Artifacts related to the Cody complex occur in medium-grained sand that is spread as a blanket eolian deposit a few feet thick in the Claypool site area, Washington County, Colorado. The artifact-bearing sand lacks noticeable dunal topography and lies unconformably on marl of Yarmouth age and on waterlaid coarse sand and fine gravel of Kansan age that underlie the marl. The deposits underlying the artifact-bearing sand are much too old to date the artifacts precisely, but the physical characteristics of the artifact-bearing sand suggest that it was deposited under conditions cool and dry, rather than warm and dry, possibly during retreat of Valders ice that began about 10,000 years ago. A moderately mature Brown Soil about 5 feet thick developed on the sand, possibly about 7000 to 5000 years ago during a moist phase of the Thermal Maximum. Thus, the artifacts are possibly 10,000 to 7000 years old. Deposits which overlie the artifact-bearing sand reflect several episodes of erosion and sedimentation that are inferred to represent climatic changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for American Archaeology","doi":"10.2307/276202","usgsCitation":"Malde, H., 1960, Geological age of the Claypool site, northeastern Colorado: American Antiquity, v. 26, no. 2, p. 215-222, https://doi.org/10.2307/276202.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"222","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 38.85682013474361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malde, H.E.","contributorId":65863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malde","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220536,"text":"70220536 - 1960 - Variation in surface elevation of the nisqually glacier Mt. Rainier, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:49:49.422099","indexId":"70220536","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-30T12:44:53","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in surface elevation of the nisqually glacier Mt. Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Variation in surface elevations of the Nisqually Glacier has been recorded since 1942 by the annual measurement of three profiles across the glacier, designated as nos. 1, 2, and 3, located 0.5, 1.0, and 1.7 miles respectively from the terminus, at approximate mean elevations of 5,250,6,000, and 6,800 feet. A fourth profile, 2-A, located 1.4 miles from the terminus at an approximate mean elevation of 6,450 was measured from 1948 to 1954. These profiles cross the glacier approximately normal to the direction of flow. Additional data are available from measurements made at profiles no. 1 and no. 2 in 1931, 1932 and 1941. The results of these measurements show that a wave or surge has been moving down the glacier.The mean elevation at profile no. 3 began to increase in 1945 and continued through 1951 when it was 83 feet higher than in 1944. The general trend from 1952 to 1959 has been a decrease in elevation with a net change of 30 feet since 1951. The surface elevation at profile no. 2 continued to decrease through 1948, but began to increase in 1949 and continued to do so through 1957 in which year the mean elevation was 102 feet higher than in 1948. The wave became apparent at profile no. 1 in 1954 or 9 years after it first became evident at profile no. 3. The mean elevation has continued to increase and in 1959 was 70 feet higher than in 1954. The increase in surface elevation has been accompanied by a pronounced increase in rate of movement of the glacier.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666009493180","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1960, Variation in surface elevation of the nisqually glacier Mt. Rainier, Washington: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 5, no. 3, p. 54-60, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493180.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 46.483264729155586\n ],\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 46.483264729155586\n ],\n [\n -120.70678710937499,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -122.27783203125,\n 46.483264729155586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.","contributorId":258183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220535,"text":"70220535 - 1960 - Montana earthquakes noted in pennsylvania mine‐water pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:43:32.530024","indexId":"70220535","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-30T12:40:32","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Montana earthquakes noted in pennsylvania mine‐water pools","docAbstract":"A recent paper by daCosta [1959] reported water‐level fluctuations caused by the Montana earthquake of August 18, 1959, and mentioned the fluctuations registered in three mine‐water pools of the Northern anthracite field in northeastern Pennsylvania, ten miles north of Wilkes‐Barre. This paper will discuss the water‐level phenomena of these pools in more detail. Most of the coal mines near Wilkes‐Barre are idle, and ground water is forming extensive mine‐water pools in the underground mine openings. Some of the pools are interconnected by boreholes, tunnels, and other openings through the barrier pillars between adjacent mines.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR041i003p00435","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, W., and Simpson, T., 1960, Montana earthquakes noted in pennsylvania mine‐water pools: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 41, no. 3, p. 435-436, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR041i003p00435.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 49.095452162534826\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 44.276671273775186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, W.B.","contributorId":10072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, T.A.","contributorId":97553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220529,"text":"70220529 - 1960 - Chemical equilibrium diagrams for ground-water systems/les graphiques de l'équilibre chimique pour les systèmes des eaux souterrainnes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:08:40.335274","indexId":"70220529","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-30T12:06:26","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical equilibrium diagrams for ground-water systems/les graphiques de l'équilibre chimique pour les systèmes des eaux souterrainnes","docAbstract":"Chemical equilibrium in water in contact with calcite is expressed by means of a pH grid overlay on a log-log plot of activities of bicarbonate vs. calcium ions. Solubility of ferrous iron and the solid-phase minerals that would be stable in a solution containing activities of 10 ppm of sulfate and 100 ppm of bicarbonate or related species is expressed by means of a stability-field diagram with pH as abscissa and redox potential as ordinate.The diagrams can be used to tell whether water injected in recharge wells may form precipitates that may plug the aquifer and have other uses in studies of natural water chemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666009493179","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., 1960, Chemical equilibrium diagrams for ground-water systems/les graphiques de l'équilibre chimique pour les systèmes des eaux souterrainnes: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 5, no. 3, p. 45-53, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493179.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220581,"text":"70220581 - 1960 - Mapping mean areal precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T15:19:52.742332","indexId":"70220581","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-30T10:16:05","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping mean areal precipitation","docAbstract":"A method is presented for using point mean precipitation data to estimate areal values in regions of high relief. Variation of precipitation with altitude is determined. Local anomalies from this relationship are mapped, and lines of equal anomaly are drawn. By use of the mean relation corrected for the local anomaly, the mean precipitation at any point can be determined and an isohyetal map drawn. A similar approach can be used to determine mean temperature for studies of snowmelt or of potential evapotranspiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666009493176","usgsCitation":"Dawdy, D., and Langbein, W.B., 1960, Mapping mean areal precipitation: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 5, no. 3, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493176.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385773,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, W. B.","contributorId":102053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220576,"text":"70220576 - 1960 - Areal flood-frequency analysis in a humid region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T14:47:50.036486","indexId":"70220576","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-30T09:45:10","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Areal flood-frequency analysis in a humid region","docAbstract":"This study was made to define the relation between floods in a humid region and the causative factors that account for their variability. The study covered the basic relationships between peak discharges and hydrologic factors as well as the practical working methods for generalizing the results on a regional basis. Statistical multiple-correlation techniques were applied to hydrologic data in New England. A field and library investigation of historical flood data extended the period of flood knowledge to as much as 300 years. The relation of many topographic and climatic factors to flood peaks was tested. Flood peaks with recurrence intervals at 9 levels, from 1.2 to 300 years, were related to 6 independent variables, 3 of which are topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666009493175","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., 1960, Areal flood-frequency analysis in a humid region: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 5, no. 3, p. 5-15, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493175.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010772,"text":"70010772 - 1960 - Botanical prospecting for ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-26T16:19:48.836982","indexId":"70010772","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Botanical prospecting for ore deposits","docAbstract":"How plant chemistry is being used to aid the geologist in his search for metals at home and abroad.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.132.3427.591","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cannon, H., 1960, Botanical prospecting for ore deposits: Science, p. 591-598.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"598","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3427","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f223e4b0c8380cd4b021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, H.L.","contributorId":43416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37760,"text":"37760 - 1960 - Big game inventory for 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T11:23:24","indexId":"37760","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-01T11:22:27","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"425","title":"Big game inventory for 1959","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Branch of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1960, Big game inventory for 1959 (Updates Wildlife Leaflet 346 (1953).): Wildlife Leaflet 425, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Updates Wildlife Leaflet 346 (1953).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd1e5e4b0824b2d17696d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220521,"text":"70220521 - 1960 - Reflectivity measurements with a hallimond visual microphotometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T13:29:12.895159","indexId":"70220521","displayToPublicDate":"1960-09-01T08:25:33","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflectivity measurements with a hallimond visual microphotometer","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.55.6.1306","usgsCitation":"Leonard, B.F., 1960, Reflectivity measurements with a hallimond visual microphotometer: Economic Geology, v. 55, no. 6, p. 1306-1312, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.55.6.1306.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1306","endPage":"1312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1960-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, Benjamin F. III","contributorId":59817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Benjamin","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37517,"text":"37517 - 1960 - Waterfowl status report, 1960","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T13:49:59","indexId":"37517","displayToPublicDate":"1960-08-01T13:49:03","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"51","title":"Waterfowl status report, 1960","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Crissey, W., 1960, Waterfowl status report, 1960: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 51, 192 p.","productDescription":"192 p.","numberOfPages":"192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c64deae4b0001bd51477d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crissey, W.F.","contributorId":21656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crissey","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37759,"text":"37759 - 1960 - Fur catch in the United States, 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T11:20:09","indexId":"37759","displayToPublicDate":"1960-08-01T11:19:02","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"424","title":"Fur catch in the United States, 1959","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Branch of Wildlife Research, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Branch of Wildlife Research, 1960, Fur catch in the United States, 1959 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 424, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd1e5e4b0824b2d17696f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Branch of Wildlife Research","contributorId":127903,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Branch of Wildlife Research","id":529704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220522,"text":"70220522 - 1960 - Extract ability of humic acid from coalified logs as a guide to temperatures in colorado plateau sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T14:09:06.935516","indexId":"70220522","displayToPublicDate":"1960-08-01T09:04:39","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extract ability of humic acid from coalified logs as a guide to temperatures in colorado plateau sediments","docAbstract":"Coalified logs in Triassic and Jurassic sediments of the Colorado Plateau have been exposed to alkaline ground water. Extraction of humic acids under such conditions is temperature dependent. Study of residual humic acids in a suite of coalified logs has indicated that temperatures up to but not over 120° C prevailed in the sediments. This maximum temperature corresponds with that to be expected from geothermal gradient and estimated from mineralogic evidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.55.5.1039","usgsCitation":"Breger, I., and Chandler, J., 1960, Extract ability of humic acid from coalified logs as a guide to temperatures in colorado plateau sediments: Economic Geology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1039-1047, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.55.5.1039.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1047","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1960-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":41901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, J.C.","contributorId":225572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010846,"text":"70010846 - 1960 - First natural occurrence of coesite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-26T15:54:35.890019","indexId":"70010846","displayToPublicDate":"1960-07-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First natural occurrence of coesite","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3797530","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., Herman, C.M., and King, E., 1960, The need for differentiation of trichomoniasis and pox infection in doves: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 348-348, https://doi.org/10.2307/3797530.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, C. M.","contributorId":101335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, E.S. Jr.","contributorId":65941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221796,"text":"70221796 - 1960 - The chief oxide-burgin area discoveries, East Tintic district, Utah; A case history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T12:28:44.400442","indexId":"70221796","displayToPublicDate":"1960-07-07T07:25:53","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chief oxide-burgin area discoveries, East Tintic district, Utah; A case history","docAbstract":"The Burgin shaft is in the Chief Oxide area of the E. Tintic district, Utah, and is about a mile E. of any previously known ore bodies; workings from it are currently developing a substantial amount of commercial Pb-Zn ore in several blind ore bodies that lie in folded Paleozoic carbonate rock concealed beneath a blanket of Eocene lava. This area was mapped by Tower and Smith of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1897 and again by Lindgren and Loughlin in 1911, but no detailed work was done until after 1943 when a field party headed by T.S. Lovering began a study of the entire E. Tintic district. The history of the development of exploration concepts is summarized under Historical Summary. The E. Tintic mining district is in the E.-central part of a N.-trending fault-block mountain range near the eastern margin of the Great Basin; dominant structures of the range are a N.-trending syncline on the W. and a less well exposed anticline on the E. Both folds are cut by an intersecting system of transcurrent strike-slip faults and by minor thrust faults and normal faults of moderate displacement. A strong W.-dipping thrust fault cuts the anticline a short distance E. of the fold axis, but is hidden by Eocene lava throughout the E. Tintic district. The pre-Tertiary rocks range from Lower Cambrian to Upper Mississippian and exceed 7,000 ft. in total thickness; they are dominantly marine limestone and dolomite except for a thick basal Cambrian quartzite. The Tertiary rocks are chiefly dacitic lavas and pyroclastic deposits that are intruded by moderately persistent dikes and irregular bodies of monzonite and quartz porphyry. Nearly all the faulting and folding took place before the extrusion of the lavas on a rugged Eocene erosion surface. At about the time of the intrusion of monzonitic magma, many of the faults in the Paleozoic rock were re-opened and in the overlying lava some fracturing took place which was later accented by hydrothermal alteration. Most of the ore mined in the E. Tintic district has come from Pb-Zn-Ag replacement bodies in shattered Jasperoidized hydrothermal dolomite at the intersection of low angle faults and steep mineralized NE.-trending cross fractures. The U.S. Geological Survey studies of 1943 to 1957 concentrated on detailed mapping of geology and alteration in the E. Tintic district, together with field and laboratory studies of the relation of alteration to stages of mineralization and ore deposition. Trenching and core drilling were carried on after World War II to aid in interpreting the subrhyolite geology, and the Chief Oxide area was 1 of 4 localities tested by drilling. Study of the fossils, lithology, and alteration shown here in a deep drill core, together with the knowledge of the regional geology, led to an essentially correct interpretation of subrhyolite structure in the strongly discordant underlying Paleozoic rocks in which a mineralized tear fault cuts a strong thrust fault, and to the conclusion that ore stage mineralization was present in substantial amounts in the Paleozoic rocks below the Chief Oxide alteration patch in the quartz latite lava. Subsequent geothermal and geochemical work strengthened this conclusion, and the recent development work of the Bear Creek Mining Company, which sank the Burgin shaft, has shown the presence of Pb-Zn-Ag ore of commercial grade in substantial amount in blind ore bodies below the lava blanket in the Chief Oxide area.
This review is an attempt to bring together and discuss relevant information concerning the magnetization of rocks, especially that having paleomagnetic significance. All paleomagnetic measurements available to the authors are here compiled and evaluated, with a key to the summary table and illustrations in English and Russian. The principles upon which the evaluation of paleomagnetic measurements is based are summarized, with special emphasis on statistical methods and on the evidence and tests for magnetic stability and paleomagnetic applicability.
Evaluation of the data summarized leads to the following general conclusions:
(1) The earth's average magnetic field, throughout Oligocene to Recent time, has very closely approximated that due to a dipole at the center of the earth oriented parallel to the present axis of rotation.
(2) Paleomagnetic results for the Mesozoic and early Tertiary might be explained more plausibly by a relatively rapidly changing magnetic field, with or without wandering of the rotational pole, than by large-scale continental drift.
(3) The Carboniferous and especially the Permian magnetic fields were relatively very “steady” and were vastly different from the present configuration of the field.
(4) The Precambrian magnetic field was different from the present field configuration and, considering the time spanned, was remarkably consistent for all continents.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3797514","usgsCitation":"Atwood, E.L., and Geis, A.D., 1960, Problems associated with practices that increase the reported recoveries of waterfowl bands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 272-279, https://doi.org/10.2307/3797514.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Louisiana, 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Park","docAbstract":"The stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) is one of the more important fish in Great Smoky Mountains National Park because of its abundance and habits. Although esteemed locally as a food and a bait fish, the stoneroller is exploited but little since the fishing regulations which govern the utilization of game fishes afford it a large measure of protection. Distribution is controlled by gradient with an upper limit of 4.4 percent. Stonerollers limit reproduction of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by destroying trout redds. Artificial reduction of stoneroller populations is not considered a necessary management procedure.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1960)89[263:TSCARI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lennon, R.E., and Parker, P.S., 1960, The stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque), in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 89, no. 3, p. 263-270, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1960)89[263:TSCARI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.12191518502763,\n 35.77343632205489\n ],\n [\n -84.12191518502763,\n 35.190961764426305\n ],\n [\n -82.88370855348248,\n 35.190961764426305\n ],\n [\n -82.88370855348248,\n 35.77343632205489\n ],\n [\n -84.12191518502763,\n 35.77343632205489\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lennon, R. E.","contributorId":37275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"R.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, P. S.","contributorId":8043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"P.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210843,"text":"70210843 - 1960 - Subdivision of the quaternary alluvium east of the front range near Denver, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-29T15:46:24.080784","indexId":"70210843","displayToPublicDate":"1960-06-29T10:42:09","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subdivision of the quaternary alluvium east of the front range near Denver, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)10[1541:SOTQAE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Scott, G., 1960, Subdivision of the quaternary alluvium east of the front range near Denver, Colorado: GSA Bulletin, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1541-1544, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)10[1541:SOTQAE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1544","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -104.447021484375,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -104.447021484375,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -105.66650390625,\n 38.34165619279595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Glenn R.","contributorId":33324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Glenn R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221609,"text":"70221609 - 1960 - Deposits of the manganese oxides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-29T13:23:55.213152","indexId":"70221609","displayToPublicDate":"1960-06-25T08:24:04","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposits of the manganese oxides","docAbstract":"One of the problems of the wartime program of studies of domestic manganese deposits concerned the identification of, and modes of origin of the manganese oxide minerals. Of the hundreds of specimens of the oxides collected in the United States, the minerals of about 250 specimens were identified by X-ray analysis; complete chemical analyses were made of about 35 specimens and partial analyses of about 150 specimens. This report presents the conclusions that arise out of a review of the geologic environment under which the specimens were found. One conclusion of this review concerns the supergene vs. hypogene origin of the oxides. In order to reach conclusions concerning the supergene and hypogene origin of the 33 oxides of manganese recognized thus far, it was necessary to define the criteria that seemed usable.One group of oxides appears to be persistently supergene: groutite, hydrohausmannite, lithiophorite, rancieite, hetaerolite, hydrohetaerolite, chalcophanite, crednerite, woodruffite, and wad. Another group of oxides appears to have been formed only by hypogene processes: manganosite, hausmannite, pyrochroite, bixbyite, galaxite, jacobsite, franklinite, pyrophanite, and ilmenite. A third group of oxides appear to have been formed by supergene processes in some places and by hypogene processes in other places: manganite, pyrolusite, ramsdellite, cryptomelane, psilomelane, hollandite, braunite, and coronadite.Another conclusion concerns a genetic relation between: (1) veins of manganese oxides in the southwest, largely in Tertiary volcanic rocks, (2) bodies of oxides in travertine aprons near active hot springs, and inactive Pleistocene springs, and (3) stratified oxides, largely in late Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the southwest. From the features of these three groups of deposits of oxides and their geologic and geographic distribution, it appears that hot water from great depth rose on fractures in areas of volcanic activity, deposited oxides in the fractures, appeared at the surface as hot springs, deposited oxides in the aprons near the springs and continuing to local basins, deposited manganese oxides with local debris as persistent beds in sediments, partly or wholly of volcanic origin.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1376360","usgsCitation":"Geist, O., Buckley, J.L., and Manville, R.H., 1960, Alaskan records of the narwhal: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 41, no. 2, p. 250-253, https://doi.org/10.2307/1376360.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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