The primary borate minerals in nonmarine bedded borate deposits - those of the playa type, and their deformed derivatives - are the high hydrates. Both field and laboratory data indicate that the high hydrates are the borate minerals that form stable phases at the lowest temperatures: under the surface conditions of playas. From a study of hand specimens of borate minerals from the new Turkish borate deposits, Meixner suggested that the borate minerals having the lowest specific gravity, and hence, highest water content, are the primary minerals. The role of temperature in the formation of the hydrous borates is shown by solid phases in the system Na 2 B 4 O 7 -H 2 O. As temperature increases, hydration of the solid phase decreases successively from borax (10H 2 O) through tincalconite (5H 2 O), kernite (4H 2 O), to metakernite (2H 2 O). This suggests that in the temp- erature ranges considered in the present paper - those of playas - the high hydrate (borax) is the one most likely to form as the primary mineral in nature. Studies of the Ca, Mg, and Ca-Na hydrous borate systems suggest that the same statement holds in these systems. Until recently, only borax and ulexite (Na 2 O . 2CaO . 5B 2 O 3 . 16H 2 O) have been known as primary minerals of playa deposits. However, inderite (2MgO . 3B 2 O 3 . 15H 2 O) has recently been found as a primary mineral I 5i in Argentina and primary inyoite (2CaO . 3B 2 O 3 . 13H 2 O) has been found in Peru. These 4 minerals are the high hydrates of their respective mineral series. None of the lower hydrates are known as primary minerals in nonmarine bedded deposits. On burial and deformation of the primary minerals, the changes in temperatures and pressures are almost certainly in such a direction as to encourage minerals of higher density and lower hydration to become stable phases. Field evidence bears this out; in all deformed deposits secondary minerals of low hydration are quantitatively important.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.495","usgsCitation":"Muessig, S.J., 1959, Primary borates in playa deposits: Minerals of high hydration: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 495-501, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.495.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"501","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muessig, Siegfried J.","contributorId":55495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muessig","given":"Siegfried","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211609,"text":"70211609 - 1959 - The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:23:13.211096","indexId":"70211609","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T12:14:36","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of the geology and ground-water conditions in a part of southwestern Long Island, including the construction of 8 deep and 5 shallow test and observation wells, has been completed by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works and the New York State Water Power and Control Commission.
In this area are four main water-bearing units of Late Cretaceous and Pleistocene age. Ground water having a higher than normal salt content is encountered in some wells that penetrate the upper three units. Although the presence of this water constitutes a potential threat, existing fresh-water supplies apparently are in little immediate danger under present conditions.
The \"salty\" ground water has chloride concentrations ranging from about 40 to 18,000 ppm (parts per million), generally more than about 2,000 ppm. It occurs in several bodies, seaward of and beneath the fresh water in the respective aquifers, and is in contact with the fresh water through zones of diffusion. The largest salt-water body, confined under artesian pressure, is in the Jameco gravel and the Magothy (?) formation beneath extreme southwestern Nassau County and adjoining southeastern Queens County. This body is thought to have occupied a substantial part of its present extent since at least 1895. It probably has been and is now encroaching, very slowly, because of increased pumping from the fresh-water bodies and possibly as a result of a postglacial rise of sea level. The rate of encroachment under present conditions probably is less than 100 feet per year.
Application of the Ghyben-Herzberg principle to compute depths to the contact between salty and fresh ground water was found to give erroneous results. More accurate depths and a clearer understanding of the relation between heads in adjoining bodies of fresh and salty ground water are obtained by use of a formula adapted from one given by M. King Hubbert.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.416","usgsCitation":"Perlmutter, N., Geraghty, J.J., and Upson, J., 1959, The relation between fresh and salty ground water in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens counties, Long Island, New York: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 416-435, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.416.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"435","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County, Queens County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.551374198715166\n ],\n [\n -73.2623291015625,\n 40.551374198715166\n ],\n [\n -73.2623291015625,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -73.8775634765625,\n 40.551374198715166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perlmutter, Nathaniel M.","contributorId":32139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlmutter","given":"Nathaniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geraghty, J. J.","contributorId":74738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geraghty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Upson, J. E.","contributorId":49342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Upson","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211608,"text":"70211608 - 1959 - Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the slick rock district, San Miguel and Dolores counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:24:39.206652","indexId":"70211608","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T11:45:16","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the slick rock district, San Miguel and Dolores counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Sedimentary rocks known in the Slick Rock district in southwestern Colorado range in age from Devonian (?) to Cretaceous, and aggregate about 13,000 feet in maximum thickness. Important uranium-vanadium production has come from deposits in the Salt Wash member of the Morrison formation of Late Jurassic age.
The sedimentary rocks are gently folded in the Dolores and Glade anticlines and the Disappointment syncline, and are cut by the Dolores fault zone in the north part of the district and by the Glade fault zone in the south part of the district. Principal fracture sets are oriented approximately parallel to the major faults.
Detrital hematite, magnetite, and ilmenite in rocks of the Morrison formation not affected by epigenetic alteration contain appreciable amounts of several of the elements found in the ore deposits. Epigenetic alteration processes have bleached large volumes of rock and largely destroyed these minerals. Such alteration is spatially associated with the Dolores fault zone.
Most of the known ore deposits are in the north part of the Slick Rock district in a belt called the Dolores ore zone. The zone lies along the Dolores fault zone but is wider than the fault zone. All known deposits are associated with abundant carbonaceous plant material. Uranium-vanadium deposits in the district are chiefly tabular to lenticular and are roughly parallel to the sedimentary bedding. Some ore bodies, however, are narrow, elongate, and curve sharply across bedding; these bodies have been called \"rolls\" by the miners. Mineral zoning is evident in some roll bodies; carbonates, goethite (altered from pyrite), selenides, and sulfides are commonly found in concentric layers at the concave edge of rolls. This zoning, and the relationship of roll ore bodies to sedimentary structures and lithology, suggest that ore was deposited at an interface between two solutions, possibly cool connate water and a warmer ore solution.
On a district scale, copper and lead are distinctly most abundant in the ore deposits within and immediately adjacent to the Dolores fault zone, and less abundant in deposits toward the edge of the zone. Uranium-vanadium deposits in the district occur only in sandstone that is considered to be epigenetically altered, and the most extensive epigenetic changes have occurred close to ore bodies.
It is concluded that ground water, heated and set into circulation near the end of Cretaceous time by igneous intrusions in the La Sal and other centers on the Colorado Plateau, picked up elements from sedimentary rocks where they had been faulted and fractured, and deposited the elements at solution interfaces where accumulations of carbonaceous material provided favorable chemical conditions for precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.395","usgsCitation":"Shawe, D., Archbold, N.L., and Simmons, G.C., 1959, Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the slick rock district, San Miguel and Dolores counties, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 3, p. 395-415, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.3.395.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"415","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Dolores County, San Miguel County","otherGeospatial":"Slick Rock District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -108.424072265625,\n 37.25656608611523\n ],\n [\n -108.424072265625,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -109.610595703125,\n 37.25656608611523\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shawe, D. R.","contributorId":48819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawe","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archbold, Norbert L.","contributorId":64714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archbold","given":"Norbert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, G. C.","contributorId":82737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211607,"text":"70211607 - 1959 - Ground-water provinces of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:27:10.150024","indexId":"70211607","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T11:27:24","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water provinces of India","docAbstract":"This paper gives a general resume of ground-water utilization and development and describes the occurrence of water in eight ground-water provinces of India. The paper is based in part on observations of the writer during 1951-55 and in part on earlier work of the Geological Survey of India. Ground water has been utilized extensively in India since before the beginning of the Christian era. Currently (1956) ground water is an important source of supply for domestic, stock, municipal, and industrial needs throughout the Republic and is widely used for irrigation in the Peninsular and Ganges-Brahmaputra regions west of longitude 85°. Dug, bored, and drilled wells are the principal means by which ground water is developed, although locally infiltration tunnels or improved springs are used. Methods of lifting or pumping water from wells include the hand line and bucket, the hand-lift pump, the counterpoised sweep, bullocks, and \"mote,\" the water wheel, horizontal and vertical centrifugal pumps, and deep-well turbine pumps. The most common device for lifting water for irrigation is still the time-honored bullock and \"mote\" (leather bag). However, in modern India there is increasing use of mechanical pumps. With respect to the occurrence of ground water, India can be divided into eight provinces, lying in three major regions, (1) the Peninsular region, (2) the Ganges-Brahmaputra region, and (3) the Himalayan region. The Peninsular region contains six ground-water provinces. Precambrian igneous, metamorphic, and indurated sedimentary rocks and early Tertiary volcanic rocks in three of these provinces yield many small supplies of water, which generally is of good quality but locally is brackish or salty. Cretaceous water-bearing sandstones in another province are moderately productive and in places are developed for large water supplies. Late Tertiary and Quaternary water-bearing sands and gravels in two other provinces sustain many small water supplies and several large water supplies-particularly in the coastal areas of southern India. The Ganges-Brahmaputra region is a single ground-water province in which many tens of thousands of small water supplies and several thousand large supplies are obtained from water-bearing sands and gravels in late Tertiary and Quaternary alluvium. This province constitutes a vast groundwater reservoir, which is the most productive in India. The Himalayan region also is considered as a single province, in which ground water occurs in a series of narrow valleys filled with moderately to highly permeable Quaternary alluvium. These alluvial valleys transmit large quantities of water to the ground-water reservoir in the Ganges-Brahmaputra region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.4.683","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., 1959, Ground-water provinces of India: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 683-697, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.4.683.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"697","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C.","contributorId":45693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211606,"text":"70211606 - 1959 - Plastic standards for geochemical prospecting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-05T14:29:17.758343","indexId":"70211606","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-04T11:12:02","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plastic standards for geochemical prospecting","docAbstract":"Plastic standards for use in geochemical prospecting have been prepared by impregnating a clear thermosetting resin with different amounts of a stable dye or colored metal complex. The colored plastic is molded or subsequently milled into convenient shapes to form standards that are less bulky and more stable than the liquid standards conventionally used in rapid field methods. The use of such standards is limited only by the availability of stable coloring materials. The preparation of plastic standards for use with copper, zinc, tin, and mercury field procedures is described.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.4.738","usgsCitation":"Hawkins, D.B., Canney, F., and Ward, F.N., 1959, Plastic standards for geochemical prospecting: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 738-744, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.4.738.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"738","endPage":"744","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkins, D. B.","contributorId":43366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canney, F. C.","contributorId":24790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canney","given":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, F. N.","contributorId":96254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":37825,"text":"37825 - 1959 - Fur catch in the United States, 1958","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:33:27","indexId":"37825","displayToPublicDate":"1959-08-01T10:32:53","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"410","title":"Fur catch in the United States, 1958","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1959, Fur catch in the United States, 1958 (Revised from Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 410, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revised from Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd2a0e4b0824b2d176bcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010689,"text":"70010689 - 1959 - Fault zone along northern boundary of western Snake River Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-27T16:02:11.387664","indexId":"70010689","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault zone along northern boundary of western Snake River Plain","docAbstract":"Gravity, seismic, and geologic studies indicate that at least 9000 ft of aggregate throw along a zone of northwest-trending, high-angle faults has displaced the western Snake River Plain downward relative to highlands on the north. At least 5000 ft of movement occurred between the early and middle Pliocene. Progressively diminishing movement since then amounts to 4000 ft.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.130.3370.272","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Malde, H., 1959, Fault zone along northern boundary of western Snake River Plain: Science, v. 130, no. 3370, p. 272-272, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.130.3370.272.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"western Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.38751232609216,\n 46.65377616261918\n ],\n [\n -117.38751232609216,\n 45.06149800205998\n ],\n [\n -115.50066510454177,\n 45.06149800205998\n ],\n [\n -115.50066510454177,\n 46.65377616261918\n ],\n [\n -117.38751232609216,\n 46.65377616261918\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"3370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ee4b0c8380cd53799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malde, H.E.","contributorId":65863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malde","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211566,"text":"70211566 - 1959 - Amygdule mineral zoning in the Portage Lake lava series, Michigan copper district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-31T13:33:57.228155","indexId":"70211566","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T15:22:51","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amygdule mineral zoning in the Portage Lake lava series, Michigan copper district","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.8.1444","usgsCitation":"Stoiber, R., and Davidson, E., 1959, Amygdule mineral zoning in the Portage Lake lava series, Michigan copper district: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 1444-1460, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.8.1444.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1444","endPage":"1460","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Portage Lake lava series","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -84.935302734375,\n 47.56911375866714\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 47.56911375866714\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.164614496897094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoiber, R.E.","contributorId":51020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoiber","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, Edward S.","contributorId":75843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Edward S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211565,"text":"70211565 - 1959 - Tritium and deuterium content of atmospheric hydrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T20:13:25.785545","indexId":"70211565","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T15:05:17","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5989,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium and deuterium content of atmospheric hydrogen","docAbstract":"The tritium and deuterium content of 24 samples of atmospheric hydrogen collected at ground level near Buffalo. N.Y. (U.S.A.). Hamburg (Germany), and Nürnberg (Germany) during 1954 to 1956 was measured.
At the beginning of 1954 the T/H-ratio was found to have been 9.18 · 10-14 i.e. about a factor of 10 higher than 1949 (FALTINGS and HARTECK) and 1951 (v. GROSSE et al.), probably due to the first explosion of a thermonuclear device in November 1952. In spite of a major test series of thermonuclear weapons in spring of 1954 (Operation CASTLE) no further increase in the tritium content was found during 1954 and 1955. It shows instead a seasonal variation with low tritium content in summer and about a threefold higher one in winter. Simultaneously, there is a good correlation between the tritium and deuterium concentrations. From 1956 on a noticeable increase in the tritium content due to more man-made HT produced or released by thermonuclear devices into the atmosphere was found, in agreement with measurements by GONSIOR. A possible explanation of the experimental results as well as a mode to test the validity of the model suggested is given.
The deuterium concentrations of the samples analysed vary between about +7 percent and –17 percent, compared to Standard Lake Michigan Water with a ratio D/H = 0.0148 ± 0.0002 mol percent. Although from these results only a correlation factor between the tritium and deuterium content of “mean atmospheric hydrogen” and not their absolute values can be derived it is obvious that atmospheric hydrogen and the water vapour of the atmosphere are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, as has been pointed out before by HARTECK and SUESS.
","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter","doi":"10.1515/zna-1959-1204","usgsCitation":"Begemann, F., and Friedman, I., 1959, Tritium and deuterium content of atmospheric hydrogen: Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung A, v. 14, no. 12, p. 1024-1031, https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1959-1204.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1024","endPage":"1031","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1959-1204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Begemann, F.","contributorId":236898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Begemann","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12534,"text":"Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211564,"text":"70211564 - 1959 - Spectrophotometric study of the magnesium-bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T19:56:08.501262","indexId":"70211564","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T14:49:40","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrophotometric study of the magnesium-bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine system","docAbstract":"Magnesium reacts with bissali-cylene-ethylenediamine in N,N′-dimethylformamide to yield a yellow complex. A spectrophotometric study was made on the reaction as used for the determination of trace amounts of magnesium. Maximum absorbance was obtained at 355 mμ when the solution contained 0.25 ml. of 0.5M isobutylamine per 25-ml. volume. A complex having a metal to ligand ratio of 1 to 1 is formed. The absorbance obeys Beer's law, and 3.8 × 10-4 γ of magnesium per ml. can be detected if a 5-cm. light path is used. A value of 13,450 liter mole-1 cm.-1 was obtained for the molar absorptivity. The procedure of analysis is simple and results show a standard deviation of less than 1%
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60156a065","usgsCitation":"Cuttitta, F., and White, C.E., 1959, Spectrophotometric study of the magnesium-bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine system: Analytical Chemistry, v. 31, no. 12, p. 2087-2090, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60156a065.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2087","endPage":"2090","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuttitta, Frank","contributorId":20731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuttitta","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, C. E.","contributorId":24915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211563,"text":"70211563 - 1959 - Fluorometric study of the magnesium—Bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine aystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T19:45:07.056622","indexId":"70211563","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T14:35:21","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorometric study of the magnesium—Bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine aystem","docAbstract":"Magnesium ions combine with bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine in slightly alkaline N,N′-dimethylformamide to form a highly fluorescent complex which serves for the determination of trace amounts of magnesium. The yellow complex fluoresces blue when irradiated with ultraviolet light. The chelate shows maximum fluorescence excitation at 355 mμ and has a fluorescence emission maximum at 439 mμ. A complex having a metal to ligand ratio of 1 to 1 is formed. The method is sensitive to 7 × 10−6μmole of magnesium per ml. The analysis of Bureau of Standards samples with the reagent showed excellent correlation between the fluorometric and spectrophotometric procedures
","language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac60156a064","usgsCitation":"White, C.E., and Cuttitta, F., 1959, Fluorometric study of the magnesium—Bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine aystem: Analytical Chemistry, v. 31, no. 12, p. 2083-2087, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60156a064.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2083","endPage":"2087","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, C. E.","contributorId":24915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cuttitta, Frank","contributorId":20731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuttitta","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211562,"text":"70211562 - 1959 - The geochemistry of rhenium, with special reference to its occurrence in molybdenite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T19:34:49.874866","indexId":"70211562","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T14:23:14","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of rhenium, with special reference to its occurrence in molybdenite","docAbstract":"Little has been added to our knowledge of the geochemistry of Re since the work of Noddack and Noddack in 1931, except that many determinations have been published of the Re content of molybdenite, the only present source. These determinations, 150 in all, have been assembled. The Re content of molybdenite ranges from none to 3,250 p.p.m. Re, and varies widely, even in samples from a single deposit. No generalizations are yet possible as to correlations of Re content with geological conditions of formation. Other possible sources of Re are considered briefly.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.54.8.1406","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, M., 1959, The geochemistry of rhenium, with special reference to its occurrence in molybdenite: Economic Geology, v. 54, no. 8, p. 1406-1413, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.54.8.1406.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1406","endPage":"1413","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1959-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Michael","contributorId":65835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211559,"text":"70211559 - 1959 - Hydrolysis of K-feldspar and mica at elevated temperatures and pressures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-04T15:54:53.889221","indexId":"70211559","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T13:59:59","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2423,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrolysis of K-feldspar and mica at elevated temperatures and pressures","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/j150572a055","usgsCitation":"Hemley, J., 1959, Hydrolysis of K-feldspar and mica at elevated temperatures and pressures: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 63, no. 2, p. 320-320, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150572a055.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"320","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemley, J.J.","contributorId":59556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70211558,"text":"70211558 - 1959 - Machine for preparing phosphors for the fluorometric determination of uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T16:15:43.240669","indexId":"70211558","displayToPublicDate":"1959-07-30T12:55:15","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Machine for preparing phosphors for the fluorometric determination of uranium","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60149a610","usgsCitation":"Stevens, R., Wood, W.H., Goetz, K.G., and Horr, C.A., 1959, Machine for preparing phosphors for the fluorometric determination of uranium: Analytical Chemistry, v. 31, no. 5, p. 962-964, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60149a610.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"962","endPage":"964","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, R.E.","contributorId":62954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W. H.","contributorId":77294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goetz, K. G.","contributorId":10680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horr, C. A.","contributorId":63940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horr","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221608,"text":"70221608 - 1959 - Some phase relations in the hydrothermally altered rocks of porphyry copper deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T13:17:42.933624","indexId":"70221608","displayToPublicDate":"1959-06-25T08:16:31","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some phase relations in the hydrothermally altered rocks of porphyry copper deposits","docAbstract":"The application of ACF and AKF diagrams to the hydrothermal alteration in porphyry Cu deposits aids in the recognition of the critical components, and the characteristic mineral phases permit the distinction of one alteration facies from another. The somewhat meager chemical and mineralogical data suggest 3 principal alteration facies, herein called the propylitic, argillic, and potassium silicate facies. The ACF diagram applies to the propylitic alteration. The critical components are Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and (FeO + MgO + MnO), and the characteristic minerals are muscovite (sericite), epidote, chlorite, and a member of the carbonate group. The AKF diagram applies to the argillic and potassium silicate facies. The critical components are Al 2 O 3 , K 2 O, and (FeO + MgO + MnO). The characteristic minerals for the argillic facies are kaolinite (or other member of the group) and muscovite (sericite); and for the potassium silicate facies, muscovite (sericite), biotite, and K-Feldspar. For the propylitic facies, insufficient chemical analyses are available to show the chemical changes between the fresh and altered rock. For the argillic and potassium silicate facies, chemical analyses indicate a loss in Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Na; and a gain in K, hydroxyl ion (water), and S. The gain in K is about 60% greater for the potassium silicate facies than for the argillic.
The foliated, papery texture of the upper third of an 18-inch coal seam in a strip mine near Rockville, Indiana, is attributable to matted plant cuticle. The cuticles of pinnules, pinnae, and rachides resemble Sphenopteris bradfordii Arnold and thus differ from the lycopsid stem cuticles of the Russian paper coal.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.129.3364.1671","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Guennel, G., and Neavel, R., 1959, Paper coal in Indiana: Science, v. 129, no. 3364, p. 1671-1672, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.129.3364.1671.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1671","endPage":"1672","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Rockville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.24760975801087,\n 39.7779434418579\n ],\n [\n -87.24760975801087,\n 39.74621855981573\n ],\n [\n -87.19840648546766,\n 39.74621855981573\n ],\n [\n -87.19840648546766,\n 39.7779434418579\n ],\n [\n -87.24760975801087,\n 39.7779434418579\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3364","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74bce4b0c8380cd777d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guennel, G.K.","contributorId":26432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guennel","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neavel, R.C.","contributorId":90867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neavel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211665,"text":"70211665 - 1959 - Rock glaciers in the Alaska Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T18:56:30.67794","indexId":"70211665","displayToPublicDate":"1959-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock glaciers in the Alaska Range","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[383:RGITAR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wahrhaftig, C., and Cox, A., 1959, Rock glaciers in the Alaska Range: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, no. 4, p. 383-436, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[383:RGITAR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 63.54855223203644\n ],\n [\n -144.228515625,\n 64.92354174306496\n ],\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 64.92354174306496\n ],\n [\n -149.58984375,\n 63.54855223203644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahrhaftig, Clyde","contributorId":102473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahrhaftig","given":"Clyde","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211664,"text":"70211664 - 1959 - Ion exchange in clays and other minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T18:00:01.917504","indexId":"70211664","displayToPublicDate":"1959-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ion exchange in clays and other minerals","docAbstract":"Ion exchange in clays and other minerals is dependent on the crystalline structure of the mineral and on the chemical composition of any solution in contact with the mineral. The structures of clay minerals and zeolites are briefly described to provide a background for the discussion of their ion-exchange reactions. Ion exchange in these minerals is a reversible chemical reaction that takes place between ions held near a mineral surface by unbalanced electrical charges within the mineral framework and ions in a solution in contact with the mineral. Generally the excess charge on the mineral is negative, and it attracts cations from the solution to neutralize this charge. The chemical reactions in ion exchange follow the law of mass action, but the reactions are restricted by the number of exchange sites on the mineral and by the strength of the bonding of the exchangeable cations to the mineral surface. Titration of H-clays with bases shows that montmorillonites and \"illites\" behave like a mixture of two or three different acids, whereas kaolinite, with an indefinite number of exchange sites, behaves like an indefinite number of acids.
Ion-exchange capacity is measured in chemical equivalents of base adsorbed at pH 7. Each clay mineral has a range of exchange capacities because of differences in structure and in chemical composition. The ranges (in milliequivalents per 100 grams) are kaolinite, 3-15; halloysite (2H2O), 5-10; halloysite (4H2O), 40-50; montmorillonite, 70-100; \"illite,\" 10-40; vermiculite, 100-150; glauconite, 11-20; attapulgite, 20-30; and allophane, 70. The common metallic cations found in exchange positions in clay minerals are Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, and K+. At low pH values H+ replaces other cations. The order of replaceability of the common cations has been found to be:
Li+< Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+ and Mg+2< Ca+2 < Sr+2< Ba+2
Bivalent cations enter the exchange sites preferentially to univalent cations. The common exchangeable cation in most clay minerals in soils is Ca+2.
Other exchange phenomena discussed are anion exchange, fixation of cations and anions by clay minerals, effect of environment on cation exchange, and the exchange capacity of zeolites, of rocks, of other minerals, of organic matter and organic complexes, and of amorphous mineral material.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[749:IEICAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Carroll, D., 1959, Ion exchange in clays and other minerals: GSA Bulletin, v. 70, p. 749-779, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[749:IEICAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"779","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, Dorothy","contributorId":38534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"Dorothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":794948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010946,"text":"70010946 - 1959 - Recent saprolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-27T16:20:48.275489","indexId":"70010946","displayToPublicDate":"1959-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent saprolite","docAbstract":"Thick saprolite has formed in northern New Jersey since the last Pleistocene glacial stage.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.129.3357.1206","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Minard, J.P., 1959, Recent saprolite: Science, v. 129, no. 3357, p. 1206-1209, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.129.3357.1206.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1206","endPage":"1209","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex County","otherGeospatial":"Cranberry Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.7580735901742,\n 40.956085611892206\n ],\n [\n -74.7580735901742,\n 40.939677758438876\n ],\n [\n -74.73355772778983,\n 40.939677758438876\n ],\n [\n -74.73355772778983,\n 40.956085611892206\n ],\n [\n -74.7580735901742,\n 40.956085611892206\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a963be4b0c8380cd81ea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minard, J. P.","contributorId":8065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37823,"text":"37823 - 1959 - 1959 address list of refuge managers.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:30:09","indexId":"37823","displayToPublicDate":"1959-05-01T10:28:46","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"408","title":"1959 address list of refuge managers.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in Branch of Wildlife Refuges.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1959, 1959 address list of refuge managers.: Wildlife Leaflet 408, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd2a0e4b0824b2d176bcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010727,"text":"70010727 - 1959 - Resources, population growth, and level of living","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-27T16:26:01.587629","indexId":"70010727","displayToPublicDate":"1959-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resources, population growth, and level of living","docAbstract":"A society's wealth depends on the use it makes of raw materials, energy, and especially ingenuity.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.129.3353.875","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., 1959, Resources, population growth, and level of living: Science, v. 129, no. 3353, p. 875-881, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.129.3353.875.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"881","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"3353","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa0ce4b0c8380cd860f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37822,"text":"37822 - 1959 - Publications on the National Wildlife Refuges, 1959","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T10:23:49","indexId":"37822","displayToPublicDate":"1959-04-01T10:20:32","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"407","title":"Publications on the National Wildlife Refuges, 1959","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1959, Publications on the National Wildlife Refuges, 1959: Wildlife Leaflet 407, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd2a1e4b0824b2d176bd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014045,"text":"1014045 - 1959 - Test of 34 therapeutic agents for control of kidney disease in trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:10:07.745017","indexId":"1014045","displayToPublicDate":"1959-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of 34 therapeutic agents for control of kidney disease in trout","docAbstract":"Sixteen strains of fish kidney disease bacterium were tested in vitro to determine their reaction to 34 therapeutic agents. On the basis of the results obtained ten of the drugs were employed in experimental therapy of kidney disease in eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Erythromycin at the rate of 100 milligrams per kilogram of fish per day (4.5 grams per 100 pounds of fish) for 21 days gave the best results. Other drugs gave only temporary benefit if any.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1959)88[117:TOTAFC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., and Dunbar, C.E., 1959, Test of 34 therapeutic agents for control of kidney disease in trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 88, no. 2, p. 117-124, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1959)88[117:TOTAFC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunbar, C. E.","contributorId":96623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013891,"text":"1013891 - 1959 - Studies on the life cycle of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamag)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:01:42.523837","indexId":"1013891","displayToPublicDate":"1959-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies on the life cycle of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamag)","docAbstract":"A tetracotyliform metacercaria was found in the musculature of the brook stickleback (Eucalia inconstans). It is characterized by a tail‐like appendage on the cyst. The adult was reared in newly hatched chicks, and proved to be Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamaguti, 1933). Attempts to infect snails, Physa, Stagnicola and Helisoma, were unsuccessful.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1959)88[96:SOTLCO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1959, Studies on the life cycle of Apatemon gracilis pellucidus (Yamag): Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 88, no. 2, p. 96-99, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1959)88[96:SOTLCO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71402,"text":"tei358 - 1959 - A Summary interpretation of geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical data for Yucca Valley, Nevada test site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T11:32:03","indexId":"tei358","displayToPublicDate":"1959-03-07T10:52:00","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"358","title":"A Summary interpretation of geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical data for Yucca Valley, Nevada test site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"This report summarizes an interpretation of the geology of Yucca Valley to depths of about 2,300 feet below the surface, the characteristics features of ground water in Yucca and Frenchman Valleys, and the seismic, gravity, and magnetic data for these valleys. Compilation of data, preparation of illustrations, and writing of the report were completed during the period December 26, 1958 to January 10, 1959. Some of the general conclusions must be considered as tentative until more data are available.
\nThis work was done by the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of Albuquerque Operations Office, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei358","collaboration":"Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Wilmarth, V.R., Healey, D., Clebsch, A., Winograd, I., Zietz, I., and Oliver, H.W., 1959, A Summary interpretation of geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical data for Yucca Valley, Nevada test site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 358, Report: 52 p.; Plate 1: 24.14 x 49.29 inches; Plate 2: 23.40 x 47.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei358.","productDescription":"Report: 52 p.; Plate 1: 24.14 x 49.29 inches; Plate 2: 23.40 x 47.80 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei358.PNG"},{"id":284559,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0358/report.pdf"},{"id":284556,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0358/figure-1.pdf"},{"id":284557,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0358/figure-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site;Yucca Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.166667,36.666667 ], [ -116.166667,37.25 ], [ -116.0,37.25 ], [ -116.0,36.666667 ], [ -116.166667,36.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53558fbde4b0120853e8bdf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmarth, Verl Richard","contributorId":72362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmarth","given":"Verl","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healey, D.L.","contributorId":52964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":284108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred Jr.","contributorId":27886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zietz, Isadore","contributorId":82223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isadore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oliver, H. W.","contributorId":85570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}