{"pageNumber":"686","pageRowStart":"17125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46666,"records":[{"id":70035952,"text":"70035952 - 2011 - Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T13:35:01","indexId":"70035952","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1799,"text":"Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images","docAbstract":"<p><span>Twenty-five C-band Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired from the summer of 2002 to the summer of 2005 are used to map a 2003 boreal wildfire (B346) in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska under conditions of near-persistent cloud cover. Our analysis is primarily based on the 15 SAR scenes acquired during arctic growing seasons. The Radarsat-1 intensity data are used to map the onset and progression of the fire, and interferometric coherence images are used to qualify burn severity and monitor post-fire recovery. We base our analysis of the fire on three test sites, two from within the fire and one unburned site. The B346 fire increased backscattered intensity values for the two burn study sites by approximately 5–6 dB and substantially reduced coherence from background levels of approximately 0.8 in unburned background forested areas to approximately 0.2 in the burned area. Using ancillary vegetation information from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and information on burn severity from Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) data, we conclude that burn site 2 was more severely burned than burn site 1 and that C-band interferometric coherence data are useful for mapping landscape changes due to fire. Differences in burn severity and topography are determined to be the likely reasons for the observed differences in post-fire intensity and coherence trends between burn sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19475705.2010.532971","issn":"19475705","usgsCitation":"Rykhus, R.P., and Lu, Z., 2011, Monitoring a boreal wildfire using multi-temporal Radarsat-1 intensity and coherence images: Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, v. 2, no. 1, p. 15-32, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2010.532971.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2010.532971"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d7fe4b0c8380cd703e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rykhus, Russell P.","contributorId":27337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":453283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035949,"text":"70035949 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T21:04:55.472534","indexId":"70035949","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p><span>In February 2007, BP Exploration (Alaska), the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Geological Survey completed the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well (Mount Elbert well) in the Milne Point Unit on the Alaska North Slope. The program achieved its primary goals of validating the pre-drill estimates of gas hydrate occurrence and thickness based on 3-D seismic interpretations and wireline log correlations and collecting a comprehensive suite of logging, coring, and pressure testing data. The upper section of the Mount Elbert well was drilled through the base of ice-bearing permafrost to a casing point of 594&nbsp;m (1950&nbsp;ft), approximately 15&nbsp;m (50&nbsp;ft) above the top of the targeted reservoir interval. The lower portion of the well was continuously cored from 606&nbsp;m (1987&nbsp;ft) to 760&nbsp;m (2494&nbsp;ft) and drilled to a total depth of 914&nbsp;m. Ice-bearing permafrost extends to a depth of roughly 536&nbsp;m and the base of gas hydrate stability is interpreted to extend to a depth of 870&nbsp;m. Coring through the targeted gas hydrate bearing reservoirs was completed using a wireline-retrievable system. The coring program achieved 85% recovery of 7.6&nbsp;cm (3&nbsp;in) diameter core through 154&nbsp;m (504&nbsp;ft) of the hole. An onsite team processed the cores, collecting and preserving approximately 250 sub-samples for analyses of pore water geochemistry, microbiology, gas chemistry, petrophysical analysis, and thermal and physical properties. Eleven samples were immediately transferred to either methane-charged pressure vessels or liquid nitrogen for future study of the preserved gas hydrate. Additional offsite sampling, analyses, and detailed description of the cores were also conducted. Based on this work, one lithostratigraphic unit with eight subunits was identified across the cored interval. Subunits II and Va comprise the majority of the reservoir facies and are dominantly very fine to fine, moderately sorted, quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragment-bearing to -rich sands. Lithostratigraphic and palynologic data indicate that this section is most likely early Eocene to late Paleocene in age. The examined units contain evidence for both marine and non-marine lithofacies, and indications that the depositional environment for the reservoir facies may have been shallower marine than originally interpreted based on pre-drill wireline log interpretations. There is also evidence of reduced salinity marine conditions during deposition that may be related to the paleo-climate and depositional conditions during the early Eocene.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Rose, K., Boswell, R., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Coring operations, core sedimentology, and lithostratigraphy: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 311-331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"331","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216262,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.001"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.537109375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.537109375,\n              71.44117085172385\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              71.44117085172385\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.34375,\n              67.7427590666639\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035925,"text":"70035925 - 2011 - An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T17:54:47.70701","indexId":"70035925","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags (including radio and acoustic telemetry transmitters, passive integrated transponders and archival biologgers) is frequently used for conducting studies on fish. Electronic tagging studies provide information on the spatial ecology, behavior and survival of fish in marine and freshwater systems. However, any surgical procedure, particularly one where a laparotomy is performed and the coelomic cavity is opened, has the potential to alter the survival, behavior or condition of the animal which can impair welfare and introduce bias. Given that management, regulatory and conservation decisions are based on the assumption that fish implanted with electronic tags have similar fates and behavior relative to untagged conspecifics, it is critical to ensure that best surgical practices are being used. Also, the current lack of standardized surgical procedures and reporting of specific methodological details precludes cross-study and cross-year analyses which would further progress the field of fisheries science. This compilation of papers seeks to identify the best practices for the entire intracoelomic tagging procedure including pre- and post-operative care, anesthesia, wound closure, and use of antibiotics. Although there is a particular focus on salmonid smolts given the large body of literature available on that group, other life-stages and species of fish are discussed where there is sufficient knowledge. Additional papers explore the role of the veterinarian in fish surgeries, the need for minimal standards in the training of fish surgeons, providing a call for more complete and transparent procedures, and identifying trends in procedures and research needs. Collectively, this body of knowledge should help to improve data quality (including comparability and repeatability), enhance management and conservation strategies, and maintain the welfare status of tagged fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5","issn":"09603166","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Eppard, M., Murchie, K., Nielsen, J.L., and Cooke, S.J., 2011, An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea8ce4b0c8380cd48930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.S.","contributorId":68084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppard, M.B.","contributorId":9084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppard","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchie, K.J.","contributorId":28097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooke, S. J.","contributorId":55645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035922,"text":"70035922 - 2011 - Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T12:36:18.992308","indexId":"70035922","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US","docAbstract":"<p><span>The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (</span><i>Dendroctonus ponderosae</i><span>), western pine beetle (</span><i>Dendroctonus brevicomis</i><span>), and pine engraver (</span><i>Ips</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>pini)</i><span>. This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>million</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species’ ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T.J., and Young, N., 2011, Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 262, no. 3, p. 307-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object 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,{"id":70035919,"text":"70035919 - 2011 - Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T18:34:32.277423","indexId":"70035919","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial scale is an important consideration when managing forest wildlife habitat, and models can be used to improve our understanding of these habitats at relevant scales. Our objectives were to determine whether stand- or microhabitat-scale variables better predicted bird metrics (diversity, species presence, and abundance) and to examine breeding bird response to clearcut size and age in a highly forested landscape. In 2004–2007, vegetation data were collected from 62 even-aged stands that were 3.6–34.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha in size and harvested in 1963–1990 on the Monongahela National Forest, WV, USA. In 2005–2007, we also surveyed birds at vegetation plots. We used classification and regression trees to model breeding bird habitat use with a suite of stand and microhabitat variables. Among stand variables, elevation, stand age, and stand size were most commonly retained as important variables in guild and species models. Among microhabitat variables, medium-sized tree density and tree species diversity most commonly predicted bird presence or abundance. Early successional and generalist bird presence, abundance, and diversity were better predicted by microhabitat variables than stand variables. Thus, more intensive field sampling may be required to predict habitat use for these species, and management may be needed at a finer scale. Conversely, stand-level variables had greater utility in predicting late-successional species occurrence and abundance; thus management decisions and modeling at this scale may be suitable in areas with a uniform landscape, such as our study area. Our study suggests that late-successional breeding bird diversity can be maximized long-term by including harvests &gt;10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha in size into our study area and by increasing tree diversity. Some harvesting will need to be incorporated regularly, because after 15 years, the study stands did not provide habitat for most early successional breeding specialists.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"McDermott, M., Wood, P.B., Miller, G., and Simpson, B., 2011, Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 261, no. 3, p. 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216231,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.020"}],"volume":"261","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDermott, M.E.","contributorId":42793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDermott","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, G.W.","contributorId":92377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, B.T.","contributorId":53193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035900,"text":"70035900 - 2011 - Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T19:27:34.681652","indexId":"70035900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2219,"text":"Journal of Coastal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Like many resources in the Chesapeake Bay region of the U.S., many waterbird nesting populations have suffered over the past three to four decades. In this study, historic information for the entire Bay and recent results from the Tangier Sound region were evaluated to illustrate patterns of island erosion and habitat loss for 19 breeding species of waterbirds. Aerial imagery and field data collected in the nesting season were the primary sources of data. From 1993/1994 to 2007/2008, a group of 15 islands in Tangier Sound, Virginia were reduced by 21% in area, as most of their small dunes and associated vegetation and forest cover were lost to increased washovers. Concurrently, nesting American black ducks (</span><i>Anas rubripes)</i><span>&nbsp;declined by 66% , wading birds (herons-egrets) by 51%, gulls by 72%, common terns&nbsp;</span><i>(Sterna hirundo)</i><span>&nbsp;by 96% and black skimmers (</span><i>Rynchops niger</i><span>) by about 70% in this complex. The declines noted at the larger Bay-wide scale suggest that this study area maybe symptomatic of a systemic limitation of nesting habitat for these species. The island losses noted in the Chesapeake have also been noted in other Atlantic U.S. coastal states. Stabilization and/or restoration of at least some of the rapidly eroding islands at key coastal areas are critical to help sustain waterbird communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y","issn":"14000350","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Brinker, D., Watts, B., Costanzo, G., and Morton, D., 2011, Islands at bay: Rising seas, eroding islands, and waterbird habitat loss in Chesapeake Bay (USA): Journal of Coastal Conservation, v. 15, no. 1, p. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-010-0119-y"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.96633911132812,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60653686523438,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.60653686523438,\n              37.98317483351337\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.96633911132812,\n              37.98317483351337\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.96633911132812,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f39e4b0c8380cd6436d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":196583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erwin","given":"R. 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,{"id":70035899,"text":"70035899 - 2011 - Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T19:41:13.40459","indexId":"70035899","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995","docAbstract":"<p><span>Suspended sediment is a constituent of water quality that is monitored because of concerns about accelerated erosion, nonpoint contamination of water resources, and degradation of aquatic environments. In order to quantify the relationship among different sediment parameters for Kentucky streams, long‐term records were obtained from the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey. Suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC), the parameter traditionally measured and reported by the U.S. Geological Survey, was statistically compared to turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), two parameters that are considered surrogate data. A linear regression of log‐transformed observations was used to estimate SSC from TSS; 72% of TSS observations were less than coincident SSC observations; however, the estimated SSC values were almost as likely to be overestimated as underestimated. The SSC‐turbidity relationship also used log‐transformed observations, but required a nonlinear, breakpoint regression that separated turbidity observations ≤6 nephelometric turbidity units. The slope for these low turbidity values was not significantly different than zero, indicating that low turbidity observations provide no real information about SSC; in the case of the Kentucky sediment record, this accounts for 30% of the turbidity observations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00538.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T., and Crawford, C.G., 2011, Estimation of suspended-sediment concentration from total suspended solids and turbidity data for Kentucky, 1978-1995: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 4, p. 739-749, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00538.x.","productDescription":"11 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,{"id":70035897,"text":"70035897 - 2011 - An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:04:26.516947","indexId":"70035897","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the lowland Maya area, pollen records provide important insights into the impact of past human populations and climate change on tropical ecosystems. Despite a long history of regional paleoecological research, few studies have characterized the palynological signatures of lowland ecosystems, a fact which lowers confidence in ecological inferences made from palynological data. We sought to verify whether we could use pollen spectra to reliably distinguish modern ecosystem types in the Maya lowlands of Central America. We collected 23 soil and sediment samples from eight ecosystem types, including upland, riparian, secondary, and swamp (</span><i>bajo</i><span>) forests; pine savanna; and three distinct wetland communities. We analyzed pollen spectra with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and found significant compositional differences in ecosystem types' pollen spectra. Forested sites had spectra dominated by Moraceae/Urticaceae pollen, while non-forested sites had significant portions of Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Amaranthaceae pollen. Upland,&nbsp;</span><i>bajo</i><span>, and riparian forest differed in representation of Cyperaceae,&nbsp;</span><i>Bactris</i><span>-type, and Combretaceae/Melastomataceae pollen. High percentages of pine (</span><i>Pinus</i><span>), oak (</span><i>Quercus</i><span>), and the presence of&nbsp;</span><i>Byrsonima</i><span>&nbsp;characterized pine savanna. Despite its limited sample size, this study provides one of the first statistical analyses of modern pollen rain in the Maya lowlands. Our results show that pollen assemblages can accurately reflect differences between ecosystem types, which may help refine interpretations of pollen records from the Maya area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Bhattacharya, T., Beach, T., and Wahl, D.B., 2011, An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010"}],"country":"Belize","otherGeospatial":"Maya lowlands","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.14308,17.80832],[-89.15091,17.95547],[-89.02986,18.00151],[-88.84834,17.8832],[-88.49012,18.48683],[-88.30003,18.49998],[-88.29634,18.35327],[-88.10681,18.34867],[-88.12348,18.07667],[-88.28535,17.64414],[-88.19787,17.48948],[-88.30264,17.13169],[-88.23952,17.03607],[-88.35543,16.53077],[-88.55182,16.26547],[-88.73243,16.23363],[-88.93061,15.88727],[-89.22912,15.88694],[-89.15081,17.01558],[-89.14308,17.80832]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Belize\"}}]}","volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f0e4b0c8380cd48540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhattacharya, T.","contributorId":96920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beach, T.","contributorId":39607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beach","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035892,"text":"70035892 - 2011 - Characterization of the Cretaceous aquifer structure of the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:33:14.302762","indexId":"70035892","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the Cretaceous aquifer structure of the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco","docAbstract":"<p><span>The aquifer of early Cretaceous age in the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin is defined by interpretation of geological drilling data of oil and hydrogeological wells, field measurement and analysis of in situ fracture orientations, and the application of a morphostructural method to identify lineaments. These analyzes are used to develop a stratigraphic–structural model of the aquifer delimited by fault zones of two principal orientations: NNE and WNW. These fault zones define fault blocks that range in area from 4 to 150</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. These blocks correspond either to elevated zones (horsts) or depressed zones (grabens). This structural setting with faults blocks of Meskala region is in accordance with the structure of the whole Essaouira Basin. Fault zones disrupt the continuity of the aquifer throughout the study area, create recharge and discharge zones, and create dip to the units from approximately 10° to near vertical in various orientations. Fracture measurements and morphometric-lineament analyzes help to identify unmapped faults, and represent features important to groundwater hydraulics and water quality within fault blocks. The above geologic features will enable a better understanding of the behaviour and hydro-geo-chemical and hydrodynamics of groundwater in the Meskala aquifer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.12.003","issn":"1464343X","usgsCitation":"Hanich, L., Zouhri, L., and Dinger, J., 2011, Characterization of the Cretaceous aquifer structure of the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 59, no. 2-3, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.12.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.12.003"}],"country":"Morocco","otherGeospatial":"Essaouira Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -8.712158203125,\n              31.306715155075167\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.6796875,\n              31.306715155075167\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.6796875,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.712158203125,\n              32.731840896865684\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.712158203125,\n              31.306715155075167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e2e4b0c8380cd4bf97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanich, L.","contributorId":63643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanich","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zouhri, L.","contributorId":58117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zouhri","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinger, J.","contributorId":69788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035871,"text":"70035871 - 2011 - Nekton community response to a large-scale Mississippi River discharge: Examining spatial and temporal response to river management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T21:06:40.50444","indexId":"70035871","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nekton community response to a large-scale Mississippi River discharge: Examining spatial and temporal response to river management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Freshwater flow is generally held to be one of the most influential factors affecting community structure and production in estuaries. In coastal Louisiana, the Caernarvon Freshwater Diversion (CFD) is managed to control freshwater discharge from the Mississippi River into Breton Sound basin. Operational since 1991, CFD has undergone several changes in management strategy including pulsed spring flooding, which was introduced in 2001. We used a 20-yr time series of fisheries-independent data to investigate how variation in freshwater inflow (i.e., pre- and post-CFD, and pre and post spring pulsing management) influences the downstream nekton community (abundance, diversity, and assemblage). Analyses of long-term data demonstrated that while there were effects from the CFD, they largely involved subtle changes in community structure. Spatially, effects were largely limited to the sites immediately downstream of the diversion and extended only occasionally to more down-estuary sites. Temporally, effects were 1) immediate (detected during spring diversion events) or 2) delayed (detected several months post-diversion). Analysis of river management found that pulsed spring-time inflow resulted in more significant changes in nekton assemblages, likely due to higher discharge rates that 1) increased marsh flooding, thus increasing marsh habitat accessibility for small resident marsh species, and 2) reduced salinity, possibly causing displacement of marine pelagic species down estuary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2010.11.001","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Piazza, B.P., and La Peyre, M., 2011, Nekton community response to a large-scale Mississippi River discharge: Examining spatial and temporal response to river management: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 91, no. 3, p. 379-387, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.11.001.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"387","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216439,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.11.001"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Breton Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.3353271484375,\n              29.248063243796576\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1265869140625,\n              29.08977693862319\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.857421875,\n              29.27202470909843\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.96728515624999,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6044921875,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8077392578125,\n              29.997759725578906\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0494384765625,\n              29.84064389983441\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.0604248046875,\n              29.702368038541767\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8846435546875,\n              29.54000879252545\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5220947265625,\n              29.31993078977759\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3353271484375,\n              29.248063243796576\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a643ee4b0c8380cd7294f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piazza, Bryan P.","contributorId":11022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035870,"text":"70035870 - 2011 - Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:07:06","indexId":"70035870","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3197,"text":"Prostate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions","docAbstract":"<h3>BACKGROUND</h3><p>There are several studies examining prostate cancer and exposure to cadmium, iron, selenium, and zinc. Less data are available on the possible influence of these metal ions on prostate cancer outcome. This study measured levels of these ions in prostatectomy samples in order to examine possible associations between metal concentrations and disease outcome.</p><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We obtained formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of prostatectomy samples of 40 patients with PSA recurrence, matched 1:1 (for year of surgery, race, age, Gleason grading, and pathology TNM classification) with tissue blocks from 40 patients without recurrence (n = 80). Case–control pairs were compared for the levels of metals in areas adjacent to tumors. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantification of Cd, Fe, Zn, and Se.</p><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Patients with biochemical (PSA) recurrence of disease had 12% lower median iron (95 µg/g vs. 111 µg/g;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i> = 0.04) and 21% lower zinc (279 µg/g vs. 346 µg/g;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i> = 0.04) concentrations in the normal-appearing tissue immediately adjacent to cancer areas. Differences in cadmium (0.489 µg/g vs. 0.439 µg/g; 4% higher) and selenium (1.68 µg/g vs. 1.58 µg/g; 5% higher) levels were not statistically significant in recurrence cases, when compared to non-recurrences (<i>P</i> = 0.40 and 0.21, respectively).</p><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>There is an association between low zinc and low iron prostate tissue levels and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Whether these novel findings are a cause or effect of more aggressive tumors, or whether low zinc and iron prostatic levels raise implications for therapy, remains to be investigated.<span>&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley ","doi":"10.1002/pros.21339","issn":"02704137","usgsCitation":"Sarafanov, A., Todorov, T., Centeno, J., MacIas, V., Gao, W., Liang, W., Beam, C., Gray, M.A., and Kajdacsy-Balla, A., 2011, Prostate cancer outcome and tissue levels of metal ions: Prostate, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1231-1238, https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.21339.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1238","ipdsId":"IP-024814","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.21339"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f5ee4b0c8380cd7f705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarafanov, A.G.","contributorId":85418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarafanov","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todorov, T.I.","contributorId":10995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorov","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Centeno, J.A.","contributorId":73806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Centeno","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacIas, V.","contributorId":107114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacIas","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gao, W.","contributorId":42031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liang, W.-M.","contributorId":54430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"W.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beam, C.","contributorId":66092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beam","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gray, Marion A.","contributorId":193926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Marion","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kajdacsy-Balla, A.","contributorId":81319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kajdacsy-Balla","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70035868,"text":"70035868 - 2011 - Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T21:35:59.592744","indexId":"70035868","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was drilled within the Alaska North Slope (ANS) Milne Point Unit (MPU) from February 3 to 19, 2007. The well was conducted as part of a Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) project co-sponsored since 2001 by BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. (BPXA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to help determine whether ANS gas hydrate can become a technically and commercially viable gas resource. Early in the effort, regional reservoir characterization and reservoir simulation modeling studies indicated that up to 0.34 trillion cubic meters (tcm; 12 trillion cubic feet, tcf) gas may be technically recoverable from 0.92 tcm (33 tcf) gas-in-place within the Eileen gas hydrate accumulation near industry infrastructure within ANS MPU, Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU), and Kuparuk River Unit (KRU) areas. To further constrain these estimates and to enable the selection of a test site for further data acquisition, the USGS reprocessed and interpreted MPU 3D seismic data provided by BPXA to delineate 14 prospects containing significant highly-saturated gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs. The “Mount Elbert” site was selected to drill a stratigraphic test well to acquire a full suite of wireline log, core, and formation pressure test data. Drilling results and data interpretation confirmed pre-drill predictions and thus increased confidence in both the prospect interpretation methods and in the wider ANS gas hydrate resource estimates. The interpreted data from the Mount Elbert well provide insight into and reduce uncertainty of key gas hydrate-bearing reservoir properties, enable further refinement and validation of the numerical simulation of the production potential of both MPU and broader ANS gas hydrate resources, and help determine viability of potential field sites for future extended term production testing. Drilling and data acquisition operations demonstrated that gas hydrate scientific research programs can be safely, effectively, and efficiently conducted within ANS infrastructure. The program success resulted in a technical team recommendation to project management to drill and complete a long-term production test within the area of existing ANS infrastructure. If approved by stakeholders, this long-term test would build on prior arctic research efforts to better constrain the potential gas rates and volumes that could be produced from gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., Anderson, B., Digert, S., Pospisil, G., Baker, R., and Weeks, M., 2011, Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Overview of scientific and technical program: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.888671875,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.888671875,\n              71.52490903732816\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              71.52490903732816\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e91e4b0c8380cd70b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, R.B.","contributorId":29538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, B.J.","contributorId":70914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Digert, S.A.","contributorId":60047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Digert","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pospisil, G.","contributorId":77767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pospisil","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baker, R.","contributorId":11542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weeks, M.","contributorId":62432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70035840,"text":"70035840 - 2011 - Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T19:16:51.017242","indexId":"70035840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">New invasions, better field data, and novel spatial-modeling techniques often drive the need to revisit previous maps and models of invasive species. Such is the case with the at least 10 species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i>, which are invading riparian systems in the western United States and expanding their range throughout North America. In 2006, we developed a National Tamarisk Map by using a compilation of presence and absence locations with remotely sensed data and statistical modeling techniques. Since the publication of that work, our database of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;</span>distributions has grown significantly.</p><p id=\"ID0EL\">Using the updated database of species occurrence, new predictor variables, and the maximum entropy (Maxent) model, we have revised our potential<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;</span>distribution map for the western United States. Distance-to-water was the strongest predictor in the model (58.1%), while mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the second best predictor (18.4%). Model validation, averaged from 25 model iterations, indicated that our analysis had strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.93) and that the extent of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;</span>distributions is much greater than previously thought. The southwestern United States had the greatest suitable habitat, and this result differed from the 2006 model. Our work highlights the utility of iterative modeling for invasive species habitat modeling as new information becomes available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/064.071.0204","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Evangelista, P., Stohlgren, T.J., and Morisette, J.T., 2011, Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States: Western North American Naturalist, v. 71, no. 2, p. 164-175, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.071.0204.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487310,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol71/iss2/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.071.0204"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54296874999999,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.64453124999999,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.18359375,\n              29.22889003019423\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1953125,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.37109375,\n              49.15296965617042\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              49.15296965617042\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.92578125,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.33203125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3977e4b0c8380cd61922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evangelista, P.","contributorId":21903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035837,"text":"70035837 - 2011 - Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:22:24","indexId":"70035837","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data","docAbstract":"<p><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Potamogeton crispus</i><span> L. (curly pondweed) is a cosmopolitan aquatic macrophyte considered invasive in North America and elsewhere. Its range is expanding and, on individual water bodies, its coverage can be dynamic both within and among years. In this study, we evaluate the use of free and low-cost satellite remote sensing data to monitor a problematic emergent macrophyte community dominated by </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P. crispus</i><span>. Between 2000 and 2006, we acquired eight satellite images of 24,000-ha Lake Sharpe, South Dakota (USA). During one of the dates for which satellite imagery was acquired, we sampled the lake for </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P. crispus</i><span> and other emergent macrophytes using GPS and photography for documentation. We used cluster analysis to assist in classification of the satellite imagery and independently validated results using the field data. Resulting estimates of emergent macrophyte coverage ranged from less than 20&nbsp;ha in 2002 to 245&nbsp;ha in 2004. Accuracy assessment indicated 82% of image pixels were correctly classified, with errors being primarily due to failure to identify emergent macrophytes. These results emphasize the dynamic nature of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P. crispus</i><span>-dominated macrophyte communities and show how they can be effectively monitored over large areas using low-cost remote sensing imagery. While results may vary in other systems depending on water quality and local flora, such an approach could be applied elsewhere and for a variety of macrophyte communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0537-8","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Albright, T.P., and Ode, D., 2011, Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data: Hydrobiologia, v. 661, no. 1, p. 469-474, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0537-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0537-8"}],"volume":"661","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5deae4b0c8380cd706a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albright, Thomas P.","contributorId":78114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ode, D.J.","contributorId":100643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ode","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035836,"text":"70035836 - 2011 - Comparison of Bayesian clustering and edge detection methods for inferring boundaries in landscape genetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T13:20:36.400367","indexId":"70035836","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2059,"text":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Bayesian clustering and edge detection methods for inferring boundaries in landscape genetics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recently, techniques available for identifying clusters of individuals or boundaries between clusters using genetic data from natural populations have expanded rapidly. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate these different techniques. We used spatially-explicit simulation models to compare three spatial Bayesian clustering programs and two edge detection methods. Spatially-structured populations were simulated where a continuous population was subdivided by barriers. We evaluated the ability of each method to correctly identify boundary locations while varying: (i) time after divergence, (ii) strength of isolation by distance, (iii) level of genetic diversity, and (iv) amount of gene flow across barriers. To further evaluate the methods’ effectiveness to detect genetic clusters in natural populations, we used previously published data on North American pumas and a European shrub. Our results show that with simulated and empirical data, the Bayesian spatial clustering algorithms outperformed direct edge detection methods. All methods incorrectly detected boundaries in the presence of strong patterns of isolation by distance. Based on this finding, we support the application of Bayesian spatial clustering algorithms for boundary detection in empirical datasets, with necessary tests for the influence of isolation by distance</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ijms12020865","issn":"14220067","usgsCitation":"Safner, T., Miller, M.P., McRae, B., Fortin, M., and Manel, S., 2011, Comparison of Bayesian clustering and edge detection methods for inferring boundaries in landscape genetics: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 865-889, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12020865.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"889","costCenters":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12020865","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f840e4b0c8380cd4cf8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safner, T.","contributorId":35980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safner","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McRae, B.H.","contributorId":41658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRae","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fortin, M.-J.","contributorId":96489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortin","given":"M.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manel, S.","contributorId":23785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manel","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035814,"text":"70035814 - 2011 - Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T10:54:14","indexId":"70035814","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system","docAbstract":"Previous approaches used to determine the rates of different earthquakes on a fault have made assumptions regarding segmentation, have been difficult to document and reproduce, and have lacked the ability to satisfy all available data constraints. We present a relatively objective and reproducible inverse methodology for determining the rate of different ruptures on a fault or fault system. The data used in the inversion include slip rate, event rate, and other constraints such as an optional a priori magnitude-frequency distribution. We demonstrate our methodology by solving for the long-term rate of ruptures on the southern San Andreas fault. Our results imply that a Gutenberg-Richter distribution is consistent with the data available for this fault; however, more work is needed to test the robustness of this assertion. More importantly, the methodology is extensible to an entire fault system (thereby including multifault ruptures) and can be used to quantify the relative benefits of collecting additional paleoseismic data at different sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120100004","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Field, E.H., and Page, M., 2011, Estimating earthquake-rupture rates on a fault or fault system: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 1, p. 79-92, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100004"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b17e4b0c8380cd52577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, E. H.","contributorId":86915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.T.","contributorId":36771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035807,"text":"70035807 - 2011 - Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T13:23:21.211039","indexId":"70035807","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Environmental factors—especially soil properties—have been suggested as potentially important in the transmission of infectious prion diseases. Because binding to montmorillonite (an aluminosilicate clay mineral) or clay-enriched soils had been shown to enhance experimental prion transmissibility, we hypothesized that prion transmission among mule deer might also be enhanced in ranges with relatively high soil clay content. In this study, we report apparent influences of soil clay content on the odds of prion infection in free-ranging deer. Analysis of data from prion-infected deer herds in northern Colorado, USA, revealed that a 1% increase in the clay-sized particle content in soils within the approximate home range of an individual deer increased its odds of infection by up to 8.9%. Our findings suggest that soil clay content and related environmental properties deserve greater attention in assessing risks of prion disease outbreaks and prospects for their control in both natural and production settings.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Research","doi":"10.1038/ncomms1203","issn":"20411723","usgsCitation":"Walter, W.D., Walsh, D., Farnsworth, M.L., Winkelman, D.L., and Miller, M., 2011, Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds: Nature Communications, v. 2, no. 1, 200, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1203.","productDescription":"200, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Northern Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.853515625,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.853515625,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91f7e4b08c986b319bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073 wwalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":5083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.","email":"wwalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, D.P.","contributorId":100642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, Matthew L.","contributorId":56473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035805,"text":"70035805 - 2011 - Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T16:55:51.12492","indexId":"70035805","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory","docAbstract":"<p><span>Carbonate mud is a major constituent of recent marine carbonate sediments and of ancient limestones, which contain unique records of changes in ocean chemistry and climate shifts in the geological past. However, the origin of carbonate mud is controversial and often problematic to resolve. Here we show that tropical marine fish produce and excrete various forms of precipitated (nonskeletal) calcium carbonate from their guts (“low” and “high” Mg-calcite and aragonite), but that very fine-grained (mostly &lt;&nbsp;2&nbsp;μm) high Mg-calcite crystallites (i.e.,&nbsp;</span><span id=\"inline-formula-1\" class=\"inline-formula\"><span class=\"highwire-responsive-lazyload\"><img class=\"highwire-embed  lazyloaded\" src=\"https://www.pnas.org/sites/default/files/highwire/pnas/108/10/3865/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\" alt=\"Embedded Image\" data-src=\"https://www.pnas.org/sites/default/files/highwire/pnas/108/10/3865/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\" data-mce-src=\"https://www.pnas.org/sites/default/files/highwire/pnas/108/10/3865/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\"></span></span><span>&nbsp;MgCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) are their dominant excretory product. Crystallites from fish are morphologically diverse and species-specific, but all are unique relative to previously known biogenic and abiotic sources of carbonate within open marine systems. Using site specific fish biomass and carbonate excretion rate data we estimate that fish produce ∼6.1&nbsp;×&nbsp;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;kg CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>/year across the Bahamian archipelago, all as mud-grade (the &lt;&nbsp;63&nbsp;μm fraction) carbonate and thus as a potential sediment constituent. Estimated contributions from fish to total carbonate mud production average ∼14% overall, and exceed 70% in specific habitats. Critically, we also document the widespread presence of these distinctive fish-derived carbonates in the finest sediment fractions from all habitat types in the Bahamas, demonstrating that these carbonates have direct relevance to contemporary carbonate sediment budgets. Fish thus represent a hitherto unrecognized but significant source of fine-grained carbonate sediment, the discovery of which has direct application to the conceptual ideas of how marine carbonate factories function both today and in the past.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1015895108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Perry, C., Salter, M., Harborne, A., Crowley, S., Jelks, H.L., and Wilson, R., 2011, Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 10, p. 3865-3869, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015895108.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3865","endPage":"3869","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475124,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3054004","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015895108"}],"volume":"108","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1079e4b0c8380cd53ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C.T.","contributorId":82155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salter, M.A.","contributorId":66936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salter","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harborne, A.R.","contributorId":29241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harborne","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowley, S.F.","contributorId":8696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jelks, Howard L. 0000-0002-0672-6297 hjelks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":168997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","email":"hjelks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, R.W.","contributorId":63816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035785,"text":"70035785 - 2011 - Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T21:21:57.375458","indexId":"70035785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra","docAbstract":"<p>T<span>The surface properties of the icy bodies in the saturnian system have been investigated by means of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager which operates in the 0.35–5.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm wavelength range. In particular, we have analyzed 111 full disk hyperspectral images of Rhea ranging in solar phase between 0.08° and 109.8°. These data have been previously analyzed by Filacchione et al. (Filacchione, G. et al. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259–290; Filacchione, G. et al. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507–523) to study, adopting various “spectral indicators” (such as spectral slopes, band depth, and continuum level), the relations among various saturnian satellites. As a further step we proceed in this paper to a quantitative evaluation of the physical parameters determining the spectrophotometric properties of Rhea’s surface. To do this we have applied Hapke (Hapke, B. [1993]. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Topics in Remote Sensing: 3. Springer, Berlin) IMSA model (Isotropic Multiple Scattering Approximation) which allow us to model the phase function at VIS–IR (visible–infrared) wavelengths as well as the spectra taking into account various types of mixtures of surface materials. Thanks to this method we have been able to constrain the size of water ice particles covering the surface, the amount of organic contaminants, the large scale surface roughness and the opposition effect surge. From our analysis it appears that wavelength dependent parameters, e.g. opposition surge width (</span><i>h</i><span>) and single-particle phase function parameters (</span><i>b</i><span>,</span><span>&nbsp;</span><i>v</i><span>), are strongly correlated to the estimated single-scattering albedo of particles. For Rhea the best fit solution is obtained by assuming: (1) an intraparticle mixture of crystalline water ice and a small amount (0.4%) of Triton tholin; (2) a monodisperse grain size distribution having a particle diameter&nbsp;</span><i>a<sub>m</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>38</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm; and (3) a surface roughness parameter value of 33°. The study of phase function shows that both shadow hiding and coherent backscattering contribute to the opposition surge. This study represents the first attempt, in the case of Rhea, to join the spectral and the photometric analysis. The surface model we derived gives a good quantitative description of both spectrum and phase curve of the satellite. The same approach and model, with appropriate modifications, shall be applied to VIMS data of the other icy satellites of Saturn, in order to reveal similarities and differences in the surface characteristics to understand how these bodies interact with their environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Ciarniello, M., Capaccioni, F., Filacchione, G., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Tosi, F., and Stephan, K., 2011, Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra: Icarus, v. 214, no. 2, p. 541-555, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"555","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475202,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00786875","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010"}],"volume":"214","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f6fe4b0c8380cd5cdb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ciarniello, M.","contributorId":83355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciarniello","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tosi, F.","contributorId":9472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tosi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34654,"text":"Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stephan, K.","contributorId":8976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70035781,"text":"70035781 - 2011 - Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T19:16:27.491912","indexId":"70035781","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2232,"text":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused brittle fractures in steel moment frame building connections, despite causing little visible building damage in most cases. Future strong earthquakes are likely to cause similar damage to the many un-retrofitted pre-Northridge buildings in the western US and elsewhere. Without obvious permanent building deformation, costly intrusive inspections are currently the only way to determine if major fracture damage that compromises building safety has occurred. Building instrumentation has the potential to provide engineers and owners with timely information on fracture occurrence. Structural dynamics theory predicts and scale model experiments have demonstrated that sudden, large changes in structure properties caused by moment connection fractures will cause transient dynamic response. A method is proposed for detecting the building-wide level of connection fracture damage, based on observing high-frequency, fracture-induced transient dynamic responses in strong motion accelerograms. High-frequency transients are short (&lt;1 s), sudden-onset waveforms with frequency content above 25 Hz that are visually apparent in recorded accelerations. Strong motion data and damage information from intrusive inspections collected from 24 sparsely instrumented buildings following the 1994 Northridge earthquake are used to evaluate the proposed method. The method’s overall success rate for this data set is 67%, but this rate varies significantly with damage level. The method performs reasonably well in detecting significant fracture damage and in identifying cases with no damage, but fails in cases with few fractures. Combining the method with other damage indicators and removing records with excessive noise improves the ability to detect the level of damage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.11.002","issn":"0143974X","usgsCitation":"Rodgers, J., and Celebi, M., 2011, Method for detecting moment connection fracture using high-frequency transients in recorded accelerations: Journal of Constructional Steel Research, v. 67, no. 3, p. 293-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.11.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"307","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.11.002"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a554ce4b0c8380cd6d1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodgers, J.E.","contributorId":99069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035780,"text":"70035780 - 2011 - Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-17T16:08:24","indexId":"70035780","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1755,"text":"Geochemical Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA","docAbstract":"<p>Background<br/>\nA realistic estimation of the health risk of human exposure to solid-phase arsenic (As) derived from historic mining operations is a major challenge to redevelopment of California's famed \"Mother Lode\" region. Arsenic, a known carcinogen, occurs in multiple solid forms that vary in bioaccessibility. X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) was used to identify and quantify the forms of As in mine wastes and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund (LCMS) site, a historic \"Mother Lode\" gold mine. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess variance within water chemistry, solids chemistry, and XAFS spectral datasets. Linear combination, least-squares fits constrained in part by PCA results were then used to quantify arsenic speciation in XAFS spectra of tailings and biogenic solids.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Results<br/>\nThe highest dissolved arsenic concentrations were found in Lost Lake porewater and in a groundwater-fed pond in the tailings deposition area. Iron, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, specific conductivity, and As were the major variables in the water chemistry PCA. Arsenic was, on average, 14 times more concentrated in biologically-produced iron (hydr)oxide than in mine tailings. Phosphorous, manganese, calcium, aluminum, and As were the major variables in the solids chemistry PCA. Linear combination fits to XAFS spectra indicate that arsenopyrite (FeAsS), the dominant form of As in ore material, remains abundant (average: 65%) in minimally-weathered ore samples and water-saturated tailings at the bottom of Lost Lake. However, tailings that underwent drying and wetting cycles contain an average of only 30% arsenopyrite. The predominant products of arsenopyrite weathering were identified by XAFS to be As-bearing Fe (hydr)oxide and arseniosiderite (Ca<sub>2</sub>Fe(AsO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>•3H<sub>2</sub>O). Existence of the former species is not in question, but the presence of the latter species was not confirmed by additional measurements, so its identification is less certain. The linear combination, least-squares fits totals of several samples deviate by more than ± 20% from 100%, suggesting that additional phases may be present that were not identified or evaluated in this study.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Conclusions<br/>\nSub- to anoxic conditions minimize dissolution of arsenopyrite at the LCMS site, but may accelerate the dissolution of As-bearing secondary iron phases such as Fe<sup>3+</sup>-oxyhydroxides and arseniosiderite, if sufficient organic matter is present to spur anaerobic microbial activity. Oxidizing, dry conditions favor the stabilization of secondary phases, while promoting oxidative breakdown of the primary sulfides. The stability of both primary and secondary As phases is likely to be at a minimum under cyclic wet-dry conditions. Biogenic iron (hydr)oxide flocs can sequester significant amounts of arsenic; this property may be useful for treatment of perpetual sources of As such as mine adit water, but the fate of As associated with natural accumulations of floc material needs to be assessed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1186/1467-4866-12-1","issn":"14674866","usgsCitation":"Foster, A.L., Ashley, R.P., and Rytuba, J.J., 2011, Arsenic species in weathering mine tailings and biogenic solids at the Lava Cap Mine Superfund Site, Nevada City, CA: Geochemical Transactions, v. 12, no. 1, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-12-1.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475246,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-12-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216463,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-12-1"},{"id":244334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Nevada City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.001864,39.189194 ], [ -121.001864,39.249373 ], [ -120.936066,39.249373 ], [ -120.936066,39.189194 ], [ -121.001864,39.189194 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed97e4b0c8380cd498cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Andrea L. 0000-0003-1362-0068 afoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":1740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Andrea","email":"afoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":452341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035753,"text":"70035753 - 2011 - Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T11:06:38","indexId":"70035753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","docAbstract":"In August 2008 an unmonitored, largely unstudied Aleutian volcano, Kasatochi, erupted catastrophically. Here we use seismic data to infer the height of large eruptive columns such as those of Kasatochi based on a combination of existing fluid and solid mechanical models. In so doing, we propose a connection between a common, observable, short-period seismic wave amplitude to the physics of an eruptive column. To construct a combined model, we estimate the mass ejection rate of material from the vent on the basis of the plume height, assuming that the height is controlled by thermal buoyancy for a continuous plume. Using the estimated mass ejection rate, we then derive the equivalent vertical force on the Earth through a momentum balance. Finally, we calculate the far-field surface waves resulting from the vertical force. The model performs well for recent eruptions of Kasatochi and Augustine volcanoes if <i>v</i>, the velocity of material exiting the vent, is 120-230 m s<sup>-1</sup>. The consistency between the seismically inferred and measured plume heights indicates that in these cases the far-field ~1 s seismic energy radiated by fluctuating flow in the volcanic jet during the eruption is a useful indicator of overall mass ejection rates. Thus, use of the model holds promise for characterizing eruptions and evaluating ash hazards to aircraft in real time on the basis of far-field short-period seismic data. This study emphasizes the need for better measurements of eruptive plume heights and a more detailed understanding of the full spectrum of seismic energy radiated coeruptively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007620","isbn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., and Brodsky, E.E., 2011, Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"B01306","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475203,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007620","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620"},{"id":243919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2fee4b08c986b32aec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodsky, Emily E.","contributorId":29660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035751,"text":"70035751 - 2011 - Pre- and post-drill comparison of the Mount Elbert gas hydrate prospect, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T17:16:16.349619","indexId":"70035751","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre- and post-drill comparison of the Mount Elbert gas hydrate prospect, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">In 2006, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) completed a detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data, along with seismic modeling and correlation with specially processed downhole well log data for identifying potential gas hydrate accumulations on the North Slope of Alaska. A methodology was developed for identifying sub-permafrost gas hydrate prospects within the gas hydrate stability zone in the Milne Point area. The study revealed a total of 14 gas hydrate prospects in this area.</p><p id=\"abspara0015\">In order to validate the gas hydrate prospecting protocol of the USGS and to acquire critical reservoir data needed to develop a longer-term production testing program, a stratigraphic test well was drilled at the Mount Elbert prospect in the Milne Point area in early 2007. The drilling confirmed the presence of two prominent gas-hydrate-bearing units in the Mount Elbert prospect, and high quality well logs and core data were acquired. The post-drill results indicate pre-drill predictions of the reservoir thickness and the gas-hydrate saturations based on seismic and existing well data were 90% accurate for the upper unit (hydrate unit D) and 70% accurate for the lower unit (hydrate unit C), confirming the validity of the USGS approach to gas hydrate prospecting. The Mount Elbert prospect is the first gas hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska identified primarily on the basis of seismic attribute analysis and specially processed downhole log data. Post-drill well log data enabled a better constraint of the elastic model and the development of an improved approach to the gas hydrate prospecting using seismic attributes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.007","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., Agena, W.F., Collett, T.S., and Inks, T., 2011, Pre- and post-drill comparison of the Mount Elbert gas hydrate prospect, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 578-588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.08.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.9921875,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              71.38514208411495\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.9921875,\n              71.38514208411495\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.9921875,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80bbe4b0c8380cd7b17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inks, T.L.","contributorId":79311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inks","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035728,"text":"70035728 - 2011 - Coexistence in streams: Do source-sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T18:37:04.386805","indexId":"70035728","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexistence in streams: Do source-sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Theory suggests that source–sink dynamics can allow coexistence of intraguild predators and prey, but empirical evidence for this coexistence mechanism is limited. We used capture–mark–recapture, genetic methods, and stable isotopes to test whether source–sink dynamics promote coexistence between stream fishes, the intraguild predator, and stream salamanders (</span><i>Dicamptodon aterrimus</i><span>), the intraguild prey. Salamander populations from upstream reaches without fish were predicted to maintain or supplement sink populations in downstream reaches with fish. We found instead that downstream reaches with fish were not sinks even though fish consumed salamander larvae—apparent survival, recruitment, and population growth rate did not differ between upstream and downstream reaches. There was also no difference between upstream and downstream reaches in net emigration. We did find that&nbsp;</span><i>D. aterrimus</i><span>&nbsp;moved frequently along streams, but believe that this is a response to seasonal habitat changes rather than intraguild predation. Our study provides empirical evidence that local-scale mechanisms are more important than dispersal dynamics to coexistence of streams salamanders and fish. More broadly, it shows the value of empirical data on dispersal and gene flow for distinguishing between local and spatial mechanisms of coexistence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00442-011-1935-y","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., and Lowe, W., 2011, Coexistence in streams: Do source-sink dynamics allow salamanders to persist with fish predators?: Oecologia, v. 166, no. 4, p. 1043-1054, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1935-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1043","endPage":"1054","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216221,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1935-y"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lochsa River basin of the Clearwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.653076171875,\n              46.145588688591964\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.268798828125,\n              46.145588688591964\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.268798828125,\n              46.93901161506044\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.653076171875,\n              46.93901161506044\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.653076171875,\n              46.145588688591964\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a0e4b0c8380cd4cbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, W.H.","contributorId":91961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035727,"text":"70035727 - 2011 - Stochastic population dynamics in populations of western terrestrial garter snakes with divergent life histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T18:57:11.382931","indexId":"70035727","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic population dynamics in populations of western terrestrial garter snakes with divergent life histories","docAbstract":"<p><span>Comparative evaluations of population dynamics in species with temporal and spatial variation in life‐history traits are rare because they require long‐term demographic time series from multiple populations. We present such an analysis using demographic data collected during the interval 1978–1996 for six populations of western terrestrial garter snakes (</span><i>Thamnophis elegans</i><span>) from two evolutionarily divergent ecotypes. Three replicate populations from a slow‐living ecotype, found in mountain meadows of northeastern California, were characterized by individuals that develop slowly, mature late, reproduce infrequently with small reproductive effort, and live longer than individuals of three populations of a fast‐living ecotype found at lakeshore locales. We constructed matrix population models for each of the populations based on 8–13 years of data per population and analyzed both deterministic dynamics based on mean annual vital rates and stochastic dynamics incorporating annual variation in vital rates. (1) Contributions of highly variable vital rates to fitness (λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>) were buffered against the negative effects of stochastic variation, and this relationship was consistent with differences between the meadow (M‐slow) and lakeshore (L‐fast) ecotypes. (2) Annual variation in the proportion of gravid females had the greatest negative effect among all vital rates on λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>. The magnitude of variation in the proportion of gravid females and its effect on λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;was greater in M‐slow than L‐fast populations. (3) Variation in the proportion of gravid females, in turn, depended on annual variation in prey availability, and its effect on λ</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;was 4–23 times greater in M‐slow than L‐fast populations. In addition to differences in stochastic dynamics between ecotypes, we also found higher mean mortality rates across all age classes in the L‐fast populations. Our results suggest that both deterministic and stochastic selective forces have affected the evolution of divergent life‐history traits in the two ecotypes, which, in turn, affect population dynamics. M‐slow populations have evolved life‐history traits that buffer fitness against direct effects of variation in reproduction and that spread lifetime reproduction across a greater number of reproductive bouts. These results highlight the importance of long‐term demographic and environmental monitoring and of incorporating temporal dynamics into empirical studies of life‐history evolution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1438.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.A., Clark, W., Arnold, S., and Bronikowski, A., 2011, Stochastic population dynamics in populations of western terrestrial garter snakes with divergent life histories: Ecology, v. 92, no. 8, p. 1658-1671, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1438.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1658","endPage":"1671","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475108,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/eeob_ag_pubs/187","text":"External 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