Avian malaria is an important cause of the decline of endemic Hawaiian honeycreepers. Because of the complexity of this disease system we used a computer model of avian malaria in forest birds to evaluate how two proposed conservation strategies: 1) reduction of habitat for mosquito larvae and 2) establishment of a low-elevation, malaria-tolerant honeycreeper (Hawaii Amakihi) to mid-elevation forests would affect native Hawaiian honeycreeper populations. We evaluated these approaches in mid-elevation forests, where malaria transmission is seasonal and control strategies are more likely to work. Our model suggests the potential benefit of larval habitat reduction depends on the level of malaria transmission, abundance of larval cavities, and the ability to substantially reduce these cavities. Permanent reduction in larval habitat of >80% may be needed to control abundance of infectious mosquitoes and benefit bird populations. Establishment of malaria-tolerant Amakihi in mid-elevation forests increases Amakihi abundance, creates a larger disease reservoir, and increases the abundance of infectious mosquitoes which may negatively impact other honeycreepers. For mid-elevation sites where bird populations are severely affected by avian malaria, malaria-tolerant Amakihi had little impact on other honeycreepers. Both management strategies may benefit native Hawaiian honeycreepers, but benefits depend on specific forest characteristics, the amount of reduction in larval habitat that can be achieved, and how malaria transmission is affected by temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0049594","usgsCitation":"Hobbelen, P.H., Samuel, M.D., Lapointe, D., and Atkinson, C.T., 2012, Modeling future conservation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers by mosquito management and translocation of disease-tolerant Amakihi: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 11, e49594; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049594.","productDescription":"e49594; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032865","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474260,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049594","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.45104980468747,\n 19.173707101602126\n ],\n [\n -155.45104980468747,\n 19.753779295786902\n ],\n [\n -154.7918701171875,\n 19.753779295786902\n ],\n [\n -154.7918701171875,\n 19.173707101602126\n ],\n [\n -155.45104980468747,\n 19.173707101602126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088688e4b0f497e78e24d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbelen, Peter H. F.","contributorId":175389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbelen","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPointe, Dennis A. 0000-0002-6323-263X dlapointe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-263X","contributorId":150365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"Dennis","email":"dlapointe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040837,"text":"70040837 - 2012 - Environmental fate model for ultra-low-volume insecticide applications used for adult mosquito management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-20T20:31:43","indexId":"70040837","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental fate model for ultra-low-volume insecticide applications used for adult mosquito management","docAbstract":"One of the more effective ways of managing high densities of adult mosquitoes that vector human and animal pathogens is ultra-low-volume (ULV) aerosol applications of insecticides. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency uses models that are not validated for ULV insecticide applications and exposure assumptions to perform their human and ecological risk assessments. Currently, there is no validated model that can accurately predict deposition of insecticides applied using ULV technology for adult mosquito management. In addition, little is known about the deposition and drift of small droplets like those used under conditions encountered during ULV applications. The objective of this study was to perform field studies to measure environmental concentrations of insecticides and to develop a validated model to predict the deposition of ULV insecticides. The final regression model was selected by minimizing the Bayesian Information Criterion and its prediction performance was evaluated using k-fold cross validation. Density of the formulation and the density and CMD interaction coefficients were the largest in the model. The results showed that as density of the formulation decreases, deposition increases. The interaction of density and CMD showed that higher density formulations and larger droplets resulted in greater deposition. These results are supported by the aerosol physics literature. A k-fold cross validation demonstrated that the mean square error of the selected regression model is not biased, and the mean square error and mean square prediction error indicated good predictive ability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.059","usgsCitation":"Schleier, J.J., Peterson, R.K., Irvine, K.M., Marshall, L.M., Weaver, D.K., and Preftakes, C.J., 2012, Environmental fate model for ultra-low-volume insecticide applications used for adult mosquito management: Science of the Total Environment, v. 438, p. 72-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.059.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-035733","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.059"}],"volume":"438","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca66ce4b0ae6a8f88bb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleier, Jerome J. III","contributorId":22220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleier","given":"Jerome","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Robert K.D.","contributorId":17890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marshall, Lucy M.","contributorId":58162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weaver, David K.","contributorId":56941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Preftakes, Collin J.","contributorId":75032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preftakes","given":"Collin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040830,"text":"fs20123130 - 2012 - Summary of the reconnaissance investigation of the diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-20T10:02:31","indexId":"fs20123130","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3130","title":"Summary of the reconnaissance investigation of the diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire","docAbstract":"This study presents the results of a multiyear effort to monitor the diamond mining activities of Côte d’Ivoire’s two main diamond regions, Séguéla and Tortiya. The innovative approach developed for this study integrates archival reports and maps, high-resolution satellite imagery, and terrain modeling to assess the diamond resource potential and production capacity of the Séguéla and Tortiya deposits.\n\nA geologic resource assessment was conducted to calculate the remaining diamond reserves for Séguéla and Tortiya using archival geologic data, including gravel grade and thickness recorded by the Ivorian mining company Société pour le Développement Minier (SODEMI). These data were combined with terrain analysis and geomorphological maps in a geological process-driven model. After accounting for previous production, a total of 10,100,000 carats are estimated to be remaining in Séguéla and a total of 1,100,000 carats are estimated to be remaining in Tortiya, based on currently known deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123130","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Malpeli, K., 2012, Summary of the reconnaissance investigation of the diamond resource potential and production capacity of Côte d’Ivoire: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3130, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123130.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3130.gif"},{"id":263296,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3130/pdf/fs2012-3130.pdf"},{"id":263297,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3130/"}],"otherGeospatial":"C�te D�ivoire;Ivory Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -8.6,4.35 ], [ -8.6,10.74 ], [ -2.49,10.74 ], [ -2.49,4.35 ], [ -8.6,4.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb8ee4b0afbc75eb981c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C.","contributorId":55106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040842,"text":"sim3234 - 2012 - Maps of estimated nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T16:12:53","indexId":"sim3234","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3234","title":"Maps of estimated nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Human-health concerns and economic considerations associated with meeting drinking-water standards motivated a study of the vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment in the southwestern United States. Statistical models were developed by using the random forest classifier algorithm to predict concentrations of nitrate and arsenic across a model grid representing about 190,600 square miles of basin-fill aquifers in parts of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The statistical models, referred to as classifiers, reflect natural and human-related factors that affect aquifer vulnerability to contamination and relate nitrate and arsenic concentrations to explanatory variables representing local- and basin-scale measures of source and aquifer susceptibility conditions. Geochemical variables were not used in concentration predictions because they were not available for the entire study area. The models were calibrated to assess model accuracy on the basis of measured values.
Only 2 percent of the area underlain by basin-fill aquifers in the study area was predicted to equal or exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard for nitrate as N (10 milligrams per liter), whereas 43 percent of the area was predicted to equal or exceed the standard for arsenic (10 micrograms per liter). Areas predicted to equal or exceed the drinking-water standard for nitrate include basins in central Arizona near Phoenix; the San Joaquin Valley, the Santa Ana Inland, and San Jacinto Basins of California; and the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Much of the area predicted to equal or exceed the drinking-water standard for arsenic is within a belt of basins along the western portion of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province that includes almost all of Nevada and parts of California and Arizona. Predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations are substantially lower than the drinking-water standards in much of the study area-about 93 percent of the area underlain by basin-fill aquifers was less than one-half the standard for nitrate as N (5.0 milligrams per liter), and 50 percent was less than one-half the standard for arsenic (5.0 micrograms per liter). The predicted concentrations and the improved understanding of the susceptibility and vulnerability of southwestern basin-fill aquifers to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment can be used by water managers as a qualitative tool to assess and protect the quality of groundwater resources in the Southwest.
The information flow among the tasks of framework assessment, numerical modeling, model forecasting and hind casting, and system-performance monitoring is illustrated. Results provide an understanding of artificial recharge in high-altitude desert settings where large vertical distances may separate application ponds from their target aquifers.
Approximately 3.8 million cubic meters of surface water was applied to spreading ponds from 2003–2007 to artificially recharge the underlying aquifer through a 200-meter thick unsaturated zone in the San Gorgonio Pass area in southern California. A study was conducted between 1997 and 2003, and a numerical model was developed to help determine the suitability of the site for artificial recharge. Ongoing monitoring results indicated that the existing model needed to be modified and recalibrated to more accurately predict artificial recharge at the site. The objective of this work was to recalibrate the model by using observation of the application rates, the rise and fall of the water level above a perching layer, and the approximate arrival time to the water table during the 5-yr monitoring period following initiation of long-term artificial recharge. Continuous monitoring of soil-matric potential, temperature, and water levels beneath the site indicated that artificial recharge reached the underlying water table between 3.75 and 4.5 yr after the initial application of the recharge water. The model was modified to allow the simulation to more adequately match the perching layer dynamics and the time of arrival at the water table. The instrumentation also showed that the lag time between changes in application of water at the surface and the response at the perching layer decreased from about 4 mo to less than 1 mo due to the wet-up of the unsaturated zone and the increase in relative permeability. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of iteratively monitoring and modeling the unsaturated zone in layered alluvial systems in the context of artificial recharge. They show that adequate geologic and hydraulic-property data on perching layers are critical to success. Continuous monitoring in the unsaturated and saturated zones beneath a site provides data to develop and constrain numerical models, better understand local unsaturated zone process, manage artificial recharge operations, and to determine the timing and volume of recoverable water for consumptive use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/vzj2012.0043","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Ellett, K.M., Christensen, A.H., and Martin, P., 2012, Modeling a thick unsaturated zone at San Gorgonio Pass, California: lessons learned after five years of artificial recharge: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 11, no. 4, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0043.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-025507","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gorgonio Pass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.102671,33.857283 ], [ -117.102671,34.124403 ], [ -116.796983,34.124403 ], [ -116.796983,33.857283 ], [ -117.102671,33.857283 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67d8e4b0b29085101a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellett, Kevin M.","contributorId":68359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040814,"text":"ofr20111317 - 2012 - Effects of catastrophic floods and debris flows on the sediment retention structure, North Fork Toutle River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T11:43:06","indexId":"ofr20111317","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1317","title":"Effects of catastrophic floods and debris flows on the sediment retention structure, North Fork Toutle River, Washington","docAbstract":"The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 produced a debris avalanche that flowed down the upper reaches of the North Fork Toutle River in southwestern Washington, clogging this drainage with sediment. In response to continuous anomalously high sediment flux into the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers resulting from this avalanche and associated debris flows, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers completed a Sediment Retention Structure (SRS) on the North Fork Toutle River in May 1989. For one decade, the SRS effectively blocked most of the sediment transport down the Toutle River. In 1999, the sediment level behind the SRS reached the elevation of the spillway base. Since then, a higher percentage of sediment has been passing the SRS and increasing the flood risk in the Cowlitz River. Currently (2012), the dam is filling with sediment at a rate that cannot be sustained for its original design life, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is concerned with the current ability of the SRS to manage floods. This report presents an assessment of the ability of the dam to pass large flows from three types of scenarios (it is assumed that no damage to the spillway will occur). These scenarios are (1) a failure of the debris-avalanche blockage forming Castle Lake that produces a dambreak flood, (2) a debris flow from failure of that blockage, or (3) a debris flow originating in the crater of Mount St. Helens. In each case, the flows are routed down the Toutle River and through the SRS using numerical models on a gridded domain produced from a digital elevation model constructed with existing topography and dam infrastructure. The results of these simulations show that a structurally sound spillway is capable of passing large floods without risk of overtopping the crest of the dam. In addition, large debris flows originating from Castle Lake or the crater of Mount St. Helens never reach the SRS. Instead, debris flows fill the braided channels upstream of the dam and reduce its storage capacity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111317","collaboration":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., 2012, Effects of catastrophic floods and debris flows on the sediment retention structure, North Fork Toutle River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1317, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111317.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263270,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1317/of2011-1317.pdf"},{"id":263271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1317.gif"},{"id":263269,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1317/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Castle Lake;Cowlitz River;Mount St. Helens;North Fork Toutle River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.64,45.9 ], [ -122.64,46.44 ], [ -121.94,46.44 ], [ -121.94,45.9 ], [ -122.64,45.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb73e4b0afbc75eb9805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040801,"text":"70040801 - 2012 - Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T12:11:47","indexId":"70040801","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Necropsies were conducted on 4 Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus that were stranded in single events on the coastal beaches of Puerto Rico from August 2010 to August 2011. Three manatees were emaciated and the gastrointestinal tracts were devoid of digesta. Microscopically, all manatees had severe widespread inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and heart with intralesional tachyzoites consistent with Toxoplasma gondii identified by histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical techniques. The gastrointestinal lesions included severe, multifocal to diffuse, chronic-active enteritis, colitis and/or gastritis often with associated ulceration, necrosis and hemorrhage. Enteric leiomyositis was severe and locally extensive in all cases and associated with the most frequently observed intralesional protozoans. Moderate to severe, multifocal, chronic to chronic-active, necrotizing myocarditis was also present in all cases. Additionally, less consistent inflammatory lesions occurred in the liver, lung and a mesenteric lymph node and were associated with fewer tachyzoites. Sera (n = 30) collected from free-ranging and captive Puerto Rican manatees and a rehabilitated/released Puerto Rican manatee from 2003 to 2012 were tested for antibodies for T. gondii. A positive T. gondii antibody titer was found in 2004 in 1 (3%) of the free-ranging cases tested. Disease caused by T. gondii is rare in manatees. This is the first report of toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico. Additionally, these are the first reported cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in any sirenian. The documentation of 4 cases of toxoplasmosis within one year and the extremely low seroprevalence to T. gondiisuggest that toxoplasmosis may be an emerging disease in Antillean manatees from Puerto Rico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/dao02526","usgsCitation":"Bossart, G.D., Mignucci-Ginannoni, A.A., Rivera-Guzman, A.L., Jimenez-Marrero, N.M., Camus, A.C., Bonde, R.K., Dubey, J.P., and Reif, J.S., 2012, Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 101, no. 2, p. 139-144, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02526.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-038778","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02526","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263265,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02526"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.9455,17.8814 ], [ -67.9455,18.516 ], [ -65.2211,18.516 ], [ -65.2211,17.8814 ], [ -67.9455,17.8814 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb6fe4b0afbc75eb9801","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bossart, Gregory D.","contributorId":46678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossart","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mignucci-Ginannoni, Antonio A.","contributorId":106385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mignucci-Ginannoni","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rivera-Guzman, Antonio L.","contributorId":47254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera-Guzman","given":"Antonio","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jimenez-Marrero, Nilda M.","contributorId":77007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jimenez-Marrero","given":"Nilda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camus, Alvin C.","contributorId":42492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camus","given":"Alvin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dubey, Jitender P.","contributorId":41707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubey","given":"Jitender","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reif, John S.","contributorId":60086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reif","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189923,"text":"70189923 - 2012 - Dissolved organic matter composition of winter flow in the Yukon River basin: Implications of permafrost thaw and increased groundwater discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-31T14:16:28","indexId":"70189923","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved organic matter composition of winter flow in the Yukon River basin: Implications of permafrost thaw and increased groundwater discharge","docAbstract":"Groundwater discharge to rivers has increased in recent decades across the circumpolar region and has been attributed to thawing permafrost in arctic and subarctic watersheds. Permafrost-driven changes in groundwater discharge will alter the flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rivers, yet little is known about the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of groundwater in permafrost settings. Here, we characterize DOM composition of winter flow in 60 rivers and streams of the Yukon River basin to evaluate the biogeochemical consequences of enhanced groundwater discharge associated with permafrost thaw. DOC concentration of winter flow averaged 3.9 ± 0.5 mg C L−1, yet was highly variable across basins (ranging from 20 mg C L−1). In comparison to the summer-autumn period, DOM composition of winter flow had lower aromaticity (as indicated by specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, or SUVA254), lower hydrophobic acid content, and a higher proportion of hydrophilic compounds (HPI). Fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis indicated enrichment of protein-like fluorophores in some, but not all, winter flow samples. The ratio of DOC to dissolved organic nitrogen, an indicator of DOM biodegradability, was positively correlated with SUVA254 and negatively correlated with the percentage of protein-like compounds. Using a simple two-pool mixing model, we evaluate possible changes in DOM during the summer-autumn period across a range of conditions reflecting possible increases in groundwater discharge. Across three watersheds, we consistently observed decreases in DOC concentration and SUVA254 and increases in HPI with increasing groundwater discharge. Spatial patterns in DOM composition of winter flow appear to reflect differences in the relative contributions of groundwater from suprapermafrost and subpermafrost aquifers across watersheds. Our findings call for more explicit consideration of DOC loss and stabilization pathways associated with changing subsurface hydrology in watersheds underlain by thawing permafrost.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012GB004341","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Aiken, G.R., Walvoord, M.A., and Butler, K.D., 2012, Dissolved organic matter composition of winter flow in the Yukon River basin: Implications of permafrost thaw and increased groundwater discharge: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 26, no. GB0E06, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004341.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-036860","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gb004341","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.6533203125,\n 63.09475846224108\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 63.09475846224108\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 68.57644086491786\n ],\n [\n -159.6533203125,\n 68.57644086491786\n ],\n [\n -159.6533203125,\n 63.09475846224108\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"GB0E06","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ee4b0a38ca2789378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. 0000-0001-9604-4603 kebutler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4603","contributorId":178885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043929,"text":"70043929 - 2012 - An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-05T11:02:04","indexId":"70043929","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data","docAbstract":"A common goal in ecology and wildlife management is to determine the causes of variation in population dynamics over long periods of time and across large spatial scales. Many assumptions must nevertheless be overcome to make appropriate inference about spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, such as autocorrelation among data points, excess zeros, and observation error in count data. To address these issues, many scientists and statisticians have recommended the use of Bayesian hierarchical models. Unfortunately, hierarchical statistical models remain somewhat difficult to use because of the necessary quantitative background needed to implement them, or because of the computational demands of using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate parameters. Fortunately, new tools have recently been developed that make it more feasible for wildlife biologists to fit sophisticated hierarchical Bayesian models (i.e., Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, ‘INLA’). We present a case study using two important game species in North America, the lesser and greater scaup, to demonstrate how INLA can be used to estimate the parameters in a hierarchical model that decouples observation error from process variation, and accounts for unknown sources of excess zeros as well as spatial and temporal dependence in the data. Ultimately, our goal was to make unbiased inference about spatial variation in population trends over time.","largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0049395","usgsCitation":"Ross, B., Hooten, M.B., and Koons, D.N., 2012, An accessible method for implementing hierarchical models with spatio-temporal abundance data: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 11, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-037978","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049395"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f30ae4b04edf7e93f841","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Beth E.","contributorId":56124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Melvin B.","contributorId":45978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koons, David N.","contributorId":28137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040764,"text":"pp1793 - 2012 - Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T08:47:02","indexId":"pp1793","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1793","title":"Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"The Late Cretaceous Boulder batholith in southwest Montana consists of the Butte Granite and a group of associated smaller intrusions emplaced into Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and into the Late Cretaceous Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics. The Boulder batholith is dominated by the voluminous Butte Granite, which is surrounded by as many as a dozen individually named, peripheral intrusions. These granodiorite, monzogranite, and minor syenogranite intrusions contain varying abundances of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, rare clinopyroxene, and opaque oxide minerals. Mafic, intermediate, and felsic subsets of the Boulder batholith intrusions are defined principally on the basis of color index. Most Boulder batholith plutons have inequigranular to seriate textures although several are porphyritic and some are granophyric (and locally miarolitic). Most of these plutons are medium grained but several of the more felsic and granophyric intrusions are fine grained. Petrographic characteristics, especially relative abundances of constituent minerals, are distinctive and foster reasonably unambiguous identification of individual intrusions. Seventeen samples from plutons of the Boulder batholith were dated by SHRIMP (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe) zircon U-Pb geochronology. Three samples of the Butte Granite show that this large pluton may be composite, having formed during two episodes of magmatism at about 76.7 ± 0.5 Ma (2 samples) and 74.7 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma) (1 sample). However, petrographic and chemical data are inconsistent with the Butte Granite consisting of separate, compositionally distinct intrusions. Accordingly, solidification of magma represented by the Butte Granite appears to have spanned about 2 million year (m.y.). The remaining Boulder batholith plutons were emplaced during a 6-10 m.y. span (81.7 ± 1.4 Ma to 73.7 ± 0.6 Ma). The compositional characteristics of these plutons are similar to those of moderately differentiated subduction-related magmas. The plutons form relatively coherent, distinct but broadly overlapping major oxide composition clusters or linear arrays on geochemical variation diagrams. Rock compositions are subalkaline, magnesian, calc-alkalic to calcic, and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. The Butte Granite intrusion is homogeneous with respect to major oxide abundances. Each of the plutons is also characterized by distinct trace element abundances although absolute trace element abundance variations are relatively minor. Limited Sr and Nd isotope data for whole-rock samples of the Boulder batholith are more radiogenic than those for plutonic rocks of western Idaho, eastern Oregon, the Salmon River suture, and most of the Big Belt Mountains. Initial strontium (Sri) values are low and epsilon neodymium (εNd) values are comparable relative to those of other southwest Montana basement and Mesozoic intrusive rocks. Importantly, although the Boulder batholith hosts significant mineral deposits, including the world-class Butte Cu-Ag deposit, ore metal abundances in the Butte Granite, as well as in its peripheral plutons, are not elevated but are comparable to global average abundances in igneous rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1793","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Lund, K., 2012, Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1793, Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1793.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1793.gif"},{"id":263204,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/"},{"id":263205,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/PP1793.pdf"},{"id":263206,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/Appendix_1.xls"}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.75,45.75 ], [ -112.75,46.75 ], [ -111.5,46.75 ], [ -111.5,45.75 ], [ -112.75,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76087e4b0e93eb366ee52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044973,"text":"70044973 - 2012 - Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T12:00:46","indexId":"70044973","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"The continuous slope-area (CSA) method is an innovative gaging method for indirect computation of complete-event discharge hydrographs that can be applied when direct measurement methods are unsafe, impractical, or impossible to apply. This paper reports on use of the method to produce event-specific discharge hydrographs in a network of sand-bedded ephemeral stream channels in southeast Arizona, USA, for water year 2008. The method provided satisfactory discharge estimates for flows that span channel banks, and for moderate to large flows, with about 10–16% uncertainty, respectively for total flow volume and peak flow, as compared to results obtained with an alternate method. Our results also suggest that the CSA method may be useful for estimating runoff of small flows, and during recessions, but with increased uncertainty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022","usgsCitation":"Stewart, A.M., Callegary, J.B., Smith, C.F., Gupta, H.V., Leenhouts, J.M., and Fritzinger, R.A., 2012, Use of the continuous slope-area method to estimate runoff in a network of ephemeral channels, southeast Arizona, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 472-473, p. 148-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-019852","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272899,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.2,3.0175 ], [ -110.2,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -10.15,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -10.15,3.0175 ], [ -110.2,3.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"472-473","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1f0e4b0605bc571f025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Anne M. astewart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Anne","email":"astewart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher F. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cfsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":1338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cfsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gupta, Hoshin V.","contributorId":7597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"Hoshin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leenhouts, James M. 0000-0001-5171-9240 leenhout@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-9240","contributorId":225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenhouts","given":"James","email":"leenhout@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fritzinger, Robert A.","contributorId":78229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritzinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040687,"text":"70040687 - 2012 - Joint estimation of habitat dynamics and species interactions: Disturbance reduces co-occurrence of non-native predators with an endangered toad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T14:37:41","indexId":"70040687","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Joint estimation of habitat dynamics and species interactions: Disturbance reduces co-occurrence of non-native predators with an endangered toad","docAbstract":"1. Ecologists have long been interested in the processes that determine patterns of species occurrence and co-occurrence. Potential short-comings of many existing empirical approaches that address these questions include a reliance on patterns of occurrence at a single time point, failure to account properly for imperfect detection and treating the environment as a static variable.
2. We fit detection and non-detection data collected from repeat visits using a dynamic site occupancy model that simultaneously accounts for the temporal dynamics of a focal prey species, its predators and its habitat. Our objective was to determine how disturbance and species interactions affect the co-occurrence probabilities of an endangered toad and recently introduced non-native predators in stream breeding habitats. For this, we determined statistical support for alternative processes that could affect co-occurrence frequency in the system.
3. We collected occurrence data at stream segments in two watersheds where streams were largely ephemeral and one watershed dominated by perennial streams. Co-occurrence probabilities of toads with non-native predators were related to disturbance frequency, with low co-occurrence in the ephemeral watershed and high co-occurrence in the perennial watershed. This occurred because once predators were established at a site, they were rarely lost from the site except in cases when the site dried out. Once dry sites became suitable again, toads colonized them much more rapidly than predators, creating a period of predator-free space.
4. We attribute the dynamics to a storage effect, where toads persisting outside the stream environment during periods of drought rapidly colonized sites when they become suitable again. Our results support that even in highly connected stream networks, temporal disturbance can structure frequencies with which breeding amphibians encounter non-native predators.
5. Dynamic multi-state occupancy models are a powerful tool for rigorously examining hypotheses about inter-species and species–habitat interactions. In contrast to previous methods that infer dynamic processes based on static patterns in occupancy, the approach we took allows the dynamic processes that determine species–species and species–habitat interactions to be directly estimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Brehme, C.S., Hines, J., Nichols, J., and Fisher, R.N., 2012, Joint estimation of habitat dynamics and species interactions: Disturbance reduces co-occurrence of non-native predators with an endangered toad: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1288-1297, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1288","endPage":"1297","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-029983","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263102,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02001.x"}],"volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9d8e4b0855e233c0716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David A.W.","contributorId":19423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David A.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040706,"text":"sir20125183 - 2012 - Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:24:59","indexId":"sir20125183","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5183","title":"Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota","docAbstract":"This U.S. Geological Survey report documents a conceptual and numerical model of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota, that can be used to evaluate and manage the city of Aberdeen's water resources. The glacial aquifer system in the model area includes the Elm, Middle James, and Deep James aquifers, with intervening confining units composed of glacial till. The Elm aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to about 95 feet (ft), with an average thickness of about 24 ft; the Middle James aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to 91 ft, with an average thickness of 13 ft; and the Deep James aquifer ranged in thickness from less than 1 to 165 ft, with an average thickness of 23 ft. The confining units between the aquifers consisted of glacial till and ranged in thickness from 0 to 280 ft. The general direction of groundwater flow in the Elm aquifer in the model area was from northwest to southeast following the topography. Groundwater flow in the Middle James aquifer was to the southeast. Sparse data indicated a fairly flat potentiometric surface for the Deep James aquifer. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the Elm aquifer determined from aquifer tests ranged from 97 to 418 feet per day (ft/d), and a confined storage coefficient was determined to be 2.4x10-5. Estimates of the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediments separating the Elm River from the Elm aquifer, determined from the analysis of temperature gradients, ranged from 0.14 to 2.48 ft/d. Average annual precipitation in the model area was 19.6 inches per year (in/yr), and agriculture was the primary land use. Recharge to the Elm aquifer was by infiltration of precipitation through overlying outwash, lake sediments, and glacial till. The annual recharge for the model area, calculated by using a soil-water-balance method for water year (WY) 1975-2009, ranged from 0.028 inch in WY 1980 to 4.52 inches in WY 1986, with a mean of 1.56 inches. The annual potential evapotranspiration, calculated in soil-water-balance analysis, ranged from 21.8 inches in WY 1983 to 27.0 inches in WY 1985, with a mean of 24.6 inches. Water use from the glacial aquifer system primarily was from the Elm aquifer for irrigation, municipal, and suburban water supplies, and the annual rate ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The MODFLOW-2005 numerical model represented the Elm aquifer, the Middle James aquifer, and the Deep James aquifer with model layers 1-3 respectively separated by confining layers 1-2 respectively. Groundwater flow was simulated with 75 stress periods beginning October 1, 1974, and ending September 30, 2009. Model grid spacing was 200 by 200 ft and boundaries were represented by specified-head boundaries and no-flow boundaries. The model used parameter estimation that focused on minimizing the difference between 954 observed and simulated hydraulic heads for 135 wells. Calibrated mean horizontal hydraulic conductivity values for model layers 1-3 were 94, 41, and 30 ft/d respectively. Vertical hydraulic conductivity values for confining layers 1 and 2 were 0.0002 and 0.0003 ft/d, respectively. Calibrated specific yield for model layer 1was 0.1 and specific storage ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0005 per foot. Calibrated mean recharge rates ranged from 2.5 in/yr where glacial till thickness was less than 10 ft to 0.8 in/yr where glacial till thickness was greater than 30 ft. Calibrated mean annual evapotranspiration rate was 8.8 in/yr. Simulated net streamflow gain from model layer 1 was 3.1 ft3/s.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125183","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Aberdeen","usgsCitation":"Marini, K.A., Hoogestraat, G., Aurand, K.R., and Putnam, L.D., 2012, Conceptual and numerical models of the glacial aquifer system north of Aberdeen, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5183, x, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125183.","productDescription":"x, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5183.gif"},{"id":263090,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5183/"},{"id":263091,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5183/sir2012-5183.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14 North","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Aberdeen","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.67,45.583 ], [ -98.67,45.25 ], [ -98.17,45.25 ], [ -98.17,45.583 ], [ -98.67,45.583 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c0e4b0855e233c0702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marini, Katrina A.","contributorId":90181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marini","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aurand, Katherine R. kaurand@usgs.gov","contributorId":2713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aurand","given":"Katherine","email":"kaurand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040686,"text":"70040686 - 2012 - Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-13T12:22:11","indexId":"70040686","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection","docAbstract":"The ability to accurately predict patterns of species' occurrences is fundamental to the successful management of animal communities. To determine optimal management strategies, it is essential to understand species-habitat relationships and how species habitat use is related to natural or human-induced environmental changes. Using five years of monitoring data in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Maryland, USA, we developed four multi-species hierarchical models for estimating amphibian wetland use that account for imperfect detection during sampling. The models were designed to determine which factors (wetland habitat characteristics, annual trend effects, spring/summer precipitation, and previous wetland occupancy) were most important for predicting future habitat use. We used the models to make predictions of species occurrences in sampled and unsampled wetlands and evaluated model projections using additional data. Using a Bayesian approach, we calculated a posterior distribution of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) values, which allowed us to explicitly quantify the uncertainty in the quality of our predictions and to account for false negatives in the evaluation dataset. We found that wetland hydroperiod (the length of time that a wetland holds water) as well as the occurrence state in the prior year were generally the most important factors in determining occupancy. The model with only habitat covariates predicted species occurrences well; however, knowledge of wetland use in the previous year significantly improved predictive ability at the community level and for two of 12 species/species complexes. Our results demonstrate the utility of multi-species models for understanding which factors affect species habitat use of an entire community (of species) and provide an improved methodology using AUC that is helpful for quantifying the uncertainty in model predictions while explicitly accounting for detection biases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1936.1","usgsCitation":"Zipkin, E., Grant, E., and Fagan, W., 2012, Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 7, p. 1962-1972, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1936.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1962","endPage":"1972","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-033849","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263096,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1936.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9c8e4b0855e233c070a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell","contributorId":14686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040698,"text":"sir20125187 - 2012 - Simulated effects of alternative withdrawal strategies on groundwater flow in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in the Great Egg Harbor and Mullica River Basins, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T10:44:00","indexId":"sir20125187","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5187","title":"Simulated effects of alternative withdrawal strategies on groundwater flow in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in the Great Egg Harbor and Mullica River Basins, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Groundwater is essential for water supply and plays a critical role in maintaining the environmental health of freshwater and estuarine ecosystems in the Atlantic Coastal basins of New Jersey. The unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system and the confined Atlantic City 800-foot sand are major sources of groundwater in the area, and each faces different water-supply concerns. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), conducted a study to simulate the effects of withdrawals in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Atlantic City 800-foot sand, and the Rio Grande water-bearing zone and to evaluate potential scenarios. The study area encompasses Atlantic County and parts of Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, Ocean, Cape May, and Cumberland Counties. The major hydrogeologic units affecting water supply in the study area are the surficial Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, a thick diatomaceous clay confining unit in the upper part of Kirkwood Formation; the Rio Grande water-bearing zone; and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand of the Kirkwood Formation. Hydrogeologic data from 18 aquifer tests and specific capacity data from 230 wells were analyzed to provide horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers. Groundwater withdrawals are greatest from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, and 65 percent of the water is used for public supply. Groundwater withdrawals from the Atlantic City 800-foot sand are about half those from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. Ninety-five percent of the withdrawals from the Atlantic City 800-foot sand is used for public supply. Data from six streamgaging stations and 51 low-flow partial record sites were used to estimate base flow in the area. Base flow ranges from 60 to 92 percent of streamflow. A groundwater flow model of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand was developed and calibrated using water-level data from 148 wells and base-flow data from 22 gaging or low-flow partial record stations. The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system within the Great Egg Harbor River and the Mullica River Basins was simulated on a monthly basis from 1998 through 2006. An existing regional model of the New Jersey Coastal Plain was revised to provide boundary conditions for the Great Egg Harbor and Mullica River Basin model (referred to as the Great Egg-Mullica model). In the Great Egg-Mullica model, monthly groundwater recharge rates used in the model ranged from 10-15 inches per year in 2001 to 20-25 inches per year in 2005. The mean-absolute error for 10 of the 14 long-term hydrographs used in model calibration was less than 5 ft. Groundwater flow budgets for the Great Egg-Mullica model calibration periods, May 2005 and September 2006, and for the entire model calibration period 1998 to 2006, showed that nearly 70 percent of the water entering the Atlantic City 800-foot sand came from the horizontal connection with the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in updip areas. The groundwater flow model was used to simulate scenarios under three possible conditions: average 1998 to 2006 withdrawals (Average scenario), full-allocation withdrawals (Full Allocation scenario), and projected 2050-demand withdrawals (2050 Demand scenario). Withdrawals in the Full Allocation scenario are nearly twice the withdrawals from the Average scenario, primarily because of the potential for large agricultural withdrawals if all allocations are used. Withdrawals for the 2050 Demand scenario are about 50 percent greater than those for the Average scenario, primarily due to expected increases in withdrawals for public supply. Monthly base-flow depletion criteria were determined using the Low-Flow Margin method, currently under consideration by NJDEP, to estimate available water on an annual basis at the Hydrologic Unit Code 11 (HUC11) level and to determine whether a water-supply deficit exists. Simulations of various groundwater-withdrawal scenarios were made using the calibrated model, and results were compared with baseline conditions (no withdrawals) to determine where and when base-flow deficits may be occurring and may be expected to occur in the future. Scenarios were simulated to assess base-flow depletion that could occur from different groundwater-withdrawal situations. In the Average scenario, deficits occurred in 7 of the 14 subbasins. In the Full Allocation scenario, deficits occurred in 11 of the subbasins. In the 2050 Demand scenario, deficits occurred in 9 of the 14 subbasins. The largest deficits occurred in the Absecon Creek subbasin because the base-flow depletion criteria for this subbasin is small due to the surface-water diversions that are already occurring there and because existing groundwater withdrawals in the subbasin have resulted in base-flow depletion under current (1998-2006) conditions. Three adjusted scenarios, variations of the Average, Full Allocation, and 2050 Demand scenarios, were simulated; for the adjusted scenarios, the withdrawals were modified in stages with the intent to successively eliminate or minimize the base-flow deficits. Modifications included shifting withdrawals to a deeper part of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, implementing seasonal conjunctive use of shallow and deep aquifers, and specifying reductions in withdrawals within a HUC11 subbasin in deficit. The adjusted scenarios are intended to show the relative effectiveness of each of the three approaches in reducing the deficits. Most of the deficits under the Average, Full Allocation, and 2050 Demand scenarios were eliminated by reductions in withdrawals or allocations. Shifting withdrawals to a deeper part of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system or seasonal conjunctive use did not eliminate deficits for any subbasin. Reductions in withdrawals accounted for more than 95 percent of the total reduction of deficits in all but one subbasin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Pope, D.A., Carleton, G.B., Buxton, D.E., Walker, R.L., Shourds, J.L., and Reilly, P.A., 2012, Simulated effects of alternative withdrawal strategies on groundwater flow in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in the Great Egg Harbor and Mullica River Basins, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5187, Report: x, 139 p.; Appendixes: 2-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125187.","productDescription":"Report: x, 139 p.; Appendixes: 2-3","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5187.png"},{"id":263086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5187/support/sir2012-5187-appendix3.xls","text":"Appendix 3","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":263083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5187/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":263084,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5187/support/sir2012-5187.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":263085,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5187/support/sir2012-5187-appendix2.xls","text":"Appendix 2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":361403,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70G3J3J","text":"MODFLOW-2000 model used to evaluate alternative withdrawal strategies on groundwater flow in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, and the Atlantic City 800-foot sand in the Great Egg Harbor and Mullica River Basins, New Jersey"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Great Egg Harbor;Mullica River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,39.0 ], [ -75.5,40.25 ], [ -73.75,40.25 ], [ -73.75,39.0 ], [ -75.5,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e2607e4b0cbd9af3af711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Daryll A. dpope@usgs.gov","contributorId":3796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","email":"dpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, Glen B. 0000-0002-7666-4407 carleton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-4407","contributorId":3795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"Glen","email":"carleton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":468814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, Richard L.","contributorId":38961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shourds, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734 jshourds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":5821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shourds","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshourds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040798,"text":"70040798 - 2012 - Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T12:00:46","indexId":"70040798","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Predicting the future spread of non-native aquatic species continues to be a high priority for natural resource managers striving to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function. Modeling the potential distributions of alien aquatic species through spatially explicit mapping is an increasingly important tool for risk assessment and prediction. Habitat modeling also facilitates the identification of key environmental variables influencing species distributions. We modeled the potential distribution of an aggressive invasive minnow, the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), in waterways of the conterminous United States using maximum entropy (Maxent). We used inventory records from the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, native records for C. lutrensis from museum collections, and a geographic information system of 20 raster climatic and environmental variables to produce a map of potential red shiner habitat. Summer climatic variables were the most important environmental predictors of C. lutrensis distribution, which was consistent with the high temperature tolerance of this species. Results from this study provide insights into the locations and environmental conditions in the US that are susceptible to red shiner invasion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","publisherLocation":"Helsinki, Finland","doi":"10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009","usgsCitation":"Poulos, H.M., Chernoff, B., Fuller, P., and Butman, D., 2012, Mapping the potential distribution of the invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) across waterways of the conterminous United States: Aquatic Invasions, v. 7, no. 3, p. 377-385, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"385","ipdsId":"IP-035517","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263263,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.3.009"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -67,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -67,5.555555555555556E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,5.555555555555556E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfc1ce4b0afbc75eb985e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulos, Helen M.","contributorId":75271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulos","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chernoff, Barry","contributorId":25701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernoff","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, David","contributorId":51011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040694,"text":"sim3228 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T11:57:32","indexId":"sim3228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3228","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 1.7-mile reach of the Leaf River were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District. The Leaf River study reach extends from just upstream of the U.S. Highway 11 crossing to just downstream of East Hardy/South Main Street and separates the cities of Hattiesburg and Petal, Mississippi. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water-surface elevations (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi (02473000). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained through the National Water Information System Web site at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ms/nwis/uv/?site_no=02473000&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information, available on the AHPS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi, streamgage and documented high-water marks from recent and historical floods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 13 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1.0-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water-surface elevation at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model [derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.6-foot vertical accuracy and 9.84-foot horizontal resolution] in order to delineate the area flooded at each 1-foot increment of stream stage. The availability of these maps, when combined with real-time stage information from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stage from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District","usgsCitation":"Storm, J.B., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3228, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3228.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3228.jpg"},{"id":263052,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/download/"},{"id":263053,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":263054,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":263055,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":263056,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":263057,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet6.pdf"},{"id":263050,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/"},{"id":263051,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/pdf/sim_3228.pdf"},{"id":263058,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet5.pdf"},{"id":263059,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":263060,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":263061,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet9.pdf"},{"id":263062,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet10.pdf"},{"id":263063,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet11.pdf"},{"id":263064,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet12.pdf"},{"id":263065,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet13.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 and North American Vergical Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Forrest County","otherGeospatial":"Leaf River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.32,31.3 ], [ -89.32,31.37 ], [ -89.25,31.37 ], [ -89.25,31.3 ], [ -89.32,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e2601e4b0cbd9af3af70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storm, John B. 0000-0002-5657-536X jbstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-536X","contributorId":3684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"John","email":"jbstorm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040691,"text":"sir20125240 - 2012 - Concentrations, loads, and yields of select constituents from major tributaries of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in Iowa, water years 2004-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T09:11:28","indexId":"sir20125240","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5240","title":"Concentrations, loads, and yields of select constituents from major tributaries of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in Iowa, water years 2004-2008","docAbstract":"Excess nutrients, suspended-sediment loads, and the presence of pesticides in Iowa rivers can have deleterious effects on water quality in State streams, downstream major rivers, and the Gulf of Mexico. Fertilizer and pesticides are used to support crop growth on Iowa's highly productive agricultural landscape and for household and commercial lawns and gardens. Water quality was characterized near the mouths of 10 major Iowa tributaries to the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers from March 2004 through September 2008. Stream loads were calculated for select ions, nutrients, and sediment using approximately monthly samples, and samples from storm and snowmelt events. Water-quality samples collected using standard streamflow-integrated protocols were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, carbon, pesticides, and suspended sediment. Statistical data summaries of sample data used parametric and nonparametric techniques to address potential bias related to censored data and multiple levels of censoring of data below analytical detection limits. Constituent stream loads were computed using standard pre-defined models in S-LOADEST that include streamflow and time terms plus additional terms for streamflow variability and streamflow anomalies. Streamflow variability terms describe the difference in streamflow from recent average conditions, whereas streamflow anomaly terms account for deviations from average conditions from long- to short-term sequentially. Streamflow variability or anomaly terms were included in 44 of 80 site/constituent individual models, demonstrating the usefulness of these terms in increasing accuracy of the load estimates. Constituent concentrations in Iowa streams exhibit streamflow, seasonal, and spatial patterns related to the landform and climate gradients across the studied basins. The streamflow-concentration relation indicated dilution for ions such as chloride and sulfate. Other constituent concentrations, such as dissolved organic carbon and suspended sediment, increased with streamflow. Nitrogen concentrations (total nitrogen and nitrate plus nitrite) increased with low and moderate streamflows, but decreased with high streamflows. Seasonal patterns observed in constituent concentrations were affected by streamflow, algae blooms, and pesticide application. The various landform regions produced different water-quality responses across the study basins; for example, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, and turbidity were greatest from the steep, loess-dominated southwestern Iowa basins. Nutrient concentrations, though not regulated for drinking water at the study sites, were high compared to drinking-water limits and criteria for protection of aquatic life proposed for other Midwestern states (Iowa criteria for aquatic life have not been proposed). Nitrate plus nitrite concentrations exceeded the drinking-water limit [10 milligrams per liter (mg/L)] in 11 percent of all samples at the 10 sites, and exceeded Minnesota's proposed aquatic life criteria (4.9 mg/L) in 68 percent of samples. The Wisconsin standard for total phosphorus (0.1 mg/L) was exceeded in 92 percent of samples. Ammonia standards, current during sample collection and at publication of this report, for protection of aquatic life were met for all samples, but draft criteria proposed in 2009 to protect more sensitive species like mussels, were exceeded at three sites. Loads and yields also differed among sites and years. The Big Sioux, Little Sioux, and Des Moines Rivers produced the greatest sulfate yields. Mississippi River tributaries had greater chloride yields than Missouri River tributaries. The Big Sioux River also had the lowest silica yields and total nitrogen and nitrate yields, whereas nitrogen yields were greater in the northeastern rivers. The Boyer and Nishnabotna River total phosphorus yields were the greatest in the study. The Boyer River orthophosphate yields were greatest except in 2008, when the Maquoketa River produced the greatest yield. Rivers in southwestern Iowa's Western Loess Hills and Steeply Rolling Loess Prairie ecoregions had the greatest suspended-sediment yields, whereas the smallest yields were in the Big Sioux and Wapsipinicon Rivers. In the 10 Iowa rivers studied, combined annual total nitrogen stream transport ranged from 3.68 to 9.95 tons per square mile per year, and total phosphorus transport ranged from 0.138 to 0.570 tons per square mile per year. Six-month loads relative to fertilizer use ranged from 8 to 56 percent for nitrogen, and 1.0 to 11.1 percent for phosphorus. The smallest loads relative to fertilizer use for both nitrogen and phosphorus occurred in July-December of dry years, and the largest nitrogen and phosphorus loads relative to use were in wet years from January-June.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125240","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Garrett, J.D., 2012, Concentrations, loads, and yields of select constituents from major tributaries of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in Iowa, water years 2004-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5240, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125240.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-016631","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263043,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5240.gif"},{"id":263042,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5240/sir2012-5240.pdf"},{"id":263039,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5240/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River;Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.0,40.0 ], [ -97.0,46.0 ], [ -85.0,46.0 ], [ -85.0,40.0 ], [ -97.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e25f3e4b0cbd9af3af701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, Jessica D. 0000-0002-4466-3709 jgarrett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-3709","contributorId":4229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jessica","email":"jgarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040696,"text":"ofr20121175 - 2012 - Southwest Washington littoral drift restoration—Beach and nearshore morphological monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T12:34:21","indexId":"ofr20121175","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1175","title":"Southwest Washington littoral drift restoration—Beach and nearshore morphological monitoring","docAbstract":"A morphological monitoring program has documented the placement and initial dispersal of beach nourishment material (280,000 m3) placed between the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) North Jetty and North Head, at the southern end of the Long Beach Peninsula in southwestern Washington State. A total of 21 topographic surveys and 8 nearshore bathymetric surveys were performed between July 11, 2010, and November 4, 2011. During placement, southerly alongshore transport resulted in movement of nourishment material to the south towards the MCR North Jetty. Moderate wave conditions (significant wave height around 4 m) following the completion of the nourishment resulted in cross-shore sediment transport, with most of the nourishment material transported into the nearshore bars. The nourishment acted as a buffer to the more severe erosion, including dune overtopping and retreat, that was observed at the northern end of the study area throughout the winter. One year after placement of the nourishment, onshore transport and beach recovery were most pronounced within the permit area and to the south toward the MCR North Jetty. This suggests that there is some long-term benefit of the nourishment for reducing erosion rates locally, although the enhanced recovery also could be due to natural gradients in alongshore transport causing net movement of the sediment from north to south. Measurements made during the morphological monitoring program documented the seasonal movement and decay of nearshore sand bars. Low-energy conditions in late summer resulted in onshore bar migration early in the monitoring program. Moderate wave conditions in the autumn resulted in offshore movement of the middle bar and continued onshore migration of the outer bar. High-energy wave conditions early in the winter resulted in strong cross-shore transport and creation of a 3-bar system along portions of the coast. More southerly wave events occurred later in the winter and early spring and coincided with the complete loss of the outer bar and net loss of sediment from the study area. These data suggest that bar decay may be an important mechanism for exporting sediment from Benson Beach north to the Long Beach Peninsula. The measurements presented in this report represent one component of a broader monitoring program designed to track the movement of nourishment material on the beach and shoreface at this location, including continuous video monitoring (Argus), in situu measurements of hydrodynamics, and a physical tracer experiment. Field data from the monitoring program will be used to test numerical models of hydrodynamics and sediment transport and to improve the capability of numerical models to support regional sediment management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology, Oregon State University, and the Portland District Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Stevens, A., Gelfenbaum, G., Ruggiero, P., and Kaminsky, G.M., 2012, Southwest Washington littoral drift restoration—Beach and nearshore morphological monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1175, Report: vi, 67 p.; Metadata txt, Data zip, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121175.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 67 p.; Metadata txt, Data zip","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1175.gif"},{"id":263074,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1175/of2012-1175.pdf"},{"id":263075,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1175/swldr_data.zip"},{"id":263076,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1175/sww_pwc_metadata.txt"},{"id":263073,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1175/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,45.0 ], [ -125.0,49.0 ], [ -122.0,49.0 ], [ -122.0,45.0 ], [ -125.0,45.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e260ee4b0cbd9af3af715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W.","contributorId":89093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":468806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaminsky, George M.","contributorId":83150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}