{"pageNumber":"687","pageRowStart":"17150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70156458,"text":"70156458 - 2012 - Canada Basin revealed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:57:12.766272","indexId":"70156458","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Canada Basin revealed","docAbstract":"<p><span>More than 15,000 line-km of new regional seismic reflection and refraction data in the western Arctic Ocean provide insights into the tectonic and sedimentologic history of Canada Basin, permitting development of new geologic understanding in one of Earth's last frontiers. These new data support a rotational opening model for southern Canada Basin. There is a central basement ridge possibly representing an extinct spreading center with oceanic crustal velocities and blocky basement morphology characteristic of spreading centre crust surrounding this ridge. Basement elevation is lower in the south, mostly due to sediment loading subsidence. The sedimentary succession is thickest in the southern Beaufort Sea region, reaching more than 15 km, and generally thins to the north and west. In the north, grabens and half-grabens are indicative of extension. Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge is a large igneous province in northern Amerasia Basin, presumably emplaced synchronously with basin formation. It overprints most of northern Canada Basin structure. The seafloor and sedimentary succession of Canada Basin is remarkably flat-lying in its central region, with little bathymetric change over most of its extent. Reflections that correlate over 100s of kms comprise most of the succession and on-lap bathymetric and basement highs. They are interpreted as representing deposits from unconfined turbidity current flows. Sediment distribution patterns reflect changing source directions during the basin&rsquo;s history. Initially, probably late Cretaceous to Paleocene synrift sediments sourced from the Alaska and Mackenzie-Beaufort margins. This unit shows a progressive series of onlap unconformities with a younging trend towards Alpha and Northwind ridges, likely a response to contemporaneous subsidence. Sediment source direction appeared to shift to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago margin for the Eocene and Oligocene, likely due to uplift of Arctic islands during the Eurekan Orogeny. The final stage of sedimentation appears to be from the Mackenzie-Beaufort region for the Miocene and Pliocene when drainage patterns shifted in the Yukon and Alaska to the Mackenzie valley. Upturned reflections at onlap positions may indicate syn-depositional subsidence. There is little evidence, at least at a regional seismic data scale, of contemporaneous or post-depositional sediment reworking, suggesting little large-scale geostrophic or thermohaline-driven bottom current activity.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Technology Conference: Challenges for today, opportunities for tomorrow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Arctic Technology Conference 2012","conferenceDate":"December 3-5, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Houston, Texas, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technology Conference","doi":"10.4043/23797-MS","usgsCitation":"Mosher, D.C., Shimeld, J., Hutchinson, D.R., Chian, D., Lebedeva-Ivanova, N., and Jackson, R., 2012, Canada Basin revealed, <i>in</i> Arctic Technology Conference: Challenges for today, opportunities for tomorrow, Houston, Texas, United States, December 3-5, 2012, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.4043/23797-MS.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041987","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean, Canada Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.21990729069734,\n              70.77962290516786\n            ],\n            [\n              -132.07655009391658,\n              71.11604815059647\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.743467599712,\n              72.07575620369948\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.47019082691355,\n              73.8675469961417\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.63968021783072,\n              76.15296901893535\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.20483912106104,\n              78.69417054187653\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.49898152161086,\n              81.20862939238191\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.49225629388687,\n              82.86708520508876\n            ],\n            [\n              -173.1770377934791,\n              81.31295045587689\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.35815779559644,\n              77.52761471467934\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.7036592133713,\n              74.51299612473647\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.0116361944457,\n              73.22203342559573\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.21990729069734,\n              70.77962290516786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84bb1e4b0518e3546efe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosher, David C.","contributorId":66118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shimeld, John","contributorId":146869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimeld","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chian, D","contributorId":118639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chian","given":"D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina","contributorId":146870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebedeva-Ivanova","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, Ruth","contributorId":36799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042214,"text":"70042214 - 2012 - 3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-03T15:17:24.593109","indexId":"70042214","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is mapping the distribution of basalt flows and sedimentary interbeds at the Idaho National Laboratory in three dimensions to provide data for refining numerical models of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Paleomagnetic inclination and polarity data from basalt samples from 47 coreholes are being used to create a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the subsurface of the southern part of the INL. Surface and sub-surface basalt flows can be identified in individual cores and traced in three dimensions on the surface and in the subsurface for distances of more than 20 km using a combination of paleomagnetic, stratigraphic, and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar data. Eastern Snake River Plain olivine tholeiite basalts have K<sub>2</sub>O contents of 0.2 to 1.0 weight per cent. In spite of the low-K content, high-precision <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages were obtained by applying a protocol that employs short irradiation times (minimizing interferences from Ca derived <sup>36</sup>Ar), frequent measurement of various size atmospheric Ar pipettes to monitor and correct for temporal variation, and signal size dependent nonlinearity in spectrometer mass bias, resulting in age dates with resolution generally between 2 to 10% of the age. 3-D models of subsurface basalt flows are being used to: (1) Estimate eruption volumes; (2) locate the approximate vent areas and extent of sub-surface flows; and (3) Help locate high and low transmissivity zones. Results indicate that large basalt eruptions (&gt;3 km<sup>3</sup>) occurred at and near the Central Facilities Area between 637 ka and 360 ka; at and near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex before 540 ka; and north of the Naval Reactors Facility at about 580 ka. Since about 360 ka, large basalt flows have erupted along the Arco-Big Southern Butte Volcanic Rift Zone and the Axial Volcanic Zone, and flowed northerly towards the Central Facilities Area. Basalt eruptions shifted the course of the Big Lost River from a more southerly course to its present one.</p>","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Hodges, M., Champion, D.E., Turrin, B.D., and Swisher, C.C., 2012, 3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA), American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042382","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/V13B-2841.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99789047241211,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99789047241211,\n              43.539215993938164\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.539215993938164\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563494aee4b048076347fb85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, Mary K. V. 0000-0001-8708-0354 mkhodges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-0354","contributorId":3023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Mary K. V.","email":"mkhodges@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040721,"text":"70040721 - 2012 - Mechanics of Old Faithful Geyser, Calistoga, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:32:03","indexId":"70040721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T13:50:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanics of Old Faithful Geyser, Calistoga, CA","docAbstract":"In order to probe the subsurface dynamics associated with geyser eruptions, we measured ground deformation at Old Faithful Geyser of Calistoga, CA. We present a physical model in which recharge during the period preceding an eruption is driven by pressure differences relative to the aquifer supplying the geyser. The model predicts that pressure and ground deformation are characterized by an exponential function of time, consistent with our observations. The geyser's conduit is connected to a reservoir at a depth of at least 42 m, and pressure changes in the reservoir can produce the observed ground deformations through either a poroelastic or elastic mechanical model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012GL054012","usgsCitation":"Rudolph, M., Manga, M., Hurwitz, S., Johnston, M.J., Karlstrom, L., and Wang, C., 2012, Mechanics of Old Faithful Geyser, Calistoga, CA: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 24, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL054012.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042117","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl054012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275308,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL054012"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Calistoga","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.602437,38.596588 ], [ -122.602437,38.597143 ], [ -122.601875,38.597143 ], [ -122.601875,38.596588 ], [ -122.602437,38.596588 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"39","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f2e4b0b09fbe58f19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudolph, M.L.","contributorId":93365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudolph","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manga, M.","contributorId":39261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manga","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karlstrom, L.","contributorId":76209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Chun-Yong","contributorId":98893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Chun-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70103843,"text":"70103843 - 2012 - IOOS modeling subsystem: vision and implementation strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T13:48:18","indexId":"70103843","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T13:37:09","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"IOOS modeling subsystem: vision and implementation strategy","docAbstract":"Numerical modeling is vital to achieving the U.S. \nIOOS® goals of predicting, understanding and adapting \nto change in the ocean and Great Lakes. In the next \ndecade IOOS should cultivate a holistic approach to \ncoastal ocean prediction, and encourage more balanced \ninvestment among the observing, modeling and \ninformation management subsystems. We believe the \nvision of a prediction framework driven by \nobservations, and leveraging advanced technology and \nunderstanding of the ocean and Great Lakes, would lead \nto a new era for IOOS that would not only produce \nmore powerful information, but would also capture \nbroad community support, particularly from the general \npublic, thus allowing IOOS to develop into the \ncomprehensive information system that was envisioned \nat the outset.","conferenceTitle":"U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Summit","conferenceDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Herdon, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ocean Observation Committee","usgsCitation":"Rosenfeld, L., Chao, Y., and Signell, R.P., 2012, IOOS modeling subsystem: vision and implementation strategy, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-043124","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287684,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iooc.us/summit/white-paper-submissions/community-white-paper-submissions/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5387056be4b0aa26cd7b53b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfeld, Leslie","contributorId":98386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfeld","given":"Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, Yi","contributorId":54114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70103847,"text":"70103847 - 2012 - Priorities for IOOS<sup>®</sup> Data Management and Communications (DMAC)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-28T13:53:18","indexId":"70103847","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Priorities for IOOS<sup>®</sup> Data Management and Communications (DMAC)","docAbstract":"Dramatic increases in the volume of online data and rapid advances in information technology have transformed many aspects of our society. In the coastal ocean, the amount of data is also growing dramatically due to new sensor and modeling technologies. Lagging behind this deluge of ocean data, however, is an effective framework of standards, protocols, tools and culture needed to transform the way we generate knowledge and value from ocean data. The Data Management and Communications (DMAC) sub-system was envisioned to provide such an information management capability for IOOS®, promoting standards and policies to be implemented by data providers across the IOOS enterprise. DMAC needs to build upon the successes and lessons learned during development of web service standards and promote a set of end-to-end standards and procedures for the entire ocean-data life cycle, including documentation through metadata, quality control and quality assurance, effective data discovery, and stewardship through archiving. Because information technology is constantly changing, a multiyear, top-down design and implementation plan is not workable. DMAC should start by promoting a set of protocols that are functional for specific use cases, creating a modular framework in which modules can be replaced as technologies change. In addition to promoting protocols, DMAC needs to support training, flexible online documentation, support, and social networking that enable users to share code, techniques and experiences. Through this bottom-up approach, trust and understanding will foster adoption by the community. Finally, a compliance and certification process should be developed that allows IOOS to ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while complying with regulatory requirements related to the data. If this approach is followed, we will enable breakthroughs in ocean data–driven technology similar to those common elsewhere in our society, fulfilling the broader mission of IOOS.","conferenceTitle":"U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Summit","conferenceDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Herdon, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ocean Observation Committee","usgsCitation":"Alexander, C., Thomas, J., Benedict, K., Johnson, W., Morrison, R., Andrechik, J., Stabenau, E., Gierach, M., Casey, K., Signell, R.P., Norris, H., Proctor, R., Kirby, K., Snowden, D., de La Beaujardière, J., Howlett, E., Uczekaj, S., Narasimhan, K., Key, E., Trice, M., and Fredericks, J., 2012, Priorities for IOOS<sup>®</sup> Data Management and Communications (DMAC), 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-042941","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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E.","contributorId":59727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stabenau","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gierach, M.","contributorId":17536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gierach","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Casey, K.","contributorId":102800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Norris, H.","contributorId":62526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Proctor, R.","contributorId":34829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proctor","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kirby, K.","contributorId":20259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Snowden, D.","contributorId":26229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snowden","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"de La Beaujardière, J.","contributorId":17435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de La Beaujardière","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Howlett, E.","contributorId":71891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howlett","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Uczekaj, S.","contributorId":35239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uczekaj","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Narasimhan, K.","contributorId":65389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narasimhan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Key, E.","contributorId":49708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Trice, M.","contributorId":28169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trice","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Fredericks, J.","contributorId":35240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70118296,"text":"70118296 - 2012 - Dynamic stresses, coulomb failure, and remote triggering: corrected","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:30:34","indexId":"70118296","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic stresses, coulomb failure, and remote triggering: corrected","docAbstract":"Dynamic stresses associated with crustal surface waves with 15–30 s periods and peak amplitudes <1  MPa are capable of triggering seismicity at sites remote from the generating mainshock under appropriate conditions. Coulomb failure models based on a frictional strength threshold offer one explanation for instances of rapid‐onset triggered seismicity that develop during the surface‐wave peak dynamic stressing. Evaluation of the triggering potential of surface‐wave dynamic stresses acting on critically stressed faults using a Mohr’s circle representation together with the Coulomb failure criteria indicates that Love waves should have a higher triggering potential than Rayleigh waves for most fault orientations and wave incidence angles. That (1) the onset of triggered seismicity often appears to begin during the Rayleigh wave rather than the earlier arriving Love wave, and (2) Love‐wave amplitudes typically exceed those for Rayleigh waves suggests that the explanation for rapid‐onset dynamic triggering may not reside solely with a simple static‐threshold friction mode. The results also indicate that normal faults should be more susceptible to dynamic triggering by 20‐s Rayleigh‐wave stresses than thrust faults in the shallow seismogenic crust (<10  km) while the advantage tips in favor of reverse faults greater depths. This transition depth scales with wavelength and coincides roughly with the transition from retrograde‐to‐prograde particle motion. Locally elevated pore pressures may have a role in the observed prevalence of dynamic triggering in extensional regimes and geothermal/volcanic systems. The result is consistent with the apparent elevated susceptibility of extensional or transtensional tectonic regimes to remote triggering by Rayleigh‐wave dynamic stresses than compressional or transpressional regimes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120120085","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 2012, Dynamic stresses, coulomb failure, and remote triggering: corrected: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2313-2336, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120085.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2313","endPage":"2336","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291153,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120085"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f428e4b0bc0bec0a0df5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118295,"text":"70118295 - 2012 - Surface-wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor-corrected","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T11:53:10","indexId":"70118295","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:51:26","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface-wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor-corrected","docAbstract":"Source processes commonly posed to explain instances of remote dynamic triggering of tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor by surface waves include frictional failure and various modes of fluid activation. The relative potential for Love- and Rayleigh-wave dynamic stresses to trigger tectonic tremor through failure on critically stressed thrust and vertical strike-slip faults under the Coulomb-Griffith failure criteria as a function of incidence angle are anticorrelated over the 15- to 30-km-depth range that hosts tectonic tremor. Love-wave potential is high for strike-parallel incidence on low-angle reverse faults and null for strike-normal incidence; the opposite holds for Rayleigh waves. Love-wave potential is high for both strike-parallel and strike-normal incidence on vertical, strike-slip faults and minimal for ~45° incidence angles. The opposite holds for Rayleigh waves. This pattern is consistent with documented instances of tremor triggered by Love waves incident on the Cascadia megathrust and the San Andreas fault (SAF) in central California resulting from shear failure on weak faults (apparent friction is μ* ≤ 0:2). Documented instances of tremor triggered by surface waves with strike-parallel incidence along the Nankai megathrust beneath Shikoku, Japan, however, are associated primarily with Rayleigh waves. This is consistent with the tremor bursts resulting from mixed-mode failure (crack opening and shear failure) facilitated by near-lithostatic ambient pore pressure, low differential stress, with a moderate friction coefficient (μ ~ 0:6) on the Nankai subduction interface. Rayleigh-wave dilatational stress is relatively weak at tectonic tremor source depths and seems unlikely to contribute significantly to the triggering process, except perhaps for an indirect role on the SAF in sustaining tremor into the Rayleigh-wave coda that was initially triggered by Love waves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120120086","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 2012, Surface-wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor-corrected: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2337-2355, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120086.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2337","endPage":"2355","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291151,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120086"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f428e4b0bc0bec0a0df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70147948,"text":"70147948 - 2012 - Fish assemblages at engineered and natural channel structures in the lower Missouri river: implications for modified dike structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T10:10:52","indexId":"70147948","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages at engineered and natural channel structures in the lower Missouri river: implications for modified dike structures","docAbstract":"<p>Large rivers throughout the world have been modified by using dike structures to divert water flows to deepwater habitats to maintain navigation channels. These modifications have been implicated in the decline in habitat diversity and native fishes. However, dike structures have been modified in the Missouri River USA to increase habitat diversity to aid in the recovery of native fishes. We compared species occupancy and fish community composition at natural sandbars and at notched and un-notched rock dikes along the lower Missouri River to determine if notching dikes increases species diversity or occupancy of native fishes. Fish were collected using gill nets, trammel nets, otter trawls, and mini fyke nets throughout the lower 1212 river km of the Missouri River USA from 2003 to 2006. Few differences in species richness and diversity were evident among engineered dike structures and natural sandbars. Notching a dike structure had no effect on proportional abundance of fluvial dependents, fluvial specialists, and macrohabitat generalists. Occupancy at notched dikes increased for two species but did not differ for 17 other species (81%). Our results suggest that dike structures may provide suitable habitats for fluvial species compared with channel sand bars, but dike notching did not increase abundance or occupancy of most Missouri River fishes. Published in 2011 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.1578","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, J., Paukert, C.P., Doyle, W., Hill, T., Steffensen, K., and Travnichek, V.H., 2012, Fish assemblages at engineered and natural channel structures in the lower Missouri river: implications for modified dike structures: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 10, p. 1695-1707, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1578.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1695","endPage":"1707","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007505","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b2e4b0a92fa7e93be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, J.T.","contributorId":140678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schloesser","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doyle, W.J.","contributorId":140679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, T.","contributorId":21333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steffensen, K.D.","contributorId":140680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffensen","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Travnichek, Vincent H.","contributorId":111523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travnichek","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118262,"text":"70118262 - 2012 - Assessment of boreal forest historical C dynamics in the Yukon River Basin: relative roles of warming and fire regime change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:25:11","indexId":"70118262","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T10:21:09","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of boreal forest historical C dynamics in the Yukon River Basin: relative roles of warming and fire regime change","docAbstract":"Carbon (C) dynamics of boreal forest ecosystems have substantial implications for efforts to mitigate the rise of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and may be substantially influenced by warming and changing wildfire regimes. In this study we applied a large-scale ecosystem model that included dynamics of organic soil horizons and soil organic matter characteristics of multiple pools to assess forest C stock changes of the Yukon River Basin (YRB) in Alaska, USA, and Canada from 1960 through 2006, a period characterized by substantial climate warming and increases in wildfire. The model was calibrated for major forests with data from long-term research sites and evaluated using a forest inventory database. The regional assessment indicates that forest vegetation C storage increased by 46 Tg C, but that total soil C storage did not change appreciably during this period. However, further analysis suggests that C has been continuously lost from the mineral soil horizon since warming began in the 1970s, but has increased in the amorphous organic soil horizon. Based on a factorial experiment, soil C stocks would have increased by 158 Tg C if the YRB had not undergone warming and changes in fire regime. The analysis also identified that warming and changes in fire regime were approximately equivalent in their effects on soil C storage, and interactions between these two suggests that the loss of organic horizon thickness associated with increases in wildfire made deeper soil C stocks more vulnerable to loss via decomposition. Subbasin analyses indicate that C stock changes were primarily sensitive to the fraction of burned forest area within each subbasin and that boreal forest ecosystems in the YRB are currently transitioning from being sinks to sources at ∼0.7% annual area burned. We conclude that it is important for international mitigation efforts focused on controlling atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> to consider how climate warming and changes in fire regime may concurrently affect the CO<sub>2</sub> sink strength of boreal forests. It is also important for large-scale biogeochemical and earth system models to include organic soil dynamics in applications to assess regional C dynamics of boreal forests responding to warming and changes in fire regime.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Tempe, AZ","doi":"10.1890/11-1957.1","usgsCitation":"Yuan, F., Yi, S., McGuire, A., Johnson, K., Liang, J., Harden, J., Kasischke, E., and Kurz, W., 2012, Assessment of boreal forest historical C dynamics in the Yukon River Basin: relative roles of warming and fire regime change: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 8, p. 2091-2109, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1957.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2091","endPage":"2109","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291114,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1957.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f428e4b0bc0bec0a0dfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, F.M.","contributorId":64165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yi, S.H.","contributorId":38481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yi","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K.D.","contributorId":92932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liang, J.","contributorId":80069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kasischke, E.S.","contributorId":61201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kurz, W.A.","contributorId":9867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70058945,"text":"70058945 - 2012 - Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:15:29","indexId":"70058945","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T10:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The well-documented eruptive history of Mount Mazama, Oregon, provides an excellent opportunity to use pre-eruptive volatile concentrations to study the growth of an explosive silicic magmatic system. Melt inclusions (MI) hosted in pyroxene and plagioclase crystals from eight dacitic–rhyodacitic eruptive deposits (71–7.7 ka) were analyzed to determine variations in volatile-element concentrations and changes in magma storage conditions leading up to and including the climactic eruption of Crater Lake caldera. Temperatures (Fe–Ti oxides) increased through the series of dacites, then decreased, and increased again through the rhyodacites (918–968 to ~950 to 845–895 °C). Oxygen fugacity began at nickel–nickel-oxide buffer (NNO) +0.8 (71 ka), dropped slightly to NNO +0.3, and then climbed to its highest value with the climactic eruption (7.7 ka) at NNO +1.1 log units. In parallel with oxidation state, maximum MI sulfur concentrations were high early in the eruptive sequence (~500 ppm), decreased (to ~200 ppm), and then increased again with the climactic eruption (~500 ppm). Maximum MI sulfur correlates with the Sr content (as a proxy for LREE, Ba, Rb, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) of recharge magmas, represented by basaltic andesitic to andesitic enclaves and similar-aged lavas. These results suggest that oxidized Sr-rich recharge magmas dominated early and late in the development of the pre-climactic dacite–rhyodacite system. Dissolved H<sub>2</sub>O concentrations in MI do not, however, correlate with these changes in dominant recharge magma, instead recording vapor solubility relations in the developing shallow magma storage and conduit region. Dissolved H<sub>2</sub>O concentrations form two populations through time: the first at 3–4.6 wt% (with a few extreme values up to 6.1 wt%) and the second at ≤2.4 wt%. CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations measured in a subset of these inclusions reach up to 240 ppm in early-erupted deposits (71 ka) and are below detection in climactic deposits (7.7 ka). Combined H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and solubility models indicate a dominant storage region at 4–7 km (up to 12 km), with drier inclusions that diffusively re-equilibrated and/or were trapped at shallower depths. Boron and Cl (except in the climactic deposit) largely remained in the melt, suggesting vapor–melt partition coefficients and gas fractions were low. Modeled Li, F, and S vapor–melt partition coefficients are higher than those of B and Cl. The decrease in maximum MI CO<sub>2</sub> concentration following the earliest dacitic eruptions is interpreted to result from a broadening of the shallow storage region to greater than the diameter of subjacent feeders, so that greater proportions of reservoir magma were to the side of CO<sub>2</sub>-bearing vapor bubbles ascending vertically from the locus of recharge magma injection, thereby escaping recarbonation by streaming vapor bubbles. The Mazama melt inclusions provide a picture of a growing magma storage region, where chemical variations in melt and magma occur due to changes in the nature and supply rate of magma recharge, the timing of degassing, and the possible degree of equilibration with gases from below.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8","usgsCitation":"Wright, H.M., Bacon, C.R., Vazquez, J.A., and Sisson, T.W., 2012, Sixty thousand years of magmatic volatile history before the caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 164, no. 6, p. 1027-1052, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1052","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-037119","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280346,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0787-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,40.0 ], [ -130.0,50.0 ], [ -120.0,50.0 ], [ -120.0,40.0 ], [ -130.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"164","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7306e4b0b29085108ae9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70128641,"text":"70128641 - 2012 - Identifying potential habitat for the endangered Aleutian shield fern using topographical characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T08:45:34","indexId":"70128641","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T08:43:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying potential habitat for the endangered Aleutian shield fern using topographical characteristics","docAbstract":"The Aleutian shield fern <i>Polystichum aleuticum</i> is endemic to the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska and is listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Despite numerous efforts to discover new populations of this species, only four known populations are documented to date, and information is needed to prioritize locations for future surveys. Therefore, we incorporated topographical habitat characteristics (elevation, slope, aspect, distance from coastline, and anthropogenic footprint) found at known Aleutian shield fern locations into a Geographical Information System (GIS) model to create a habitat suitability map for the entirety of the Andreaonof Islands. A total of 18 islands contained 489.26 km<sup>2</sup> of highly suitable and moderately suitable habitat when weighting each factor equally. This study reports a habitat suitability map for the endangered Aleutian shield fern using topographical characteristics, which can be used to assist current and future recovery efforts for the species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish And Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3996/032012-JFWM-023","usgsCitation":"Duarte, A., Wolcott, D.M., and Chow, T.E., 2012, Identifying potential habitat for the endangered Aleutian shield fern using topographical characteristics: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 303-310, https://doi.org/10.3996/032012-JFWM-023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-041041","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/032012-jfwm-023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/032012-JFWM-023"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b29e4b0fd76af69cf11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":79822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolcott, Daniel M.","contributorId":65023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chow, T. Edwin Ricca Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":46027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chow","given":"T.","suffix":"Ricca, Mark A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edwin Ricca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043960,"text":"70043960 - 2012 - Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T12:32:59","indexId":"70043960","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<h1>Study Summary</h1>\n<p>The influence of stream flow on salmon smolt emigration survival is a topic of widespread management interest. We collected smolt survival data to inform flow management decisions in the Yakima Basin. The Yakima River watershed drains the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountain Range in central Washington State. The upper basin is comprised of two major tributaries&ndash;the Naches River and the upper Yakima River. Headwater storage reservoirs capture runoff during the winter and spring seasons to support downstream irrigation needs. During summer months, water is conveyed through the upper Yakima River and diverted at Roza Dam, a major irrigation diversion that supplies water to the Roza Irrigation District and to a hydroelectric plant located near Yakima, Washington.</p>\n<p>To assess smolt survival in the 18 km reach downstream of Roza Dam, a radio telemetry project will be carried out over a three-year timeframe. The first year of study was designed to provide baseline survival estimates at two distinct flow treatments during the spring migration period. The goal was to establish flow treatments that were as divergent as possible in order to maximize the observed effect of environmental conditions on smolt survival. In total, three experimental trials were carried out in 2012&ndash;one during low flow conditions (&lt;600 cfs) and two during high flows (&gt;3000 cfs). Data from the first year will be used to determine experimental design requirements to adequately address study objectives in years two and three.</p>\n<p>In the spring of 2012, fixed telemetry monitoring stations were established in strategic locations upstream and downstream of Roza Dam. Yearling Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> smolts originating from Cle Elum Hatchery were captured at the Roza Dam fish screen bypass facility, implanted with radio tags, and released upstream of Roza Dam. Each release group of 50 fish was paired with a high or low flow condition. Fish movements were tracked as tagged fish passed each monitoring station during their migration down the upper Yakima River, through Roza Dam, past the Naches River confluence, and eventually through Sunnyside and Prosser Dams. At the conclusion of field data collection, survival rates for each release group were calculated using Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture models.</p>\n<p>Yearling Chinook smolt survival and travel time estimates from 2012 suggest that migration rates and survival rates in the Roza Reach may be associated with stream flow, water temperature, release timing (i.e. migratory disposition), and fish size, but the extent to which each variable influenced survival is yet to be determined. The lowest survival rate (61%) and longest travel time (median 2.26 days) was observed in Release Group 1, which had the smallest size distribution and experienced the lowest flows, lowest temperatures, and earliest release date among the three groups. Release Groups 2 and 3 survived at 96% and 98% respectively and traveled through the Roza Reach in less than eight hours. The primary focus of years two and three of this study will be to collect data that minimizes the effect of confounding explanatory variables, so that flow effects on emigration survival can be quantified independent of these other influential factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cramer Fish Sciences","collaboration":"Annual report prepared for: Yakima Basin Joint Board, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, System Operations Advisory Committee","usgsCitation":"Courter, Garrison, Kock, T.J., and Perry, R.W., 2012, Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042239","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fishsciences.net/reports/view_report.php?rid=6222"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Naches River, Roza Reach, Yakima River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              47.33510005753562\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.783935546875,\n              47.33510005753562\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.783935546875,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb2e4b0b13d3919a32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courter, Ian","contributorId":121196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courter","suffix":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, Tommy","contributorId":115917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","suffix":"Tommy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042602,"text":"70042602 - 2012 - Scriptaid and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine enhanced expression of pluripotent genes and in vitro developmental competence in interspecies Black-footed cat cloned embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T11:29:27","indexId":"70042602","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3260,"text":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scriptaid and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine enhanced expression of pluripotent genes and in vitro developmental competence in interspecies Black-footed cat cloned embryos","docAbstract":"Somatic cell nuclear transfer offers the possibility of preserving endangered species including the black-footed cat, which is threatened with extinction. The effectiveness and efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on a variety of factors, but 'inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming of the transplanted nucleus is the primary cause of the developmental failure of cloned embryos. Abnormal epigenetic events such as DNA methylation and histone modifications during SCNT perturb the expression of imprinted and pluripotent-related genes that, consequently, may result in foetal and neonatal abnormalities. We have demonstrated that pregnancies can be established after transfer of black-footed cat cloned embryos into domestic cat recipients, but none of the implanted embryos developed to term and the foetal failure has been associated to aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos. There is growing evidence that modifying the epigenetic pattern of the chromatin template of both donor cells and reconstructed embryos with a combination of inhibitors of histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases results in enhanced gene reactivation and improved in vitro and in vivo developmental competence. Epigenetic modifications of the chromatin template of black-footed cat donor cells and reconstructed embryos with epigenetic-modifying compounds enhanced in vitro development, and regulated the expression of pluripotent genes, but these epigenetic modifications did not improve in vivo developmental competence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1111/rda.12027","usgsCitation":"Gomez, M.C., Biancardi, M., Jenkins, J., Dumas, C., Galiguis, J., Wang, G., and Earle Pope, C., 2012, Scriptaid and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine enhanced expression of pluripotent genes and in vitro developmental competence in interspecies Black-footed cat cloned embryos: Reproduction in Domestic Animals, v. 47, no. Suppl. 6, p. 130-135, https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12027.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-038422","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265636,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.12027"}],"country":"United States","volume":"47","issue":"Suppl. 6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a9ce4b04c194073ae4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez, M. C.","contributorId":12341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biancardi, M.N.","contributorId":90610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biancardi","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":471912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumas, C.","contributorId":103939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumas","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galiguis, J.","contributorId":88228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galiguis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, G.","contributorId":11034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Earle Pope, C.","contributorId":69857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle Pope","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042663,"text":"70042663 - 2012 - Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, <i></i>ncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T14:38:38","indexId":"70042663","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, <i></i>ncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"<p>Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Fish were sampled from the John Day River basin in northeast Oregon where both anadromous (\"steelhead\") and freshwater resident rainbow trout coexist. Larger males with higher lipid levels had a greater probability of maturing as a resident at age-1+. Among males, 38% were maturing overall, and the odds ratios of the logistic model indicated that the probability of a male maturing early as a resident at age-1+ increased 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-81%) for every 5 mm increase in length and 33% (95% CI = 10-61%) for every 0.5% increase in whole body lipid content. There was an inverse association between individual condition and water temperature as growth was greater in warmer streams while whole body lipid content was higher in cooler streams. Our results support predictions from life history theory and further suggest that relationships between individual condition, maturation, and environmental variables (e.g., water temperature) are shaped by complex developmental and evolutionary influences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0","usgsCitation":"McMillan, J.R., Dunham, J., Reeves, G.H., Mills, J.S., and Jordan, C.E., 2012, Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, <i></i>ncorhynchus mykiss: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 93, no. 3, p. 343-355, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-034205","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"John Day River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80639648437499,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80639648437499,\n              45.71385093029221\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              45.71385093029221\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f32de4b04edf7e93f8e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMillan, John R.","contributorId":27905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, Justin S.","contributorId":56944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, Chris E.","contributorId":88233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041526,"text":"pp1794A2 - 2012 - Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:41","indexId":"pp1794A2","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-2","title":"Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Puget Lowland Ecoregion covers an area of approximately 18,009 km² (6,953 mi²) within northwestern Washington (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is located between the Coast Range Ecoregion to the west, which includes the Olympic Mountains, and the North Cascades and the Cascades Ecoregions to the east, which include the Cascade Range. From the north, the ecoregion follows the Interstate 5 corridor, from the Canadian border south through Bellingham, Seattle, Olympia, and Longview, Washington, to the northern border of the Willamette Valley Ecoregion. The Puget Lowland Ecoregion borders the shoreline of the greater Puget Sound, a complex bay and saltwater estuary fed by spring freshwater runoff from the Olympic Mountains and Cascade Range watersheds. The ecoregion is situated in a continental glacial trough that has many islands, peninsulas, and bays. Relief is moderate, with elevations ranging from sea level to 460 m but averaging approximately 150 m (DellaSala and others, 2001). Proximity to the Pacific Ocean gives the Puget Lowland Ecoregion its mild maritime climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999). Mean annual temperature is 10.5°C, with an average of 4.1°C in January and 17.7°C in July (Guttman and Quayle, 1996). Average annual precipitation ranges from 800 to 900 mm, but some areas in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains receive as little as 460 mm (DellaSala and others, 2001). Varying annual average precipitation greatly influences vegetation and soil type in the ecoregion. In the Puget Lowland Ecoregion, soils are dominated by Inceptisols in the north and Ultisols in the south (Jones, 2003). Before European settlement, most of the ecoregion was covered by coniferous forests, with species composition dependent on local climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999). The World Wildlife Fund places the Puget Lowland Ecoregion in the Western Hemlock Vegetation Zone. Although this vegetation zone is named after the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the dominant tree species. Seattle, which had an estimated population of 563,376 in 2000, is the largest city in the Puget Lowland Ecoregion (Puget Sound Regional Council, 2001). The greater Seattle metropolitan area, comprising Seattle, Tacoma, Bellevue, and Bremerton, had an estimated population of 3.5 million people in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Other sizable cities in the ecoregion include the state capital Olympia, as well as Tacoma, Bellingham, and Everett, Washington. The center of the Puget Lowland Ecoregion is dominated by the Seattle metropolitan area and developed land cover, whereas agriculture occurs mainly on river floodplains in the north and south. The remainder of the ecoregion area is dominated by forest land cover (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A2","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-2, Chapter 2: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A2.","productDescription":"Chapter 2: 8 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_2.jpg"},{"id":263819,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters"},{"id":263817,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter02.pdf"},{"id":263818,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascades;Puget","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,46.0 ], [ -124.0,49.0 ], [ -121.5,49.0 ], [ -121.5,46.0 ], [ -124.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e71e4b0b57f2415d20a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042605,"text":"pp1794A15 - 2012 - Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:25","indexId":"pp1794A15","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-15","title":"Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter has been modified from original material published in Raumann and Soulard (2007), entitled “Land-cover trends of the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, 1973–2000” (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5011). The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion covers approximately 53,413 km² (20,623 mi²) with the majority of the area (98 percent) in California and the remainder in Nevada (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion is generally oriented north-south and is essentially defined by the Sierra Nevada physiographic province, which separates California’s Central Valley to the west from the Great Basin to the east. It is bounded by seven other ecoregions: Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion on the west; Klamath Mountains and Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregions on the north; Southern California Mountains Ecoregion on the south; and Northern Basin and Range, Central Basin and Range, and Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregions on the east (fig. 1). The Sierra Nevada range is a granitic batholith, much of which is exposed at higher elevations, with a gradual western slope and a generally steep eastern escarpment.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A15","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Raumann, C.G., and Soulard, C.E., 2012, Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-15, Chapter 15: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A15.","productDescription":"Chapter 15: 9 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_15.jpg"},{"id":265648,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265646,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265647,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter15.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,35.5 ], [ -122.0,41.0 ], [ -117.9,41.0 ], [ -117.9,35.5 ], [ -122.0,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53712e4b0114312ab024b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041264,"text":"70041264 - 2012 - Interactions between methylmercury and selenomethionine injected into mallard eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-01T12:07:54","indexId":"70041264","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between methylmercury and selenomethionine injected into mallard eggs","docAbstract":"Methylmercury chloride and seleno-L-methionine were injected separately or in combinations into mallard eggs (Anas platyrhynchos), and embryo mortality and teratogenic effects (deformities) were modeled using a logistic regression model.  Methylmercury was injected at doses that resulted in concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 µg/g Hg in the egg on a wet weight basis and selenomethionine at doses that resulted in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 µg/g Se in the egg, also on a wet weight basis.  When selenomethionine and methylmercury were injected separately, hatching probability decreased in both cases.  However, when methylmercury was injected at 1.6 µg/g in combination with selenomethionine at 0.2 µg/g, the presence of the methylmercury resulted in less embryo mortality than had been seen with 0.2 µg/g Se by itself, but it increased the number of deformed embryos and hatchlings.  Selenomethionine appeared to be more embryotoxic than equivalent doses of methylmercury when injected into eggs, and both injected methylmercury and selenomethionine were more toxic to mallard embryos than when deposited naturally in the egg by the mother.  The underlying mechanisms behind the interactions between methylmercury and selenomethionine and why methylmercury appeared to improve hatching probability of Se-dosed eggs yet increased deformities when the two compounds were combined are unclear.  These findings warrant further studies to understand these mechanisms in both laboratory and field settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.1708","usgsCitation":"Klimstra, J., Yee, J., Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., and Stebbins, K., 2012, Interactions between methylmercury and selenomethionine injected into mallard eggs: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 3, p. 579-584, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1708.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-030115","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263534,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1708"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df326ee4b0dfbe79e6a1b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimstra, J.D.","contributorId":62328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimstra","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, J.L.","contributorId":25496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stebbins, K.R.","contributorId":55558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stebbins","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176442,"text":"70176442 - 2012 - Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:02:32.884896","indexId":"70176442","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquifer overexploitation could significantly impact crop production in the United States because 60% of irrigation relies on groundwater. Groundwater depletion in the irrigated High Plains and California Central Valley accounts for ∼50% of groundwater depletion in the United States since 1900. A newly developed High Plains recharge map shows that high recharge in the northern High Plains results in sustainable pumpage, whereas lower recharge in the central and southern High Plains has resulted in focused depletion of 330 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of fossil groundwater, mostly recharged during the past 13,000 y. Depletion is highly localized with about a third of depletion occurring in 4% of the High Plains land area. Extrapolation of the current depletion rate suggests that 35% of the southern High Plains will be unable to support irrigation within the next 30 y. Reducing irrigation withdrawals could extend the lifespan of the aquifer but would not result in sustainable management of this fossil groundwater. The Central Valley is a more dynamic, engineered system, with north/south diversions of surface water since the 1950s contributing to ∼7× higher recharge. However, these diversions are regulated because of impacts on endangered species. A newly developed Central Valley Hydrologic Model shows that groundwater depletion since the 1960s, totaling 80 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, occurs mostly in the south (Tulare Basin) and primarily during droughts. Increasing water storage through artificial recharge of excess surface water in aquifers by up to 3 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;shows promise for coping with droughts and improving sustainability of groundwater resources in the Central Valley.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1200311109","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Faunt, C., Longuevergne, L., Reedy, R., Alley, W.M., McGuire, V.L., and McMahon, P.B., 2012, Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 109, no. 24, p. 9320-9325, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200311109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9320","endPage":"9325","ipdsId":"IP-036663","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-00710431","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorago, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley, High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.0478515625,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.091796875,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68505859375,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97021484374999,\n              39.9602803542957\n            ],\n           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\"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.42578124999999,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.580078125,\n              37.09023980307208\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.283203125,\n              38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.55859375,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.380859375,\n              43.51668853502906\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.29296874999999,\n              39.436192999314095\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.32617187499999,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.974609375,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.42578124999999,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da74b3e4b090824ffb7e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":150147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longuevergne, Laurent","contributorId":83014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longuevergne","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reedy, Robert C.","contributorId":92956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"Robert C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70160578,"text":"70160578 - 2012 - Evaluating the negative effect of benthic egg predators on bloater recruitment in northern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T14:27:49","indexId":"70160578","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Evaluating the negative effect of benthic egg predators on bloater recruitment in northern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>As the only extant deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">cisco</span><span> in Lake Michigan, bloater is currently at record low levels of abundance.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Several mechanisms to regulate their recruitment have been proposed, including skewed sex ratios, predation on their larvae by adult alewife, and climatic factors during early life history stages, but none has unequivocal support.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In this research, we evaluated an alternative mechanism of egg predation that was supported by an inverse relationship between bloater recruitment and biomass of slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>, which are known to be effective egg predators.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>To that end, we used a combination of field sampling, laboratory experiments, and modeling to estimate the proportion of bloater eggs consumed by </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span> each year between 1973 and 2008.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Monthly field sampling between January through May 2009-2010 (when bloater eggs were incubating) offshore of Frankfort (Michigan), Sturgeon Bay (Wisconsin), Two Rivers (Wisconsin), and Muskegon (Michigan) provided </span><span class=\"SpellE\">benthivore</span><span> diets for subsequent laboratory processing.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Identification and enumeration of stomach contents and subsequent genetic analyses of eggs revealed that the mean proportion of bloater eggs in slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> diets (N = 1016) equaled 0.04.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Bloater eggs also were consumed by deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span> (N = 699) at a slightly lower mean proportion (0.02), and only one round goby diet among 552 enumerated revealed a bloater egg.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Based on the diet results, we developed daily ration models to estimate consumption for both deepwater and slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span>.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>We conducted feeding experiments to estimate gastric evacuation (GEVAC) for water temperatures ranging 2-5 °C, similar to those observed during egg incubation.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>GEVAC rates equaled 0.0115/ h for slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> and 0.0147/h for deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>, and did not vary between 2.7 and 5.1 °C for either species or between prey types (</span><i>Mysis <span class=\"SpellE\">relicta</span></i><span> and fish eggs) for slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Index of fullness [(g prey/g fish weight)100%] was estimated from </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span> sampled in bottom trawls in the same seasons and years as the diets, and varied with fish size (averaging 1.93% and 1.85% for slimy and deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span>, respectively).</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Estimates of daily consumption ranged from 0.2-0.8% of </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> body weight.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Annual estimates of bloater egg consumption predicted higher values for deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> than slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> between 1973 and 2005.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>This pattern was reversed in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 as slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> abundance increased while that of deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> declined.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>The sum of </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> consumption of bloater eggs exceeded 25% of bloater population egg production early (1975-1980) and late (2008-2010) in the time series.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Despite the strong field pattern implicating egg predation by slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>, our consumption models failed to fully support this hypothesis.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In particular, our results were unable to explain why bloater recruitment was relatively poor during 1995-2005 when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was very low (</span><u>&lt;</u><span> 0.06).</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>The results did, however, demonstrate that bloater recruitment was consistently poor when the proportion of eggs consumed was relatively high.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In conclusion, consumption by native </span><span class=\"SpellE\">benthivores</span><span> can be a contributing factor to poor recruitment of bloater, especially when slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> reach high levels of abundance.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>This result exemplifies the importance of ecosystem-based fishery management, given that the maintenance of healthy lake trout populations in the Great Lakes should control the abundance of slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> egg predators.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In addition, future research will be required to fully understand the primary bottleneck to bloater recruitment in Lake Michigan so that efforts to stock and restore bloater in Lake Ontario have a greater probability of resulting in naturalized and sustainable 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,{"id":70041066,"text":"70041066 - 2012 - Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:17:18","indexId":"70041066","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data","docAbstract":"1. The Argos System is used worldwide to satellite-track free-ranging animals, but location errors can range from tens of metres to hundreds of kilometres. Low-quality locations (Argos classes A, 0, B and Z) dominate animal tracking data. Standard-quality animal tracking locations (Argos classes 3, 2 and 1) have larger errors than those reported in Argos manuals.\n2. The Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) algorithm flags implausible locations based on user-defined thresholds that allow the algorithm's performance to be tuned to species' movement behaviours and study objectives. The algorithm is available in Movebank – a free online infrastructure for storing, managing, sharing and analysing animal movement data.\n3. We compared 21,044 temporally paired global positioning system (GPS) locations with Argos location estimates collected from Argos transmitters on free-ranging waterfowl and condors (13 species, 314 individuals, 54,895 animal-tracking days). The 95th error percentiles for unfiltered Argos locations 0, A, B and Z were within 35·8, 59·6, 163·2 and 220·2 km of the true location, respectively. After applying DAF with liberal thresholds, roughly 20% of the class 0 and A locations and 45% of the class B and Z locations were excluded, and the 95th error percentiles were reduced to 17·2, 15·0, 20·9 and 18·6 km for classes 0, A, B and Z, respectively. As thresholds were applied more conservatively, fewer locations were retained, but they possessed higher overall accuracy.\n4. Douglas Argos-filter can improve data accuracy by 50–90% and is an effective and flexible tool for preparing Argos data for direct biological interpretation or subsequent modelling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x","usgsCitation":"Douglas, D.C., Weinziert, R., Davidson, S.C., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., and Bohrer, G., 2012, Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 6, p. 999-1007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1007","ipdsId":"IP-039258","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00245.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263566,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c82e4b08b071e771baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weinziert, Rolf","contributorId":24665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinziert","given":"Rolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, Sarah C.","contributorId":31651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kays, Roland","contributorId":83815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kays","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wikelski, Martin","contributorId":76451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohrer, Gil","contributorId":66569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrer","given":"Gil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041079,"text":"70041079 - 2012 - Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in tundra swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:36:44","indexId":"70041079","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in tundra swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds","docAbstract":"Tundra swans (<i>Cygnus columbianus</i>) are broadly distributed in North America, use a wide variety of habitats, and exhibit diverse migration strategies. We investigated patterns of hematozoa infection in three populations of tundra swans that breed in Alaska using satellite tracking to infer host movement and molecular techniques to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of parasites. We evaluated whether migratory patterns and environmental conditions at breeding areas explain the prevalence of blood parasites in migratory birds by contrasting the fit of competing models formulated in an occupancy modeling framework and calculating the detection probability of the top model using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We described genetic diversity of blood parasites in each population of swans by calculating the number of unique parasite haplotypes observed. Blood parasite infection was significantly different between populations of Alaska tundra swans, with the highest estimated prevalence occurring among birds occupying breeding areas with lower mean daily wind speeds and higher daily summer temperatures. Models including covariates of wind speed and temperature during summer months at breeding grounds better predicted hematozoa prevalence than those that included annual migration distance or duration. Genetic diversity of blood parasites in populations of tundra swans appeared to be relative to hematozoa prevalence. Our results suggest ecological conditions at breeding grounds may explain differences of hematozoa infection among populations of tundra swans that breed in Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0045789","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Ely, C.R., Schmutz, J.A., Pearce, J.M., and Heard, D.J., 2012, Molecular detection of hematozoa infections in tundra swans relative to migration patterns and ecological conditions at breeding grounds: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 9, e45789; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045789.","productDescription":"e45789; 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039618","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045789","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263568,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045789"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e06fa0e4b0fec3206ed1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heard, Darryl J.","contributorId":90998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042368,"text":"70042368 - 2012 - Evaluation of modal pushover-based scaling of one component of ground motion:  Tall buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-14T12:58:00","indexId":"70042368","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of modal pushover-based scaling of one component of ground motion:  Tall buildings","docAbstract":"Nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) is now increasingly used for performance-based seismic design of tall buildings. Required for nonlinear RHAs is a set of ground motions selected and scaled appropriately so that analysis results would be accurate (unbiased) and efficient (having relatively small dispersion). This paper evaluates accuracy and efficiency of recently developed modal pushover–based scaling (MPS) method to scale ground motions for tall buildings. The procedure presented explicitly considers structural strength and is based on the standard intensity measure (IM) of spectral acceleration in a form convenient for evaluating existing structures or proposed designs for new structures. Based on results presented for two actual buildings (19 and 52 stories, respectively), it is demonstrated that the MPS procedure provided a highly accurate estimate of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs), accompanied by significantly reduced record-to-record variability of the responses. In addition, the MPS procedure is shown to be superior to the scaling procedure specified in the ASCE/SEI 7-05 document.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.4000091","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Chopra, A.K., 2012, Evaluation of modal pushover-based scaling of one component of ground motion:  Tall buildings: Earthquake Spectra, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1469-1493, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000091.","startPage":"1469","endPage":"1493","ipdsId":"IP-022400","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267394,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000091"},{"id":267395,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/ekalkan/PDFs/A85_Kalkan_Chopra.pdf"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511e1586e4b071e86a19a440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chopra, Anil K.","contributorId":79202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chopra","given":"Anil","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045157,"text":"70045157 - 2012 - Seismic velocity model of the central United States (Version 1): Description and simulation of the 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T14:18:27","indexId":"70045157","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocity model of the central United States (Version 1): Description and simulation of the 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>We have developed a new three‐dimensional seismic velocity model of the central United States (CUSVM) that includes the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) and covers parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The model represents a compilation of decades of crustal research consisting of seismic, aeromagnetic, and gravity profiles; geologic mapping; geophysical and geological borehole logs; and inversions of the regional seismic properties. The density, <i>P</i>‐ and <i>S</i>‐wave velocities are synthesized in a stand‐alone spatial database that can be queried to generate the required input for numerical seismic‐wave propagation simulations. We test and calibrate the CUSVM by simulating ground motions of the 18 April 2008 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 5.4 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, earthquake and comparing the results with observed records within the model area. The selected stations in the comparisons reflect different geological site conditions and cover distances ranging from 10 to 430 km from the epicenter. The results, based on a qualitative and quantitative goodness‐of‐fit (GOF) characterization, indicate that both within and outside the Mississippi Embayment the CUSVM reasonably reproduces: (1) the body and surface‐wave arrival times and (2) the observed regional variations in ground‐motion amplitude, cumulative energy, duration, and frequency content up to a frequency of 1.0 Hz. In addition, we discuss the probable structural causes for the ground‐motion patterns in the central United States that we observed in the recorded motions of the 18 April Mt. Carmel earthquake.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120110303","usgsCitation":"Ramírez‐Guzmán, L., Boyd, O.S., Hartzell, S.H., and Williams, R., 2012, Seismic velocity model of the central United States (Version 1): Description and simulation of the 18 April 2008 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2622-2645, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110303.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2622","endPage":"2645","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037208","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P939E3EZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Code to access the Central United States Velocity Model, v1.3"},{"id":438801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P995PCQY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Database for the Central United States Velocity Model, v1.3"},{"id":272159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272152,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/​0120110303"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Mt. 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,{"id":70148135,"text":"70148135 - 2012 - A Bayesian spawning habitat suitability model for American shad in southeastern United States rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T10:43:42","indexId":"70148135","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian spawning habitat suitability model for American shad in southeastern United States rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat suitability index models for American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span>&nbsp;were developed by Stier and Crance in 1985. These models, which were based on a combination of published information and expert opinion, are often used to make decisions about hydropower dam operations and fish passage. The purpose of this study was to develop updated habitat suitability index models for spawning American shad in the southeastern United States, building on the many field and laboratory studies completed since 1985. We surveyed biologists who had knowledge about American shad spawning grounds, assembled a panel of experts to discuss important habitat variables, and used raw data from published and unpublished studies to develop new habitat suitability curves. The updated curves are based on resource selection functions, which can model habitat selectivity based on use and availability of particular habitats. Using field data collected in eight rivers from Virginia to Florida (Mattaponi, Pamunkey, Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, Pee Dee, St. Johns), we obtained new curves for temperature, current velocity, and depth that were generally similar to the original models. Our new suitability function for substrate was also similar to the original pattern, except that sand (optimal in the original model) has a very low estimated suitability. The Bayesian approach that we used to develop habitat suitability curves provides an objective framework for updating the model as new studies are completed and for testing the model's applicability in other parts of the species' range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/082011-JFWM-047","usgsCitation":"Hightower, J.E., Harris, J., Raabe, J.K., Brownell, P., and Drew, C.A., 2012, A Bayesian spawning habitat suitability model for American shad in southeastern United States rivers: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 184-198, https://doi.org/10.3996/082011-JFWM-047.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032269","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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K.","contributorId":140952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raabe","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brownell, Prescott","contributorId":54514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Prescott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drew, C. Ashton","contributorId":140953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045239,"text":"70045239 - 2012 - The past as prelude to the future for understanding 21st-century climate effects on Rocky Mountain Trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T11:19:04","indexId":"70045239","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The past as prelude to the future for understanding 21st-century climate effects on Rocky Mountain Trout","docAbstract":"Bioclimatic models predict large reductions in native trout across the Rocky Mountains in the 21st century but lack details about how changes will occur. Through five case histories across the region, we explore how a changing climate has been affecting streams and the potential consequences for trout. Monitoring records show trends in temperature and hydrographs consistent with a warming climate in recent decades. Biological implications include upstream shifts in thermal habitats, risk of egg scour, increased wildfire disturbances, and declining summer habitat volumes. The importance of these factors depends on the context, but temperature increases are most relevant where population boundaries are mediated by thermal constraints. Summer flow declines and wildfires will be important where trout populations are fragmented and constrained to small refugia. A critical information gap is evidence documenting how populations are adjusting to long-term habitat trends, so biological monitoring is a priority. Biological, temperature, and discharge data from monitoring networks could be used to develop accurate vulnerability assessments that provide information regarding where conservation actions would best improve population resilience. Even with better information, future uncertainties will remain large due to unknowns regarding Earth's ultimate warming trajectory and how effects translate across scales. Maintaining or increasing the size of habitats could provide a buffer against these uncertainties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2012.742808","usgsCitation":"Isaak, D.J., Muhlfeld, C.C., Todd, A., Al-chokhachy, R., Roberts, J., Kershner, J.L., Fausch, K., and Hostetler, S.W., 2012, The past as prelude to the future for understanding 21st-century climate effects on Rocky Mountain Trout: Fisheries, v. 37, no. 12, p. 542-556, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.742808.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"542","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-036943","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271460,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.742808"},{"id":271461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.43,33.09 ], [ -123.43,49.46 ], [ -103.25,49.46 ], [ -103.25,33.09 ], [ -123.43,33.09 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a506ee4b072c16ef14b61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Isaak, Daniel J.","contributorId":57202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S.","contributorId":33162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-chokhachy, Robert","contributorId":90194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-chokhachy","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, James","contributorId":17509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fausch, Kurt D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":29370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"Kurt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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