The resistance to fully developed turbulent flow at constant depth in an open channel increases as the square of the mean velocity as long as the boundary conditions remain completely unchanged. The presence of the free water surface allows the possibility of departure from the relationship of resistance to the square of the velocity. Experimental evidence is given, which is in quantitative agreement with fluid dynamic theory, that such departure may be abrupt, with a marked increase of resistance. These departures are observed under conditions of boundary and flow which occur commonly in natural rivers.
It is shown that the condition under which this discontinuous increase in resistance occurs is definable by the mean Froude number for the whole flow which may be as small as 0.4. At this initial state, the rate of resistance increase with the square of the velocity may be more than double.
The phenomenon, which is absent in straight uniform channels, is associated with excessive deformations of the free surface due to transverse deflections of the whole or a part of the flow by changes along the channel in the curvature of the flow boundary.
In the simple cases examined the critical Froude number at which the sudden jump occurs depends mainly on the ratio of channel width to mean radius of channel curvature, though the inclination of the banks appears also to have a minor effect
Over the range of values of the above ratio usually to be found in natural rivers, the critical Froude number ranges between 0.4 and 0.55. The possible significance is discussed of the remarkable correspondence between this range of critical Froude number and the range of Froude number within which river flow at bankfull stage appears to be restricted.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physiographic and hydraulic studies of rivers (Professional Paper 282)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp282D","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., Bagnold, R.A., Wolman, M.G., and Brush, L.M., 1960, Flow resistance in sinuous or irregular channels (111): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 282, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp282D.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","startPage":"134","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338228,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp282C","linkHelpText":"Professional Paper 212-C: River flood plains: Some observations on their formation"},{"id":338227,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp282B","linkHelpText":"Professional Paper 212-B: River channel patterns: Braided, meandering, and straight"},{"id":338226,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp282A","linkHelpText":"Professional Paper 212-A: Ephemeral streams - Hydraulic factors and their relation to the drainage net"},{"id":67524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0282d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0282d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"111","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d7e4b07f02db5deb81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagnold, Ralph A.","contributorId":78724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagnold","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolman, M. Gordon","contributorId":85163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brush, Lucien M. Jr.","contributorId":107343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brush","given":"Lucien","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":64356,"text":"gp222 - 1960 - Aeromagnetic map of the Pottstown quadrangle, Berks, Chester, and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-04T20:40:35.184591","indexId":"gp222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"222","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Pottstown quadrangle, Berks, Chester, and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp222","usgsCitation":"Bromery, R.W., and Zandle, G.L., 1960, Aeromagnetic map of the Pottstown quadrangle, Berks, Chester, and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 222, 1 Plate: 22.99 x 27.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp222.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 22.99 x 27.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":484221,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3143.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":251744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":251025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251026,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0222/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Berks County, Chester County, Montgomery County","otherGeospatial":"Pottstown quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.75,40.125 ], [ -75.75,40.25 ], [ -75.625,40.25 ], [ -75.625,40.125 ], [ -75.75,40.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromery, Randolph Wilson","contributorId":22746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromery","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"Wilson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zandle, G. L.","contributorId":39863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zandle","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220593,"text":"70220593 - 1960 - Minor element abundance in a part of the Brazilian shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T19:31:47.103483","indexId":"70220593","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T14:24:56","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor element abundance in a part of the Brazilian shield","docAbstract":"Thirty-nine samples of granitic rocks from the Quadrilátero Ferrifero, Minas Gerais, Brazil, representing \"mixed\" ages and at least three distinct Pre-Cambrian ages were analysed for seventeen minor elements. The rocks are placed in five groups:, (1) 2400 million year old group;, (2) Bacao complex younger, a group of mixed rocks derived from, (1) and, (3);, (3) 1350 million year old group;, (4) a 500 million year old gneissic group;, (5) a 500 million year old silicic group, a later differentiate of a 500 million year old magma.
Compared to granitic rocks elsewhere, these Brazilian rocks are about average in Ba, So, Zr, Pb, Nb, Co, Ni, Be and Mo; above average in La and Y; and below average in Cu, Sr, Ga, Sn, V and Cr. Compared to metasedimentary rocks elsewhere in the world., metasedimentary rocks of this region are about average in all seventeen minor elements.
Sr has its greatest abundance in the 2400 million year old rocks; Ba, V, Co, Sc, Cr, Ni and Cu in the 1350 million year; and La, Nb, Sn, Zr, Y and Ga in the 500 million year silicic. These abundances are in accord with the petrology and chemistry of the rocks. The 1350 million year rocks are the most mafic of the group and should logically concentrate Ba, V, Co, So, Or, Ni and Cu which are most abundant in earlier crystallates. The 500 million year old silicic rocks are the most felsic and should concentrate La, Nb, Sn, Zr, Y and Ga, which are all most abundant in the latest fractions of granitic magna crystallization.
The trace elements also lend support to the idea that the Bacao complex rocks developed by anatexis of 2400 million year rocks during the 1350 -pillion year orogeny. Cu, Sc, Ga, Zr, Sn and Nb have about the same magnitude in the Bagao and the 2400 million year rocks and Sr, V, Co, Or and Ni are lower in the BagAo than either the 2400 or the 1350 million yoar old rocks. This lower abundance is a probable effect of \"debasif-cation\" which is also brought out by the analysis of major constituents.
The effects of a geochemical migration of the elements in this part of the earth's crust may be indicated by the increased abundance of Y in successivol y younger rock types. The increase of La, Nb, Pb, Sn, Y and Zr in the 1350 million year rocks compared to the 2,100 million year rocks might also be an effect of a secular migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(60)80004-X","usgsCitation":"Herz, N., and Dutra, C.V., 1960, Minor element abundance in a part of the Brazilian shield: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 81-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(60)80004-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"southeast Brazil","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -48.1640625,\n -22.75592068148639\n ],\n [\n -40.60546875,\n -22.75592068148639\n ],\n [\n -40.60546875,\n -14.264383087562637\n ],\n [\n -48.1640625,\n -14.264383087562637\n ],\n [\n -48.1640625,\n -22.75592068148639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herz, N.","contributorId":97626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herz","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dutra, C. V.","contributorId":37884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dutra","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220592,"text":"70220592 - 1960 - A comprehensive system of automatic computation in magnetic and gravity interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T19:20:02.92688","indexId":"70220592","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T14:15:30","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive system of automatic computation in magnetic and gravity interpretation","docAbstract":"In the interpretation of magnetic and gravity anomalies, downward continuation of fields and calculation of first and second vertical derivatives of fields have been recognized as effective means for bringing into focus the latent diagnostic features of the data. A comprehensive system has been devised for the calculation of any or all of these derived fields on modern electronic digital computing equipment. The integral for analytic continuation above the plane is used with a Lagrange extrapolation polynomial to derive a general determinantal expression from which the field at depth and the various derivatives on the surface and at depth can be obtained. It is shown that the general formula includes as special cases some of the formulas appearing in the literature. The process involves a \"once for all depths\" summing of grid values on a system of concentric circles about each point followed by application of the appropriate one or more of the 19 sets of coefficients derived for the purpose. Theoretical and observed multilevel data are used to illustrate the processes and to discuss the errors. The coefficients can be used for less extensive computations on a desk calculator.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438736","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., 1960, A comprehensive system of automatic computation in magnetic and gravity interpretation: Geophysics, v. 25, no. 3, p. 569-585, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438736.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"585","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, R.G.","contributorId":72521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209156,"text":"70209156 - 1960 - A possible relationship between aquatic invertebrates and avian botulism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T14:04:35","indexId":"70209156","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T13:57:07","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A possible relationship between aquatic invertebrates and avian botulism","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural resources and american citizenship: Transactions of the twenty-fifth North American wildlife and natural resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 25th","conferenceDate":"Mar 7-9, 1960","conferenceLocation":"Dallas, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Jensen, W.I., and Allen, J.P., 1960, A possible relationship between aquatic invertebrates and avian botulism, in Natural resources and american citizenship: Transactions of the twenty-fifth North American wildlife and natural resources conference, Dallas, TX, Mar 7-9, 1960, p. 171-180.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.46292114257812,\n 41.39844522006508\n ],\n [\n -112.04132080078125,\n 41.39844522006508\n ],\n [\n -112.04132080078125,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -112.46292114257812,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -112.46292114257812,\n 41.39844522006508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, W. I.","contributorId":74705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Jack P.","contributorId":223482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220539,"text":"70220539 - 1960 - Thickness and consolidation of deep-sea sediments: A discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T18:19:13.269155","indexId":"70220539","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T13:15:14","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thickness and consolidation of deep-sea sediments: A discussion","docAbstract":"Hamilton (1959) concluded that in most sediments excess pore-water pressure is equal to zero - that is, the hydrostatic pressure is at atmospheric pressure. This note points out that in terrestrial environments the occurrence of artesian water (excess pore-water pressure) is commonplace and widespread and that such excess pressure is the source of energy for flowing water wells and for many flowing oil wells, \"gushers,\" or \"blowouts\".
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[1727:TACODS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davis, G., 1960, Thickness and consolidation of deep-sea sediments: A discussion: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1727-1728, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[1727:TACODS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1727","endPage":"1728","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, G.H.","contributorId":258184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220538,"text":"70220538 - 1960 - Grid method of determining mean flow-distance in a drainage basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T18:10:19.763809","indexId":"70220538","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T13:07:06","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grid method of determining mean flow-distance in a drainage basin","docAbstract":"The basin characteristics Σal or L ca are useful in hydrologic studies, but existing methods of determining them are either tedious or somewhat inaccurate. The grid method presented herein lessens the amount of tedious labor and provides an accurate measure of either Σal or L ca . An adaptation of the method could be used to compute the lag time for the basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666009493188","usgsCitation":"Busby, M., and Benson, M.A., 1960, Grid method of determining mean flow-distance in a drainage basin: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 5, no. 4, p. 32-36, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493188.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666009493188","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busby, M.W.","contributorId":16040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, M. A.","contributorId":32510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220534,"text":"70220534 - 1960 - Transcurrent faulting and volcanism in Owens Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:37:57.667428","indexId":"70220534","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T12:33:49","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transcurrent faulting and volcanism in Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"In the Owens Valley region of California, volcanic activity of Cenozoic age was confined mainly to three areas near the ends of important faults. The volcanic eruptions seemingly took place in regions of relative tension, if the horizontal movement along these faults was left lateral. The deep depression of Owens Valley may have resulted from compression associated with left-lateral horizontal fault movement. The transfer of molten rock from beneath this deep depression laterally into the regions of tension and thence to the surface seems to account for the relief of abnormal stresses and the volume of the volcanic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[153:TFAVIO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pakiser, L.C., 1960, Transcurrent faulting and volcanism in Owens Valley, California: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 2, p. 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[153:TFAVIO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.16845703125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -120.16845703125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -120.16845703125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pakiser, L. C.","contributorId":83512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pakiser","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220533,"text":"70220533 - 1960 - Foothills fault system, western Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:31:01.879116","indexId":"70220533","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T12:27:00","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foothills fault system, western Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"A large fault system, here named the Foothills fault system, is the dominant structural feature of the western Sierra Nevada. The steeply dipping to vertical component faults trend northwestward through an area about 200 miles long and 30 miles wide north of 37°30' north latitude. The faulted Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks are overlapped by unfaulted younger rocks, and the total extent of the fault system is not known. It is probably not limited to the western Sierra Nevada. Faults are marked by belts as much as 4 miles wide of cataclastically deformed and recrystallized rocks and by truncated folds. Along one fault, Upper Jurassic rocks are juxtaposed against Paleozoic rocks for at least 100 miles. The direction of fault movement has not been determined. Net displacement on some of the component faults exceeds 3000 feet and may be measurable in miles. Major faults cut beds of Late Jurassic age and are in turn cut by plutonic rocks of probable Late Jurassic and Middle Cretaceous age. Faults that controlled deposition of quartz veins and gold ore bodies of the Mother Lode belt are apparently younger and structurally less important features superimposed on one of the fault zones of the large system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[483:FFSWSN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, L.D., 1960, Foothills fault system, western Sierra Nevada, California: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 4, p. 483-496, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[483:FFSWSN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"496","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -117.75146484375,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -117.75146484375,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, L. D.","contributorId":11189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220532,"text":"70220532 - 1960 - Stereoscopic-pair projection of aerial photographs in map compilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:26:04.426438","indexId":"70220532","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T12:23:16","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stereoscopic-pair projection of aerial photographs in map compilation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[629:SPOAPI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Coats, R., 1960, Stereoscopic-pair projection of aerial photographs in map compilation: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 5, p. 629-630, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[629:SPOAPI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"630","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coats, R.R.","contributorId":78339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220531,"text":"70220531 - 1960 - Glaciation of the east slope of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:21:49.125233","indexId":"70220531","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T12:16:55","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glaciation of the east slope of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado","docAbstract":"The eastern slope of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, has been subjected to at least three separate Pleistocene glaciations, which from oldest to youngest are correlated with the Buffalo, Bull Lake, and Pinedale glaciations of Blackwelder in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming. In this area, deposits of the oldest glaciation are known from only one locality. Deposits of the Bull Lake glaciation comprise two sets of moraines indicative of two advances of ice separated by a significant recession; those of the Pinedale glaciation comprise three sets of moraines indicative of a maximum advance of the ice and two recessional halts or minor readvances. Moraines of two minor advances of the ice, correlated with the Temple Lake and historic stades of Neoglaciation in the Wind River Mountains, occur in the cirque heads.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[1371:GOTESO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Richmond, G.M., 1960, Glaciation of the east slope of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 9, p. 1371-1382, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[1371:GOTESO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1371","endPage":"1382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.051025390625,\n 40.16208338164617\n ],\n [\n -105.4193115234375,\n 40.16208338164617\n ],\n [\n -105.4193115234375,\n 40.58267063809529\n ],\n [\n -106.051025390625,\n 40.58267063809529\n ],\n [\n -106.051025390625,\n 40.16208338164617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Gerald M","contributorId":127101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220530,"text":"70220530 - 1960 - Mineral paragenesis of precambrian rocks in the Tenmile Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T17:15:38.790336","indexId":"70220530","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T12:10:23","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral paragenesis of precambrian rocks in the Tenmile Range, Colorado","docAbstract":"A Precambrian complex of granulite, gneiss, and migmatite, intruded by numerous plutons of granitic rocks correlated with the Silver Plume granite, is exposed in a long narrow belt along the crest and upper slopes of the Tenmile Range, Colorado. The metamorphic rocks are predominantly felsic; bands, lenses, and irregular bodies of mafic rocks rich in biotite, hornblende, and locally in sillimanite and garnet, are interlayered with the felsic rocks. The major lithologic variations in the metamorphic rock complex are believed to be due chiefly to variations in the original sedimentary rocks, which probably were interbedded sandstone, shale, and limestone. The metamorphic rocks and the Silver Plume granite reveal the age relations of quartz and the feldspars, and these relations afford considerable information on the origin and progressive transformation of the rocks. Quartz is the earliest mineral in the metamorphic rocks and is probably a relict mineral of a sandstone. It has been partially replaced by feldspar. It occurs chiefly in irregular clusters, some of which show sutured grains, enclosed in a ramifying network of feldspar. Irregular small apophyses, barbs, and prongs of feldspar penetrate the quartz clusters along grain boundaries and healed fractures in the quartz. In some of the least feldspathized quartzose metamorphic rocks the feldspar is clearly interstitial to the quartz. Quartz also occurs in feldspar as small spherical inclusions. The relations of the quartz to the feldspars show clearly that a quartzose host rock was replaced by feldspar along quartz grain boundaries, pre-existing healed fractures, and margins of shadowy areas in strained quartz grains. The textural relations of the other principal minerals in the metamorphic rocks show that plagioclase formed earlier than the microcline and that the micas were the last of the principal minerals to form. Identical paragenetic relations are found in the Silver Plume granite, and the writer concludes that the Silver Plume granite was derived by partial fusion of quartzose metamorphic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[1357:MPOPRI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Koschmann, A.H., 1960, Mineral paragenesis of precambrian rocks in the Tenmile Range, Colorado: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 9, p. 1357-1370, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[1357:MPOPRI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1357","endPage":"1370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Tenmile Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.52319335937499,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -105.5126953125,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -105.5126953125,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -107.52319335937499,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -107.52319335937499,\n 39.198205348894795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koschmann, A. H.","contributorId":55455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschmann","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220527,"text":"70220527 - 1960 - Geophysical investigation of Mono Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T16:58:19.33331","indexId":"70220527","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T11:53:55","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical investigation of Mono Basin, California","docAbstract":"Gravity and seismic studies in Mono Basin, Mono County, California, completed during the summer of 1957 revealed a large, roughly triangular block that had subsided about 18,000 ± 5000 feet and received an accumulation of about 300 ± 100 cubic miles of light clastic sediments and volcanic material of Cenozoic age. The seemingly near-vertical faults that bound this great block are displaced toward the center of the basin from the surrounding mountain masses, but in general they are parallel to well-defined Basin and Range trends. The gravity minimum anomaly associated with the Mono Basin structure has a residual gravity relief of about 50 mgals, and the lowest gravity readings (on Paoha Island) yield a complete Bouguer gravity value of about - 260 mgals with respect to the International Ellipsoid. The computed depth of subsidence is based on a density of 2.3 gms/ cm3 for the basin fill and 2.7 gms/cm3 for the basement rocks. Seismic-refraction profiles at several places in the basin demonstrate that the Cenozoic deposits are thick where the gravity is low and relatively thin where the gravity is higher. Along common seismic and gravity profiles steep seismic dips coincide with steep gravity gradients. Numerous seismic reflections are present within the basin fill. Anomalies on four aeromagnetic profiles are related in part to volcanic material within the Cenozoic section. It is concluded that Mono Basin may be a volcano-tectonic depression caused by subsidence along faults, following extrusion of magma from a magma chamber at depth. Volcanic rocks of Pliocene(?) and Pleistocene ages are exceptionally abundant in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[415:GIOMBC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pakisek, L., Press, F., and Kane, M.F., 1960, Geophysical investigation of Mono Basin, California: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 4, p. 415-448, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[415:GIOMBC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"448","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.20303344726562,\n 37.8813571797486\n ],\n [\n -118.72100830078125,\n 37.8813571797486\n ],\n [\n -118.72100830078125,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -119.20303344726562,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -119.20303344726562,\n 37.8813571797486\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pakisek, L.C.","contributorId":258180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pakisek","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Press, F.","contributorId":167282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Press","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kane, M. F.","contributorId":45708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70220524,"text":"70220524 - 1960 - Application of seismic methods to a ground-water problem in northeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T16:25:46.270443","indexId":"70220524","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T10:57:42","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of seismic methods to a ground-water problem in northeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"Valleys cut in the bedrock in northeastern Ohio by Tertiary and Pleistocene streams have been filled by Pleistocene glacial drift so that there is little surface evidence of their existence. Some of these buried valleys are good sources of ground water, so information regarding the location, depth, and cross-section of the buried valleys is important in water-supply investigations. Detailed knowledge of the configuration of the buried valleys is useful also in interpreting the glacial history of the region. Test surveys in Portage and Summit Counties, Ohio, by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that seismic methods can be used to determine depth to bedrock and thus to be applicable to the study of the buried valleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438722","usgsCitation":"Warrick, R., and Winslow, J., 1960, Application of seismic methods to a ground-water problem in northeastern Ohio: Geophysics, v. 25, no. 2, p. 505-519, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438722.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"519","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"northwest Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -82.33154296875,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -82.33154296875,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 39.67337039176558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, R. E.","contributorId":258173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warrick","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winslow, J.D.","contributorId":258174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winslow","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220580,"text":"70220580 - 1960 - Geology of the Mayagüez area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T15:12:37.584864","indexId":"70220580","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T10:07:45","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Mayagüez area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The Mayagüez area forms the southwestern corner of Puerto Rico, west of 67° W. and south of 18° 15' N. One-third of the 640 square kms is covered by thick alluvium. Unconformities separate a basal complex, two sequences of highly folded igneous and sedimentary rocks, and a younger sequence of gently dipping sedimentary rock. The basal Bermeja complex contains serpentinite, silicified porphyritic volcanic rock with some sedimentary rock, and minor spilite, amphibolitized spilite, and amphibolite. It is exposed chiefly in some anticlinal cores in southwestern Puerto Rico. Limestone, mudstone, andesite, and basalt form the older folded sequence. The Río Loco formation, bronzite andesite porphyry in part with pillow structures, was extruded perhaps in the Cenomanian. The Mayagüez group includes most of the rocks in southwestern Puerto Rico: the Yauco mudstone, Parguera limestone, Brujo limestone, Melones limestone, Maricao basalt, Sabana Grande andesite, and El Rayo volcanic rocks. The maximum possible age range is Turonian to Maestrichtian. The group ranges in thickness from about 800 m in the south to 3800 m in the north, and it varies in lithology from limestone in the south to mudstone and volcanic rock in the north, indicating a volcanic center to the north during that time. The second folded sequence contains andesitic volcanic rock, bedded tuff, and massive limestone. The San Germán formation (Maestrichtian) includes andesite, the Cabo Rojo agglomerate member, and the Cotui limestone member. The Jicara formation, massive limestone and bedded tuff, is Paleocene; there is one exposure of an unnamed ? Eocene marl. Post-Eocene limestone and conglomerate are also exposed in the area. The structure of the basement complex is obscured by its massiveness and by the cover of younger rocks. Two major deformations have affected the rocks of southwestern Puerto Rico since Cenomanian to Santonian time. In the Maestrichtian, the first of these formed folds with a N. 60° W. trend, asymmetric or overturned to the south. Near the south coast the folding of thin Mayagüez group rocks was probably influenced by trends in the Bermeja complex which caused deviations in the regional trends and also some overturning to the north. The San Germán formation, deposited unconformably on the eroded surface of the folded Mayagüez group, contains large allochthonous blocks of older and contemporaneous rocks. These blocks, up to 2 km by 1 km in exposure, were deposited by slumping or sliding due to gravity within and at the base and top of the San Germán formation near Lajas and San Germán. Most rocks in the blocks are extremely contorted and contain deformed Foraminifera. The San Germán and Jicara formations and perhaps the ?Eocene marls were deformed into gentle open folds trending east in the area covered by this report. Oligocene, Miocene, and younger sedimentary rocks have been tilted and uplifted. Large east-west left-lateral transcurrent faults cross the area, offsetting and offset by two sets of transverse faults (N. 45° E., N. 20° W.): most faults are probably Maestrichtian to Oligocene, although minor faulting has continued to the present. Dikes and sills of quartz diorite porphyry and mica-quartz dacite porphyry intrude the ?Maestrichtian San Germán formation and older units. A diorite plug cuts the Bermeja complex, and a granodiorite plug intrudes the Mayagüez group.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[319:GOTMAP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mattson, P.H., 1960, Geology of the Mayagüez area, Puerto Rico: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 71, no. 3, p. 319-362, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1960)71[319:GOTMAP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"362","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385772,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.52197265625,\n 17.832374329567518\n ],\n [\n -65.302734375,\n 17.832374329567518\n ],\n [\n -65.302734375,\n 18.58377568837094\n ],\n [\n -67.52197265625,\n 18.58377568837094\n ],\n [\n -67.52197265625,\n 17.832374329567518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, Peter H.","contributorId":72659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220579,"text":"70220579 - 1960 - Rapid determination of fluorine in phosphate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T15:02:17.090391","indexId":"70220579","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T09:59:06","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of fluorine in phosphate rocks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac60160a041","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., 1960, Rapid determination of fluorine in phosphate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 32, no. 4, p. 569-570, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60160a041.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Leonard","contributorId":61406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220578,"text":"70220578 - 1960 - Terrestrial ostracodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T12:29:30.347357","indexId":"70220578","displayToPublicDate":"1960-12-31T09:53:53","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial ostracodes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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