{"pageNumber":"689","pageRowStart":"17200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70043599,"text":"70043599 - 2012 - Prevalent flucocorticoid and androgen activity in US water sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-22T15:31:41","indexId":"70043599","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:20:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalent flucocorticoid and androgen activity in US water sources","docAbstract":"Contamination of the environment with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a major health concern. The presence of estrogenic compounds in water and their deleterious effect are well documented. However, detection and monitoring of other classes of EDCs is limited. Here we utilize a high-throughput live cell assay based on sub-cellular relocalization of GFP-tagged glucocorticoid and androgen receptors (GFP-GR and GFP-AR), in combination with gene transcription analysis, to screen for glucocorticoid and androgen activity in water samples. We report previously unrecognized glucocorticoid activity in 27%, and androgen activity in 35% of tested water sources from 14 states in the US. Steroids of both classes impact body development, metabolism, and interfere with reproductive, endocrine, and immune systems. This prevalent contamination could negatively affect wildlife and human populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific Reports","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/srep00937","usgsCitation":"Stavreva, D., George, A.A., Klausmeyer, P., Varticovski, L., Sack, D., Voss, T.C., Schiltz, R.L., Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., and Hager, G., 2012, Prevalent flucocorticoid and androgen activity in US water sources: Scientific Reports, v. 2, no. 937, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00937.","productDescription":"8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-042450","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275242,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep00937"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.00000,16.916667 ], [ 173.00000,71.833333 ], [ -66.950000,71.833333 ], [ -66.950000,16.916667 ], [ 173.00000,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","issue":"937","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5468e4b00ffbed48f8e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stavreva, Diana A.","contributorId":69039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stavreva","given":"Diana A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, Anuja A.","contributorId":84651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Anuja","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klausmeyer, Paul","contributorId":102769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klausmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varticovski, Lyuba","contributorId":71857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varticovski","given":"Lyuba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sack, Daniel","contributorId":30528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sack","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Voss, Ty C.","contributorId":21442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Ty","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schiltz, R. Louis","contributorId":37230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiltz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Louis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":79382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hager, Gordon L.","contributorId":66574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Gordon L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70041068,"text":"70041068 - 2012 - Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T13:22:40.834394","indexId":"70041068","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:47:23","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010","docAbstract":"Poster presented during the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Bays and Bayous Symposium 2012 on the decline of emergent wetlands in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Throughout the past century, emergent wetlands have been declining across the Gulf of Mexico. Emergent wetland ecosystems provide many resources, including plant and wildlife habitat, commercial and recreational economic activity, water quality, and natural barriers against storms. As emergent wetland losses increase, so does the need for information on the causes and effects of this loss.","conferenceTitle":"Bays & Bayous Symposium","conferenceDate":"November 14-15, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Biloxi, Mississippi","language":"English","usgsCitation":"2012, Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010, Bays & Bayous Symposium, Biloxi, Mississippi, November 14-15, 2012.","ipdsId":"IP-041151","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b1d2e4b0702d0e844760"}
,{"id":70048039,"text":"70048039 - 2012 - Out of the tropics: the Pacific, Great Basin lakes, and late Pleistocene water cycle in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T13:51:27","indexId":"70048039","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Out of the tropics: the Pacific, Great Basin lakes, and late Pleistocene water cycle in the western United States","docAbstract":"The water cycle in the western U.S. changed dramatically over glacial cycles. In the last 20,000 years, higher precipitation caused desert lakes to form which have since dried out. Higher glacial precipitation is hypothesized to result from a southward shift of Pacific winter storm tracks. We compared Pacific Ocean data to lake levels from the interior west and found that Great Basin lake high stands are older than coastal wet periods at the same latitude. Westerly storms were not the source of high precipitation. Instead, air masses from the tropical Pacific were transported northward, bringing more precipitation into the Great Basin when coastal California was still dry.  The changing climate during the deglaciation altered precipitation source regions and strongly affected the regional water cycle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1218390","usgsCitation":"Lyle, M., Heusser, L., Ravelo, C., Yamamoto, M., Barron, J., Diffenbaugh, N.S., Herbert, T., and Andreasen, D., 2012, Out of the tropics: the Pacific, Great Basin lakes, and late Pleistocene water cycle in the western United States: Science, v. 337, p. 1629-1633, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218390.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1633","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-039428","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277399,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1218390"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,30.0 ], [ -124.0,46.0 ], [ -100.0,46.0 ], [ -100.0,30.0 ], [ -124.0,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"337","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522af967e4b08fd0132e79c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyle, Mitchell","contributorId":99035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"Mitchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, Linda","contributorId":107181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravelo, Christina","contributorId":23057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravelo","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yamamoto, Masanobu","contributorId":94200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Masanobu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barron, John","contributorId":87059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diffenbaugh, Noah S.","contributorId":94965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffenbaugh","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herbert, Timothy","contributorId":33418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Andreasen, Dyke","contributorId":36041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"Dyke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047608,"text":"70047608 - 2012 - Status of rainbow smelt in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T14:36:51.327287","indexId":"70047608","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:26:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Status of rainbow smelt in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 2011","docAbstract":"<p>Rainbow smelt <i>Osmerus mordax</i> are the second most abundant pelagic prey fish in Lake Ontario. The abundance and weight indices for Lake Ontario age-1 and older rainbow smelt declined in 2011 and represented a 64% and 54% decrease respectively from 2010 levels. Length frequency-based age analysis indicated that age-1 rainbow smelt constituted 44% of the estimated population however age 1 abundance was 72% lower than age 1 abundance in 2010 and was 50% lower than the 10 year average age 1 abundance. Proportionally, large rainbow smelt (≥150 mm), were more common in 2011, making up approximately 7% of the population, substantially higher than the 10 year average of 2%. Based on the most recent time series data, rainbow smelt abundance peaks appear to follow a 4-5 year cycle.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status of important prey fishes in the U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario, 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70047608","usgsCitation":"Weidel, B., and Connerton, M., 2012, Status of rainbow smelt in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 2011, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047608.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-043775","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glsc.usgs.gov/sites/default/files/product_files/2011LakeOntarioPreyfish.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.8979,43.1664 ], [ -79.8979,44.2583 ], [ -76.0362,44.2583 ], [ -76.0362,43.1664 ], [ -79.8979,43.1664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53885712e4b0318b93124b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weidel, Brian 0000-0001-6095-2773 bweidel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6095-2773","contributorId":2485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidel","given":"Brian","email":"bweidel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":21435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037937,"text":"70037937 - 2012 - Relating management practices and nutrient export in agricultural watersheds of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T13:30:51","indexId":"70037937","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:22:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating management practices and nutrient export in agricultural watersheds of the United States","docAbstract":"Relations between riverine export (load) of total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) from 133 large agricultural watersheds in the United States and factors affecting nutrient transport were evaluated using empirical regression models. After controlling for anthropogenic inputs and other landscape factors affecting nutrient transport-such as runoff, precipitation, slope, number of reservoirs, irrigated area, and area with subsurface tile drains-the relations between export and the area in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) (N) and conservation tillage (P) were positive. Additional interaction terms indicated that the relations between export and the area in conservation tillage (N) and the CRP (P) progressed from being clearly positive when soil erodibility was low or moderate, to being close to zero when soil erodibility was higher, to possibly being slightly negative only at the 90th to 95th percentile of soil erodibility values. Possible explanations for the increase in nutrient export with increased area in management practices include greater transport of soluble nutrients from areas in conservation tillage; lagged response of stream quality to implementation of management practices because of nitrogen transport in groundwater, time for vegetative cover to mature, and/or prior accumulation of P in soils; or limitations in the management practice and stream monitoring data sets. If lags are occurring, current nutrient export from agricultural watersheds may still be reflecting the influence of agricultural land-use practices that were in place before the implementation of these management practices.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2012.0073","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., and Gronberg, J., 2012, Relating management practices and nutrient export in agricultural watersheds of the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1939-1950, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0073.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1939","endPage":"1950","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-036746","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276040,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0073"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c967e4b009d47a4c23c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043302,"text":"70043302 - 2012 - Future opportunities and challenges in remote sensing of drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-01T22:49:50.479918","indexId":"70043302","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Future opportunities and challenges in remote sensing of drought","docAbstract":"The value of satellite remote sensing for drought monitoring was first realized more than two decades ago with the application of Normalized Difference Index (NDVI) data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) for assessing the effect of drought on vegetation. Other indices such as the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) were also developed during this time period, and applied to AVHRR NDVI and brightness temperature data for routine global monitoring of drought conditions. These early efforts demonstrated the unique perspective that global imagers such as AVHRR could provide for operational drought monitoring through their near-daily, global observations of Earth's land surface. However, the advancement of satellite remote sensing of drought was limited by the relatively few spectral bands of operational global sensors such as AVHRR, along with a relatively short period of observational record. Remote sensing advancements are of paramount importance given the increasing demand for tools that can provide accurate, timely, and integrated information on drought conditions to facilitate proactive decision making (NIDIS, 2007). Satellite-based approaches are key to addressing significant gaps in the spatial and temporal coverage of current surface station instrument networks providing key moisture observations (e.g., rainfall, snow, soil moisture, ground water, and ET) over the United States and globally (NIDIS, 2007). Improved monitoring capabilities will be particularly important given increases in spatial extent, intensity, and duration of drought events observed in some regions of the world, as reported in the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (IPCC, 2007). The risk of drought is anticipated to further increase in some regions in response to climatic changes in the hydrologic cycle related to evaporation, precipitation, air temperature, and snow cover (Burke et al., 2006; IPCC, 2007; USGCRP, 2009). Numerous national, regional, and global efforts such as the Famine and Early Warning System (FEWS), National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), and Group on Earth Observations (GEO), as well as the establishment of regional drought centers (e.g., European Drought Observatory) and geospatial visualization and monitoring systems (e.g, NASA SERVIR) have been undertaken to improve drought monitoring and early warning systems throughout the world. The suite of innovative remote sensing tools that have recently emerged will be looked upon to fill important data and knowledge gaps (NIDIS, 2007; NRC, 2007) to address a wide range of drought-related issues including food security, water scarcity, and human health.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/b11863-23","usgsCitation":"Wardlow, B.D., Anderson, M.C., Sheffield, J., Doorn, B., Verdin, J., Zhan, X., and Rodell, M., 2012, Future opportunities and challenges in remote sensing of drought, chap. <i>of</i> Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches, p. 389-410, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11863-23.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"410","ipdsId":"IP-031383","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003712","text":"External Repository"},{"id":276693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f49e1e4b0fc50304bc4b4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D.","contributorId":75845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509193,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Martha C.","contributorId":96579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":509194,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509192,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D.","contributorId":75845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Martha C.","contributorId":96579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheffield, Justin","contributorId":69462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheffield","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doorn, Brad","contributorId":74288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doorn","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":145830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhan, Xiwu","contributorId":41323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhan","given":"Xiwu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodell, Matt","contributorId":93806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodell","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047799,"text":"70047799 - 2012 - Wet deposition of fission-product isotopes to North America from the Fukushima Dai-ichi incident, March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-23T13:30:02","indexId":"70047799","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:19:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wet deposition of fission-product isotopes to North America from the Fukushima Dai-ichi incident, March 2011","docAbstract":"Using the infrastructure of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), numerous measurements of radionuclide wet deposition over North America were made for 167 NADP sites before and after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station incident of March 12, 2011. For the period from March 8 through April 5, 2011, wet-only precipitation samples were collected by NADP and analyzed for fission-product isotopes within whole-water and filterable solid samples by the United States Geological Survey using gamma spectrometry.\n\nVariable amounts of <sup>131</sup>I, <sup>134</sup>Cs, or <sup>137</sup>Cs were measured at approximately 21% of sampled NADP sites distributed widely across the contiguous United States and Alaska. Calculated 1- to 2-week individual radionuclide deposition fluxes ranged from 0.47 to 5100 Becquerels per square meter during the sampling period. Wet deposition activity was small compared to measured activity already present in U.S. soil. NADP networks responded to this complex disaster, and provided scientifically valid measurements that are comparable and complementary to other networks in North America and Europe.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es203217u","usgsCitation":"Wetherbee, G.A., Gay, D., Debey, T.M., Lehmann, C.M., and Nilles, M.A., 2012, Wet deposition of fission-product isotopes to North America from the Fukushima Dai-ichi incident, March 2011: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 5, p. 2574-2582, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203217u.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2574","endPage":"2582","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-032448","costCenters":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276962,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es203217u"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -173.0,25.0 ], [ -173.0,71.4 ], [ -66.8,71.4 ], [ -66.8,25.0 ], [ -173.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5218846ee4b0e27b926cc70b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gay, David A.","contributorId":68022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Debey, Timothy M. tdebey@usgs.gov","contributorId":3964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debey","given":"Timothy","email":"tdebey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lehmann, Christopher M.B.","contributorId":84859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmann","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nilles, Mark A. manilles@usgs.gov","contributorId":3171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilles","given":"Mark","email":"manilles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70007539,"text":"sir20125009 - 2012 - Numerical simulation of flow in deep open boreholes in a coastal freshwater lens, Pearl Harbor Aquifer, O&#8216;ahu, Hawai&#8216;i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20125009","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:04:19","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5009","title":"Numerical simulation of flow in deep open boreholes in a coastal freshwater lens, Pearl Harbor Aquifer, O&#8216;ahu, Hawai&#8216;i","docAbstract":"The Pearl Harbor aquifer in southern O&#8216;ahu is one of the most important sources of freshwater in Hawai&#8216;i. A thick freshwater lens overlays brackish and saltwater in this coastal aquifer. Salinity profiles collected from uncased deep monitor wells (DMWs) commonly are used to monitor freshwater-lens thickness. However, vertical flow in DMWs can cause the measured salinity to differ from salinity in the adjacent aquifer or in an aquifer without a DWM. Substantial borehole flow and displacement of salinity in DMWs over several hundred feet have been observed in the Pearl Harbor aquifer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of borehole flow on measured salinity profiles from DMWs. A numerical modeling approach incorporated aquifer hydraulic characteristics and recharge and withdrawal rates representative of the Pearl Harbor aquifer. Borehole flow caused by vertical hydraulic gradients associated with both the natural regional flow system and groundwater withdrawals was simulated.\n</p>\n<p>\nModel results indicate that, with all other factors being equal, greater withdrawal rates, closer withdrawal locations, or higher hydraulic conductivities of the well cause greater borehole flow and displacement of salinity in the well. Borehole flow caused by the natural groundwater-flow system is five orders of magnitude greater than vertical flow in a homogeneous aquifer, and borehole-flow directions are consistent with the regional flow system: downward flow in inland recharge areas and upward flow in coastal discharge areas. Displacement of salinity inside the DMWs associated with the regional groundwater-flow system ranges from less than 1 to 220 ft, depending on the location and assumed hydraulic conductivity of the well. For example, upward displacements of the 2 percent and 50 percent salinity depths in a well in the coastal discharge part of the flow system are 17 and 4.4 ft, respectively, and the average salinity difference between aquifer and borehole is 0.65 percent seawater salinity. Groundwater withdrawals and drawdowns generally occur at shallow depths in the freshwater system with respect to the depth of the DMW and cause upward flow in the DMW. Simulated groundwater withdrawal of 4.3 million gallons per day that is 100 ft from a DMW causes thirty times more borehole flow than borehole flow that is induced by the regional flow field alone. The displacement of the 2 percent borehole salinity depth increases from 17 to 33 ft, and the average salinity difference between aquifer and borehole is 0.85 percent seawater salinity. Peak borehole flow caused by local groundwater withdrawal near DMWs is directly proportional to the pumping rate in the nearby production well. Increasing groundwater withdrawal to 16.7 million gallons per day increases upward displacement of the 50 percent salinity depth (midpoint of the transition zone) from 4.6 to 77 ft, and the average salinity difference between aquifer and borehole is 1.4 percent seawater salinity.  Simulated groundwater withdrawal that is 3,000 ft away from DMWs causes less borehole flow and salinity displacements than nearby withdrawal. Simulated effects of groundwater withdrawal from a horizontal shaft and withdrawal from a vertical well in a homogeneous aquifer were similar. Generally, the 50 percent salinity depths are less affected by borehole flow than the 2 percent salinity depths. Hence, measured salinity profiles are useful for calibration of regional numerical models despite borehole-flow effects. Commonly, a 1 percent error in salinity is acceptable in numerical modeling studies. Incorporation of heterogeneity in the model is necessary to simulate long vertical steps observed in salinity profiles in southern O&#8216;ahu. A thick zone of low aquifer hydraulic conductivity limits exchange of water between aquifer and well and creates a long vertical step in the salinity profile. A heterogeneous basalt-aquifer scenario simulates observed vertical salinity steps and borehole flow that is consistent with measured borehole flow from DMWs in southern O&#8216;ahu. However, inclusion of local-scale heterogeneities in regional models generally is not warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125009","usgsCitation":"Rotzoll, K., 2012, Numerical simulation of flow in deep open boreholes in a coastal freshwater lens, Pearl Harbor Aquifer, O&#8216;ahu, Hawai&#8216;i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5009, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125009.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5009.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","city":"Oahu","otherGeospatial":"Pearl Harbor Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a691de4b0c8380cd73b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rotzoll, Kolja 0000-0002-5910-888X kolja@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-888X","contributorId":3325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotzoll","given":"Kolja","email":"kolja@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046868,"text":"70046868 - 2012 - Nitrate removal in deep sediments of a nitrogen-rich river network: A test of a conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-16T13:22:23","indexId":"70046868","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:03:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate removal in deep sediments of a nitrogen-rich river network: A test of a conceptual model","docAbstract":"Many estimates of nitrogen removal in streams and watersheds do not include or account for nitrate removal in deep sediments, particularly in gaining streams. We developed and tested a conceptual model for nitrate removal in deep sediments in a nitrogen-rich river network. The model predicts that oxic, nitrate-rich groundwater will become depleted in nitrate as groundwater upwelling through sediments encounters a zone that contains buried particulate organic carbon, which promotes redox conditions favorable for nitrate removal. We tested the model at eight sites in upwelling reaches of lotic ecosystems in the Waupaca River Watershed that varied by three orders of magnitude in groundwater nitrate concentration. We measured denitrification potential in sediment core sections to 30 cm and developed vertical nitrate profiles to a depth of about 1 m with peepers and piezometer nests. Denitrification potential was higher, on average, in shallower core sections. However, core sections deeper than 5 cm accounted for 70%, on average, of the depth-integrated denitrification potential. Denitrification potential increased linearly with groundwater nitrate concentration up to 2 mg NO<sub>3</sub>-N/L but the relationship broke down at higher concentrations (> 5 mg NO<sub>3</sub>-N/L), a pattern that suggests nitrate saturation. At most sites groundwater nitrate declined from high concentrations at depth to much lower concentrations prior to discharge into the surface water. The profiles suggested that nitrate removal occurred at sediment depths between 20 and 40 cm. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were much higher in deep sediments than in pore water at 5 cm sediment depth at most locations. The substantial denitrification potential in deep sediments coupled with the declines in nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations in upwelling groundwater suggest that our conceptual model for nitrate removal in deep sediments is applicable to this river network. Our results suggest that nitrate removal rates can be high in deep sediments of upwelling stream reaches, which may have implications for efforts to understand and quantify nitrogen transport and removal at larger scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012JG001990","usgsCitation":"Stelzer, R.S., and Bartsch, L., 2012, Nitrate removal in deep sediments of a nitrogen-rich river network: A test of a conceptual model: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 117, no. G2, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG001990.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":275081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274703,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/pip/2012JG001990.shtml"},{"id":275079,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JG001990"}],"volume":"117","issue":"G2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e66b6ae4b017be1ba347ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelzer, Robert S.","contributorId":56538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":480507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043300,"text":"70043300 - 2012 - Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T17:45:05.164699","indexId":"70043300","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:46:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon","docAbstract":"The current gold standard for soil carbon (C) determination is elemental C analysis using dry combustion. However, this method requires expensive consumables, is limited by the number of samples that can be processed (~100/d), and is restricted to the determination of total carbon. With increased interest in soil C sequestration, faster methods of analysis are needed, and there is growing interest in methods based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the visible, near-infrared or mid-infrared spectral ranges. These spectral methods can decrease analytical requirements and speed sample processing, be applied to large landscape areas using remote sensing imagery, and be used to predict multiple analytes simultaneously. However, the methods require localized calibrations to establish the relationship between spectral data and reference analytical data, and also have additional, specific problems. For example, remote sensing is capable of scanning entire watersheds for soil carbon content but is limited to the surface layer of tilled soils and may require difficult and extensive field sampling to obtain proper localized calibration reference values. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the present state of spectroscopic methods for determination of soil carbon.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing agricultural greenhouse gases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Walthham, MA","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00020-6","usgsCitation":"Reeves, J.B., McCarty, G.W., Calderon, F., and Hively, W., 2012, Advances in spectroscopic methods for quantifying soil carbon, chap. <i>of</i> Managing agricultural greenhouse gases, p. 345-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386897-8.00020-6.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-028957","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f49dfe4b0fc50304bc49c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, James B. III","contributorId":40693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":78861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calderon, Francisco","contributorId":66160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderon","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154913,"text":"70154913 - 2012 - Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established population of northern river otters (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-20T11:42:52","indexId":"70154913","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established population of northern river otters (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Examination of age structures and sex ratios is useful in the management of northern river otters (</span><i>Lontra canadensis</i><span>) and other furbearers. Reintroductions and subsequent recolonizations of river otters have been well documented, but changes in demographics between expanding and established populations have not been observed. As a result of reintroduction efforts, immigration from Arkansas and northeastern Texas, and other efforts, river otters have become partially reestablished throughout eastern and central Oklahoma. Our objective was to examine age structures of river otters in Oklahoma and identify trends that relate to space (watersheds, county) and time (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service county trapping records). We predicted that river otters in western areas of the state were younger than river otters occurring farther east. From 2005&ndash;2007, we obtained salvaged river otter carcasses from federal and state agencies, and we live-captured other river otters using leg hold traps. Seventy-two river otters were sampled. Overall, sex ratios were skewed toward females (1F∶0.8M), but they did not differ among spatiotemporal scales examined. Teeth were removed from salvaged and live-captured river otters (n  =  63) for aging. One-year old river otters represented the largest age class (30.2%). Proportion of juveniles (&lt;1&nbsp;y old) in Oklahoma (19.0%) was less than other states. Mean age of river otters decreased from east-to-west in the Arkansas River and its tributaries. Mean age of river otters differed between the Canadian River Watershed (0.8&nbsp;y) and the Arkansas River Watershed (2.9&nbsp;y) and the Canadian River Watershed and the Red River Watershed (2.4&nbsp;y). Proportion of juveniles did not differ among spatiotemporal scales examined. Similar to age structure variations in other mammalian carnivores, colonizing or growing western populations of river otters in Oklahoma contained younger ages than more established eastern populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","publisherLocation":"Notre Dame, IN","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.302","usgsCitation":"Barrett, D.A., and Leslie, D., 2012, Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established population of northern river otters (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>): American Midland Naturalist, v. 168, no. 2, p. 302-314, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.302.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030103","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ae1bafe4b066a249242285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Dominic A.","contributorId":145721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Dominic","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155335,"text":"70155335 - 2012 - Estimating westslope cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>) movements in a river network using strontium isoscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-07T11:38:28","indexId":"70155335","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating westslope cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>) movements in a river network using strontium isoscapes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used natural variation in the strontium concentration (Sr:Ca) and isotope composition (</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr:</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr) of stream waters and corresponding values recorded in otoliths of westslope cutthroat trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i><span>) to examine movements during their life history in a large river network. We found significant spatial differences in Sr:Ca and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr:</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr values (strontium isoscapes) within and among numerous spawning and rearing streams that remained relatively constant seasonally. Both Sr:Ca and&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr:</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr values in the otoliths of juveniles collected from nine natal streams were highly correlated with those values in the ambient water. Strontium isoscapes measured along the axis of otolith growth revealed that almost half of the juveniles had moved at least some distance from their natal streams. Finally, otolith Sr profiles from three spawning adults confirmed homing to natal streams and use of nonoverlapping habitats over their migratory lifetimes. Our study demonstrates that otolith geochemistry records movements of cutthroat trout through Sr isoscapes and therefore provides a method that complements and extends the utility of conventional tagging techniques in understanding life history strategies and conservation needs of freshwater fishes in river networks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/f2012-033","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Thorrold, S.R., McMahon, T.E., and Marotz, B., 2012, Estimating westslope cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i>) movements in a river network using strontium isoscapes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 69, no. 5, p. 906-915, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2012-033.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"915","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035544","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5205","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f546e4b0bc0bec0a154d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorrold, Simon R.","contributorId":145861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorrold","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16270,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McMahon, Thomas E.","contributorId":145862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMahon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6765,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Marotz, Brian","contributorId":145860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marotz","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16269,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70048737,"text":"70048737 - 2012 - Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70205864,"text":"70205864 - 2012 - Physical Climate Forces","indexId":"70205864","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Physical Climate Forces"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048737,"text":"70048737 - 2012 - Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment","indexId":"70048737","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-19T12:50:30","indexId":"70048737","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment","docAbstract":"<p>The coast has long provided communities with a multitude of benefits including an \nabundance of natural resources that sustain economies, societies, and ecosystems. \nCoasts provide natural harbors for commerce, trade, and transportation; beaches and \nshorelines that attract residents and tourists; and wetlands and estuaries that are critical for fisheries and water resources. Coastal ecosystems provide critical functions to \ncycle and move nutrients, store carbon, detoxify wastes, and purify air and water. These \nareas also mitigate floods and buffer against coastal storms that bring high winds and \nsalt water inland and erode the shore. Coastal regions are critical in the development, \ntransportation, and processing of oil and natural gas resources and, more recently, are \nbeing explored as a source of energy captured from wind and waves. The many benefits \nand opportunities provided in coastal areas have strengthened our economic reliance on \ncoastal resources. Consequently, the high demands placed on the coastal environment \nwill increase commensurately with human activity. Because 35 U.S. states, commonwealths, and territories have coastlines that border the oceans or Great Lakes, impacts to \ncoastline systems will reverberate through social, economic, and natural systems across \nthe U.S.</p> \n<br/>\n<p>Impacts on coastal systems are among the most costly and most certain consequences \nof a warming climate (Nicholls et al., 2007). The warming atmosphere is expected to \naccelerate sea-level rise as a result of the decline of glaciers and ice sheets and the thermal expansion of sea water. As mean sea level rises, coastal shorelines will retreat and \nlow-lying areas will tend to be inundated more frequently, if not permanently, by the \nadvancing sea. As atmospheric temperature increases and rainfall patterns change, soil \nmoisture and runoff to the coast are likely to be altered. An increase in the intensity of \nclimatic extremes such as storms and heat spells, coupled with other impacts of climate \nchange and the effects of human development, could affect the sustainability of many \nexisting coastal communities and natural resources.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report, one of a series of technical inputs for the third NCA conducted under the \nauspices of the U.S. Global Change Research Program, examines the known effects and \nrelationships of climate change variables on the coasts of the U.S. It describes the impacts \non natural and human systems, including several major sectors of the U.S. economy, and \nthe progress and challenges to planning and implementing adaptation options. Below \nwe present the key findings from each chapter of the report, beginning with the following key findings from Chapter 1: Introduction and Context.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"National Climate Assessment regional technical input reports","language":"English","publisher":"Island Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V., and Davidson, M., 2012, Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities: a technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment, xxx, 185 p.","productDescription":"xxx, 185 p.","numberOfPages":"217","ipdsId":"IP-036879","costCenters":[{"id":488,"text":"Office of Associate Director-Climate and Land Use Change","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278609,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cakex.org/sites/default/files/documents/Coastal-NCA-1.13-web.form__0.pdf"},{"id":279175,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cakex.org/virtual-library/coastal-impacts-adaptation-and-vulnerabilities-technical-input-2013-national-climate"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96ace4b0c629af44dd9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, Margaret","contributorId":89052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, Margaret","contributorId":89052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70154847,"text":"70154847 - 2012 - Endangered river fish: factors hindering conservation and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-10T10:55:21","indexId":"70154847","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endangered river fish: factors hindering conservation and restoration","docAbstract":"<p>Globally, riverine fish face many anthropogenic threats including riparian and flood plain habitat degradation, altered hydrology, migration barriers, fisheries exploitation, environmental (climate) change, and introduction of invasive species. Collectively, these threats have made riverine fishes some of the most threatened taxa on the planet. Although much effort has been devoted to identifying the threats faced by river fish, there has been less effort devoted to identifying the factors that may hinder our ability to conserve and restore river fish populations and their watersheds. Therefore, we focus our efforts on identifying and discussing 10 general factors (can also be viewed as research and implementation needs) that constrain or hinder effective conservation action for endangered river fish: (1) limited basic natural history information; (2) limited appreciation for the scale/extent of migrations and the level of connectivity needed to sustain populations; (3) limited understanding of fish/river-flow relationships; (4) limited understanding of the seasonal aspects of river fish biology, particularly during winter and/or wet seasons; (5) challenges in predicting the response of river fish and river ecosystems to both environmental change and various restoration or management actions; (6) limited understanding of the ecosystem services provided by river fish; (7) the inherent difficulty in studying river fish; (8) limited understanding of the human dimension of river fish conservation and management; (9) limitations of single species approaches that often fail to address the broader-scale problems; and (10) limited effectiveness of governance structures that address endangered river fish populations and rivers that cross multiple jurisdictions. We suggest that these issues may need to be addressed to help protect, restore, or conserve river fish globally, particularly those that are endangered.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf, Germany","doi":"10.3354/esr00426","usgsCitation":"Cooke, S., Paukert, C.P., and Hogan, Z., 2012, Endangered river fish: factors hindering conservation and restoration: Endangered Species Research, v. 17, no. 2, p. 179-191, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00426.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033972","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00426","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a0ecb1e4b0183d66e43036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, Zeb","contributorId":145553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogan","given":"Zeb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048257,"text":"70048257 - 2012 - Extreme events, trends, and variability in Northern Hemisphere lake-ice phenology (1855-2005)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T11:38:41","indexId":"70048257","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:33:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme events, trends, and variability in Northern Hemisphere lake-ice phenology (1855-2005)","docAbstract":"Often extreme events, more than changes in mean conditions, have the greatest impact on the environment and human well-being. Here we examine changes in the occurrence of extremes in the timing of the annual formation and disappearance of lake ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Both changes in the mean condition and in variability around the mean condition can alter the probability of extreme events. Using long-term ice phenology data covering two periods 1855–6 to 2004–5 and 1905–6 to 2004–5 for a total of 75 lakes, we examined patterns in long-term trends and variability in the context of understanding the occurrence of extreme events. We also examined patterns in trends for a 30-year subset (1975–6 to 2004–5) of the 100-year data set. Trends for ice variables in the recent 30-year period were steeper than those in the 100- and 150-year periods, and trends in the 150-year period were steeper than in the 100-year period. Ranges of rates of change (days per decade) among time periods based on linear regression were 0.3−1.6 later for freeze, 0.5−1.9 earlier for breakup, and 0.7−4.3 shorter for duration. Mostly, standard deviation did not change, or it decreased in the 150-year and 100-year periods. During the recent 50-year period, standard deviation calculated in 10-year windows increased for all ice measures. For the 150-year and 100-year periods changes in the mean ice dates rather than changes in variability most strongly influenced the significant increases in the frequency of extreme lake ice events associated with warmer conditions and decreases in the frequency of extreme events associated with cooler conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0212-8","usgsCitation":"Benson, B.J., Magnuson, J., Jensen, O.P., Card, V.M., Hodgkins, G., Korhonen, J., Livingstone, D., Stewart, K.M., Weyhenmeyer, G., and Granin, N., 2012, Extreme events, trends, and variability in Northern Hemisphere lake-ice phenology (1855-2005): Climatic Change, v. 112, no. 2, p. 299-323, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0212-8.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"323","numberOfPages":"25","temporalStart":"1854-12-31","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-024690","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277858,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0212-8"}],"otherGeospatial":"Northern Hemisphere","volume":"112","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c1ce8e4b024b60d4072b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Barbara J.","contributorId":75058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magnuson, John J.","contributorId":72699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magnuson","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jensen, Olaf P.","contributorId":92159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Olaf","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Card, Virginia M.","contributorId":56146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Card","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn","contributorId":29481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Korhonen, Johanna","contributorId":34036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korhonen","given":"Johanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Livingstone, David M.","contributorId":36843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingstone","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Kenton M.","contributorId":97810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Kenton","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.","contributorId":95381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Granin, Nick G.","contributorId":21856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granin","given":"Nick G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70118551,"text":"70118551 - 2012 - Structure, spectroscopy and dynamics of layered H2O and CO2 ices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:29:06","indexId":"70118551","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:27:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3058,"text":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure, spectroscopy and dynamics of layered H2O and CO2 ices","docAbstract":"Molecular dynamics simulations of structural, spectroscopic and dynamical properties of mixed water–carbon dioxide (H<sub>2</sub>O–CO<sub>2</sub>) ices are discussed over temperature ranges relevant to atmospheric and astrophysical conditions. The simulations employ multipolar force fields to represent electrostatic interactions which are essential for spectroscopic and dynamical investigations. It is found that at the water/CO<sub>2</sub> interface the water surface acts as a template for the CO<sub>2</sub> component. The rotational reorientation times in both bulk phases agree well with experimental observations. A pronounced temperature effect on the CO<sub>2</sub> reorientation time is observed between 100 K and 200 K. At the interface, water reorientation times are nearly twice as long compared to water in the bulk. The spectroscopy of such ices is rich in the far-infrared region of the spectrum and can be related to translational and rotational modes. Furthermore, spectroscopic signatures mediated across the water/CO<sub>2</sub> interface are found in this frequency range (around 440 cm<sup>−1</sup>). These results will be particularly important for new airborne experiments such as planned for SOFIA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society of Chemistry (Cambridge)","doi":"10.1039/C2CP41904A","usgsCitation":"Lee. Myung Won, Plattner, N., and Meuwly, M., 2012, Structure, spectroscopy and dynamics of layered H2O and CO2 ices: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, v. 14, no. 44, p. 15464-15474, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CP41904A.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"15464","endPage":"15474","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291285,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2CP41904A"}],"volume":"14","issue":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee. Myung Won","contributorId":128172,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Lee. Myung Won","id":535666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plattner, Nuria","contributorId":77464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plattner","given":"Nuria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meuwly, Markus","contributorId":79408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meuwly","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70202998,"text":"70202998 - 2012 - Introduction to phytoremediation of contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:57:28.904741","indexId":"70202998","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:16:11","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Introduction to phytoremediation of contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"<div class=\"springer-html\"><p>This book provides the reader with the comprehensive view necessary to understand and critically evaluate the design, implementation, and monitoring of phytoremediation at sites characterized by contaminated groundwater. Part I presents the historical foundation of the interaction between plants and groundwater, introduces fundamental groundwater concepts for plant physiologists, and introduces basic plant physiology for hydrogeologists. Part II presents information on how to assess, design, implement, and monitor phytoremediation projects for hydrologic control. Part III presents how plants take up and detoxify a wide range of organic xenobiotics in contaminated groundwater systems, and provides various approaches on how this can be assessed and monitored. Throughout, concepts are emphasized with numerous case studies, illustrations and pertinent literature citations.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"9789400719576","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J.E., 2012, Introduction to phytoremediation of contaminated groundwater, 377 p.","productDescription":"377 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9789400719569"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James E. 0000-0002-5640-3816","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":216137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70148706,"text":"70148706 - 2012 - Assessment of freshwater fish assemblages and their habitats in the National Park Service system of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T10:13:21","indexId":"70148706","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of freshwater fish assemblages and their habitats in the National Park Service system of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>The southeast region of the United States contains the highest diversity of freshwater fish species in the country: approximately 662 species. Existing protected areas like units of the National Park Service (NPS) should reflect this biodiversity, but there has been no broad-scale assessment. We compiled several data sets identifying native freshwater fish species distributions in and surrounding NPS units and threats to those resources. Focusing on the 26 NPS units containing only freshwater fish species, we documented 288 species within NPS boundaries. The largest NPS units tended to have the most fish species and aquatic habitat but also the greatest amount of alteration. Increasing rates of urbanization, declines in percentage agriculture land cover, and increased density of road-stream crossings in surrounding watersheds were good predictors of nonindigenous species presence within NPS unit boundaries. These results help document the role of NPS units in conserving freshwater fish diversity and, in this region, suggest that measures aimed at controlling urbanization in the adjacent watersheds could affect the diversity of freshwater fish communities in these units.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2012.676835","collaboration":"National Park Service; University of Georgia; U.S. Geological Survey; Oklahoma State University; Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Long, J.M., Nibbelink, N.P., McAbee, K., and Stahli, J.W., 2012, Assessment of freshwater fish assemblages and their habitats in the National Park Service system of the southeastern United States: Fisheries, v. 37, no. 5, p. 212-225, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.676835.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028645","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558931b1e4b0b6d21dd61bbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nibbelink, Nathan P.","contributorId":141326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nibbelink","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAbee, Kevin T.","contributorId":141327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAbee","given":"Kevin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stahli, Julie W.","contributorId":141328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stahli","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118547,"text":"70118547 - 2012 - Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:13:16","indexId":"70118547","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:09:22","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates","docAbstract":"In the last 25 years there have been significant advancements in the use of well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrates in nature: whereas wireline electrical resistivity and acoustic logs were formerly used to identify gas-hydrate occurrences in wells drilled in Arctic permafrost environments, more advanced wireline and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools are now routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas-hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. Resistivity- and acoustic-logging tools are the most widely used for estimating the gas-hydrate content (i.e., reservoir saturations) in various sediment types and geologic settings. Recent integrated sediment coring and well-log studies have confirmed that electrical-resistivity and acoustic-velocity data can yield accurate gas-hydrate saturations in sediment grain-supported (isotropic) systems such as sand reservoirs, but more advanced log-analysis models are required to characterize gas hydrate in fractured (anisotropic) reservoir systems. New well-logging tools designed to make directionally oriented acoustic and propagation-resistivity log measurements provide the data needed to analyze the acoustic and electrical anisotropic properties of both highly interbedded and fracture-dominated gas-hydrate reservoirs. Advancements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging and wireline formation testing (WFT) also allow for the characterization of gas hydrate at the pore scale. Integrated NMR and formation testing studies from northern Canada and Alaska have yielded valuable insight into how gas hydrates are physically distributed in sediments and the occurrence and nature of pore fluids(i.e., free water along with clay- and capillary-bound water) in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs. Information on the distribution of gas hydrate at the pore scale has provided invaluable insight on the mechanisms controlling the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate in nature along with data on gas-hydrate reservoir properties (i.e., porosities and permeabilities) needed to accurately predict gas production rates for various gas-hydrate production schemes.","conferenceTitle":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","conferenceDate":"2012-06-16T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Cartagena, Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Lee, M.W., 2012, Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155348,"text":"70155348 - 2012 - A fine-scale assessment of using barriers to conserve native stream salmonids: a case study in Akokala Creek, Glacier National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T09:54:39","indexId":"70155348","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2948,"text":"Open Fish Science Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fine-scale assessment of using barriers to conserve native stream salmonids: a case study in Akokala Creek, Glacier National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biologists are often faced with the difficult decision in managing native salmonids of where and when to install barriers as a conservation action to prevent upstream invasion of nonnative fishes. However, fine-scale approaches to assess long-term persistence of populations within streams and watersheds chosen for isolation management are often lacking. We employed a spatially-explicit approach to evaluate stream habitat conditions, relative abundance, and genetic diversity of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) within the Akokala Creek watershed in Glacier National Park- a population threatened by introgressive hybridization with nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss) from nearby sources. The systematic survey of 24 stream reaches showed broad overlap in fish population and suitable habitat characteristics among reaches and no natural barriers to fish migration were found. Analysis of population structure using 16 microsatellite loci showed modest amounts of genetic diversity among reaches, and that fish from Long Bow Creek were the only moderately distinct genetic group. We then used this information to assess the potential impacts of three barrier placement scenarios on long-term population persistence and genetic diversity. The two barrier placement scenarios in headwater areas generally failed to meet general persistence criteria for minimum population size (2,500 individuals, Ne = 500), maintenance of long-term genetic diversity (He), and no population subdivision. Conversely, placing a barrier near the stream mouth and selectively passing non-hybridized, migratory spawners entering Akokala Creek met all persistence criteria and may offer the best option to conserve native trout populations and life history diversity. Systematic, fine-scale stream habitat, fish distribution, and genetic assessments in streams chosen for barrier installation are needed in conjunction with broader scale assessments to understand the potential impacts of using barriers for conservation of native salmonid populations threatened by nonnative fish invasions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Hilversum","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., D'Angelo, V., Kalinowski, S., Landguth, E.L., Downs, C., Tohtz, J., and Kershner, J.L., 2012, A fine-scale assessment of using barriers to conserve native stream salmonids: a case study in Akokala Creek, Glacier National Park, USA: Open Fish Science Journal, v. 5, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029972","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/case-studies/80161559/fine-scale-assessment-using-barriers-conserve-native-stream-salmonids-case-study-akokala-creek-glacier-national-park-usa"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D'Angelo, Vincent S. vdangelo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Angelo","given":"Vincent S.","email":"vdangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalinowski, S.T.","contributorId":145870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[{"id":16274,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Ecology, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landguth, Erin L.","contributorId":69002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landguth","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downs, C.C.","contributorId":145868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Downs","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16272,"text":"National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tohtz, J.","contributorId":145869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tohtz","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16273,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70118543,"text":"70118543 - 2012 - The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:47:33","indexId":"70118543","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:41:02","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine","docAbstract":"<p>Ore formation at the Spar Lake red bed-associated strata-bound Cu deposit took place across a mixing and reaction zone between a hot oxidized metals-transporting brine and a reservoir of “sour” (H<sub>2</sub>S-bearing) natural gas trapped in the host sandstones. Fluid inclusion volatile analyses have very high CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations (≥1 mol % in most samples), and a sample from the fringe of the deposit has between 18 and 36 mol % CH<sub>4</sub>. The ratio of CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> in fluid inclusions appears to vary regularly across the deposit, with the lowest CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> ratios from high-grade chalcocite-bearing ore, and the highest from the chalcopyrite-bearing fringe. The helium R/R<sub>a</sub> isotope ratios (0.23–0.98) and concentrations define a mixture between crustal and atmospheric helium. The volatiles in fluid inclusions (CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and other organic gases) and values of <i>f</i><sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> and temperature calculated from the volatiles data all show gradations across the deposit that are completely consistent with such a mixing and reaction zone. Other volatiles from the fluid inclusions (HCl, HF, <sup>3</sup>He, Msup>4</sup>He, N<sub>2</sub>, Ar) characterize the brine and give evidence for only shallow crustal fluids with no magmatic influences. The brine entered the gas reservoir from below and along the axis of the deposit and migrated out along bedding to the southwest, northeast, and northwest. Metals-transporting brines may have been fed into the host sandstones from the East Fault, but that remains uncertain.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Abundant ore-stage Fe and Mn calcite cements from the reduced fringe have δ<sup>13</sup>C values as low as −18.4‰, and many values less than −10‰, which indicate that significant carbonate was generated by oxidation of organic carbon from the natural gas. The zone of calcite cements with very low δ<sup>13</sup>C values approximately envelopes chalcocite-bearing ore.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Sulfur isotope data of Cu, Pb, and Fe sulfides and barite indicate derivation of roughly half of the orebody sulfide directly from sour gas H<sub>2</sub>S. That sour gas H<sub>2</sub>S had developed in steps known from other sedimentary basins, starting with (1) bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of seawater sulfate having δ<sup>34</sup>S of about 20‰ and sequestering of the sulfide in organic matter in source rocks stratigraphically below the deposit host rocks, followed by (2) maturation of the sulfide-bearing organic matter into liquid petroleum with relatively homogeneous sulfide having δ<sup>34</sup>S of 5 ± 5‰, then by (3) thermal cracking of the oil to CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S with relatively homogeneous sulfide having δ<sup>34</sup>S closely distributed, about 6‰. The CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S migrated and were trapped in sandstones of the upper member of the Revett Formation, where they were later met by the 200°C metals-transporting brine. There was additional contribution of sulfide to ore from later thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) operating on sulfate δ<sup>34</sup>S of 20 to 29‰ in both formation waters and metals-transporting solutions. A large range of δ<sup>34</sup>S in sulfides resulted as the 6‰ sour gas sulfide was supplemented with varying proportions of 20 to 29‰ sulfide from TSR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1223","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T.S., Landis, G.P., Whelan, J.F., Rye, R.O., and Moscati, R.J., 2012, The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1223-1249, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1223.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291271,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1223"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landis, Gary P.","contributorId":72405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":29792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118267,"text":"70118267 - 2012 - The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T16:39:27","indexId":"70118267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:38:23","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland","docAbstract":"Recent warming at high-latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw in northern peatlands, and thaw can have profound effects on local hydrology and ecosystem carbon balance. To assess the impact of permafrost thaw on soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics, we measured soil hydrologic and thermal dynamics and soil OC stocks across a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in interior Alaska. We observed dramatic changes in the distribution of soil water associated with thawing of ice-rich frozen peat. The impoundment of warm water in collapse-scar bogs initiated talik formation and the lateral expansion of bogs over time. On average, Permafrost Plateaus stored 137 ± 37 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>, whereas OC storage in Young Bogs and Old Bogs averaged 84 ± 13 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>. Based on our reconstructions, the accumulation of OC in near-surface bog peat continued for nearly 1,000 years following permafrost thaw, at which point accumulation rates slowed. Rapid decomposition of thawed forest peat reduced deep OC stocks by nearly half during the first 100 years following thaw. Using a simple mass-balance model, we show that accumulation rates at the bog surface were not sufficient to balance deep OC losses, resulting in a net loss of OC from the entire peat column. An uncertainty analysis also revealed that the magnitude and timing of soil OC loss from thawed forest peat depends substantially on variation in OC input rates to bog peat and variation in decay constants for shallow and deep OC stocks. These findings suggest that permafrost thaw and the subsequent release of OC from thawed peat will likely reduce the strength of northern permafrost-affected peatlands as a carbon dioxide sink, and consequently, will likely accelerate rates of atmospheric warming.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Jorgenson, M., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A., Kanevskiy, M.Z., and Wickland, K.P., 2012, The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland: Ecosystems, v. 15, no. 2, p. 213-229, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-027728","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291122,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":140457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.","contributorId":199153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039656,"text":"70039656 - 2012 - On modeling weak sinks in MODPATH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T10:35:22","indexId":"70039656","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:31:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On modeling weak sinks in MODPATH","docAbstract":"Regional groundwater flow systems often contain both strong sinks and weak sinks. A strong sink extracts water from the entire aquifer depth, while a weak sink lets some water pass underneath or over the actual sink. The numerical groundwater flow model MODFLOW may allow a sink cell to act as a strong or weak sink, hence extracting all water that enters the cell or allowing some of that water to pass. A physical strong sink can be modeled by either a strong sink cell or a weak sink cell, with the latter generally occurring in low resolution models. Likewise, a physical weak sink may also be represented by either type of sink cell. The representation of weak sinks in the particle tracing code MODPATH is more equivocal than in MODFLOW. With the appropriate parameterization of MODPATH, particle traces and their associated travel times to weak sink streams can be modeled with adequate accuracy, even in single layer models. Weak sink well cells, on the other hand, require special measures as proposed in the literature to generate correct particle traces and individual travel times and hence capture zones. We found that the transit time distributions for well water generally do not require special measures provided aquifer properties are locally homogeneous and the well draws water from the entire aquifer depth, an important observation for determining the response of a well to non-point contaminant inputs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x","usgsCitation":"Abrams, D.B., Haitjema, H., and Kauffman, L.J., 2012, On modeling weak sinks in MODPATH: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 4, p. 597-602, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-038474","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275561,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e063e4b0cecbe8fa9894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrams, Daniel B.","contributorId":45985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haitjema, Henk","contributorId":27769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitjema","given":"Henk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118263,"text":"70118263 - 2012 - Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:30:43","indexId":"70118263","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:29:04","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Boreal wetlands are characterized by a mosaic of plant communities, including forests, shrublands, grasslands, and fens, which are structured largely by changes in topography and water table position. The soil associated with these plant communities contain quantitatively and qualitatively different forms of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient availability that drive changes in biogeochemical cycling rates. Therefore different boreal plant communities likely contain different soil biotic communities which in turn affect rates of organic matter decomposition. We examined relationships between plant communities, microbial communities, enchytraeids, and soil C turnover in near-surface soils along a shallow topographic soil moisture and vegetation gradient in interior Alaska. We tested the hypothesis that as soil moisture increases along the gradient, surface soils would become increasingly dominated by bacteria and mesofauna and have more rapid rates of C turnover. We utilized bomb radiocarbon techniques to infer rates of C turnover and the 13C isotopic composition of SOM and respired CO<sub>2</sub> to infer the degree of soil humification. Soil phenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities were generally higher in the rich fen compared with the forest and bog birch sites. Results indicated greater C fluxes and more rapid C turnover in the surface soils of the fen sites compared to the wetland forest and shrub sites. Quantitative PCR analyses of soil bacteria and archaea, combined with enchytraeid counts, indicated that surface soils from the lowland fen ecosystems had higher abundances of these microbial and mesofaunal groups. Fungal abundance was highly variable and not significantly different among sites. Microbial data was utilized in a food web model that confirmed that rapidly cycling systems are dominated by bacterial activity and enchytraeid grazing. However, our results also suggest that oxidative enzymes play an important role in the C mineralization process in saturated systems, which has been often ignored.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Soil Sciences","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., Harden, J.W., Turetsky, M., Petersen, D., McGuire, A., Briones, M., Churchill, A., Doctor, D., and Pruett, L., 2012, Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 50, p. 188-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291116,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032"}],"volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, D.G.","contributorId":31687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briones, M.J.I.","contributorId":27370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briones","given":"M.J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Churchill, Amber C.","contributorId":85100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"Amber","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doctor, D.H.","contributorId":94773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pruett, L.E.","contributorId":86982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70038199,"text":"70038199 - 2012 - Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T18:56:01.036463","indexId":"70038199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3619,"text":"Transactions of the ASABE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation","docAbstract":"The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) has been used widely for simulating agricultural management effects on crop production and soil and water quality. Although it is a one-dimensional model, it has many desirable features for the modeling community. This article outlines the principles of calibrating the model component by component with one or more datasets and validating the model with independent datasets. Users should consult the RZWQM2 user manual distributed along with the model and a more detailed protocol on how to calibrate RZWQM2 provided in a book chapter. Two case studies (or examples) are included in this article. One is from an irrigated maize study in Colorado to illustrate the use of field and laboratory measured soil hydraulic properties on simulated soil water and crop production. It also demonstrates the interaction between soil and plant parameters in simulated plant responses to water stresses. The other is from a maize-soybean rotation study in Iowa to show a manual calibration of the model for crop yield, soil water, and N leaching in tile-drained soils. Although the commonly used trial-and-error calibration method works well for experienced users, as shown in the second example, an automated calibration procedure is more objective, as shown in the first example. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Parameter Estimation Software (PEST) into RZWQM2 made the calibration of the model more efficient than a grid (ordered) search of model parameters. In addition, PEST provides sensitivity and uncertainty analyses that should help users in selecting the right parameters to calibrate.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.42252","usgsCitation":"Ma, L., Ahuja, L., Nolan, B.T., Malone, R., Trout, T., and Qi, Z., 2012, Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 55, no. 4, p. 1425-1446, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.42252.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1446","ipdsId":"IP-037029","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c969e4b009d47a4c23de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":463644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahuja, Lajpat","contributorId":100275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Lajpat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malone, Robert","contributorId":28888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trout, Thomas","contributorId":95785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Qi, Z.","contributorId":99870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}