Spatial scale is an important consideration when managing forest wildlife habitat, and models can be used to improve our understanding of these habitats at relevant scales. Our objectives were to determine whether stand- or microhabitat-scale variables better predicted bird metrics (diversity, species presence, and abundance) and to examine breeding bird response to clearcut size and age in a highly forested landscape. In 2004–2007, vegetation data were collected from 62 even-aged stands that were 3.6–34.6 ha in size and harvested in 1963–1990 on the Monongahela National Forest, WV, USA. In 2005–2007, we also surveyed birds at vegetation plots. We used classification and regression trees to model breeding bird habitat use with a suite of stand and microhabitat variables. Among stand variables, elevation, stand age, and stand size were most commonly retained as important variables in guild and species models. Among microhabitat variables, medium-sized tree density and tree species diversity most commonly predicted bird presence or abundance. Early successional and generalist bird presence, abundance, and diversity were better predicted by microhabitat variables than stand variables. Thus, more intensive field sampling may be required to predict habitat use for these species, and management may be needed at a finer scale. Conversely, stand-level variables had greater utility in predicting late-successional species occurrence and abundance; thus management decisions and modeling at this scale may be suitable in areas with a uniform landscape, such as our study area. Our study suggests that late-successional breeding bird diversity can be maximized long-term by including harvests >10 ha in size into our study area and by increasing tree diversity. Some harvesting will need to be incorporated regularly, because after 15 years, the study stands did not provide habitat for most early successional breeding specialists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"McDermott, M., Wood, P.B., Miller, G., and Simpson, B., 2011, Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 261, no. 3, p. 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020"}],"volume":"261","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDermott, M.E.","contributorId":42793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, G.W.","contributorId":92377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, B.T.","contributorId":53193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034994,"text":"70034994 - 2011 - Transient changes in shallow groundwater chemistry during the MSU ZERT CO2 injection experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T17:38:55.752959","indexId":"70034994","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Transient changes in shallow groundwater chemistry during the MSU ZERT CO2 injection experiment","docAbstract":"Food-grade CO2 was injected into a shallow aquifer through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 1–2 m below the water table at the Montana State University Zero Emission Research and Technology (MSU-ZERT) field site at Bozeman, Montana. The possible impact of elevated CO2 levels on groundwater quality was investigated by analyzing 80 water samples taken before, during, and following CO2 injection. Field determinations and laboratory analyses showed rapid and systematic changes in pH, alkalinity, and conductance, as well as increases in the aqueous concentrations of trace element species. The geochemical data were first evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) in order to identify correlations between aqueous species. The PCA findings were then used in formulating a geochemical model to simulate the processes likely to be responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of dissolved constituents. Modeling was conducted taking into account aqueous and surface complexation, cation exchange, and mineral precipitation and dissolution. Reasonable matches between measured data and model results suggest that: (1) CO2 dissolution in the groundwater causes calcite to dissolve. (2) Observed increases in the concentration of dissolved trace metals result likely from Ca+2-driven ion exchange with clays (smectites) and sorption/desorption reactions likely involving Fe (hydr)oxides. (3) Bicarbonate from CO2 dissolution appears to compete for sorption with anionic species such as HAsO4−2, potentially increasing dissolved As levels in groundwater.
We used an individual-based population model to perform a viability analysis to simulate population growth (λ) of 167 elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis; 71 male and 96 female) released in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, to estimate sustainability (i.e., λ > 1.0) and identify the most appropriate options for managing elk restoration. We transported elk from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada, and from Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky, and reintroduced them beginning in December 2000 and ending in February 2003. We estimated annual survival rates for 156 radio-collared elk from December 2000 until November 2004. We used data from a nearby elk herd in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to simulate pessimistic and optimistic recruitment and performed population viability analyses to evaluate sustainability over a 25-year period. Annual survival averaged 0.799 (Total SE = 0.023). The primary identifiable sources of mortality were poaching, disease from meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis), and accidents (environmental causes and unintentional harvest). Population growth given pessimistic recruitment rates averaged 0.895 over 25 years (0.955 in year 1 to 0.880 in year 25); population growth was not sustainable in 100% of the runs. With the most optimistic estimates of recruitment, mean λ increased to 0.967 (1.038 in year 1 to 0.956 in year 25) with 99.6% of the runs failing to be sustainable. We suggest that further translocation efforts to increase herd size will be ineffective unless survival rates are increased in the Cumberland Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.226","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Kindall, J., Muller, L., Clark, J.D., Lupardus, J., and Murrow, J., 2011, Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 8, p. 1745-1752, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.226.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1745","endPage":"1752","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.226"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.4464111328125,\n 36.600094165941144\n ],\n [\n -84.53155517578124,\n 36.53391577198655\n ],\n [\n -84.55352783203125,\n 36.461054075054314\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 36.37043347989971\n ],\n [\n -84.63592529296875,\n 36.30627216957992\n ],\n [\n -84.6771240234375,\n 36.219902972702606\n ],\n [\n -84.67987060546874,\n 36.18887535558557\n ],\n [\n -84.65789794921875,\n 36.13787471840729\n ],\n [\n -84.60296630859375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 36.033552893400376\n ],\n [\n -84.2926025390625,\n 36.029110596631874\n ],\n [\n -84.2486572265625,\n 36.060201412392914\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 36.113471382052175\n ],\n [\n -84.15252685546875,\n 36.17779108329074\n ],\n [\n -84.144287109375,\n 36.23762751669998\n ],\n [\n -84.14703369140625,\n 36.29077703961915\n ],\n [\n -84.18548583984375,\n 36.33504067209607\n ],\n [\n -84.232177734375,\n 36.39475669987383\n ],\n [\n -84.28985595703124,\n 36.4477991295848\n ],\n [\n -84.13604736328125,\n 36.53170884914869\n ],\n [\n -84.07012939453125,\n 36.58906837139909\n ],\n [\n -84.4464111328125,\n 36.600094165941144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dbfe4b0c8380cd7a127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindall, J.L.","contributorId":47200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindall","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, L.I.","contributorId":11448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lupardus, J.L.","contributorId":85796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupardus","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murrow, J.L.","contributorId":101490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrow","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034572,"text":"70034572 - 2011 - Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T17:26:38.842512","indexId":"70034572","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas)","docAbstract":"Much attention has been given to the conservation of small populations, those that are small because of decline, and those that are naturally small. Small populations are of particular interest because ecological theory suggests that they are vulnerable to the deleterious effects of environmental, demographic, and genetic stochasticity as well as natural and human-induced catastrophes. However, testing theory and developing applicable conservation measures for small populations is hampered by sparse data. This lack of information is frequently driven by computational issues with small data sets that can be confounded by the impacts of stressors. We present estimates of demographic parameters from a small population of Boreal Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) that has been surveyed since 2001 by using capture–recapture methods. Estimates of annual adult survival probability are high relative to other Boreal Toad populations, whereas estimates of recruitment rate are low. Despite using simple models, clear patterns emerged from the analyses, suggesting that population size is constrained by low recruitment of adults and is declining slowly. These patterns provide insights that are useful in developing management directions for this small population, and this study serves as an example of the potential for small populations to yield robust and useful information despite sample size constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1","issn":"00180831","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., and Scherer, R.D., 2011, Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (anaxyrus boreas): Herpetologica, v. 67, no. 4, p. 369-377, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00016.1"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e00e4b0c8380cd7a2a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034332,"text":"70034332 - 2011 - Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations","docAbstract":"The generation of seismicity catalogs on synthetic fault networks holds the promise of providing key inputs into probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis, for example, the coefficient of variation, mean recurrence time as a function of magnitude, the probability of fault-to-fault ruptures, and conditional probabilities for foreshock-mainshock triggering. I employ a seismicity simulator that includes the following ingredients: static stress transfer, viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and mantle, and vertical stratification of elastic and viscoelastic material properties. A cascade mechanism combined with a simple Coulomb failure criterion is used to determine the initiation, propagation, and termination of synthetic ruptures. It is employed on a 3D fault network provided by Steve Ward (unpublished data, 2009) for the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Earthquake Simulators Group. This all-California fault network, initially consisting of 8000 patches, each of ~12 square kilometers in size, has been rediscretized into ~100;000 patches, each of ~1 square kilometer in size, in order to simulate the evolution of California seismicity and crustal stress at magnitude M ~ 5-8. Resulting synthetic seismicity catalogs spanning 30,000 yr and about one-half million events are evaluated with magnitude-frequency and magnitude-area statistics. For a priori choices of fault-slip rates and mean stress drops, I explore the sensitivity of various constructs on input parameters, particularly mantle viscosity. Slip maps obtained for the southern San Andreas fault show that the ability of segment boundaries to inhibit slip across the boundaries (e.g., to prevent multisegment ruptures) is systematically affected by mantle viscosity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120100303","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2011, Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 5, p. 2481-2498, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100303.","startPage":"2481","endPage":"2498","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100303"},{"id":244818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a16e4b0c8380cd521ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034586,"text":"70034586 - 2011 - Landscape drivers of regional variation in the relationship between total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T16:19:25","indexId":"70034586","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape drivers of regional variation in the relationship between total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes","docAbstract":"1. For north temperate lakes, the well-studied empirical relationship between phosphorus (as measured by total phosphorus, TP), the most commonly limiting nutrient and algal biomass (as measured by chlorophyll a, CHL) has been found to vary across a wide range of landscape settings. Variation in the parameters of these TP–CHL regressions has been attributed to such lake variables as nitrogen/phosphorus ratios, organic carbon and alkalinity, all of which are strongly related to catchment characteristics (e.g. natural land cover and human land use). Although this suggests that landscape setting can help to explain much of the variation in ecoregional TP–CHL regression parameters, few studies have attempted to quantify relationships at an ecoregional spatial scale.
2. We tested the hypothesis that lake algal biomass and its predicted response to changes in phosphorus are related to both local-scale features (e.g. lake and catchment) and ecoregional-scale features, all of which affect the availability and transport of covarying solutes such as nitrogen, organic carbon and alkalinity. Specifically, we expected that land use and cover, acting at both local and ecoregional scales, would partially explain the spatial pattern in parameters of the TP–CHL regression.
3. We used a multilevel modelling framework and data from 2105 inland lakes spanning 35 ecoregions in six US states to test our hypothesis and identify specific local and ecoregional features that explain spatial heterogeneity in TP–CHL relationships. We include variables such as lake depth, natural land cover (for instance, wetland cover in the catchment of lakes and in the ecoregions) and human land use (for instance, agricultural land use in the catchment of lakes and in the ecoregions).
4. There was substantial heterogeneity in TP–CHL relationships across the 35 ecoregions. At the local scale, CHL was negatively and positively related to lake mean depth and percentage of wooded wetlands in the catchment, respectively. At the ecoregional scale, the slope parameter was positively related to the percentage of pasture in an ecoregion, indicating that CHL tends to respond more rapidly to changes in TP where there are high levels of agricultural pasture than where there is little. The intercept (i.e. the ecoregion-average CHL) was negatively related to the percentage of wooded wetlands in the ecoregion.
5. By explicitly accounting for the hierarchical nature of lake–landscape interactions, we quantified the effects of landscape characteristics on the response of CHL to TP at two spatial scales. We provide new insight into ecoregional drivers of the rate at which algal biomass responds to changes in nutrient concentrations. Our results also indicate that the direction and magnitude of the effects of certain land use and cover characteristics on lake nutrient dynamics may be scale dependent and thus likely to represent different underlying mechanisms regulating lake productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02621.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Wagner, T., Soranno, P.A., Webster, K.E., and Cheruvelil, K.S., 2011, Landscape drivers of regional variation in the relationship between total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, no. 9, p. 1811-1824, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02621.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1824","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-018387","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487795,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02621.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02621.x"}],"volume":"56","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a440ce4b0c8380cd667f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence","contributorId":150607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruvelil","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"Spence","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":446519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035026,"text":"70035026 - 2011 - Late Quaternary environmental change inferred from phytoliths and other soil-related proxies: Case studies from the central and southern Great Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T14:28:18.184017","indexId":"70035026","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary environmental change inferred from phytoliths and other soil-related proxies: Case studies from the central and southern Great Plains, USA","docAbstract":"This study investigates stable carbon isotopes (δ13C), opal phytolith assemblages, burnt phytoliths, microscopic charcoal and Sporormiella spores from modern soils and paleosols in Kansas and Oklahoma. Grass and dicot phytoliths in combination with δ13C are used as proxies for reconstructing the structure of grasslands and woodlands. Burnt grass phytoliths and microscopic charcoal are evaluated as proxies for reconstructing paleofire incidence. Concentrations of the fungal spore Sporormiella are used as a proxy for assessing large herbivore activity. These proxies were tested on various modern grassland communities of the central and southern Great Plains, including areas with bison, cattle, and small herbivores, and areas under different fire frequencies.
Opal phytolith assemblages and δ13C values show that before cal 11 ka, C3 grasses and woody plants predominated in areas that today are dominated by C4 grasses. The origin of the shortgrass prairie dates back to about cal 10 ka. The origin of the tallgrass prairie, however, is not clear as phytolith data show variable assemblages throughout the Holocene (mixed-grass, tallgrass, and tallgrass–woodland mosaic). Different proxies (burnt phytoliths vs. charcoal) reveal different fire frequencies, but it is apparent that microfossil evidence for fire incidence is closely related to the abundance of woody plants in the landscape.
Before cal 12 ka, soils show somewhat elevated concentration of Sporormiella, but lower concentrations than the modern high-density bison and cattle grazing areas. Throughout the Holocene, Sporormiella frequencies are low, which suggests lower large ungulate densities and perhaps high mobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.015","issn":"03418162","usgsCitation":"Cordova, C., Johnson, W., Mandel, R., and Palmer, M., 2011, Late Quaternary environmental change inferred from phytoliths and other soil-related proxies: Case studies from the central and southern Great Plains, USA: Catena, v. 85, no. 2, p. 87-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.015.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"108","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Central and southern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 31.728167146023935\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -103.53515625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -101.689453125,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -97.822265625,\n 25.799891182088334\n ],\n [\n -97.20703125,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -93.33984375,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -94.5703125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -95.25146484374999,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -102.216796875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 41.11246878918088\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.9296875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 31.728167146023935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4526e4b0c8380cd67098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, C.E.","contributorId":8303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandel, R.D.","contributorId":58000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandel","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmer, M.W.","contributorId":88703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035027,"text":"70035027 - 2011 - Evaluating the effect of predators on white-tailed deer: Movement and diet of coyotes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:43:08","indexId":"70035027","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the effect of predators on white-tailed deer: Movement and diet of coyotes","docAbstract":"Coyotes (Canis latrans) may affect adult and neonate white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) survival and have been implicated as a contributor to the decline of deer populations. Additionally, coyote diet composition is influenced by prey availability, season, and region. Because coyote movement and diet vary by region, local data are important to understand coyote population dynamics and their impact on prey species. In southeast Minnesota, we investigated the effect of coyotes on white-tailed deer populations by documenting movement rates, distances moved, and habitats searched by coyotes during fawning and nonfawning periods. Additionally, we determined survival, cause-specific mortality, and seasonal diet composition of coyotes. From 2001 to 2003, we captured and radiocollared 30 coyotes. Per-hour rate of movement averaged 0.87 km and was greater (P = 0.046) during the fawning (1.07 km) than the nonfawning period (0.80 km); areas searched were similar (P = 0.175) between seasons. Coyote habitat use differed during both seasons; habitats were not used in proportion to their availability (P < 0.001). Croplands were used more (P < 0.001) than their proportional availability during both seasons. Use of grasslands was greater during the fawning period (P = 0.030), whereas use of cropland was greater in the nonfawning period (P < 0.001). We collected 66 fecal samples during the nonfawning period; coyote diets were primarily composed of Microtus spp. (65.2%), and consumption of deer was 9.1%. During the study, 19 coyotes died; annual survival rate range was 0.33–0.41, which was low compared with other studies. Consumption of deer was low and coyotes searched open areas (i.e., cropland) more than fawning areas with dense cover. These factors in addition to high coyote mortality suggested that coyote predation was not likely limiting white-tailed deer populations in southeast Minnesota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.109","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Turner, M., Rockhill, A., Deperno, C., Jenks, J., Klaver, R., Jarding, A., Grovenburg, T., and Pollock, K.H., 2011, Evaluating the effect of predators on white-tailed deer: Movement and diet of coyotes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 4, p. 905-912, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.109.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"912","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.109"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf7e4b0c8380cd52983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, M.M.","contributorId":26895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockhill, A.P.","contributorId":70200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockhill","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deperno, C.S.","contributorId":97870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deperno","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jarding, A.R.","contributorId":108329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarding","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grovenburg, T.W.","contributorId":78163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70035557,"text":"70035557 - 2011 - Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T19:12:59.425482","indexId":"70035557","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence","docAbstract":"Accurately predicting the effects of global change on net carbon (C) exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere requires a more complete understanding of how nutrient availability regulates both plant growth and heterotrophic soil respiration. Models of soil development suggest that the nature of nutrient limitation changes over the course of ecosystem development, transitioning from nitrogen (N) limitation in ‘young’ sites to phosphorus (P) limitation in ‘old’ sites. However, previous research has focused primarily on plant responses to added nutrients, and the applicability of nutrient limitation-soil development models to belowground processes has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we assessed the effects of nutrients on soil C cycling in three different forests that occupy a 4 million year substrate age chronosequence where tree growth is N limited at the youngest site, co-limited by N and P at the intermediate-aged site, and P limited at the oldest site. Our goal was to use short-term laboratory soil C manipulations (using 14C-labeled substrates) and longer-term intact soil core incubations to compare belowground responses to fertilization with aboveground patterns. When nutrients were applied with labile C (sucrose), patterns of microbial nutrient limitation were similar to plant patterns: microbial activity was limited more by N than by P in the young site, and P was more limiting than N in the old site. However, in the absence of C additions, increased respiration of native soil organic matter only occurred with simultaneous additions of N and P. Taken together, these data suggest that altered nutrient inputs into ecosystems could have dissimilar effects on C cycling above- and belowground, that nutrients may differentially affect of the fate of different soil C pools, and that future changes to the net C balance of terrestrial ecosystems will be partially regulated by soil nutrient status.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10533-010-9522-6","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Reed, S.C., Vitousek, P., and Cleveland, C., 2011, Are patterns in nutrient limitation belowground consistent with those aboveground: Results from a 4 million year chronosequence: Biogeochemistry, v. 106, no. 3, p. 323-336, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9522-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216125,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9522-6"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5ee4b0c8380cd4977f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vitousek, P.M.","contributorId":102208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, C.C.","contributorId":62387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035325,"text":"70035325 - 2011 - Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:28:47","indexId":"70035325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference","docAbstract":"The semivariogram and its related function, the covariance, play a central role in classical geostatistics for modeling the average continuity of spatially correlated attributes. Whereas all methods are formulated in terms of the true semivariogram, in practice what can be used are estimated semivariograms and models based on samples. A generalized form of the bootstrap method to properly model spatially correlated data is used to advance knowledge about the reliability of empirical semivariograms and semivariogram models based on a single sample. Among several methods available to generate spatially correlated resamples, we selected a method based on the LU decomposition and used several examples to illustrate the approach. The first one is a synthetic, isotropic, exhaustive sample following a normal distribution, the second example is also a synthetic but following a non-Gaussian random field, and a third empirical sample consists of actual raingauge measurements. Results show wider confidence intervals than those found previously by others with inadequate application of the bootstrap. Also, even for the Gaussian example, distributions for estimated semivariogram values and model parameters are positively skewed. In this sense, bootstrap percentile confidence intervals, which are not centered around the empirical semivariogram and do not require distributional assumptions for its construction, provide an achieved coverage similar to the nominal coverage. The latter cannot be achieved by symmetrical confidence intervals based on the standard error, regardless if the standard error is estimated from a parametric equation or from bootstrap.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Pardo-Iguzquiza, E., 2011, Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 2, p. 203-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-013963","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1515e4b0c8380cd54cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardo-Iguzquiza, E.","contributorId":34345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo-Iguzquiza","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033878,"text":"70033878 - 2011 - Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-22T09:52:14","indexId":"70033878","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates","docAbstract":"Using uniaxial compression creep experiments, we characterized the transient and steady state deformation behaviors of eutectic aggregates of system ice I and MgSO4 11H2O (MS11; meridianiite), which has significance because of its likely presence on moons of the outer solar system. Synthetic samples of eutectic liquid bulk composition, which produce eutectic colonies containing 0.35-0.50 volume fraction MS11, were tested as functions of colony size and lamellar spacing, temperature (230-250 K), and confining pressure (0.1 and 50 MPa) to strains ???0.2. Up to a differential stress of 6 MPa, the ice I-MS11 aggregates display an order of magnitude higher effective viscosity and higher stress sensitivity than do aggregates of pure polycrystalline ice at the same conditions. The creep data and associated microstructural observations demonstrate, however, that the aggregates are additionally more brittle than pure ice, approaching rate-independent plasticity that includes rupture of the hydrate phase at 6-8 MPa, depending on the scale of the microstructure. Microstructures of deformed samples reveal forms of semibrittle flow in which the hydrate phase fractures while the ice phase deforms plastically. Semibrittle flow in the icy shell of a planetary body would truncate the lithospheric strength envelope and thereby decrease the depth to the brittle-ductile transition by 55% and reduce the failure limit for compressional surface features from 10 to ???6 MPa. A constitutive equation that includes eutectic colony boundary sliding and intracolony flow is used to describe the steady state rheology of the eutectic aggregates. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003689","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, C., Cooper, R., Goldsby, D., Durham, W., and Kirby, S.H., 2011, Transient and steady state creep response of ice I and magnesium sulfate hydrate eutectic aggregates: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003689.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475381,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d88w3rrk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003689"},{"id":242269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6f7e4b08c986b326f89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, C.","contributorId":68112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.F.","contributorId":77740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldsby, D.L.","contributorId":84107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsby","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033875,"text":"70033875 - 2011 - Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033875","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity","docAbstract":"How best to predict the effects of perturbations to ecological communities has been a long-standing goal for both applied and basic ecology. This quest has recently been revived by new empirical data, new analysis methods, and increased computing speed, with the promise that ecologically important insights may be obtainable from a limited knowledge of community interactions. We use empirically based and simulated networks of varying size and connectance to assess two limitations to predicting perturbation responses in multispecies communities: (1) the inaccuracy by which species interaction strengths are empirically quantified and (2) the indeterminacy of species responses due to indirect effects associated with network size and structure. We find that even modest levels of species richness and connectance (??25 pairwise interactions) impose high requirements for interaction strength estimates because system indeterminacy rapidly overwhelms predictive insights. Nevertheless, even poorly estimated interaction strengths provide greater average predictive certainty than an approach that uses only the sign of each interaction. Our simulations provide guidance in dealing with the trade-offs involved in maximizing the utility of network approaches for predicting dynamics in multispecies communities. ?? 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/10-1354.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Novak, M., Wootton, J., Doak, D., Emmerson, M., Estes, J.A., and Tinker, M.T., 2011, Predicting community responses to perturbations in the face of imperfect knowledge and network complexity: Ecology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 836-846, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1.","startPage":"836","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1354.1"},{"id":242237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81b1e4b0c8380cd7b699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novak, M.","contributorId":6248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wootton, J.T.","contributorId":60460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wootton","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doak, D.F.","contributorId":39729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Emmerson, M.","contributorId":18591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmerson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. T. 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":54152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70033873,"text":"70033873 - 2011 - Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T10:26:01","indexId":"70033873","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon","docAbstract":"Fecundity is a vital population characteristic that is directly linked to the productivity of fish populations. Historic data from Yukon River (Alaska) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha suggest that length‐adjusted fecundity differs among populations within the drainage and either is temporally variable or has declined. Yukon River Chinook salmon have been harvested in large‐mesh gill‐net fisheries for decades, and a decline in fecundity was considered a potential evolutionary response to size‐selective exploitation. The implications for fishery conservation and management led us to further investigate the fecundity of Yukon River Chinook salmon populations. Matched observations of fecundity, length, and genotype were collected from a sample of adult females captured from the multipopulation spawning migration near the mouth of the Yukon River in 2008. These data were modeled by using a new mixture model, which was developed by extending the conditional maximum likelihood mixture model that is commonly used to estimate the composition of multipopulation mixtures based on genetic data. The new model facilitates maximum likelihood estimation of stock‐specific fecundity parameters without first using individual assignment to a putative population of origin, thus avoiding potential biases caused by assignment error. The hypothesis that fecundity of Chinook salmon has declined was not supported; this result implies that fecundity exhibits high interannual variability. However, length‐adjusted fecundity estimates decreased as migratory distance increased, and fecundity was more strongly dependent on fish size for populations spawning in the middle and upper portions of the drainage. These findings provide insights into potential constraints on reproductive investment imposed by long migrations and warrant consideration in fisheries management and conservation. The new mixture model extends the utility of genetic markers to new applications and can be easily adapted to study any observable trait or condition that may vary among populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.558776","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Bromaghin, J.F., Evenson, D., McLain, T., and Flannery, B.G., 2011, Using a genetic mixture model to study phenotypic traits: Differential fecundity among Yukon river Chinook Salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 2, p. 235-249, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.558776"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc021e4b08c986b329f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, D.F.","contributorId":104356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLain, T.H.","contributorId":15899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannery, Blair G.","contributorId":95675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannery","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034591,"text":"70034591 - 2011 - Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T16:30:06.196186","indexId":"70034591","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective","docAbstract":"During the twentieth century, several methods to assess the stability of slopes during earthquakes were developed. Pseudostatic analysis was the earliest method; it involved simply adding a permanent body force representing the earthquake shaking to a static limit-equilibrium analysis. Stress-deformation analysis, a later development, involved much more complex modeling of slopes using a mesh in which the internal stresses and strains within elements are computed based on the applied external loads, including gravity and seismic loads. Stress-deformation analysis provided the most realistic model of slope behavior, but it is very complex and requires a high density of high-quality soil-property data as well as an accurate model of soil behavior. In 1965, Newmark developed a method that effectively bridges the gap between these two types of analysis. His sliding-block model is easy to apply and provides a useful index of co-seismic slope performance. Subsequent modifications to sliding-block analysis have made it applicable to a wider range of landslide types. Sliding-block analysis provides perhaps the greatest utility of all the types of analysis. It is far easier to apply than stress-deformation analysis, and it yields much more useful information than does pseudostatic analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.017","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., 2011, Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective: Engineering Geology, v. 122, no. 1-2, p. 43-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.017.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215562,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.017"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55a0e4b0c8380cd6d24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70033866,"text":"70033866 - 2011 - Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:55:05","indexId":"70033866","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping","docAbstract":"In this paper, we propose a least-squares-based method for multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry that allows one to estimate deformations without the need of phase unwrapping. The method utilizes a series of multimaster wrapped differential interferograms with short baselines and focuses on arcs at which there are no phase ambiguities. An outlier detector is used to identify and remove the arcs with phase ambiguities, and a pseudoinverse of the variance-covariance matrix is used as the weight matrix of the correlated observations. The deformation rates at coherent points are estimated with a least squares model constrained by reference points. The proposed approach is verified with a set of simulated data.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Zhang, L., Ding, X., and Lu, Z., 2011, Modeling PSInSAR time series without phase unwrapping: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 1, p. 547-556, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2052625"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bcbe4b0c8380cd6f7e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ding, X.","contributorId":49990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034598,"text":"70034598 - 2011 - A short note on ground-motion recordings from the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and ground-motion prediction equations in the Central and Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034598","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A short note on ground-motion recordings from the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and ground-motion prediction equations in the Central and Eastern United States","docAbstract":"The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M 7.9) occurred along the western edge of the eastern China SCR and was well recorded by modern strong-motion instruments: 93 strong-motion stations within 1.4 to 300 km rupture distance recorded the main event. Preliminary comparisons show some similarities between ground-motion attenuation in the Wenchuan region and the central and eastern United States, suggesting that ground motions from the Wenchuan earthquake could be used as a database providing constraints for developing GMPEs for large earthquakes in the central and eastern United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.5.731","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Wang, Z., and Lu, M., 2011, A short note on ground-motion recordings from the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake and ground-motion prediction equations in the Central and Eastern United States: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 5, p. 731-734, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.5.731.","startPage":"731","endPage":"734","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.5.731"}],"volume":"82","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e588e4b0c8380cd46dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, M.","contributorId":19800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035272,"text":"70035272 - 2011 - Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T12:35:24.696834","indexId":"70035272","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods","docAbstract":"Tsunami source is the origin of the subsequent transoceanic water waves, and thus the most critical component in modern tsunami forecast methodology. Although impractical to be quantified directly, a tsunami source can be estimated by different methods based on a variety of measurements provided by deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some in real time, some in post real-time. Here we assess these different sources of the devastating March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami by model-data comparison for generation, propagation and inundation in the near field of Japan. This study provides a comparative study to further understand the advantages and shortcomings of different methods that may be potentially used in real-time warning and forecast of tsunami hazards, especially in the near field. The model study also highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements for high-quality tsunami forecast, and its combination with land GPS measurements may lead to better understanding of both the earthquake mechanisms and tsunami generation process.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"MTS/IEEE Kona Conference, OCEANS'11","conferenceDate":"September 19-22, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Kona, HI","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107294","isbn":"9781457714276","usgsCitation":"Wei, Y., Titov, V., Newman, A., Hayes, G., Tang, L., and Chamberlin, C., 2011, Near-field hazard assessment of March 11, 2011 Japan Tsunami sources inferred from different methods, in OCEANS'11 - MTS/IEEE Kona, Program Book, Kona, HI, September 19-22, 2011, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2011.6107294.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[134.63843,34.14923],[134.76638,33.80633],[134.20342,33.20118],[133.79295,33.52199],[133.28027,33.28957],[133.01486,32.70457],[132.36311,32.98938],[132.37118,33.46364],[132.92437,34.0603],[133.49297,33.94462],[133.90411,34.36493],[134.63843,34.14923]]],[[[140.97639,37.14207],[140.59977,36.34398],[140.77407,35.84288],[140.25328,35.13811],[138.97553,34.6676],[137.2176,34.60629],[135.79298,33.46481],[135.12098,33.84907],[135.07943,34.59654],[133.34032,34.37594],[132.15677,33.90493],[130.98614,33.88576],[132.00004,33.14999],[131.33279,31.45035],[130.68632,31.02958],[130.20242,31.41824],[130.44768,32.31947],[129.81469,32.61031],[129.40846,33.29606],[130.35394,33.60415],[130.87845,34.23274],[131.88423,34.74971],[132.61767,35.43339],[134.6083,35.73162],[135.67754,35.52713],[136.72383,37.30498],[137.39061,36.82739],[138.8576,37.82748],[139.4264,38.21596],[140.05479,39.43881],[139.88338,40.56331],[140.30578,41.19501],[141.36897,41.37856],[141.91426,39.99162],[141.8846,39.18086],[140.95949,38.174],[140.97639,37.14207]]],[[[143.91016,44.1741],[144.61343,43.96088],[145.32083,44.38473],[145.54314,43.26209],[144.05966,42.98836],[143.18385,41.99521],[141.61149,42.67879],[141.06729,41.58459],[139.95511,41.56956],[139.81754,42.56376],[140.31209,43.33327],[141.38055,43.38882],[141.67195,44.77213],[141.96764,45.55148],[143.14287,44.51036],[143.91016,44.1741]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Japan\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63dee4b0c8380cd72749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, Y.","contributorId":9502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titov, V.V.","contributorId":48752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titov","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newman, A.","contributorId":32791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, G.","contributorId":81349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Liujuan","contributorId":34045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Liujuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chamberlin, C.","contributorId":76197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034601,"text":"70034601 - 2011 - Demographic and genetic status of an isolated population of bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii): Implications for managing small populations of long-lived animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T11:55:40.038277","indexId":"70034601","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic and genetic status of an isolated population of bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii): Implications for managing small populations of long-lived animals","docAbstract":"In this study, we sought to determine the population stability and genetic diversity of one isolated population of the federally-threatened bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) in North Carolina. Using capture–recapture data, we estimated adult survival and population growth rate from 1992 to 2007. We found that the population decreased from an estimated 36 adult turtles in 1994 to approximately 11 adult turtles in 2007. We found a constant adult survival of 0.893 (SE = 0.018, 95% confidence interval, 0.853–0.924) between 1992 and 2007. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we compared the genetic status of this population with five other bog turtle populations. The target population displayed allelic richness (4.8 ± 0.5) and observed heterozygosity (0.619 ± 0.064) within the range of the other bog turtle populations. Coalescent analysis of population growth rate, effective population size, and timing of population structuring event also indicated the genetics of the target population were comparable to the other populations studied. Estimates of effective population size were a proportion of the census size in all populations except the target population, in which the effective population size was larger than the census size (30 turtles vs. 11 turtles). We attribute the high genetic diversity in the target population to the presence of multiple generations of old turtles. This study illustrates that the demographic status of populations of long-lived species may not be reflected genetically if a decline occurred recently. Consequently, the genetic integrity of populations of long-lived animals experiencing rapid demographic bottlenecks may be preserved through conservation efforts effective in addressing demographic problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-011-0257-2","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Pittman, S.E., King, T., Faurby, S., and Dorcas, M., 2011, Demographic and genetic status of an isolated population of bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii): Implications for managing small populations of long-lived animals: Conservation Genetics, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1589-1601, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-011-0257-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1589","endPage":"1601","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe7ee4b0c8380cd4ed60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pittman, Shannon E.","contributorId":22169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pittman","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faurby, S.","contributorId":95291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faurby","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorcas, M.E.","contributorId":34310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorcas","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033781,"text":"70033781 - 2011 - Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-12T11:35:03","indexId":"70033781","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands","docAbstract":"Climate change has increased the area affected by forest fires each year in boreal North America. Increases in burned area and fire frequency are expected to stimulate boreal carbon losses. However, the impact of wildfires on carbon emissions is also affected by the severity of burning. How climate change influences the severity of biomass burning has proved difficult to assess. Here, we examined the depth of ground-layer combustion in 178 sites dominated by black spruce in Alaska, using data collected from 31 fire events between 1983 and 2005. We show that the depth of burning increased as the fire season progressed when the annual area burned was small. However, deep burning occurred throughout the fire season when the annual area burned was large. Depth of burning increased late in the fire season in upland forests, but not in peatland and permafrost sites. Simulations of wildfire-induced carbon losses from Alaskan black spruce stands over the past 60 years suggest that ground-layer combustion has accelerated regional carbon losses over the past decade, owing to increases in burn area and late-season burning. As a result, soils in these black spruce stands have become a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, with carbon emissions far exceeding decadal uptake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1027","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Turetsky, M., Kane, E., Harden, J., Ottmar, R., Manies, K., Hoy, E., and Kasischke, E., 2011, Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands: Nature Geoscience, v. 4, no. 1, p. 27-31, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1027.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1027"},{"id":242200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95d6e4b0c8380cd81c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kane, E.S.","contributorId":42275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottmar, R.D.","contributorId":72603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottmar","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoy, E.","contributorId":40439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kasischke, E.S.","contributorId":61201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034376,"text":"70034376 - 2011 - Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:04:15.361576","indexId":"70034376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","docAbstract":"Two methods are compared for estimating the shape parameters of Pareto field-size (or pool-size) distributions for petroleum resource assessment. Both methods assume mature exploration in which most of the larger fields have been discovered. Both methods use the sizes of larger discovered fields to estimate the numbers and sizes of smaller fields: (1) the tail-truncated method uses a plot of field size versus size rank, and (2) the log–geometric method uses data binned in field-size classes and the ratios of adjacent bin counts. Simulation experiments were conducted using discovered oil and gas pool-size distributions from four petroleum systems in Alberta, Canada and using Pareto distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of the shape parameters of the Pareto distributions, calculated by both the tail-truncated and log–geometric methods, generally stabilize where discovered pool numbers are greater than 100. However, with fewer than 100 discoveries, these estimates can vary greatly with each new discovery. The estimated shape parameters of the tail-truncated method are more stable and larger than those of the log–geometric method where the number of discovered pools is more than 100. Both methods, however, tend to underestimate the shape parameter. Monte Carlo simulation was also used to create sequences of discovered pool sizes by sampling from a Pareto distribution with a discovery process model using a defined exploration efficiency (in order to show how biased the sampling was in favor of larger fields being discovered first). A higher (more biased) exploration efficiency gives better estimates of the Pareto shape parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Liu, C., Charpentier, R., and Su, J., 2011, Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 7, p. 847-859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"859","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f848e4b0c8380cd4cfc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Su, J.","contributorId":39187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036076,"text":"70036076 - 2011 - Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T21:09:59.046297","indexId":"70036076","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire","docAbstract":"Studies of the distribution of elusive forest wildlife have suffered from the confounding of true presence with the uncertainty of detection. Occupancy modeling, which incorporates probabilities of species detection conditional on presence, is an emerging approach for reducing observation bias. However, the current likelihood modeling framework is restrictive for handling unexplained sources of variation in the response that may occur when there are dependence structures such as smaller sampling units that are nested within larger sampling units. We used multilevel Bayesian occupancy modeling to handle dependence structures and to partition sources of variation in occupancy of sites by terrestrial salamanders (family Plethodontidae) within and surrounding an earlier wildfire in western Oregon, USA. Comparison of model fit favored a spatial N‐mixture model that accounted for variation in salamander abundance over models that were based on binary detection/non‐detection data. Though catch per unit effort was higher in burned areas than unburned, there was strong support that this pattern was due to a higher probability of capture for individuals in burned plots. Within the burn, the odds of capturing an individual given it was present were 2.06 times the odds outside the burn, reflecting reduced complexity of ground cover in the burn. There was weak support that true occupancy was lower within the burned area. While the odds of occupancy in the burn were 0.49 times the odds outside the burn among the five species, the magnitude of variation attributed to the burn was small in comparison to variation attributed to other landscape variables and to unexplained, spatially autocorrelated random variation. While ordinary occupancy models may separate the biological pattern of interest from variation in detection probability when all sources of variation are known, the addition of random effects structures for unexplained sources of variation in occupancy and detection probability may often more appropriately represent levels of uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/10-0322.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N., Adams, M.J., Bailey, L., and Bury, R.B., 2011, Using multilevel spatial models to understand salamander site occupancy patterns after wildfire: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 408-421, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0322.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"421","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NP23CB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Terrestrial salamander captures after the 2003 Clark Fire, Willamette National Forest, OR"},{"id":246389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc076e4b08c986b32a137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan 0000-0003-0944-9165 nchelgren@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":3134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"nchelgren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L.","contributorId":93183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036073,"text":"70036073 - 2011 - Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T22:01:42.739416","indexId":"70036073","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222","docAbstract":"In order to evaluate groundwater discharge into small lakes we constructed a model that is based on the budget of 222Rn (radon, t1/2=3.8 d) as a tracer. The main assumptions in our model are that the lake's waters are well‐mixed horizontally and vertically; the only significant 222Rn source is via groundwater discharge; and the only losses are due to decay and atmospheric evasion. In order to evaluate the groundwater‐derived 222Rn flux, we monitored the 222Rn concentration in lake water over periods long enough (usually 1–3 d) to observe changes likely caused by variations in atmospheric exchange (primarily a function of wind speed and temperature). We then attempt to reproduce the observed record by accounting for decay and atmospheric losses and by estimating the total 222Rn input flux using an iterative approach. Our methodology was tested in two lakes in central Florida: one of which is thought to have significant groundwater inputs (Lake Haines) and another that is known not to have any groundwater inflows but requires daily groundwater augmentation from a deep aquifer (Round Lake). Model results were consistent with independent seepage meter data at both Lake Haines (positive seepage of ∼ 1.6 × 104 m3 d−1 in Mar 2008) and at Round Lake (no net groundwater seepage)
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Dimova, N.T., and Burnett, W.C., 2011, Evaluation of groundwater discharge into small lakes based on the temporal distribution of radon-222: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 56, no. 2, p. 486-494, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"494","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.2.0486","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c85e4b0c8380cd52ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dimova, N. T.","contributorId":30080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034331,"text":"70034331 - 2011 - Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:47:54","indexId":"70034331","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures","docAbstract":"A draft update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for ammonia substantially lowers the ammonia AWQC, primarily due to the inclusion of toxicity data for freshwater mussels. However, most of the mussel data used in the updated AWQC were generated from water-only exposures and limited information is available on the potential influence of the presence of a substrate on the response of mussels in laboratory toxicity tests. Our recent study demonstrated that the acute sensitivity of mussels to ammonia was not influenced by the presence of substrate in 4-d laboratory toxicity tests. The objective of the current study was to determine the sensitivity of mussels to ammonia in chronic 28-d water exposures with the sediment present (sediment treatment) or absent (water-only treatment). The chronic toxicity test was conducted starting with two-month-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in a flow-through diluter system, which maintained consistent pH (???8.3) and six concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (N) in overlying water and in sediment pore water. The chronic value (ChV, geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) was 0.36mgN/L for survival or biomass in the water-only treatment, and was 0.66mgN/L for survival and 0.20mgN/L for biomass in the sediment treatment. The 20% effect concentration (EC20) for survival was 0.63mgN/L in the water-only treatment and was 0.86mgN/L in the sediment treatment (with overlapping 95% confidence intervals; no EC20 for biomass was estimated because the data did not meet the conditions for any logistic regression analysis). The similar ChVs or EC20s between the water-only treatment and the sediment treatment indicate that the presence of sediment did not substantially influence the sensitivity of juvenile mussels to ammonia in the 28-d chronic laboratory water exposures. ?? 2011 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.616","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Consbrock, R., Ingersoll, C., and Barnhart, M., 2011, Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 10, p. 2270-2276, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.616.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2270","endPage":"2276","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.616"}],"volume":"30","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8ae4b0c8380cd52bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Consbrock, R.A.","contributorId":81721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Consbrock","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034522,"text":"70034522 - 2011 - Time-lapse three-dimensional inversion of complex conductivity data using an active time constrained (ATC) approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T16:04:54.788454","indexId":"70034522","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse three-dimensional inversion of complex conductivity data using an active time constrained (ATC) approach","docAbstract":"Induced polarization (more precisely the magnitude and phase of impedance of the subsurface) is measured using a network of electrodes located at the ground surface or in boreholes. This method yields important information related to the distribution of permeability and contaminants in the shallow subsurface. We propose a new time-lapse 3-D modelling and inversion algorithm to image the evolution of complex conductivity over time. We discretize the subsurface using hexahedron cells. Each cell is assigned a complex resistivity or conductivity value. Using the finite-element approach, we model the in-phase and out-of-phase (quadrature) electrical potentials on the 3-D grid, which are then transformed into apparent complex resistivity. Inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions are used at the boundary of the domain. The calculation of the Jacobian matrix is based on the principles of reciprocity. The goal of time-lapse inversion is to determine the change in the complex resistivity of each cell of the spatial grid as a function of time. Each model along the time axis is called a ‘reference space model’. This approach can be simplified into an inverse problem looking for the optimum of several reference space models using the approximation that the material properties vary linearly in time between two subsequent reference models. Regularizations in both space domain and time domain reduce inversion artefacts and improve the stability of the inversion problem. In addition, the use of the time-lapse equations allows the simultaneous inversion of data obtained at different times in just one inversion step (4-D inversion). The advantages of this new inversion algorithm are demonstrated on synthetic time-lapse data resulting from the simulation of a salt tracer test in a heterogeneous random material described by an anisotropic semi-variogram.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05156.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Karaoulis, M., Revil, A., Werkema, D., Minsley, B., Woodruff, W., and Kemna, A., 2011, Time-lapse three-dimensional inversion of complex conductivity data using an active time constrained (ATC) approach: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, no. 1, p. 237-251, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05156.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475212,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-00680765","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05156.x"}],"volume":"187","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3c8e4b08c986b325fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karaoulis, M.","contributorId":77762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karaoulis","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Revil, A.","contributorId":49627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revil","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werkema, D.D.","contributorId":60021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werkema","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodruff, W.F.","contributorId":49628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kemna, A.","contributorId":72223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemna","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70036047,"text":"70036047 - 2011 - Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T19:27:08.822347","indexId":"70036047","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"The BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was an integral part of an ongoing project to determine the future energy resource potential of gas hydrates on the Alaska North Slope. As part of this effort, the Mount Elbert well included an advanced downhole geophysical logging program. Because gas hydrate is unstable at ground surface pressure and temperature conditions, a major emphasis was placed on the downhole-logging program to determine the occurrence of gas hydrates and the in-situ physical properties of the sediments. In support of this effort, well-log and core data montages have been compiled which include downhole log and core-data obtained from the gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in the Mount Elbert well. Also shown are numerous reservoir parameters, including gas-hydrate saturation and sediment porosity log traces calculated from available downhole well log and core data.
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