Growth and development of the King Rail (Rallus elegans) from hatching to first flight were studied by observations and measurements of captive birds and by observations of natural nests in the field. This is the fourth in a series of reports on the life history of the King Rail (Meanley 1953, 1956, and 1957). Information in this paper is intended to supplement the data of Bent (1925) on growth and development and the description of juvenal plumage given by Friedmann (1941).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4082096","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., and Meanley, A., 1958, Growth and development of the king rail: The Auk, v. 75, no. 4, p. 381-386, https://doi.org/10.2307/4082096.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"386","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4082096","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":194083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meanley, A.G.","contributorId":23642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220393,"text":"5220393 - 1958 - Post-copulatory display in fulvous and black-bellied tree ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:43:21","indexId":"5220393","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-copulatory display in fulvous and black-bellied tree ducks","docAbstract":"The courtship display of tree ducks has been characterized as simple, resembling that of the swan (Delacour, 'Waterfowl of the World', vol. 1, p. 32, London, 1954). However F. Finn ('Bird Behaviour', p. 262, London, 1919) called attention briefly to the fact that \"there is frequently a marked display after, but not before, pairing, both parties executing a step-dance in the water with one wing held aloft.\" So far as we know, this curious display has not been described in detail nor pictured.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4082073","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., and Meanley, A., 1958, Post-copulatory display in fulvous and black-bellied tree ducks: The Auk, v. 75, no. 1, p. 96-96, https://doi.org/10.2307/4082073.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4082073","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":194081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meanley, A.G.","contributorId":23642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220269,"text":"5220269 - 1958 - Harris' sparrow wintering in Montgomery County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:40","indexId":"5220269","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2687,"text":"Maryland Birdlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harris' sparrow wintering in Montgomery County, Maryland","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Maryland Birdlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1958, Harris' sparrow wintering in Montgomery County, Maryland: Maryland Birdlife, v. 14, no. 1.","productDescription":"18","startPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221311,"text":"5221311 - 1958 - Pesticides: Where do we go from here?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"5221311","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3143,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the International Association of Game, Fish and Conservation Commissioners","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides: Where do we go from here?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the International Association of Game, Fish and Conservation Commissioners","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"George, J., 1958, Pesticides: Where do we go from here?: Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the International Association of Game, Fish and Conservation Commissioners, v. 48, p. 3-6.","productDescription":"3-6","startPage":"3","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, J.L.","contributorId":64749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220383,"text":"5220383 - 1958 - Pesticide determination, determination of m-dinitrophenyl pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-02T17:32:37.597999","indexId":"5220383","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide determination, determination of m-dinitrophenyl pesticides","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/jf60085a005","usgsCitation":"Menzie, C., 1958, Pesticide determination, determination of m-dinitrophenyl pesticides: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 6, no. 3, p. 212-213, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60085a005.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6676e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menzie, C.","contributorId":37431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221314,"text":"5221314 - 1958 - Effects of chemical sprays on wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:51","indexId":"5221314","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":937,"text":"Audubon Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of chemical sprays on wildlife","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Audubon Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J., 1958, Effects of chemical sprays on wildlife: Audubon Magazine, v. 60, no. 2, p. 70-71.","productDescription":"70-71","startPage":"70","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6246a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220685,"text":"5220685 - 1958 - Calcium, phosphorus and protein levels as factors in the distribution of the pheasant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5220685","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3637,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcium, phosphorus and protein levels as factors in the distribution of the pheasant","docAbstract":"Summary of work on pheasant nutrition conducted since 1949 at the Patuxent Research Refuge. Pheasant chicks fed experimental diets failed to develop normally on protein levels of 15 and 18%. With 22% protein they grew at a reduced rate as compared to those on 28%. Protein level of the reproductive diet was shown to be important; low production of eggs and young resulted from levels below 25%. Calcium was found to be even more critical than protein level for reproduction; birds on a winter diet that furnished 145 mg./kg. per day had poor reproductive success the following spring. About 600 mg./kg. of Ca per day was necessary in the reproduction diet. Birds on an intermediate level of Ca (about 0.5% of diet) showed evidence of cumulative deficiency. It was concluded that pheasants receiving levels of Ca no higher than 0.5% in nature might display 'straggling failure' such as has been observed in several midwestern areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dale, F., and DeWitt, J., 1958, Calcium, phosphorus and protein levels as factors in the distribution of the pheasant: Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference, v. 23, p. 291-295.","productDescription":"291-295","startPage":"291","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f965b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dale, F.H.","contributorId":74473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221315,"text":"5221315 - 1958 - The function of the Fish and Wildlife Service in insect control programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-04T16:21:43.617081","indexId":"5221315","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:25","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2244,"text":"Journal of Economic Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The function of the Fish and Wildlife Service in insect control programs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jee/51.5.740a","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J., 1958, The function of the Fish and Wildlife Service in insect control programs: Journal of Economic Entomology, v. 51, no. 5, p. 740-741, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/51.5.740a.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1958-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223923,"text":"5223923 - 1958 - Notes from Dorchester County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223923","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:16","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":919,"text":"Atlantic Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes from Dorchester County, Maryland","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atlantic Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Author's name omitted from publication. 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Halloran: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 22, no. 3, p. 329-330.","productDescription":"329-330","startPage":"329","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16556,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3796478","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5ddbbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, C. 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