Stratified rocks of early and middle Paleozoic age form a belt of northeast-trending anticlinoria and synclinoria of middle Paleozoic age, in northern Vermont and adjacent parts of southern Quebec. The foreland margin of this belt, in the Champlain and St. Lawrence valleys to the west, is cut by eastward-dipping thrust faults of middle Paleozoic age and by later northeast-trending normal faults. The Green Mountain anticlinorium, which is the dominant structure of the region, is flanked to the west, on the foreland, by the St. Albans-Hinesburg-Middlebury synclinorium and to the east, in the midst of the folded belt, by the Connecticut Valley-Gaspe synclinorium. The principal thrust faults, notably the Champlain and Philipsburg thrusts, are in the west limb of the St. Albans-Hinesburg-Middlebury synclinorium. East of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspe synclinorium is the Boundary Mountain anticlinorium, in eastern Vermont and adjacent New Hampshire and along the international boundary between Quebec and Maine. Two contrasting intergradational lithic assemblages, the graywacke-shale assemblage and the carbonate-quartzite assemblage, characterize the protolith of the bedded rocks. The graywacke-shale assemblage includes thick sections of lower Paleozoic strata, portions of which lap both gradationally and unconformably westward on the foreland, particularly in Quebec; it also includes middle Paleozoic strata that offlap eastward away from the foreland. The carbonate-quartzite assemblage laps both unconformably and gradationally eastward over the graywacke-shale assemblage in sections of the middle Paleozoic east of the axis of the Green Mountain anticlinorium. Stratigraphic correlation has become well established in the foreland belt where numerous distinctive and fossiliferous strata, chiefly of the carbonate-quartzite assemblage, have escaped metamorphism. It is also fairly clear in sections in the eastern foreland and western part of the Green Mountain anticlinorium, where the strata of the carbonate-quartzite assemblage extend eastward and interfinger with rocks of the graywacke-shale terrane. Rocks that are entirely of the graywacke-shale assemblage have been correlated in the present study. The stratified rocks west of the axis of the Green Mountain anticlinorium are of Cambrian(?), Cambrian, and Ordovician age; those to the east range in age from Cambrian to Devonian. The geotectonic setting of the region is the once mobile belt of the Appalachian orthogeosyncline, which is at the southeastern margin of the stable continental block, or craton, of North America. The orthogeosyncline was a belt, chiefly of subsidence, that embraced two parallel and adjoining longitudinal zones: the eugeosynclinal zone, which was more mobile, and the miogeosynclinal zone, which was less mobile. Second- and third-generation geosynclines are superimposed not only on the orthogeosyncline but also on adjoining parts of the craton. Uplift, and finally folding, gradually superseded subsidence in the orthogeosyncline. Local uplift, chiefly within the eugeosynclinal zone, provided most of the clastic sediments, principally those of the graywacke-shale assemblage. General stabilization of the western part of the orthogeosyncline at the end of the Ordovician was accompanied by eastward migration of the miogeosynclinal zone. Localized uplift within the eastern part of the orthogeosyncline at this time is marked by unconformities referred to the Taconic disturbance. Folding and uplift after the Early Devonian is shown by angular unconformities referred to the Acadian and Appalachian orogenies. The interpretation of the geotectonic relations of the bedded rocks is aided by critical features of the magmatic activity that began with, accompanied, and followed the diastrophism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[531:SAGRIN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cady, W.M., 1960, Stratigraphic and geotectonic relationships in northern Vermont and southern Quebec: Economic Geology, v. 71, no. 5-6, p. 531-576, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[531:SAGRIN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"531","endPage":"576","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Vermont, Quebec","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -71.455078125,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 43.37311218382002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, W. M.","contributorId":64641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"W.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37754,"text":"37754 - 1960 - Public use of National Wildlife Refuges: 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T11:06:44","indexId":"37754","displayToPublicDate":"1960-05-01T11:05:58","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"419","title":"Public use of National Wildlife Refuges: 1959","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1960, Public use of National Wildlife Refuges: 1959: Wildlife Leaflet 419, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"1959-01-01","temporalEnd":"1959-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd1e5e4b0824b2d176975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220523,"text":"70220523 - 1960 - Ilmenite alteration under reducing conditions in unconsolidated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T14:30:18.496893","indexId":"70220523","displayToPublicDate":"1960-05-01T09:27:33","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ilmenite alteration under reducing conditions in unconsolidated sediments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.55.3.618","usgsCitation":"Carroll, D., 1960, Ilmenite alteration under reducing conditions in unconsolidated sediments: Economic Geology, v. 55, no. 3, p. 618-619, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.55.3.618.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"618","endPage":"619","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1960-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, D.","contributorId":84495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220537,"text":"70220537 - 1960 - Geobotanical map of the U.S.S.R.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:56:26.273313","indexId":"70220537","displayToPublicDate":"1960-04-30T12:54:55","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geobotanical map of the U.S.S.R.","docAbstract":"A newly compiled geobotanical map of the U.S.S.R. scale 1:4,000,000 is described. Two hundred and ten categories of vegetation are mapped, classified under 15 major groups. The relation of the mapped vegetation units to climate, soil, ground condition (permafrost), watersheds, and major geomorphic features is emphasized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206816009473565","usgsCitation":"Sochava, V., 1960, Geobotanical map of the U.S.S.R.: International Geology Review, v. 2, no. 4, p. 311-321, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206816009473565.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sochava, V.B.","contributorId":24400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sochava","given":"V.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010773,"text":"70010773 - 1960 - Emphasis on holotype (?)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-26T15:58:50.218373","indexId":"70010773","displayToPublicDate":"1960-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emphasis on holotype (?)","docAbstract":"The description of new species should not be confined to physical description of a holotype. One specimen cannot include all characters or be typical of any taxon. The holotype serves only a nomenclatural function and might also be termed the name-bearer (nomenifer) to avoid confusion of \"type specimen\" with \"typical specimen.\".","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.131.3406.1043.a","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Schopf, J.M., 1960, Emphasis on holotype (?): Science, v. 131, no. 3406.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1043","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"3406","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0902e4b0c8380cd51d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schopf, J. M.","contributorId":42639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schopf","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217848,"text":"70217848 - 1960 - Part I, the development of the method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T19:37:35.63249","indexId":"70217848","displayToPublicDate":"1960-04-01T13:34:38","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":700,"text":"American Antiquity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Part I, the development of the method","docAbstract":"A freshly exposed surface of obsidian will take up water from the atmosphere to form a hydrated surface layer. This layer has a different density and refractive index than does the remainder of the obsidian. Using special techniques, a thin section of the obsidian cut at right angles to the surface can be prepared. When examined under the microscope the hydrated layer is visible and its thickness can be measured. Photomicrographs of such thin sections are shown. Factors that determine the rate of hydration were considered. Using artifacts from archaeological sites of known age, the influence of temperature, relative humidity, chemical composition of the obsidian, burning and erosion of the obsidian on the rates of hydration was determined. Temperature and chemical composition are the main factors controlling the rate of hydration. Obsidian hydrates more rapidly at a higher temperature, and thus progresses at a faster rate in tropical than in arctic climates. Rhyolitic obsidian hydrates more slowly than does trachytic obsidian. Using archaeological data from various parts of the world, several tentative hydration rates were determined for tropical, temperate, and arctic climates. The method in its present state of development is especially suited to determine relative chronologies in layered sequences of artifacts from a single site, or region. It is also useful for detecting fake artifacts. Future work to refine the method is suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge","doi":"10.2307/276634","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Smith, R., 1960, Part I, the development of the method: American Antiquity, v. 25, no. 4, p. 476-493, https://doi.org/10.2307/276634.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"493","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.","contributorId":83874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220084,"text":"5220084 - 1960 - Small-mammal populations of a Maryland woodlot, 1949-1954","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T14:18:09.383083","indexId":"5220084","displayToPublicDate":"1960-04-01T12:17:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-mammal populations of a Maryland woodlot, 1949-1954","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1930216","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L.F., and Warbach, O., 1960, Small-mammal populations of a Maryland woodlot, 1949-1954: Ecology, v. 41, no. 2, p. 269-286, https://doi.org/10.2307/1930216.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, Lucille F.","contributorId":76598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warbach, O.","contributorId":92767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warbach","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220591,"text":"70220591 - 1960 - The zone of aeration and ground-water recharge in sandy sediments at Seabrook, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T19:02:53.80984","indexId":"70220591","displayToPublicDate":"1960-03-01T13:53:53","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The zone of aeration and ground-water recharge in sandy sediments at Seabrook, New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.","doi":"10.1097/00010694-196003000-00005","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., Randolph, J., and Barksdale, H., 1960, The zone of aeration and ground-water recharge in sandy sediments at Seabrook, New Jersey: Soil Science, v. 89, no. 3, p. 145-156, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196003000-00005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"southern New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.56121826171875,\n 38.935911987561624\n ],\n [\n -74.55871582031251,\n 38.935911987561624\n ],\n [\n -74.55871582031251,\n 39.871803651624404\n ],\n [\n -75.56121826171875,\n 39.871803651624404\n ],\n [\n -75.56121826171875,\n 38.935911987561624\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, I.","contributorId":67218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randolph, J.R.","contributorId":19532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randolph","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barksdale, H.C.","contributorId":65912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":37514,"text":"37514 - 1960 - Sea otter population and transplant studies in Alaska, 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T13:43:41","indexId":"37514","displayToPublicDate":"1960-03-01T13:42:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"48","title":"Sea otter population and transplant studies in Alaska, 1959","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kenyon, K.W., and Spencer, D.L., 1960, Sea otter population and transplant studies in Alaska, 1959: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 48, 29 p.","productDescription":"29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c64db4e4b0001bd51477a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenyon, Karl W.","contributorId":78791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, David L.","contributorId":70818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010848,"text":"70010848 - 1960 - Cornelius Packard Rhoads, leader in cancer research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-27T14:18:54.713279","indexId":"70010848","displayToPublicDate":"1960-02-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cornelius Packard Rhoads, leader in cancer research","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.131.3399.486","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Heller, J.R., 1960, Cornelius Packard Rhoads, leader in cancer research: Science, v. 131, no. 3399, p. 486-487, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.131.3399.486.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"487","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"3399","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc1de4b0c8380cd4e116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heller, John R.","contributorId":367007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heller","given":"John","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175755,"text":"70175755 - 1960 - Ground water in alluvial channel deposits, Nobles County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:35:57","indexId":"70175755","displayToPublicDate":"1960-02-02T09:45:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Ground water in alluvial channel deposits, Nobles County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R., 1960, Ground water in alluvial channel deposits, Nobles County, Minnesota: Bulletin 14, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Nobles County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.4622,43.8507],[-95.4527,43.8504],[-95.4548,43.5037],[-95.6883,43.5039],[-95.8594,43.5034],[-96.0526,43.5028],[-96.053,43.8525],[-95.4622,43.8507]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nobles\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dc2e4b03fd6b7da3743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, R.F.","contributorId":107742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181751,"text":"70181751 - 1960 - Ground-water hydrology and glacial geology of the Kalamazoo area, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T10:04:16","indexId":"70181751","displayToPublicDate":"1960-01-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":130,"text":"Progress Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"23","title":"Ground-water hydrology and glacial geology of the Kalamazoo area, Michigan","docAbstract":"The Kalamazoo report area includes about 150 square miles of Kalamazoo County, Mich. The area is principally one of industry and commerce, although agriculture also is of considerable importance. It has a moderate and humid climate and lies within the Lake Michigan “snow belt”. Precipitation averages about 35 inches per year. Snowfall averages about 55 inches.
The surface features of the area were formed during and since the glacial epoch and are classified as outwash plain, morainal highlands, and glaciated channels or drainageways. The area is formed largely on the remnants of an extensive outwash plain, which is breached by the Kalamazoo River in the northeastern part and is dissected elsewhere by several small tributaries to the river. Most of the land drained by these tributaries lies within the report area. A small portion of the southern part drains to the St. Joseph River.
The Coldwater shale, which underlies the glacial deposits throughout the area, and the deeper bedrock formations are not tapped for water by wells and they have little or no potential for future development.
Deposits of glacial drift, which are the source of water to all the wells in the area, have considerable potential for future development. These deposits range in thickness from about 40 feet along the Kalamazoo River to 350 feet where valleys were eroded in the bedrock surface. Permeable outwash and channel deposits are the sources of water for wells of large capacity. The moraines are formed dominantly by till of lower permeability which generally yields small supplies of water, but included sand and gravel beds of higher permeability yield larger supplies locally.
The aquifers of the Kalamazoo area are recharged by infiltration of rainfall and snowmelt and by infiltration of surface waters induced by pumping of wells near the surface sources. Water pumped from most of the municipal well fields is replenished in part by such induced infiltration. Many of the industrial wells along the Kalamazoo River and Portage Creek are recharged in part from these streams. Locally, however, recharge from the streams is impeded, as their bottoms have become partly sealed by silt and solid waste matter.
Water levels fluctuate with seasonal and annual changes in precipitation and in response to pumping. Pumpage by the city of Kalamazoo increased from about 300 million gallons in 1880 to 4.6 billion gallons in 1957. Despite the fact that billions of gallons are pumped annually from well fields in the Axtell Creek area, water levels in this vicinity have declined only a few feet, as the discharge from the fields is approximately compensated by recharge from precipitation and surface water. Pumpage of ground water by industry in 1948 was estimated at about 14 billion gallons, but the use of ground water for industrial purposes has since declined.
Aquifer tests indicate that the coefficient of transmissibility of aquifers in the area ranges from as little as 18,000 to as high as 300,000 gpd (gallons per day) per foot, and that ground water occurs under watertable and artesian conditions.
The ground water is of the calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. It is generally hard to very hard and commonly contains objectionable amounts of iron. Locally, the water contains appreciable amounts of sulfate. Study of the chemical analyses of waters from the area show that all of the tributaries to the Kalamazoo River are fed primarily by ground-water discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey ","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, M., Vanlier, K., and Giroux, P., 1960, Ground-water hydrology and glacial geology of the Kalamazoo area, Michigan: Progress Report 23, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-PR23_216205_7.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kalamazoo area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.70228576660156,\n 42.200038266046754\n ],\n [\n -85.70228576660156,\n 42.38619069220356\n ],\n [\n -85.49114227294922,\n 42.38619069220356\n ],\n [\n -85.49114227294922,\n 42.200038266046754\n ],\n [\n -85.70228576660156,\n 42.200038266046754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c5e4b0c82512869a4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, Morris","contributorId":69119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Morris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanlier, K.E.","contributorId":24332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanlier","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giroux, P.R.","contributorId":59055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giroux","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70275165,"text":"70275165 - 1960 - Data on water wells, Naval Air Missile Test Center Area, Point Mugu, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-17T20:33:54.995456","indexId":"70275165","displayToPublicDate":"1960-01-01T16:24:19","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Data on water wells, Naval Air Missile Test Center Area, Point Mugu, California","docAbstract":"The entire water supply for the U. S. Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu, Calif., is pumped from wells located .within 2 miles of the Pacific Ocean. A large irrigation development inland from the Test Center has created a landward hydraulic gradient beneath the Test Center, causing sea-water encroachment into the water-yielding deposits. The encroaching sea water has not yet reached the Test Center well field; however, the encroachment poses a serious threat to the Test Center supply. To evaluate the adequacy of the water supply for the Naval Air Missile Test Center under these conditions and to suggest additional sources for future development, the U. S. Geological Survey has canvassed all wells and collected all available hydrologic dataat the Test Center and in the immediate vicinity. The data tabulated in this report include measurements of water levels in wells, well logs, and chemical analyses for all wells south of Hueneme Road collected through February 1959.
This study was made by the Geological Survey, U. S. Department of the Interior, under the general supervision of H. L. Wilson, Jr., district engineer for California, and under the immediate supervision of Fred Kunkel, geologist in charge of the Long Beach subdistrict office.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70275165","usgsCitation":"Page, R.W., and Kunkel, F., 1960, Data on water wells, Naval Air Missile Test Center Area, Point Mugu, California: Open-File Report, Report: 98 p.; 1 Figure: 33.76 x 19.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70275165.","productDescription":"Report: 98 p.; 1 Figure: 33.76 x 19.45 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":503232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70275165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":503234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70275165/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":503233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70275165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"U.S. Geological Survey","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Point 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of strontium in the surface and ground waters of Champaign county, Ohio","docAbstract":"Naturally occurring strontium was found in both surface and ground waters during an investigation of the water resources of Champaign County, Ohio. The strontium is related to the presence of celestite (strontium sulfate) in rocks associated with evaporite deposition. The principal source of celestite in Ohio is in rocks of Late Silurian age. Celestite is present also in the glacial deposits of western Ohio, which contain rock material of Late Silurian age. Total time in contact with the rock material seems to have a large effect upon concentrations of strontium in ground water. Streamflow, during low-flow periods, is made up largely of ground-water seepage and contains detectable strontium. Strontium has been found in ground water in other counties in western Ohio and in the brines of eastern Ohio.
","language":"English","publisherLocation":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.55.1.176","usgsCitation":"Feulner, A., and Hubble, J., 1960, Occurrence of strontium in the surface and ground waters of Champaign county, Ohio: Economic Geology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 176-186, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.55.1.176.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Champaign County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.83186340332031,\n 40.063884174719156\n ],\n [\n -83.64303588867186,\n 40.063884174719156\n ],\n [\n -83.64303588867186,\n 40.16680597002458\n ],\n [\n -83.83186340332031,\n 40.16680597002458\n ],\n [\n -83.83186340332031,\n 40.063884174719156\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1960-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feulner, A.J.","contributorId":70796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feulner","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubble, J.H.","contributorId":99624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubble","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1094,"text":"1094 - 1960 - Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Redlands-Beaumont area, California, with special reference to ground-water outflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-03T21:05:26.158835","indexId":"1094","displayToPublicDate":"1960-01-01T12:39:48","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Redlands-Beaumont area, California, with special reference to ground-water outflow","docAbstract":"The Redlands-Beaumont area is bordered by the Santa Ana River on the north, the San Bernadina River on the northeast, the Yucaipa Hills and the San Gorgonio Pass on the east, and the Badlands and the San Jacinto fault on the south and south-west. Large alluvial fans underlie much of the area, but other landforms include alluvial benches, dissected alluvial hills, plains, terraces, and bedrock hills which locally protrude above the floors of the alluvial valleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/1094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino County Flood Control District.","usgsCitation":"Burnham, W., and Dutcher, L.C., 1960, Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Redlands-Beaumont area, California, with special reference to ground-water outflow, 352 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1094.","productDescription":"352 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":433421,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/1094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":289641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/1094/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Beaumont, Redlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2637864386227,\n 34.105233250065254\n ],\n [\n -117.2637864386227,\n 33.87256760375355\n ],\n [\n -116.9107764193285,\n 33.87256760375355\n ],\n [\n -116.9107764193285,\n 34.105233250065254\n ],\n [\n -117.2637864386227,\n 34.105233250065254\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be6474e4b0527d5d4097b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burnham, W.L.","contributorId":58668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutcher, Lee Carlton","contributorId":32229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160871,"text":"70160871 - 1960 - Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Kauai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T08:58:28","indexId":"70160871","displayToPublicDate":"1960-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the island of Kauai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kauai is one of the oldest, and is structurally the most complicated, of the Hawaiian Islands. Like the others, it consists principally of a huge shield volcano, built up from the sea floor by many thousands of thin flows of basaltic lava. The volume of the Kauai shield was on the order of 1,000 cubic miles. Through much of its growth it must have resembled rather closely the presently active shield volcano Mauna Loa, on the island of Hawaii. When the Kauai volcano started its growth is not known with certainty, but it is believed that activity started late in the Tertiary period, possibly in the early or middle part of the Pliocene epoch. Growth of the shield was rapid and probably was completed before the end of the Pliocene.
Toward the end of the growth of the shield, its summit collapsed to form a broad caldera, the largest that has been found in the Hawaiian Islands. Like the calderas of Kilauea and Mauna Loa, that of Kauai volcano had boundaries that were, in part, rather indefinite. The principal depression was bordered by less depressed fault blocks, some of which merged imperceptibly with the outer slopes of the volcano. Elsewhere the caldera rim was low, and flows spilled over it onto the outer slopes. The well-defined central depression of the Kauai caldera was approximately 10 to 12 miles across.
At about the same time as the formation of the major caldera, another, smaller caldera was formed by collapse around a minor eruptive center on the southeastern side of the Kauai shield. Lavas accumulated in the calderas, gradually filling them and burying banks of talus that formed along the foot of the boundary cliffs. The caldera-filling lavas differed from those that built the major portion of the shield in being much thicker and more massive as a result of ponding in the depressions. The petrographic types for the most part are the same throughout. Both the flank flows that built most of the shield and the flows that filled the calderas are predominantly olivine basalt. Picrite-basalt (oceanite), containing very abundant large phenocrysts of olivine, and basalt containing little or no olivine are present but together comprise less than 10 percent of the whole. Late in the period of filling of the major caldera a small amount of basaltic andesine andesite was extruded.
Near the end of the period of filling of the major caldera further collapse occurred, forming a large graben on the southwestern side of the shield. Lava flows erupting within the caldera poured southwestward over the cliff bounding the graben and spread over the gently sloping graben floor. Near the present Waimea Canyon their advance was obstructed by the fault scarp at the west edge of the graben. The cliff along the northeast edge of the graben eventually was buried by lava flows from within the caldera, but that along the west edge continued to stand above the level of the flows in the graben. The flows that accumulated in the graben are of the same types as those that filled the caldera, and like them are mostly thick and massive because of ponding by the graben walls and of the gentle slopes of the graben floor over which they spread.
The rocks of the major Kauai shield volcano are known as the Waimea Canyon volcanic series. The thin flows that accumulated on the flanks of the shield, which compose the major portion of the volcanic edifice, are named the Napali formation of the Waimea Canyon volcanic series. The rocks that accumulated in the big summit caldera are named the Olokele formation, and those that filled the small caldera on the southeast flank of the shield are named the Haupu formation. The volcanic rocks accumulated in the graben on the southwestern side of the shield are named the Makaweli formation of the Waimea Canyon volcanic series, and sedimentary rocks interbedded with them are known as the Mokuone member of the Makaweli formation.
Few vents of the Waimea Canyon volcanic series have been recognized, probably because most of them have been destroyed by erosion or are buried by later lavas. Large numbers of dikes cut the lavas of the Napali formation along Waimea Canyon and the Napali Coast and along the east edge of the Waialeale massif. Fewer dikes are found in the other members of the series. Some tendency toward radial arrangement of the dikes is present, but the dominant trend all over the island is east-northeastward.
Another great collapse took place on the eastern flank of the volcano at about the time the major shield became extinct, or shortly afterward. A subcircular graben 6 or 7 miles across sank several thousand feet, forming a broad depression between the Waialeale massif on the west and Kalepa and Nonou ridges on the east. This collapsed structure cannot be as clearly demonstrated as the Makaweli graben on the southwest side of the shield, because its walls have been greatly eroded and its floor is deeply buried by lavas of the later Koloa volcanic series. It appears, however, to be the only reasonable explanation of the physiography of the eastern side of the island.
After the completion of the great Kauai shield came a long period of erosion during which no volcanic activity occurred. Waves cut high sea cliffs around the island, and streams cut canyons as much as 3,000 feet deep. Thick soil formed over much of the mountain.
Then volcanism was renewed. Eruption occurred from a series of minor vents arranged in nearly north-south and northeast-southwest lines across the eastern two-thirds of the island. The lavas, cinder cones, and ash beds of this period of volcanism are known as the Koloa volcanic series. Lavas of the Koloa volcanic series include olivine basalt, picrite-basalt (mimosite) with few phenocrysts of olivine, basanite, nepheline basalt, melilite-nepheline basalt, and ankaratrite (nepheline basalt very rich in pyroxene and olivine). Inclusions of dunite, composed almost entirely of olivine, are common in flows of the Koloa. Just before and during the eruption of the Koloa volcanic series, voluminous landslides and mudflows brought down a large amount of rock debris and soil from the steep slopes of the mountainous central upland and deposited it as breccias at the foot of the steep slopes in valley heads and along the border of the marginal lowland. Streams distributed part of the material across the lowland. The breccias and conglomerates thus formed, and later buried by lavas of the Koloa volcanic series, are named the Palikea formation of the Koloa volcanic series.
The structures formed at Koloa vents include cinder cones, one tuff cone, and lava cones. The latter are miniature shields resembling the major shield volcano, formed by repeated outpourings of fluid lava. The tuff cone, at the west side of Kilauea Bay, was formed by phreatomagmatic explosions caused by rising magma coming in contact with water-saturated rocks.
Volcanism during Koloa time continued for a long period but was not continuous over the entire area. Locally, long periods of quiet occurred, allowing streams to re-excavate some of the canyons filled by earlier flows of the Koloa volcanic series, and weathering to form soils later buried by new flows. Some of the canyons thus formed during the time when the Koloa was being deposited were several hundred feet deep. Volcanism probably continued throughout most of the Pleistocene epoch. The latest flow of the Koloa volcanic series appears very recent, and rests on lithified calcareous dunes formed during one of the Pleistocene low stands of the sea.
During the Pleistocene epoch stream valleys and sea cliffs were eroded to base levels governed by one or more stands of the sea more than 100 feet below present sea level. Beaches of calcareous sand were formed, and the sand blown inland to form calcareous dunes, now lithified. A test boring near Moloaa penetrated calcareous sand 160 feet below sea level, at the foot of a high sea cliff. Coral reef also was built around part or all of the island, and in part buried by lavas of the Koloa volcanic series. The explosions that built the tuff cone at Kilauea Bay threw up fragments of limestone from a buried reef. Much of the apron of lavas of the Kalna series around the northeastern side of the island probably rests on a platform formed below present sea level by wave erosion and the growth of coral reef.
As the sea rose around the island, the valley mouths were alluviated. Several levels of the sea higher than the present one probably are represented. Some stream terraces may be graded to a stand of the sea as high as 260 feet above present sea level, but no positive evidence for stands higher than 25 feet have been found. Well-preserved shorelines are recognized approximately 25 and 5 feet above sea level. Much of the present coral reef appears to have been formed when the sea stood about 5 feet higher than now, and reduced to its present level by solutional weathering and wave erosion.
The lavas of the Napali formation of the Waimea Canyon volcanic series are highly permeable. They carry basal water over much of the island, and yield it freely to wells. This water is fresh everywhere except very close to the coast on the leeward side of the island. In some areas they may contain water confined at high levels between dikes. The lavas of the Olokele and Haupu formations are moderately to poorly permeable. They probably contain fresh water at sea level, but would not yield it readily to wells. Locally, ash beds perch small bodies of fresh water at high levels in the lavas of the Olokele formation, but these are of no economic importance. The lavas of the Makaweli formation also arc moderately to poorly permeable. They carry fresh or brackish water at sea level. In general, they yield water to wells less readily than the lavas of the Napali formation, but more readily than the lavas of the Olokele. The conglomerates and breccias of the Mokuone member are poorly permeable, but are not known to perch more than a slight amount of water in the overlying lavas,
The lava flows of the Koloa volcanic series are poorly to moderately permeable. They carry fresh or brackish water at sea level, but generally yield it slowly to wells. Locally, small bodies of fresh water are perched at high levels in the lavas of the Koloa by beds of ash and soil and by breccia and conglomerate of the Palikea formation.
Both the older and the younger alluvium generally are poorly permeable, but contain small amounts of fresh or brackish water. The lithified calcareous dunes are permeable, but they appear to contain only brackish water. Lagoon deposits on the Mana plain are poorly to moderately permeable and yield brackish water to wells.
The investigation of the ground-water resources of Monmouth County is part of a Statewide water-resources program. This study was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the new Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply. It was under the general direction of Philip E. LaMoreaux, Chief of the Ground Water Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, and under the direct supervision of Allen Sinnott, District Geologist.
This report presents data for most of the public-supply wells and for several irrigation wells in Monmouth County. The data for these wells are believed to be representative of large-capacity wells tapping the major aquifers present in the county. The information is released at this time in advance of an interpretive report because of its value to prospective users of ground water in Monmouth County. An earlier report presented data on small-capacity wells tapping both major and minor aquifers in the county. The data in these two reports form, in part, the basis for a comprehensive interpretive report on the ground-water resources of Monmouth County, now in preparation. Also to be included in the latter report are data for certain large-capacity industrial wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply","usgsCitation":"Jablonski, L.A., 1960, Factual data for public-supply wells and selected irrigation wells in Monmouth County, New Jersey: New Jersey Division of Water Policy and Supply Water Resources Circular 4, iii, 29 p.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290117,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70114183/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Monmouth County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.613529,40.07913 ], [ -74.613529,40.478576 ], [ -73.972184,40.478576 ], [ -73.972184,40.07913 ], [ -74.613529,40.07913 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa9dede4b065055fab1665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jablonski, Leo A.","contributorId":16324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jablonski","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220574,"text":"70220574 - 1960 - A geologic-profile plotter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T14:38:28.190746","indexId":"70220574","displayToPublicDate":"1960-01-01T09:35:07","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geologic-profile plotter","docAbstract":"Design and uses are described of an easy-to-construct instrument that facilitates construction of profiles of land surfaces, geologic formations, or other features such as profiles of geophysical or geochemical anomalies. Response to data from users of the instrument indicates that it is both faster and more convenient than previous methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.55.1.201","usgsCitation":"Marsh, O., 1960, A geologic-profile plotter: Economic Geology, v. 55, no. 1, p. 201-204, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.55.1.201.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1960-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsh, O.T.","contributorId":64672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"O.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}