Knowles and Perma damsites, at river miles 3 and 11 respectively, are alternates for developing the lower Flathead River. A high dam with a flow line at altitude 2,705 feet would back water to Kerr Dam at river mile 72 and would produce a hydraulic head of 235 feet at Knowles and 225 at Perma. Low head dams in combination with upstream dams could be used to develop the sites also. Economic studies of both development schemes should be made.
Precambrian metasedimentary rocks including quartzites, impure quartzites, and argillites, of the Prichard formation, Belt series, make up the valley walls. At Knowles the river is flowing along the crest of a gentle anticline. At Perma the river is flowing across the nose of a southeast-plunging asymmetrical fold well outlined by two large diorite sills. At both sites the valley bottom is filled with about 255 feet of interbedded very fine-grained sand, silt, and clay deposited in glacial lakes. Either site is feasible only for an earthfill dam. Additional testing of the unconsolidated valley fill is necessary.
At Knowles damsite a rock knob 800 to 1,600 feet south of the right valley wall extends through the valley fill and rises to slightly above 2,650 feet. Either line A-A', which crosses the knob, or B-B', 400 feet upstream, is suitable for a high dam. B-B' has the smaller valley cross section. A-A' has a narrower section underlain by lake beds and offers a wider choice of sites for appurtenant works. A-A' is the best axis for a low dam and most likely for a high dan too.
At Perma damsite sections C-C' and D-D' are possible axes for a dam with a flow line between 2,600 and 2,705 feet. The abutments are in strong rock that would be good foundation sites for the appurtenant structures. At C-C', a wide terrace south of the river is underlain by 23 to 5o feet of pervious sand and gravel. Contact between the gravel and underlying lake beds is between altitude 2,444-2,480 feet. Two spillway sites are present on D-D': one is across the rock spur forming the right abutment; the other is along an abandoned high level channel of Flathead River that swings 2,200 feet south of the left abutment. For a high dam, geological conditions are slightly better at D-D' than at C-C'. D-D' and E-E' are possible axes for a darn with a flow line between altitudes 514 and 2,600 feet. At either axis the foundation and right abutment would be unconsolidated lake beds. At D-D', the left abutment is the Prichard formation and at E-E' a diorite sill. The sill would be an excellent foundation for appurtenant structures. Geologically, E-E' is the best axis for a low dam.
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Comparison with the coals of the Northern Great Plains province shows a similarity in the total amount of these elements in the coal, however, individual elements differ considerably. The degree of association with the organic or inorganic matter of coal is determined by the separation of thirteen samples into float and sink fractions. Be, B, Ti, V, Ga, and Ge are essentially associated with the organic matter of coal. Zn, Sn and La are invariably found to be associated with the inorganic matter. Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo and Y have intermediate degrees of association.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr6016","usgsCitation":"Boucot, A., 1960, Geologic and aeromagnetic map of northern Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-16, 4 Plates: 29.31 x 24.03 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6016.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 29.31 x 24.03 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0016/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0016/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0016/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364855,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0016/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"northern Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.213623046875,\n 45.57560020947802\n ],\n [\n -67.664794921875,\n 45.57560020947802\n ],\n [\n -67.664794921875,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -70.213623046875,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -70.213623046875,\n 45.57560020947802\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucot, A. 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Reconnaissance for beryl-bearing pegmatite in Nevada and in part of Mohave County, Ariz., and detailed studies in the Dawley Canyon area, Elko County, Nev., have shown that beryl occurs in at least 11 districts in the region. Muscovite has been prospected or mined in the Ruby and Virgin Mountains, Nev., and in Mohave County, Ariz. Feldspar has been mined in the southern part of the region near Kingman, Ariz., and in Clark County, Nev.
The pegmatites in the region range in age from Precambrian to late Mesozoic or Tertiary. Among the pegmatite minerals found or reported in the districts studied are beryl, chrysoberyl, scheelite, wolframite, garnet, tourmaline, fluorite, apatite, sphene, allanite, samarskite, euxenite, gadolinite, monazite, autunite, columbite-tantalite, lepidolite, molybdenite, and pyrite and other sulflde minerals.
The principal beryl-bearing pegmatites examined are in the Oreana and Lakeview (Humboldt Canyon) areas, Pershing County; the Dawley Canyon area in the Ruby Mountains, Elko County, Nev.; and on the Hummingbird claims in the Virgin Mountains, Mohave County, Ariz. Beryl has also been reported in the Marietta district, Mineral County; the Sylvania district, Esmeralda County; near Crescent Peak and near Searchlight, Clark County, Nev.; and in the Painted Desert near Hoover Dam, Mohave County, Ariz.
Pegmatites are abundant in the Ruby Mountains, chiefly north of the granite stock at Harrison Pass. In the Dawley Canyon area of 2.6 square miles at least 350 pegmatite dikes more than 1 foot thick were mapped, and beryl was found in small quantities in at least 100 of these dikes. Four of these dikes exceed 20 feet in thickness, and 1 is 55 feet thick. A few pegmatites were also examined in the Corral Creek, Gilbert Canyon, and Hankins Canyon areas in the Ruby Mountains.
The pegmatite dikes in the Dawley Canyon area intrude granite and metamorphic rocks which consist chiefly of quartzite and schist of probable Early Cambrian age. The granite is of two types: a biotite-muscovite granite that forms the main mass of the stock and albite granite that occurs in the metamorphic rocks near the borders of the stock. The pegmatites were emplaced chiefly along fractures in the granite and along schistosity or bedding planes in the metamorphic rocks.
Many of the Dawley Canyon pegmatite dikes are zoned, having several rock units of contrasting mineralogy or grain size formed successively from the walls inward. Aplitic units occur either as zones or in irregular positions in the pegmatite dikes and are a distinctive feature of the Dawley Canyon pegmatites. Some of the aplitic and fine-grained pegmatite units are characterized by thin layers of garnet crystals, forming many parallel bands on outcrop surfaces. The occurrence of aplitic and pegmatitic textures in the same dike presumably indicates abrupt changes in physical-chemical conditions during crystallization, such as changes in viscosity and in content of volatile constituents.
Concentrations of 0.1 percent or more beryl, locally more than 1 percent, occur in certain zones in the Dawley Canyon pegmatites. Spectrographic analyses of 23 samples indicate that the BeO content ranges from 0.0017 to 0.003 percent in the albite granite, from ,0.0013 to 0.039 percent in aplitic units in pegmatite, from 0.0005 to 0.10 percent in coarse-grained pegmatite, and from less than 0.0001 to 0.0004 percent in massive quartz veins.
The scheelite-beryl deposits at Oreana and in Humboldt Canyon, Pershing County, are rich in beryllium. Twelve samples from the Lakeview (Humboldt Canyon) deposit range from 0.018 to 0.11 percent BeO, but underground crosscuts have failed to intersect similar rock at depth. Beryl locally constitutes as much as 10 percent of the pegmatitic ore at Oreana. The beryl was not recovered during tungsten mining at Oreana and is now in the tailings of the mill at Toulon, Nev. The percentage of beryl is lower than the Oreana ore because of dilution by tailings from other ores milled at Toulon.
Beryl has been found in many pegmatite dikes in the Virgin Mountains. Both beryl and chrysoberyl occur in dikes on the Hummingbird claims, north of Virgin Peak, in Mohave County, Ariz. Spectrographic analyses of 5 representative samples of the principal dike on the Hummingbird claims range from 0.055 to 0.11 percent BeO.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Late Cretaceous gastropods in Tennessee and Mississippi","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp331A","usgsCitation":"Sohl, N.F., 1960, Archeogastropoda, Mesogastropoda, and stratigraphy of the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff formations: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 331, Report: iv, 150 p.; 2 Plates: 20.13 x 14.75 inches and 7.37 x 17.50 inches; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp331A.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 150 p.; 2 Plates: 20.13 x 14.75 inches and 7.37 x 17.50 inches; Table","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431629,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92880.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":264175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0331a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":66281,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0331a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264174,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0331a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264176,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0331a/plate-table_1.pdf","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119934,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0331a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff formations","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.99956003751188,\n 34.48646484774538\n ],\n [\n -88.67679351961542,\n 34.48646484774538\n ],\n [\n -88.67679351961542,\n 34.69362803094239\n ],\n [\n -88.99956003751188,\n 34.69362803094239\n ],\n [\n -88.99956003751188,\n 34.48646484774538\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, N. 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The western part is typical of the salt anticline region of the Plateau, but the eastern part has features which reflect movements in the nearby San Juan Mountains. \r\n\r\nThere are five major structural elements in the report area: the Gypsum Valley anticline, Dry Creek Basin, the Horse Park fault block, Disappointment Valley, and the Dolores anticline. Three periods of major uplift are recognized In the southeastern end of the Gypsum Valley anticline. Each was followed by collapse of the overlying strata. Erosion after the first two periods removed nearly all topographic relief over the anticline; erosion after the last uplift has not yet had a profound effect on the topography except where evaporite beds are exposed at the surface. \r\n\r\nThe first and greatest period of salt flow and anticlinal uplift began in the late Pennsylvanian and continued intermittently and on an ever decreasing scale into the Early Cretaceous. Most movement was in the Permian and Triassic periods. The second period of uplift and collapse was essentially contemporaneous with widespread tectonic activity on. the northwestern side of the San Juan Mountains and may have Occurred in the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. Granogabbro sills and dikes were intruded during the middle or upper Tertiary in Disappointment Valley and adjoining parts of the Gypsum Valley and Dolores anticlines. The third and mildest period of uplift occurred in the Pleistocene and was essentially contemporaneous with the post-Hinsdale uplift of the San Juan Mountains. This uplift began near the end of the earliest, or Cerro, stage of glaciation.\r\n\r\nUranium-vanadium, manganese, and copper ore as well as gravel have been mined in the Klondike district. All deposits are small, and few have yielded more than 100 tons of ore. Most of the latter are carnotite deposits. Carnotite occurs in the lower part of the basal sandstone unit of the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation. Most deposits are in a narrow, elongate \u001Dmineral belt' that cuts obliquely across Klondike Ridge. The remaining deposits probably form a second 'mineral belt' lying about ? mile to the north. Manganese and copper deposits show both stratigraphic and structural controls of mineralization. Most manganese deposits are in red beds near Tertiary faults; most copper deposits, on the other hand, are in brown sandstone, limestone, or gray-green shale and, like manganese, are in or near Tertiary faults. \r\n\r\nThe manganese and copper deposits are hydrothermal in origin and were formed in the roots of an ancient hot springs system, now deeply eroded. The ore-bearing solutions probably consisted of dilute, carbonate-sulfate ground water heated by the near-surface intrusion of small bodies of igneous rock. These solutions obtained their metals by leaching the wallrock; little, if any, material was added by the intrusives. The deposits were formed near the surface under conditions of hydrostatic pressure, and temperatures and pressures in the ore-bearing solutions were probably low. The early solutions were weakly alkaline and reducing in character. A convection cell was established as mineralization progressed, and surface water mingled at depth with the solutions. 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S. Geological Survey to assign a geologist to a reconnaissance study of the pumice and pozzolan deposits of the Lesser Antilles. As a result, I made brief field examinations of all the reported deposits during the period May 25 - June 23, 1959. In company with Mr. Peter Martin-Kaye, Government Geologist, Windward Islands, headquartered at Castries, St. Lucia, I examined potential pumice and pozzolan deposits in Grenada, Dominica, St. Vincent and St. Lucia. With Dr. Percy C. Henriquez of the Technical-Economic Council, Netherlands Antilles, headquartered in Curacao, I saw those of St. Eustatius. I also visited pumice deposits on Martinique, in company with Mr. Edward T. Foster, Vice President of Meekins West Indies Company of Hollywood, Fla. Short visits were made to the islands of Antigua, Barbados, Nevis, St. Kitts, and Trinidad, partly to meet the necessities of inter-island transportation and partly to get some idea of the actual or potential mineral resources of these islands.
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Rainier, Washington, 1959 progress report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-57, 31 p. :folded ill. ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6057.","productDescription":"31 p. :folded ill. ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giles, Gordon Clark","contributorId":55447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3304,"text":"cir422 - 1960 - Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24788,"text":"ofr59137 - 1959 - Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Ferry County, Washington","indexId":"ofr59137","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Ferry County, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3304,"text":"cir422 - 1960 - Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington","indexId":"cir422","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T22:20:28.092334","indexId":"cir422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"422","title":"Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington","docAbstract":"In the Laurier area, Washington, the Kettle River has cut into crystalline rocks in the deepest part of the valley. Sand and gravel fill were deposited in the valley during Pleistocene time by melt water from glaciers, and subsequent erosion and alluviation formed three terrace levels. The highest level, on which Laurier Border Station is situated is about 200 feet above present river level The intermediate terrace is 150 to 180 feet above river level. Wells on the intermediate terrace yield about 4 gpm (gallons per minute) per foot of drawdown. Larger yields probably could be obtained from wells on the lowest terrace (flood plain). \r\n\r\nIn the Ferry area the valley fill of the Kettle River valley is as much as 150 feet thick and contains boulders that are as much as 18 inches in diameter. Small to moderate quantities of water probably would be available from wells on the high-terrace level. Large quantities of water are obtained from irrigation wells on the low terrace. The bedrock at both sites is relatively impermeable and probably would yield very meager supplies of water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir422","usgsCitation":"Walters, K.L., 1960, Availability of ground water at the border stations at Laurier and Ferry, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 422, iii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir422.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425417,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53900.htm","text":"Ferry","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425416,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53876.htm","text":"Laurier","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30302,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0422/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1960/0422/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Ferry, Laurier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.21290290235422,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118.54725623478598,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -118.54630574034938,\n 48.955\n ],\n [\n -118.21290290235422,\n 48.9555\n ],\n [\n -118.21290290235422,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Kenneth Lyle","contributorId":32493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Lyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44206,"text":"ofr607 - 1960 - Total intensity aeromagnetic profiles of the Kobuk River area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-17T20:23:05.179837","indexId":"ofr607","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"60-7","title":"Total intensity aeromagnetic profiles of the Kobuk River area, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr607","issn":"ma","usgsCitation":"Andreasen, G., 1960, Total intensity aeromagnetic profiles of the Kobuk River area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-7, 5 Plates: 54.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr607.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 54.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":99202,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0007/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99204,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0007/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99203,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0007/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99201,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0007/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391817,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7982.htm"},{"id":99200,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1960/0007/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kobuk River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.917,\n 66.33\n ],\n [\n -151.733,\n 66.33\n ],\n [\n -151.733,\n 67.167\n ],\n [\n -162.917,\n 67.167\n ],\n [\n -162.917,\n 66.33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andreasen, Gordon E.","contributorId":94272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}