The “paleo calendar effect” is a common expression for the impact that changes in the length of months or seasons over time, related to changes in the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and precession, have on the analysis or summarization of climate-model output. This effect can have significant implications for paleoclimate analyses. In particular, using a “fixed-length” definition of months (i.e., defined by a fixed number of days), as opposed to a “fixed-angular” definition (i.e., defined by a fixed number of degrees of the Earth's orbit), leads to comparisons of data from different positions along the Earth's orbit when comparing paleo with modern simulations. This effect can impart characteristic spatial patterns or signals in comparisons of time-slice simulations that otherwise might be interpreted in terms of specific paleoclimatic mechanisms, and we provide examples for 6, 97, 116, and 127 ka. The calendar effect is exacerbated in transient climate simulations in which, in addition to spatial or map-pattern effects, it can influence the apparent timing of extrema in individual time series and the characterization of phase relationships among series. We outline an approach for adjusting paleo simulations that have been summarized using a modern fixed-length definition of months and that can also be used for summarizing and comparing data archived as daily data. We describe the implementation of this approach in a set of Fortran 90 programs and modules (PaleoCalAdjust v1.0).
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/gmd-12-3889-2019","usgsCitation":"Bartlein, P.J., and Shafer, S., 2019, Paleo calendar-effect adjustments in time-slice and transient climate-model simulations (PaleoCalAdjust v1.0): Impact and strategies for data analysis: Geoscientific Model Development, v. 12, p. 3889-3913, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3889-2019.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3889","endPage":"3913","ipdsId":"IP-101124","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3889-2019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7657-5685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7657-5685","contributorId":211587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33397,"text":"U of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215341,"text":"70215341 - 2019 - Updating estimates of low-streamflow statistics to account for possible trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T18:52:38.595974","indexId":"70215341","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-02T13:46:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7162,"text":"Hydrologic Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Updating estimates of low-streamflow statistics to account for possible trends","docAbstract":"Accurate estimators of streamflow statistics are critical to the design, planning, and management of water resources. Given increasing evidence of trends in low-streamflow, new approaches to estimating low-streamflow statistics are needed. Here we investigate simple approaches to select a recent subset of the low-flow record to update the commonly used statistic of 7Q10, the annual minimum 7-day streamflow exceeded in 9 out of 10 years on average. Informed by low-streamflow records at 174 US Geological Survey streamgages, Monte Carlo simulation experiments evaluate competing approaches. We find that a strategy which estimates 7Q10 using the most recent 30 years of record when a trend is detected, reduces error and bias in 7Q10 estimators compared to use of the full record. This simple rule-based approach has potential as the basis for a framework for updating frequency-based statistics in the context of possible trends.
The impacts of Ceratonova shasta on Klamath River salmonids have been the focus of tremendous research and monitoring over the past decade. Knowledge gained from the various studies has resulted in a growing suite of decision support tools that can be used to predict the prevalence of infection and mortality that can be expected from varying exposure concentrations to C. shasta waterborne spores, exposure durations, and water temperatures. More recent efforts have shown that when coupled with estimates of abundance and temporal migration timing, these tools can be used to predict population-level rates of annual mortality due to ceratomyxosis. In this report, we apply those tools to estimate annual mortality rates of juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch originating from the Scott and Shasta rivers that result from exposure to C. shasta in the mainstem Klamath River. Additionally, we simulate how a water management flow regime targeted to reduce disease risk may translate into differing estimates of mortality rates. In general, we found large variation among annual mortality rate estimates, ranging from 0% to 68% across both rivers and across all years considered in this investigation. Further, we estimate that fish from the Shasta River experienced higher mortality rates owning to their prolonged exposure history. Finally, our simulations suggest that the flow regime targeting reduced disease risk could be effective at reducing annual Coho Salmon mortality rate estimates, with the extent of the estimated reductions related to the timing of the onset of measurable in-river waterborne spore concentrations and the overlap with the Klamath River residence for each source population.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arcata fisheries technical report number TR 2019-38","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Som, N.A., Hetrick, N.J., Perry, R., and Alexander, J.D., 2019, Estimating annual Ceratonova shasta mortality rates in juvenile Scott and Shasta River coho salmon that enter the Klamath River mainstem, iv, 18 p.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111609","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/arcata/fisheries/reports/technical/2019/2019-38%20POM%20juvenile%20Scott_Shasta%20Coho%209_18_2019.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -124.71679687499999,\n 41.50857729743935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Som, Nicholas A.","contributorId":203773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Som","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36713,"text":"Statistician, USFWS - Arcata Fisheries Program, Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hetrick, Nicholas J.","contributorId":168367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetrick","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell 0000-0003-4110-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":220189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Julie D","contributorId":220190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":40145,"text":"Oregon State University, Department of Microbiology Bartholomew Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205949,"text":"70205949 - 2019 - Factors associated with structure loss in the 2013–2018 California wildfires","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-11T06:46:49","indexId":"70205949","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-02T06:45:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5678,"text":"Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors associated with structure loss in the 2013–2018 California wildfires","docAbstract":"Tens of thousands of structures and hundreds of human lives have been lost in recent fire events throughout California. Given the potential for these types of wildfires to continue, the need to understand why and how structures are being destroyed has taken on a new level of urgency. We compiled and analyzed an extensive dataset of building inspectors’ reports documenting homeowner mitigation practices for more than 40,000 wildfire-exposed structures from 2013–2018. Comparing homes that survived fires to homes that were destroyed, we investigated the role of defensible space distance, defensive actions, and building structural characteristics, statewide and parsed into three broad regions. Overall, structural characteristics explained more of a difference between survived and destroyed structures than defensible space distance. The most consistently important structural characteristics—having enclosed eaves, vent screens, and multi-pane windows—were those that potentially prevented wind-born ember penetration into structures, although multi-pane windows are also known to protect against radiant heat. In the North-Interior part of the state, active firefighting was the most important reason for structure survival. Overall, the deviance explained for any given variable was relatively low, suggesting that other factors need to be accounted for to understand the full spectrum of structure loss contributors. Furthermore, while destroyed homes were preferentially included in the study, many “fire-safe” structures, having > 30 m defensible space or fire-resistant building materials, were destroyed. Thus, while mitigation may play an important role in structure survival, additional strategies should be considered to reduce future structure loss.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/fire2030049","usgsCitation":"Syphard, A.D., and Keeley, J., 2019, Factors associated with structure loss in the 2013–2018 California wildfires: Fire, v. 2, no. 3, 49, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/fire2030049.","productDescription":"49, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111216","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fire2030049","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"2","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Syphard, Alexandra D.","contributorId":8977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Syphard","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":216485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208755,"text":"70208755 - 2019 - Chemically enhanced treatment wetland to improve water quality and mitigate land subsidence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Cost and design considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T21:00:58.033121","indexId":"70208755","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-02T06:37:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemically enhanced treatment wetland to improve water quality and mitigate land subsidence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Cost and design considerations","docAbstract":"Water quality impairment and land surface subsidence threaten the viability of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta), a critical component of California’s water conveyance system. Current day irrigation drainage through Delta island peat soils impacts drinking water treatment and is linked to mercury transport, potentially posing both ecological and public health concerns. Hybrid coagulation-treatment wetland systems, termed Chemically Enhanced Treatment Wetlands (CETWs), were studied as a means to cost-effectively treat agricultural drainage water from subsided Delta islands to reduce the export of drinking water quality constituents of concern and mitigate land subsidence through accretion. We provide cost estimates and design recommendations to aid broader implementation of this technology. Over a 20-year horizon using a Total Annualized Cost analysis, we estimate treatment costs of $602 – $747 per acre-foot (ac-ft) water treated and $36 – $70 per kg dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removed depending upon source water DOC concentrations for a small 3-acre CETW system. For larger CETW systems scaled for island sizes of 3,500 – 14,000 acres, costs decrease to $108 – $239 per ac-ft water treated and $11 – $14 per kg DOC removed. The footprints of CETW systems were estimated to be approximately 3% of the area being treated for 4-day hydraulic retention time systems but would decrease to less than 1% for 1-day hydraulic retention time systems. CETWs ultimately address several of the Delta’s key internal issues while keeping water treatment costs competitive with other currently available treatment technologies at similar scales on a per carbon removed basis. CETWs offer a reliable system to reduce out-going DOC and mercury loads and they provide the additional benefit of sediment accretion. System costs and treatment efficacy are highly dependent on inflow source water conditions, land availability and other practical matters. To keep costs low and removal efficacy high, wetland design features will need site-specific evaluation.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California-Davis","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2019v17iss3art1","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P.A., Kraus, T.E., Horwath, W.R., Hatch, N.R., and Bachand, S.M., 2019, Chemically enhanced treatment wetland to improve water quality and mitigate land subsidence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: Cost and design considerations: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 17, no. 3, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2019v17iss3art1.","productDescription":"23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104998","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2019v17iss3art1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.870849609375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -120.465087890625,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -120.465087890625,\n 39.29179704377487\n ],\n [\n -123.870849609375,\n 39.29179704377487\n ],\n [\n -123.870849609375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, Philip A. 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Current research on deterrent technologies for bighead Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix have primarily focused on reducing upstream movement in large river lock approaches. However, there is also interest in excluding carp from smaller-scale locations. A water control structure at Emiquon Preserve, Lewistown, Illinois, USA reconnected the Preserve’s wetland lakes to the Illinois River, and is a pinch point that site managers seek to deter immigration of non-native fishes without restricting native fish movement. One possible deterrent strategy that was evaluated within the water control structure in 2017 was the use of a 100 hp boat motor acoustic stimulus. Two underwater speakers were installed in each of two culverts to discourage fish movement though the water control structure. Fish passage was monitored using a series of passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennas in a confined study area. A combination of 176 fish consisting of seven different species (native and non-native) were implanted with PIT tags and relocated downstream of the water control structure. Over 2 days of periodic playback of the acoustic stimulus, 29% of tagged silver carp that were detected crossed though the active underwater speaker array. The acoustic treatment did not significantly reduce silver carp or native centrarchid passage through the culverts. However, numerous silver carp were observed jumping out of the acoustically active culvert at the onset of the stimulus. The acoustic stimulus, especially the frequencies to which silver carp are most sensitive to (< 2000 Hz), rapidly attenuated in the water control structure (water depth 0.55–0.38 m). Depth related attenuation observed in and around the water control structure may have reduced the efficacy of the acoustic fish deterrent system at this location.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2019.10.3.09","usgsCitation":"Wamboldt, J.J., Murchy, K., Stanton, J.C., Blodgett, K.D., and Brey, M.K., 2019, Evaluation of an acoustic fish deterrent system in shallow water application at the Emiquon Preserve, Lewistown, IL.: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 10, no. 3, p. 536-558, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.3.09.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"558","ipdsId":"IP-102187","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":459958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2019.10.3.09","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YRTNHI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of an acoustic fish deterrent system in shallow water application at the Emiquon Preserve, Lewistown, IL Data"},{"id":367532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Lewistown","otherGeospatial":"Emiquon Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.19020080566406,\n 40.2863352647122\n ],\n [\n -90.03982543945312,\n 40.2863352647122\n ],\n [\n -90.03982543945312,\n 40.3810745182893\n ],\n [\n -90.19020080566406,\n 40.3810745182893\n ],\n [\n -90.19020080566406,\n 40.2863352647122\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wamboldt, James J. 0000-0003-3043-5198","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-5198","contributorId":219060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wamboldt","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchy, Kelsie A.","contributorId":190582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murchy","given":"Kelsie A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Jessica C. 0000-0002-6225-3703 jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blodgett, K. 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We cored 24 of these trees to determine their age and suitability for flow reconstruction. Because most of the trees were rotten in the center, we developed a method to estimate the date of the center ring that accounts for the increase in ring width toward the center. Estimated center ring dates were as early as 1806. Cottonwood growth at a dry site was correlated with April–August flow prior to construction of Lake Sakakawea (1929–1953; r = 0.50, P = 0.011) and to Palmer Drought Severity Index following construction (1954–2014; r = 0.38, P = 0.003). We conclude that cottonwood rings can be used to improve reconstructions of Missouri River flows before the beginning of stream-gage records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Ankney, F.R., and Wolf, M., 2019, Age and growth of cottonwood trees along the Missouri River, North Dakota: The Prairie Naturalist, v. 50, no. 1, p. 26-35.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-086468","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.44775390625,\n 46.59661864884465\n ],\n [\n -100.48095703125,\n 46.59661864884465\n ],\n [\n -100.48095703125,\n 47.5394554474239\n ],\n [\n -101.44775390625,\n 47.5394554474239\n ],\n [\n -101.44775390625,\n 46.59661864884465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankney, Fisher R.","contributorId":219916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ankney","given":"Fisher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":773578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, Marshall","contributorId":219917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolf","given":"Marshall","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":773579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206276,"text":"70206276 - 2019 - Distribution and status of trout and char in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-29T15:48:09","indexId":"70206276","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-01T15:38:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Distribution and status of trout and char in North America","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trout and char of the world","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","isbn":"9781934874547","usgsCitation":"Budy, P., Rogers, K., Kanno, Y., Penaluna, B.E., Hitt, N., Thiede, G.P., Dunham, J., Mellison, C., Somer, W., and DeRito, J., 2019, Distribution and status of trout and char in North America, chap. 7 of Trout and char of the world.","ipdsId":"IP-088494","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368720,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/professional-and-trade/55081c/"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.58593749999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -165.58593749999997,\n 62.431074232920906\n ],\n [\n -163.125,\n 57.136239319177434\n ],\n [\n -171.9140625,\n 52.696361078274485\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -147.65625,\n 58.63121664342478\n ],\n [\n -130.4296875,\n 51.83577752045248\n ],\n [\n -126.5625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 20.96143961409684\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 6.664607562172573\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 17.308687886770034\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -49.21875,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -65.390625,\n 60.58696734225869\n ],\n [\n -61.17187499999999,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 74.30735341486248\n ],\n [\n -125.15625000000001,\n 74.59010800882325\n ],\n [\n -158.90625,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -165.58593749999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Kevin B.","contributorId":220104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Kevin B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanno, Yoichiro ykanno@usgs.gov","contributorId":4876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanno","given":"Yoichiro","email":"ykanno@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":774107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penaluna, Brooke E","contributorId":192212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penaluna","given":"Brooke","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":220079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":774054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thiede, Gary P.","contributorId":9154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiede","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dunham, Jason 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":220078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mellison, Chad","contributorId":216069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mellison","given":"Chad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Somer, William","contributorId":53266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somer","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeRito, James","contributorId":220107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeRito","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70228113,"text":"70228113 - 2019 - Computational sustainability: Computing for a better world and a sustainable future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T20:16:31.484361","indexId":"70228113","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-01T12:20:39","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10079,"text":"Communications of the ACM","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational sustainability: Computing for a better world and a sustainable future","docAbstract":"Computational sustainability aims to develop computational methods to help solve environmental, economic, and societal problems and thereby facilitate a path towards a sustainable future. Sustainability problems are unique in scale, impact, complexity, and richness, offering challenges but also opportunities for the advancement of the state of the art of computing and information science.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","doi":"10.1145/3339399","usgsCitation":"Gomes, C., Dietterich, T., Barrett, C., Conrad, J., Dilkina, B., Ermon, S., Fang, F., Andrew Farnsworth, Fern, A., Fern, X., Fink, D., Daniel Fisher, Flecker, A., Freund, D., Fuller, A.K., Gregoire, J., Hopcroft, J., Kelling, S., Kolter, Z., Powell, W., Sintov, N., Selker, J., Selman, B., Sheldon, D., Shmoys, D., Tambe, M., Wong, W., Wood, C., Wu, X., Xue, Y., Yakuba, A., Yadav, A., and Zeeman, M.L., 2019, Computational sustainability: Computing for a better world and a sustainable future: Communications of the ACM, v. 62, no. 9, p. 56-65, https://doi.org/10.1145/3339399.","productDescription":"10 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We use three marketing research approaches—revised importance-performance, importance-grid, and penalty-reward-contrast analysis—to examine the determinants of waterfowl hunter satisfaction. These methods have seen limited application in research on hunting and other outdoor recreation activities. Using results from a 2015 mail survey, we examine the implicit and explicit motivations and overall satisfaction of Minnesota waterfowl hunters. We also differentiate how experiences relate to satisfaction for more avid and less avid hunters, differentiated by self-reported importance of the activity. Seeing ducks in the field was important to satisfaction for both avidity groups. Bagging ducks each day in the field was more important to satisfaction for less avid hunters, while bagging a lot of ducks over the season and attracting ducks with decoys were more important to the satisfaction of more avid hunters. The methods that we employ here illuminate differences between explicit and implicit motivations for participation in waterfowl hunting, clarify factors crucial to satisfaction, and identify asymmetric influences of experiences on satisfaction and dissatisfaction.","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1006","usgsCitation":"Fulton, D.C., Schroeder, S.A., Cornicelli, L., Cordts, S.D., and Jeffrey S. 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However, bringing the past back is constrained by hysteretic changes, irrevocable damages, and anthropogenic trends that do not reflect past conditions. The scale of the Everglades and its importance to water supply and flood control is such that a full recovery, to past, pre-drainage conditions, is not possible. What is possible? The answer is the federally authorized Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) and the first, most significant implementation of the $12 Billion CERP is the $2 Billion Central Everglades Planning Project (CEPP). CEPP is our “flux-capacitor” in the DeLorean sports car that generates the ability to go back and forth in time, in the movie series “Back to the Future.” \n \nThe primary hydrological modeling outputs of CEPP came from a version of the Regional Simulation Model (RSM), developed by the South Florida Water Management District. The RSM is the DeLorean vehicle, designed to carry the bags of ecological restoration. Unfortunately, the capacity of this vehicle (i.e., CEPP) is limited, but is it large enough? Will CEPP make a difference? The 20-year RSM simulations (1965 – 1985) without restoration showed nine dry periods when there was no water in the sloughs of Everglades National Park (ENP). When the model was run with CEPP conditions, all of these extreme dry conditions were eliminated. The impact of this was most apparent for fish, especially the size classes that wading birds eat. With our DeLorean (i.e. the RSM) we saw a 60-90% increase in fish density. As one might expect, the birds in our alternative future responded to the fish. The increased volume, flow, and connectivity in the CEPP simulations significantly improved the foraging response of all wading bird species, especially in Water Conservation Area 3 (WCA-3) and ENP. Foraging conditions for an average CEPP year improved by 25-100%. Further downstream, the CEPP simulations showed increased delivery of low nutrient fresh water to the Coastal Everglades and Florida Bay that displaced the relatively P-rich marine water, increased water transparency, and thus decreased algal blooms. However, in a future with accelerating sea levels and estuarine lakes with legacy phosphorus (P), how much more fresh water will be needed to maintain submerged aquatic vegetated habitats? The quest for Everglades Restoration will reach a resource management milestone with the implementation of CEPP. CEPP successfully used a broad suite of hydrological, ecological and societal models to build an acceptable and feasible adaptive management vision of the future. 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To illustrate climate projection application for ecological experiments, we developed temperature and precipitation treatments based on moderate-emissions scenario climate outputs (i.e., RCP4.5–650 ppm CO2 equivalent). Our temperature treatments captured weekly trends that represented cool, average, and warm temperature predictions, and our daily precipitation treatments mimicked various seasonal precipitation trends and extreme events projected for the late 21st century. Treatments were applied to two short-term controlled experiments evaluating (1) plant germination (temperature treatment applied in growth chamber) and (2) soil nitrogen cycling (precipitation treatment applied in greenhouse) responses to projected future conditions in the Great Plains. Our approach provides flexibility for selecting appropriate and precise climate model outputs to design experimental treatments. 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David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226694,"text":"70226694 - 2019 - Effects of air exposure on survival of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout angled from a stream with warm water temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T12:26:28.238835","indexId":"70226694","displayToPublicDate":"2019-09-01T06:19:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of air exposure on survival of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout angled from a stream with warm water temperatures","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effects of air exposure on Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri caught and released in a cold-water stream with elevated water temperatures (i.e., > 14°C) in southeastern Idaho. Anglers caught fish in a 2.3-km section of Fall Creek, Idaho, during August 2018. Sampled fish remained underwater while we measured and then tagged them with T-bar anchor tags. We exposed fish to air for 0, 30, or 60 s and then released them at the point of capture. We continuously monitored temperature during the study period. Water temperatures during the study varied from 10.0 to 19.7°C and averaged 14.9°C (SE = 0.08). In total, anglers caught 161 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout over 10 d. Of those fish, we did not expose 54 to air; we exposed 54 to air for 30 s, and 53 for 60 s. We used electrofishing to recapture tagged fish and estimate relative survival. Relative survival was highest for fish exposed to air for 60 s (0.40 [SE = 0.25]) followed by 0 s (0.35 [SE = 0.25]) and 30 s (0.30 [SE = 0.27]), but differences were not statistically significant. Results from this study are consistent with other air-exposure studies suggesting that air exposure of 60 s or less is not likely a concern in Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout fisheries. Releasing fish as quickly as possible is always encouraged, but management regulations restricting air exposure seem unnecessary given the collective body of field-based research on air exposure. Nevertheless, similar studies on other systems and species are warranted.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Anthony, S., 2019, Drought in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands: Impacts to water resources: Fact Sheet, HTML.","productDescription":"HTML","ipdsId":"IP-106966","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":369935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/climate-adaptation-science-centers/drought-us-affiliated-pacific-islands"}],"otherGeospatial":"American Samoa, Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.23950195312497,\n 12.843937692841445\n ],\n [\n 145.4150390625,\n 12.843937692841445\n ],\n [\n 145.4150390625,\n 13.998036539606128\n ],\n [\n 144.23950195312497,\n 13.998036539606128\n ],\n [\n 144.23950195312497,\n 12.843937692841445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Stephen 0000-0001-6209-1428 santhony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-1428","contributorId":214691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Stephen","email":"santhony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70205176,"text":"70205176 - 2019 - Formation mechanisms of quartz veins in orogenic gold deposits: Insights from Grass Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T15:28:42","indexId":"70205176","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-31T15:28:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Formation mechanisms of quartz veins in orogenic gold deposits: Insights from Grass Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"The orogenic gold veins of Grass Valley, California, USA, compose the historically richest lode gold district in the North American Cordillera. Petrographically, the veins exhibit a range of primary textural relationships allowing the reconstruction of the paragenetic sequence of mineral formation. Two generations of quartz are distinguished by optical cathodoluminescence microscopy and fluid inclusion petrography. Early quartz formed under conditions of variable pressures, ranging from supralithostatic to sublithostatic, whereas late quartz formed entirely at hydrostatic conditions. Subsequent sulfide formation occurred from fluids increasingly buffered by the host rocks. Late growth zones in pyrite are enriched with elements derived from the local host rock and contain abundant gold inclusions. Gold was never observed encapsulated by the quartz, rather it resides along grain boundaries and fractures in the quartz. The results of this study underscore the importance of pressure fluctuations during quartz vein formation but suggest that the bulk of the gold in these orogenic systems was introduced late in the paragenesis when fluid flow occurred at hydrostatic conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"15th SGA Biennial Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"15th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 27-30, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Glasgow, Scotland","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R., Monecke, T., and Reynolds, T.J., 2019, Formation mechanisms of quartz veins in orogenic gold deposits: Insights from Grass Valley, California, USA, in 15th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 2, Glasgow, Scotland, August 27-30, 2019, p. 788-791.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"791","ipdsId":"IP-106222","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367211,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sga2019glasgow.com/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grass Valley District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.02563476562501,\n 40.47202439692057\n ],\n [\n -121.47583007812501,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -121.13525390625,\n 38.84826438869913\n ],\n [\n -119.893798828125,\n 36.958671131530316\n ],\n [\n -119.58618164062499,\n 36.61552763134925\n ],\n [\n -118.14697265625,\n 37.37888785004527\n ],\n [\n -120.06958007812499,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -120.02563476562501,\n 40.47202439692057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":201948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monecke, Thomas","contributorId":173585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monecke","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, T. James","contributorId":218778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[{"id":39908,"text":"FLUID INC.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":770224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206676,"text":"70206676 - 2019 - North American Bat Monitoring Program regional protocol for surveying with stationary deployments of echolocation recording devices: Narrative version 1.0, Pacific Northwestern US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T07:09:37","indexId":"70206676","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-31T12:34:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/UCBN/NRR—2019/1975","title":"North American Bat Monitoring Program regional protocol for surveying with stationary deployments of echolocation recording devices: Narrative version 1.0, Pacific Northwestern US","docAbstract":"The outbreak of white-nose syndrome (WNS) and the growing awareness of the risks to bats from wind power generating facilities have driven radical changes to North American bat conservation. Over the last decade, formerly common species such as the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) have experienced unprecedented mortality rates and are now facing non-trivial extinction risk.
In response to this change, federal land management agencies such as the US National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, US Bureau of Land Management and state wildlife management agencies such as the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Idaho Fish and Game have invested in collaborative, interagency bat monitoring to close the gap in information about bat welfare and to inform bat conservation strategies.
Bats are notoriously difficult to track and study and there remains a paucity of fundamental information about the seasonal patterns of bat activity and habitat use and population distributions and abundances. Moreover, because bats are so highly mobile and difficult to survey (e.g., nocturnal flight), this information needs to be contextualized at broad regional (e.g., 10,000 km2) and range-wide extents. Delimiting bat populations at local scales (e.g., 100 km2) is very difficult and it is not clear, for example, how a declining trend in local (e.g., a small park unit) patterns of bat activity or relative abundance should be interpreted without broader context.
In recognition of these challenges, a plan for coordinated continental-scale monitoring of bats, the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat) was developed (Loeb et al. 2015). The centerpiece of the plan is the use of a spatially-balanced randomized master sample of grid-cell sample units from a grid-based sampling frame to provide the architecture for collaboration and the statistical foundation for making inferences about bat populations across broad regions and entire bat geographic ranges. The plan outlines general goals, survey design, and field methods for both summertime acoustic surveys of bats as well as winter and summer counts of bats in hibernacula and maternity colonies but it does not provide field-level protocol and standard operating procedures for consistent and efficient implementation.
This regional protocol provides these details for one component of NABat, the deployment of stationary acoustic detectors to record bats during summer, as is called for by the NABat plan. This protocol was written specifically to provide guidance and consistency across the Pacific Northwestern US (N. California [California Department of Fish and Wildlife Northern Region], Idaho, Washington, and Oregon; US Fish and Wildlife Service Region 1 and portion of Region 8 [in Northern California and Klamath Basin]; US Forest Service Region 6 and portions of Regions 1 and 5 in Idaho; and the Upper Columbia Basin, North Coast Cascades, and Klamath Networks of the National Park Service). This region has internal cohesion, sharing a distinct bat faunal assemblage of 15 species (with several additional species occurring on the southern periphery of the region), and a long history of collaborative bat monitoring beginning with the interagency Bat Grid Program which operated from 2003-2010 across Oregon and Washington (US Forest Service Region 6).
This protocol will be coordinated and implemented by the Northwestern Bat Hub, on behalf of the collective interagency partnership. The Northwestern Bat Hub is housed on the Oregon State University-Cascades campus and leverages pooled partner funds and resources to maintain a small staff that coordinates and conducts monitoring, provides training and oversight, ensures high-quality data quality and control, and analyzes data and reports on results.
The paragenesis, textures, and chemical compositions of secondary hematite in regional potassic altered rhyolites, four IOA deposits, the sedimentary iron deposit at Pilot Knob and the Boss IOCG deposit in SE Missouri were determined and compared to primary magnetite from the IOA and IOCG deposits. Magnetite is composed of elements characteristics of mafic to intermediate intrusions whereas hematite is enriched in elements characteristic of felsic igneous rocks. These results suggest that magnetite formed from fluids discharged from mafic to intermediate composition intrusions. Hematite precipitated from fluids discharged from felsic intrusions or fluids that evolved in caldera lakes. Hematite in the sedimentary iron deposit at Pilot Knob formed in an evaporative caldera lake with fluid inputs from felsic intrusions.
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2019 - Absence of magnetite microlites, geochemistry of magnetite veins and replacements in IOA deposits, SE Missouri, USA: Relations to intermediate intrusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-03T12:22:43","indexId":"70203458","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-31T12:19:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Absence of magnetite microlites, geochemistry of magnetite veins and replacements in IOA deposits, SE Missouri, USA: Relations to intermediate intrusions","docAbstract":"The paragenesis, textures, and chemical compositions of magnetite in two mafic to intermediate intrusions and four IOA deposits in SE Missouri were studied to discriminate between igneous and hydrothermal sources. In this study, we found that replacement magnetite with mineral inclusion-rich cores yields erroneously high Ti, Al, Si, Mg, and Mn contents as determined by EMP and LA-ICP-MS due to rutile and silicate inclusions. Thus, identification of high-Ti microlites on the basis of inclusion-rich cores with high Ti contents is an analytical artefact. Since the high-Ti magnetite microlite flotation model is critically dependent on this type of analysis, it may be invalid. The presence of coarse-grained high-Ti vein magnetite with ilmenite lamellae enveloped by replacement magnetite with inclusion-rich cores in ore zones suggests that the veins were high-temperature conduits for low-temperature replacement ores. The trace element compositions of vein and replacement magnetite suggest that iron was sourced from mafic to intermediate intrusions. These results support a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for IOA systems in SE Missouri.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) to provide consistent land cover and change products for the Nation since 2001. Percent impervious surface area (ISA), one of the products in NLCD as a continuous field and estimated with Landsat imagery, represents the fraction of human-made impervious area in a 30 m resolution grid. ISA is used to map urban land cover types and extents for the United States. However, it is still a challenge to quantify highly heterogeneous features in many urban areas using remotely sensed data with spatial and spectral resolutions similar to Landsat and to determine the impacts of remotely sensed data characteristics on ISA mapping.
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