on the rationale for determining in-well groundwater flow and time of travel and also discusses the limitations inherent in the PAT; an understanding of the limitations is important to ensure proper use.
The PAT calculates flow by use of the Dupuit-Theim equation (Lohman, 1979) that assumes steady-state radial flow and a total inflow from the well opening or screen equal to the pumping rate (eq. 1). A bulk average hydraulic conductivity (Kavg) is derived from this relationship. Once Kavg is calculated, the program calculates incremental (layered) horizontal radial inflow into the well over user defined increments (layers). These defined increments represent the screen or well opening as a fraction of the total inflow. The amount of inflow per layer is proportional to the user-defined layered distribution of hydraulic conductivity (Klayer) because drawdown is assumed to be uniformly distributed in the well. The water budget equation that guides the solution of the PAT (eq. 1) is specified as:
Qp = Qv + QH + Qw (1)
where
QP is pumping rate,
Qv is vertical flow entering the boundary of the mixing zone (Mz) from the summation of layered radial flow (∑Qhl-n) where l-n denotes number of layers,
QH is horizontal radial flow into the mixing zone (Mz), and
Qw is flow from wellbore storage effects.
The in-well flow is computed from the convergence of incremental (layered) radial inflows (Qhl-n) summed to the total vertical flow (QV) entering the adjacent zone to the pump intake (called mixing zone [Mz]) as shown in figure 1. The Qv is transported as one-dimensional piston flow. Within the Mz, it's assumed that flow to the pump is dominated by horizontal radial flow (QH) when the pump is in the open interval of the well. Flow from the wellbore storage (Qw) is computed from the volume of water pumped from the well at the time of the drawdown (s) measurement(s). Aquifer storage effects are unaccounted for but are likely to be problematic when (1) dewatering within the well opening occurs or (2) when the water table is close to the top of the well screen or open interval where additional flow into the upper portion of the well opening may occur. For fully saturated wells tens of feet below the water table, storage effects are likely to be more uniformly distributed across the well screen or open interval (regardless of confined or unconfined conditions). Therefore, radial inflow from storage will be less prominent under pump rates commonly used in groundwater sampling either for volumetric sampling (<3 gallons per minute) or low-flow sampling (<0.5 liters per minute).
A major benefit of the use of the PAT is the understanding of time-varying, vertical integration of captured pump water. The analytical model computes aquifer (formation) capture intervals relative to the open interval of the well. This information is displayed graphically (called aquifer fraction graphs) and can be used to assess the likely formation intervals contributing water to the sample at any time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., Huffman, B.J., Perina, T., Levine, H., and Rojas-Mickelson, D., 2019, Instructions for running the analytical code PAT (Purge Analyzer Tool) for computation of in-well time of travel of groundwater under pumping conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1104, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191104.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Application Site","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-102617","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437282,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93EF0GM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Purge Analyzer Tool - For computation of in-well time of travel of groundwater under pumping conditions"},{"id":368709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1104/ofr20191104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1104"},{"id":368708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://code.usgs.gov/ptharte/pat","text":"USGS Official Source Code Archive","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":368706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1104/coverthb_3.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crane conservation strategy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., 2019, Unintentional and intentional poisoning or harassment of cranes related to agriculture, chap. of Crane conservation strategy, p. 135-141.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-081937","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369164,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingcranes.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/crane_conservation_strategy_web_2019-2.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206608,"text":"70206608 - 2019 - Changes in agricultural land use and practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T16:12:21","indexId":"70206608","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-13T16:11:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Changes in agricultural land use and practices","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crane conservation strategy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., 2019, Changes in agricultural land use and practices, chap. of Crane conservation strategy, p. 104-111.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-081731","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369165,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingcranes.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/cranes_and_agriculture_web_2018.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. 0000-0001-8775-2210 jaustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-2210","contributorId":146411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206463,"text":"ofr20191125 - 2019 - Using the STARS model to evaluate the effects of the proposed action for the reinitiation of consultation on the coordinated long-term operation of the Central Valley and State Water Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T18:49:55","indexId":"ofr20191125","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-13T16:03:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1125","displayTitle":"Using the STARS Model to Evaluate the Effects of the Proposed Action for the Reinitiation of Consultation on the Coordinated Long-Term Operation of the Central Valley and State Water Project","title":"Using the STARS model to evaluate the effects of the proposed action for the reinitiation of consultation on the coordinated long-term operation of the Central Valley and State Water Project","docAbstract":"In 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and California Department of Water Resources requested a reinitiation of consultation under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act on the coordinated long-term operations of the Central Valley and State Water Projects. This resulted in a Biological Assessment released by USBR in 2019. In its analysis of the Biological Assessment for its Biological Opinion on the proposed action, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) requested assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey to describe the effect of the proposed action on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations migrating through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (henceforth called “the Delta”). Therefore, in this report we analyzed an 82-year time series of simulated river flows and Delta Cross Channel (DCC) gate operations under two scenarios constructed for the Biological Assessment: the proposed-action (PA) scenario and the continuing-operations scenario (COS).
To evaluate the proposed action, we used the STARS model (Survival, Travel time, And Routing Simulation model), a stochastic, individual-based simulation model designed to predict survival of a cohort of fish that experiences variable daily river flows as the fish migrate through the Delta. The STARS model uses parameter estimates from a Bayesian mark-recapture model that jointly estimates travel time and survival in eight discrete reaches of the Delta and migration routing at two key river junctions.
By applying the STARS model to the two 82-year scenarios, we found that the proposed action had negative effects on survival, travel time, and routing in October–December but positive effects in April–June. In October–December, there was a high probability that survival in the PA scenario was less than that in the COS, and that travel time and routing to the Interior Delta for the PA scenario was greater than that for the COS. The magnitude of the difference in survival between scenarios was larger in some years than in others. For example, we quantified that survival under the PA scenario was 10 percent lower than under the COS in 25 percent of the water years from October through December. During this period, inflow to the Delta tended to be lower under the PA scenario, and the DCC gate was open more frequently under the PA scenario than during the COS. Lower inflow reduces survival, and more frequent operation of the DCC gate 1) increases the proportion of fish entering the Interior Delta, where survival is low, and thus 2) reduces survival in the Sacramento River in reaches downstream of the DCC. In contrast, during the period April–June, survival was higher, travel times were lower, and routing to the Interior Delta was lower under the PA scenario relative to the COS, although the magnitude of the increase in survival was relatively small in most years (less than a 3-percent difference in survival). This difference between scenarios was driven by higher river flows in some years under the PA scenario relative to the COS. Overall, the differences in survival, travel time, and routing distance between the two operational scenarios were primarily driven by the timing and magnitude of the annual high river flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Pope, A.C., and Sridharan, V.K., 2019, Using the STARS model to evaluate the effects of the proposed action for the reinitiation of consultation on the coordinated long-term operation of the Central Valley and State Water Project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1125, 31 p. plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191125.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 31 p.; Appendixes 1–4","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108833","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369157,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1125/ofr20191125_Appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"1.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1125 Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Routing by Year, Continuing Operations Compared to Proposed Action Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369158,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1125/ofr20191125_Appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"1.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1125 Appendix 4","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Proportion of Fish Entering the Interior Delta by Year Continuing Operations Compared to Proposed Action Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369153,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1125/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":369154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1125/ofr20191125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1125"},{"id":369155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1125/ofr20191125_Appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"1.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1125 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Survival by Year, Continuing Operations Compared to Proposed Action Scenarios, 1922–2003"},{"id":369156,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1125/ofr20191125_Appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"1.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1125 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"– Simulated Daily Travel Time by Year, Continuing Operations Compared to Proposed Action Scenarios, 1922–2003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -122.684326171875,\n 37.56199695314352\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a network of monitoring stations on streams and springs throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During water year 2018 (October 1, 2017, through September 30, 2018), water-quality data were collected at 76 stations: 74 Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations and 2 U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Assessment Network stations. Among the 76 stations in this report, 4 stations have data presented from additional sampling performed in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Summaries of the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, Escherichia coli bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and selected pesticide compounds are presented. Most of the stations have been classified based on the physiographic province or primary land use in the watershed monitored by the station. Some stations have been classified based on the unique hydrologic characteristics of the waterbodies (springs, large rivers) they monitor. A summary of hydrologic conditions including peak streamflows, monthly mean streamflows, and 7-day low flows also are presented for representative streamflow-gaging stations in the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., 2019, Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1119, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1119.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-107435","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1119/ds1119.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1119"},{"id":369063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1119/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Marine Isotope Stage 11 from ~424 to 374 ka experienced peak interglacial warmth and highest global sea level ~410–400 ka. MIS 11 has received extensive study on the causes of its long duration and warmer than Holocene climate, which is anomalous in the last half million years. However, a major geographic gap in MIS 11 proxy records exists in the Arctic Ocean where fragmentary evidence exists for a seasonally sea ice-free summers and high sea-surface temperatures (SST; ~8–10 °C near the Mendeleev Ridge). We investigated MIS 11 in the western and central Arctic Ocean using 12 piston cores and several shorter cores using proxies for surface productivity (microfossil density), bottom water temperature (magnesium/calcium ratios), the proportion of Arctic Ocean Deep Water versus Arctic Intermediate Water (key ostracode species), sea ice (epipelagic sea ice dwelling ostracode abundance), and SST (planktic foraminifers). We produced a new benthic foraminiferal δ18O curve, which signifies changes in global ice volume, Arctic Ocean bottom temperature, and perhaps local oceanographic changes. Results indicate that peak warmth occurred in the Amerasian Basin during the middle of MIS 11 roughly from 410 to 400 ka. SST were as high as 8–10 °C for peak interglacial warmth, and sea ice was absent in summers. Evidence also exists for abrupt suborbital events punctuating the MIS 12-MIS 11-MIS 10 interval. These fluctuations in productivity, bottom water temperature, and deep and intermediate water masses (Arctic Ocean Deep Water and Arctic Intermediate Water) may represent Heinrich-like events possibly involving extensive ice shelves extending off Laurentide and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets bordering the Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019PA003708","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Keller, K., Farmer, J.R., Schaller, M., O’Regan, M., Poirier, R., Coxall, H., Dwyer, G.S., Bauch, H., Kindstedt, I.G., Jakobsson, M., Marzen, R.E., and Santin, E., 2019, Interglacial paleoclimate in the Arctic: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1959-1979, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003708.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1959","endPage":"1979","ipdsId":"IP-108960","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003708","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Katherine 0000-0001-6915-5455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-5455","contributorId":218048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39732,"text":"Natural Systems Analysts, Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Jesse R.","contributorId":35564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaller, Morgan","contributorId":260723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Morgan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Regan, Matt","contributorId":197135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Regan","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25421,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poirier, Robert K.","contributorId":198927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poirier","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coxall, Helen","contributorId":166866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coxall","given":"Helen","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":197070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bauch, Henning","contributorId":260724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauch","given":"Henning","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kindstedt, Ingalise G.","contributorId":260725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kindstedt","given":"Ingalise","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jakobsson, Martin","contributorId":166854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24562,"text":"Stockholm University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marzen, R. E.","contributorId":147453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marzen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":818578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Santin, Emiliano","contributorId":260726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santin","given":"Emiliano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70203138,"text":"gip189 - 2019 - Geologic field photograph map of the Grand Canyon region, 1967–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T20:56:36.759999","indexId":"gip189","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-12T13:02:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"189","displayTitle":"Geologic Field Photograph Map of the Grand Canyon Region, 1967–2010","title":"Geologic field photograph map of the Grand Canyon region, 1967–2010","docAbstract":"The Grand Canyon geologic field photograph collection contains 1,211 geotagged photographs collected during 43 years of geologic mapping from 1967 to 2010. The photographs document some key geologic features, structures, and rock unit relations that were used to compile nine geologic maps of the Grand Canyon region published at 1:100,000 scale, and many more maps published at 1:24,000 scale. Metadata for each photograph include description, date captured, coordinates, and a keyword system that places each photograph in one or more of the following categories: arches and windows, breccia pipes and collapse structures, faults and folds, igneous rocks, landslides and rockfalls, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, sinkholes, and springs and waterfalls. Original photograph slides are available at the Northern Arizona University Cline Library Special Collections and Archives.
The Geologic Field Photograph Map of the Grand Canyon Region, 1967–2010, is an interactive online map application that shows clusters of photograph thumbnails and popup windows that scale as users pan, zoom, and click around the map. The photographs can be filtered by category, searched based on date range, description, and keywords, and (or) downloaded. All information populated within the map is served from a ScienceBase record of the Grand Canyon field photograph collection that can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7WS8SHW.
Director, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics (GMEG) Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 North Gemini Drive
Flagstaff AZ 86001–1637
Conservation of at‐risk species is aided by reliable forecasts of the consequences of environmental change and management actions on population viability. Forecasts from conventional population viability analysis (PVA) are made using a two‐step procedure in which parameters are estimated, or elicited from expert opinion, and then plugged into a stochastic population model without accounting for parameter uncertainty. Recently developed statistical PVAs differ because forecasts are made conditional on models fitted to empirical data. The statistical forecasting approach allows for uncertainty about parameters, but it has rarely been applied in metapopulation contexts where spatially explicit inference is needed about colonization and extinction dynamics and other forms of stochasticity that influence metapopulation viability. We conducted a statistical metapopulation viability analysis (MPVA) using 11 yr of data on the federally threatened Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) to forecast responses to landscape heterogeneity, drought, environmental stochasticity, and management. We evaluated several future environmental scenarios and pond restoration options designed to reduce extinction risk. Forecasts over a 50‐yr time horizon indicated that metapopulation extinction risk was <4% for all scenarios, but uncertainty was high. Without pond restoration, extinction risk is forecasted to be 3.9% (95% CI 0–37%) by year 2066. Restoring six ponds by increasing their hydroperiod reduced extinction risk to <1% and greatly reduced uncertainty (95% CI 0–2%). Our results suggest that managers can mitigate the impacts of drought and environmental stochasticity on metapopulation viability by maintaining ponds that hold water throughout the year and keeping them free of invasive predators. Our study illustrates the utility of the spatially explicit statistical forecasting approach to MPVA in conservation planning efforts.
The Lower to Middle Ordovician Tøyen Shale in southern Sweden, a biostratigraphically well-dated siliciclastic mudstone unit, shows 18 distinct authigenic cements that include sulfides, carbonates, silicates, clays, and phosphates. Marcasite, sphalerite, galena, and six texturally distinct types of pyrite characterize the sulfides whereas only one type of dolomite and three different generations of calcite are observed in this unit. Quartz, phosphate, and organic matter occur as only one generation each. Authigenic clay minerals are represented by chlorite and kaolinite. The paragenetic sequence of cements is subdivided into the two pre-burial carbonates, succeeded by ten relatively early burial cements, and six late burial cements, the kaolinite being the latest of them all and potentially being of Cretaceous age. Based on textural relationships, the paragenetic sequence of alterations started with dolomite precipitation followed by calcite, and then five different generations of pyrite. All eleven other phases post-date these initial seven cements in the Tøyen Shale.
In cooperatively breeding animals, genetic relatedness among group members often determines the extent of reproductive sharing, cooperation and competition within a group. Studies of species for which cooperative behaviour is not entirely based on kinship are key for understanding the benefits favouring the evolution and maintenance of cooperative breeding among nonrelatives. In the cooperatively breeding chestnut-crested yuhina, Yuhina everetti, a songbird endemic to Borneo, we tested whether unrelated helpers are more likely to gain parentage than are related helpers consistent with the hypothesis that inbreeding risk constrains reproduction by related helpers. We also examined whether related or unrelated helpers provision broods more because of differences in their potential indirect or direct fitness benefits of helping. Kin structure of breeding groups (breeding pair and up to eight helpers of both sexes, median = 2 helpers, 96% of 57 pairs had helpers) based on genetic analysis was mixed; 48% of 76 breeder/helper dyads were first-order (26%) or second-order (22%) relatives of one or both members of the breeding pair, and 52% were nonrelatives. Only unrelated male and female helpers gained parentage, and helpers did not differ in their provisioning rate according to their relatedness to the broods. We documented quasi-parasitism or co-breeding by female helpers in 14% of 29 broods and extrapair paternity by male helpers in 21% of 47 broods. This rate of extrapair paternity is relatively high among the few tropical species examined but fit with predictions for mixed-kin groups where inbreeding is avoided. These findings support the emerging pattern for cooperative breeding in birds with mixed-kin groups, wherein unrelated helpers are more likely to gain parentage than are related helpers and helping effort is not necessarily predicted by kinship.
Sesarmid crabs play an important role in organic matter and carbon cycling of mangrove forests. Visual observations and gut content studies have verified that sesarmid crabs are feeding on mangrove leaves, yet stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (13C and 15N) have indicated that leaf litter is not assimilated as a food source. Sesarmid crabs tend to be much more enriched in 13C than leaf litter (0.9‰ – 11.6‰) and have C values that are often more like microphytobenthos (MPB). General 13C trophic enrichment factors (TEF; 0.1‰ – 0.5‰) suggest crabs feed more heavily on MPB. Field and laboratory-based evidence reveal that general 13C TEF for crabs feeding on mangrove leaves may be incorrect and much greater than 0.1‰ – 0.5‰. A food web study conducted annually over 2 yrs revealed a shift in the δ13C and δ15N of Parasesarma sp. crabs similar to mangrove leaves also sampled. This suggested Parasesarma sp. may be feeding more heavily on mangrove leaves than previously reported despite crabs being 4.4‰ – 11.6‰ more enriched in 13C than mangrove leaves. A laboratory feeding study confirmed that average 13C TEF between Parasesarma sp. and decayed Rhizophora sp. leaves was 3.3‰ (SE 0.5). The Stable Isotope Analysis in R package (SIAR) used with our TEF and the general 0.5‰ 13C TEF revealed that published TEFs may underestimate mangrove leaf contributions to sesarmid crab diets on average by 33.3% (SE 0.1) and overestimate MPB and epiphytic algal contributions by 31.3% (SE 0.1). Food web studies in mangroves and other ecosystems will continue to inaccurately identify important food resources or food web structures unless more accurate and species-specific isotope fractionation values are determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","doi":"10.5343/bms.2019.0026","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, R., Cormier, N., and Demopoulos, A., 2019, Estimating the value of mangrove leaf litter in sesarmid crab diets: The importance of fractionation factors: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 96, no. 3, p. 501-520, https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0026.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"520","ipdsId":"IP-108875","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, R.A.","contributorId":221146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cormier, N. 0000-0003-2453-9900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":221147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cormier","given":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":16788,"text":"Macquarie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":221145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207443,"text":"70207443 - 2019 - Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T21:19:55.06454","indexId":"70207443","displayToPublicDate":"2019-11-08T13:09:15","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"The 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake generated ∼36 km of surface rupture along the Thousand Springs and Warm Springs sections of the Lost River fault zone (LRFZ, Idaho, USA). Although the rupture is a well-studied example of multisegment surface faulting, ambiguity remains regarding the degree to which a bedrock ridge and branch fault at the Willow Creek Hills influenced rupture progress. To explore the 1983 rupture in the context of the structural complexity, we reconstruct the spatial distribution of surface displacements for the northern 16 km of the 1983 rupture and prehistoric ruptures in the same reach of the LRFZ using 252 vertical-separation measurements made from high-resolution (5–10-cm-pixel) digital surface models. Our results suggest the 1983 Warm Springs rupture had an average vertical displacement of ∼0.3–0.4 m and released ∼6% of the seismic moment estimated for the Borah Peak earthquake and <12% of the moment accumulated on the Warm Springs section since its last prehistoric earthquake. The 1983 Warm Springs rupture is best described as the moderate-displacement continuation of primary rupture from the Thousand Springs section into and through a zone of structural complexity. Historical and prehistoric displacements show that the Willow Creek Hills have impeded some, but not all ruptures. We speculate that rupture termination or penetration is controlled by the history of LRFZ moment release, displacement, and rupture direction. Our results inform the interpretation of paleoseismic data from near zones of normal-fault structural complexity and demonstrate that these zones may modulate rather than impede rupture displacement.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/GES02096.1","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., Bunds, M.P., Gold, R.D., Briggs, R.W., Reitman, N.G., Personius, S., and Toke, N.A., 2019, Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1869-1892, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02096.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1869","endPage":"1892","ipdsId":"IP-108215","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02096.1","text":"Publisher Index 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