The longitudinal propagation of water-quality and ecological impairments in rivers during and after wildfires remain poorly understood. In Northern California, the 2022 McKinney Fire burned 243 km2 of the Klamath National Forest, with 83% of the burned area classified as moderate to high severity. During the active wildfire, a high-intensity monsoonal rain event triggered sediment-laden flooding and runoff-initiated debris flows, causing extreme water-quality impairments and a 95 km fish kill zone along the main-stem Klamath River. This rain-on-wildfire event produced a flood wave that outpaced a sediment pulse, diminishing the dilution effect of the floodwaters. A network of high-frequency water-quality sensors recorded water-quality impairments that propagated 296 km downstream. Impairments at the nearest monitoring station, situated 71 km downstream from the fire perimeter, included dissolved oxygen sags to zero (anoxia) for 5.25 h, turbidity spikes exceeding 1000 FNU, a doubling of specific conductance from 175 to 415 µS/cm (at 25 °C), and pH anomalies of 0.5 units from 7.8 to 7.3. This novel rain-on-wildfire event triggered the first flush of fire-scar material during an active wildfire, resulting in water-quality impairments unprecedented in the historical monitoring data for the river spanning 2012 to 2022. This study provides new insights into the potential role of rain-on-wildfire events in generating extreme downstream water-quality and ecological impairments in a more fire-prone future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-08179-9","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J., Johnson, G., Cahill, J., Genzoli, L., Dahm, C., Schenk, L.N., and Oberholzer, J., 2025, 2022 McKinney rain-on-wildfire event, dissolved oxygen sags, and a fish kill on the Klamath River, California: Scientific Reports, v. 15, 24668, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08179-9.","productDescription":"24668, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161626","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08179-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.18203511324225,\n 42.00661546335127\n ],\n [\n -122.63359944859491,\n 42.00661546335127\n ],\n [\n -122.63359944859491,\n 41.86910985623359\n ],\n [\n -122.18203511324225,\n 41.86910985623359\n ],\n [\n -122.18203511324225,\n 42.00661546335127\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer 0000-0001-7766-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":212727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Grant 0009-0003-9549-2713","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9549-2713","contributorId":358610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":80103,"text":"Karuk Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, Josh 0009-0008-0811-3305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0811-3305","contributorId":358613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":38097,"text":"Yurok Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Genzoli, Laurel 0000-0001-5660-7627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-7627","contributorId":358616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genzoli","given":"Laurel","affiliations":[{"id":28239,"text":"Univ of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford 0000-0003-0191-6830","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-6830","contributorId":358619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[{"id":35754,"text":"Univ of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Liam N. 0000-0002-2491-0813 lschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-0813","contributorId":4273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Liam","email":"lschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Oberholzer, John 0009-0005-9164-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9164-0330","contributorId":358622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberholzer","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":80103,"text":"Karuk Tribe","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70268901,"text":"70268901 - 2025 - Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major rivers of New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T14:07:47.316168","indexId":"70268901","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T09:04:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3711,"text":"Water Environment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major rivers of New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment, but sources that contribute to temporal and spatial variability in surface waters are not well defined. Many states are assessing PFAS in water resources, and insight from these statewide assessments can help guide future sampling efforts. A statewide assessment of 28 PFAS was conducted in New Mexico starting in 2020, and subsequent follow-up sampling has improved understanding of PFAS occurrence and sources throughout the state. PFAS were present in all major rivers of New Mexico (Rio Grande, Pecos River, San Juan River, Animas River, Canadian River, Gila River, Rio Chama, and Rio Puerco) with 13 of 28 analyzed PFAS (PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFBs, PFPeS, PFHxS, PFOS, PFOSA, 6:2 FTS) detected from at least one sample for samples collected between 2020 and 2024. This study found high temporal and spatial variability—PFAS concentrations ranged from below the laboratory detection level to 156 ng/L, with concentrations generally increasing downstream on the major rivers. PFBS was the most frequently detected and highest concentration PFAS in this study, ranging from 1 to 93 ng/L, followed by PFBA and PFPeA, ranging from 0.9 to 32 ng/L. The average of the sum of PFAS detected increased by an order of magnitude from 4 to 46 ng/L in the Rio Grande as it flows through Albuquerque, the largest urban area in New Mexico. PFAS concentration increased by 58% after a stormflow pulse flushed over Albuquerque and contributed water to the Rio Grande. The contribution of wastewater to surface water resources varied diurnally as well as seasonally. Sampling multiple locations on major rivers across multiple seasons, taking into account known anthropogenic inputs, would enhance characterization of temporal and spatial variability of PFAS concentrations. Increased sampling frequency at sites with wastewater contribution and focused investigations in areas with higher than expected PFAS could increase understanding of potential sources and variability of source contributions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wer.70129","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., 2025, Spatial and temporal variability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major rivers of New Mexico, USA: Water Environment Research, v. 97, no. 7, e70129, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70129.","productDescription":"e70129, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158323","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly R. 0000-0002-2077-6899 kbeisner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":2733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","email":"kbeisner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70268975,"text":"70268975 - 2025 - Unintended indirect effects limit elk productivity from supplemental feeding in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-11T14:02:12.03167","indexId":"70268975","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-09T08:56:53","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unintended indirect effects limit elk productivity from supplemental feeding in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"The widespread practice of supplemental feeding, a bottom-up forcing of resource availability, is intended to improve wildlife population health and survival. However, supplemental feeding could trigger indirect effects by altering predation rates and disease dynamics. We investigated the effects of feeding on three key elk (Cervus canadensis) population productivity metrics (calf:cow ratios, annual change in elk density, and harvestable surplus) across 13 regions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) over 26 years. Incorporating previous population size, climate, predator, and harvest data in a Bayesian regression framework revealed new insights about elk productivity metrics in the GYE. Supplemental feeding was associated with increased calf:cow ratios (4.9%) but was not substantially related to changes in elk density and harvestable surplus, which are both management targets. Notably, the feeding effect on calf:cow ratios appeared to be offset by increased wolf (Canis lupus) and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) predation. We hypothesize that increased elk productivity resulting from supplemental feeding is primarily transferred to predator and pathogen trophic levels in this system with limited observed effects on elk abundance and harvestable surplus. Anthropogenic food resources may have unintended indirect consequences on other trophic levels that potentially limit the direct impacts of feeding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70320","usgsCitation":"Dugovich, B.S., Tomaszewski, E.M., Cole, E., Dewey, S., MacNulty, D., Scurlock, B., Stahler, D., and Cross, P., 2025, Unintended indirect effects limit elk productivity from supplemental feeding in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 7, e70320, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70320.","productDescription":"e70320, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169240","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70320","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 45.2\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 45.2\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 45.2\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugovich, Brian Scott 0000-0001-6729-745X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-745X","contributorId":345361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugovich","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomaszewski, Emily M. 0000-0002-3766-8990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-8990","contributorId":302889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomaszewski","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Eric K. 0000-0002-2229-5853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5853","contributorId":145755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"Eric K.","affiliations":[{"id":16228,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, WY 83001 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, Sarah","contributorId":354100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dewey","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacNulty, Daniel","contributorId":338766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacNulty","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon","contributorId":339118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","affiliations":[{"id":36596,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stahler, Daniel","contributorId":348295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stahler","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":79152,"text":"Yellowstone Center for Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":204814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70268814,"text":"ofr20251034 - 2025 - Preparation and analysis methods for fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:19:50.914046","indexId":"ofr20251034","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-08T12:33:51","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1034","displayTitle":"Preparation and Analysis Methods for Fish Tissue Collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana","title":"Preparation and analysis methods for fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana","docAbstract":"Lake Koocanusa, a reservoir, receives mine wastes from metallurgical coal mines in the Elk River Valley of British Columbia, Canada. Selenium and other elements discharged by the mines into the waters of the United States can pose unknown risks to aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center can collaborate with Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks and other State and Federal agencies to design studies and to collect fish tissues to help fill this knowledge gap. This report describes the processes, techniques, and methods used to collect and analyze fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa; and procedures used to review and manage data, including quality assurance and quality control procedures used by the U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center and supporting analytical laboratories. These fish tissue collections began in 2021.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251034","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T.S., Bussell, A.M., Moloney, M.A., Dunnigan, J.L., Selch, T.M., Brandt, J.E., Stricker, C.A., Stewart, A.R., Kocen, V.A., Cleveland, D., Blazer, V.S., Janssen, S.E., Ogorek, J.M., Dunn, M., McBride, T.L., Adams, K.B., Colman, B.P., Young, M., and Christensen, J., 2025, Preparation and analysis methods for fish tissue collected from Lake Koocanusa, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1034, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251034.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-153220","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491708,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251034/full"},{"id":491707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/images/"},{"id":491706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/ofr20251034.XML"},{"id":491705,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/ofr20251034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025–1034"},{"id":491704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1034/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koocanusa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.29104936748958,\n 50.23265651730222\n ],\n [\n -117.29104936748958,\n 48.55695721902586\n ],\n [\n -114.96658880253837,\n 48.55695721902586\n ],\n [\n -114.96658880253837,\n 50.23265651730222\n ],\n [\n -117.29104936748958,\n 50.23265651730222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
The purpose of this Wake Atoll Vessel Movement Biosecurity Program Efficacy document is to provide the United States Air Force (USAF) with an unbiased review of the current (2015; hereafter referred to as the 2015 Biosecurity Plan) biosecurity plan for the military base Wake Island Airfield (WIA) on Wake Atoll (hereafter Wake). Periodic reviews are an integral step for evaluating plan efficacy and updating plans with new information for improving plan effectiveness. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) acted as an external expert to provide the first unbiased assessment of the program and observe how it was being implemented. The USAF 2015 Wake Island Biosecurity Management Plan goes beyond sea vessel and container biosecurity; however, those aspects were not included in this evaluation.
We used several methods for a quality assurance evaluation of the 2015 sea vessel and shipping container biosecurity program specified in the Biosecurity Plan. Our evaluation included real-time observations in Hawai`i and at Wake. We surveyed cargo staging areas and empty shipping containers before supply shipment and the containers, barge, and marina at Wake after shipment. We used various detection tools and techniques (for example, visual encounter surveys, glue boards, chew cards, camera traps, and so on). We carried out an insect mortality experiment trial using one of the required shipping container biosecurity tools (dichlorvos impregnated pest strips). We also included a table-top review of documentation (largely the 2015 Biosecurity Plan) with respect to our observations to provide an assessment of how well the Biosecurity Plan protocols were carried out and how well they serve their intended purpose.
We observed biosecurity concerns in each focal area and stage of cargo handling (before and after barge movement) across all surveys of containers, flat racks, break bulk, warehouses, and dock areas. Using visual inspections, we recorded biosecurity concerns for every empty container we inspected before it was to be stuffed with cargo. Most containers had structural integrity issues (such as holes and damaged floorboards) and sanitation concerns, including live animals and plant matter or seeds. About one third of the containers had mold and a few had wet floorboards or standing water. We detected live animals on the break bulk, and flat racks were in poor condition. Next, we inspected cargo staging areas and noted extensive permeability of the building where cargo was staged for the 2018 resupply shipment and the building that had typically been used. We included the adjacent dock area used for staging break bulk, shipping containers and mooring the barge. We detected more than 5,000 individuals of 105 species. We also detected seeds in each location and scattered vegetation in the dock area, including growing in from the area outside separated by a chain link fence.
During surveys at Wake, we observed that 100 percent of the shipping containers, including all containers sent with required biosecurity tools, had live animals. The barge had only one unsecured snap trap for intercepting rodents aboard, we saw areas with fairly deep layers of dirt (or soil; we did not examine it to determine its properties), and there was plant matter with seed heads on the barge gangway that could easily be transported onto the barge. There was also only one snap trap station that was improperly placed on the dock. We also observed piled wood and vegetation nearby that could provide refuge to potential stowaway animals escaping.
Combined, surveys of the containers, staging areas, barges, and receiving area in Hawai`i and at Wake resulted in detection of more than 9,000 individuals of 131 animal species; nearly 4,000 individuals of 62 species were detected in surveys of containers once they had arrived at Wake. None of the species identified are known to be native to Wake. Our preliminary risk analysis of all species detected included eight species that we scored as high risk of potentially negative effects to biodiversity, infrastructure, or human health should they arrive at Wake and become established. Six of these species were only recorded using tools not clearly required by the Biosecurity Plan or being used to implement the plan.
We observed that the required biosecurity tools intended to intercept animals in the cargo staging area did not target the suite nor number of species present. Our analysis also indicated the required biosecurity tools intended to intercept animals in shipping containers were inadequate to handle the volume of organisms that were in the containers. The insect mortality trial experiment showed the pest strips were highly effective for only one of the three species tested, leaving uncertainty about how effective they are across the suite of potential species stowing away in cargo and containers.
Base Operating Support (BOS) did not carry out all Biosecurity Plan actions, but we also noted the document uses terminology such as “recommendation” as opposed to “requirement” which may lead contractors to consider those actions as optional. However, USAF provided evidence of BOS training and follow up; this included detailed identification of specific requirements for some of the biosecurity actions that we did not observe being carried out.
The 2015 Biosecurity Plan contains critical and useful components that seem to be well carried out. However, we also saw discrepancies, weaknesses, or both across methods and protocols currently used for Wake Atoll biosecurity. We observed shortcomings at each stage of our survey as well as in the plan as written, and we suggest general modifications to the Biosecurity Plan for consideration to potentially strengthen biosecurity overall.
Prevention is the most efficient and cost-effective biosecurity measure. Based on our findings, we see possible solutions to improve existing preventative biosecurity efforts and reduce potential incursion at Wake. These potential solutions include creating and implementing the following:
Management of invasive species enhances capability to protect human health and the environment as well as to advance mission accomplishment. Biosecurity plans are an integral component for addressing invasive species. Periodic evaluation of the efficacy of these plans is useful for identifying elements that are working well and for illuminating those that can be improved. Evaluations encourage consideration of new tools and adaptation of processes to achieve better outcomes and accommodate potential future threats more efficiently and more cost effectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Hathaway, S.A., Molden, J.C., Peck, R., Rex, K.R., Brehme, C.S., Black, T., and Fisher, R.N., 2025, Wake Atoll vessel movement biosecurity program efficacy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1026, 130 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251026","productDescription":"x, 130 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-155305","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/ofr20251026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1026"},{"id":491324,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251026/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1026"},{"id":491326,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/ofr20251026.XML"},{"id":491325,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/images"},{"id":491322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1026/coverthb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Wake Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 166.58609930546095,\n 19.335566334904826\n ],\n [\n 166.58609930546095,\n 19.259871066135005\n ],\n [\n 166.6712110656557,\n 19.259871066135005\n ],\n [\n 166.6712110656557,\n 19.335566334904826\n ],\n [\n 166.58609930546095,\n 19.335566334904826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Fluorinated organic contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceuticals (FPPs), pose a persistent threat to environmental health. Widely used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods fail to capture large fractions of total organofluorine in environmental samples, confounding the assessment of fluorinated contamination. Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) is an inclusive method for total and class-based organofluorine analysis. Here, we apply 19F-NMR to 31 effluent, surface water, and foam samples collected at 13 potential organofluorine point sources or source regions and compare the results to targeted LC-MS/MS for 34 or 64 PFASs. LC-MS/MS detected a median of 11.4% of total organofluorine detected by 19F-NMR (range: nondetect to 8190 nM F 19F-NMR; nondetect to 8010 nM F LC-MS/MS). The highest 19F-NMR total organofluorine concentrations, detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)-associated foam and at a soy oil production facility, arose from resonances characteristic of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl chains. 19F-NMR resonances from aryl CF3 moieties were abundant in the WWTP-associated samples, consistent with prior reports of substantial contributions from pharmaceuticals to WWTP effluents. 19F-NMR enables the quantitative assessment of total organofluorine and qualitative insight into fluorinated structures, providing complementary analysis of organofluorine compounds missed by targeted mass spectrometry-based protocols.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05079","usgsCitation":"Faber, K., Pomerantz, W., Gray, J., Hubbard, L.E., Kolpin, D., and Arnold, W., 2025, Revealing organofluorine contamination in effluents and surface waters with complementary analytical approaches: Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-NMR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 59, no. 28, p. 14695-14706, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c05079.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14695","endPage":"14706","ipdsId":"IP-175830","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faber, K.A.","contributorId":358440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faber","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[{"id":85624,"text":"University of MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pomerantz, W.C.K","contributorId":358441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomerantz","given":"W.C.K","affiliations":[{"id":85624,"text":"University of MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":202726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":204154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, W.A.","contributorId":358442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[{"id":85624,"text":"University of MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70268852,"text":"gip254 - 2025 - U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T14:17:39.193886","indexId":"gip254","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-08T09:09:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"254","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024","docAbstract":"As of October 2024, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operated 588 sites across the United States and its territories as part of the Groundwater Climate Response Network (CRN). The CRN is comprised of wells selected to monitor the effects of climate variability, such as droughts, on groundwater levels nationwide. The CRN includes nearly 500 locations with real-time data and more than 100 sites with non-real-time data available to the public on the CRN web mapper and the USGS National Water Dashboard.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip254","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., and Caldwell, R.R., 2025, U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Climate Response Network, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 254, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip254.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175295","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/254/gip254.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 254"},{"id":491828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/254/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"National Groundwater Networks Coordinator
Observing Systems Division
Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Background
Proteins encoded by the canonical transient receptor potential (Trpc) gene family form transmembrane channels involved in diverse signal-transduction pathways. Trpc4 has been shown necessary for the induction of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in mice, a key component of which is thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT). In bats, Trpc4 exhibited diversifying selection within exons encoding regulatory binding sites of TRPC4.
Methods
To assess whether diversification of these regulatory sequences mirrors the diversification of mammalian thermoregulatory strategies, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (ω) was estimated for multiple tetrapod outgroups and eutherian orders. Four questions were addressed: (1) Did the ancestral eutherian Trpc4 diverge under positive selection from nonplacental mammals that lack BAT? (2) Did Trpc4 subsequently become more constrained in descendant eutherian clades? (3) In eutherian clades that subsequently lost BAT by inactivation of the thermogenin gene Ucp1, did Trpc4 become less constrained? (4) Does the evolutionary rate of Trpc4 differ between quantitatively more heterothermic mammal orders (bats and rodents) relative to quantitatively less heterothermic outgroups (carnivores, artiodactylids, and primates)?
Results
Coincident with the advent of BAT, Trpc4 evolutionary rate increased significantly in ancestral eutheria after their divergence from nonplacental mammals but a branch-site model did not support a rate class ω > 1 along that branch. In descendant eutherian mammals, Trpc4 became far more constrained, with an evolutionary rate less than half that of tetrapod clades lacking NST, a pattern was not seen in other Trp channel genes. Intensifying selection in descendent eutherian mammals was further supported with the RELAX program, which also indicated reduced constraint on Trpc4 in clades that have secondarily lost BAT. However, no consistent pattern was identified within mammalian orders with strong variation in heterothermy: evidence of increased evolutionary rate was again found in bats for Trpc4 as well as homologs it directly binds in heteromeric membrane channels (Trpc5 and Trpc1), yet all rodent Trpc genes had low evolutionary rates. Evolutionary rates of Trpc4 and Trpc1 in bats were consistent with relaxed constraint whereas bat Trpc5 experienced diversifying selection. Most variation among tetrapod TRPC4 sequences lies within an 85 amino-acid window that is functionally uncharacterized. Sequence alignments demonstrated that the TRPC4 β isoform, which lacks a portion of the C-terminal regulatory region, originated in basal eutherians but appears to be lost in many tip lineages. Collectively, the data indicate that the C-terminal region of TRPC4 has responded to selection on NST thermoregulation during the diversification of eutherian mammals. The drivers of increased diversification of Trpc4 and interacting genes in bats remain to be determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19697","usgsCitation":"Cornman, R.S., 2025, Molecular evolution of TRPC4 regulatory sequences supports a role in mammalian thermoregulatory adaptation: PeerJ, v. 13, e19697, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19697.","productDescription":"e19697, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175755","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70271514,"text":"70271514 - 2025 - The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-18T15:47:04.577037","indexId":"70271514","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T10:36:22","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i","title":"The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i","docAbstract":"During the past century, the proliferation of invasive species has contributed to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. In forests, invasive tree species can alter ecosystem function, but the underlying mechanisms of these changes are not fully understood. We use the ongoing invasion of P. cattleianum on the Island of Hawai’i to test the hypotheses that invasive structural changes drive changes to forest evapotranspiration (ET). The aim of our study is first to quantify the structural changes to native ‘ōhi‘a -dominated forest impacted by a gradient of P. cattleianum invasion. Our results suggest that invasive P. cattleianum causes significant changes to the vegetation density and structure of native forest on the Island of Hawai’i, including increased vegetation area index, decreased mean leaf height, and decreased structural heterogeneity. Second, we strove to understand the functional implications of structural changes through a biophysical modeling simulation, testing the sensitivity of ET to canopy structure under contrasting scenarios. Modeling the functional impact of structural change, we found that plots with P. cattleianum invasion importance value (IVinv) above 0.35 have a higher likelihood to increase ET compared to plots with P. cattleianum invasion less than 0.35 IVinv. Modeled increases in ET due to invasion ranged from 19 and 123% relative to native transects. The large variation in ET increases is caused by structural variation because the modeling scenarios did not include potential species differences in leaf physiology. Diagnostic scenario modeling shows the effect size of increased leaf area on modeled ET is constrained by the structural arrangement, that is vertical distribution, of the increased vegetation. Thus, invasion structure that increases vegetation density in taller, more sunlit forest strata will lead to a greater increase in ET compared to invasion structure that increases vegetation density in the shaded forest understory. Overall, we conclude the vertical distribution of vegetation is an important factor shaping the impact of invasive P. cattleianum on the forest water balance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-025-00974-9","usgsCitation":"Seely, T., Fortini, L., Liang, Y., and Battles, J.J., 2025, The structural and functional impacts of invasive Psidium cattleianum in forests on the Island of Hawai’i: Ecosystems, v. 28, 39, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-025-00974-9.","productDescription":"39, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-166688","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-025-00974-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n 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Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liang, Yutong","contributorId":361565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Yutong","affiliations":[{"id":27526,"text":"Georgia Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battles, John J.","contributorId":102006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":948992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70268855,"text":"70268855 - 2025 - Chlorophyll trends are negative for lakes but positive for estuarine–coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T15:17:42.154606","indexId":"70268855","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T10:14:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorophyll trends are negative for lakes but positive for estuarine–coastal waters","docAbstract":"Nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) pollution is an environmental problem of global concern because overenrichment of water bodies increases phytoplankton biomass and ecosystem metabolism, depletes oxygen in bottom waters, and increases the frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms. These responses to nutrient pollution have motivated policies to reduce anthropogenic nutrient inputs. However, these policies have not been universally implemented and their success at reducing phytoplankton biomass is confounded by other components of global change that regulate the conversion of nutrients into biomass. These regulating processes themselves are changing in the Anthropocene. Our study is an assessment of changing phytoplankton biomass over the period 2000–2019, using chlorophyll a trends measured in 191 lakes and 159 estuarine-coastal sites. Our results show that phytoplankton biomass has decreased in most lakes, increased in most coastal sites, and the largest trends have been predominantly negative for lakes and positive for coastal sites. These results provide evidence of opposing directions of phytoplankton biomass change between lakes and coastal sites in this recent period of unprecedented global change. Nutrient pollution is a knotty environmental problem, and our study indicates that it might be a particularly challenging problem for ecosystems situated in densely populated landscapes where freshwater and sea water meet. Success at overcoming this challenge will require deeper scientific understanding of changes in processes that regulate the conversion of nutrients into phytoplankton biomass, substantial investments of time and resources to reduce nutrient inputs, and a flexible strategy designed to anticipate and adapt to a changing world.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2502289122","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A., 2025, Chlorophyll trends are negative for lakes but positive for estuarine–coastal waters: PNAS, v. 122, no. 122, e2502289122, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2502289122.","productDescription":"e2502289122, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173995","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2502289122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan","contributorId":357740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70268850,"text":"70268850 - 2025 - Soil moisture partitioning between under canopy and interspace environments in shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T14:37:48.234822","indexId":"70268850","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T09:32:59","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil moisture partitioning between under canopy and interspace environments in shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert","docAbstract":"Soil moisture is a key link between hydrologic and ecologic processes in desert shrublands. Understanding how soil moisture is spatially distributed in desert shrublands provides valuable insights into how shrubs use and impact limiting water resources, and how shrublands may respond to future meteorological and climate change. Our goals were to determine how soil moisture is partitioned between soil volumes under canopies and in the bare soil interspaces across multiple desert shrublands, and to evaluate the roles of physical soil properties, shrub-type characteristics, meteorology, and measurement resolution in influencing and observing variation in soil moisture partitioning. Utilizing two long-term soil moisture datasets (monthly resolution, 30 years, whole soil profile measurements; and 30 min resolution, 10 years, 10–30 cm measurements), we compared soil moisture partitioning across nine northern Chihuahuan Desert shrubland sites (three sites dominated by creosotebush [Larrea tridentata], three by honey mesquite [Prosopis glandulosa], and three by tarbush [Flourensia cernua]) in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico, USA. Over 30 years, monthly, whole profile data showed that soil moisture in mesquite shrublands was consistently higher in bare soil interspaces compared to under canopies, whereas soil moisture under and between shrubs was more similar in creosotebush and tarbush shrublands. Physical soil properties were linked as explanatory variables of long-term soil moisture partitioning (monthly whole profile dataset), whereas 30-minute data showed that shorter-term periods of higher precipitation promoted greater near surface soil moisture (10–30 cm) in bare soil interspaces that was not captured at monthly time steps. Thus, although the long-term average partitioning of soil moisture in these shrublands is strongly controlled by soil physical properties, soil moisture partitioning varies at shorter timescales (daily to weekly) in response to precipitation events. Moreover, shrub-type characteristics influenced soil moisture partitioning, with dense and tall mesquite shrubs having lower under canopy soil moisture than tarbush, and root architecture potentially influencing partitioning across creosotebush sites. These results illustrate diversity in soil moisture partitioning both between and within shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, and elucidate how physical soil properties, shrub-type characteristics, and meteorological variation interact to shape their soil moisture dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-025-00987-4","usgsCitation":"Pinos, J., Hammond, K., Duniway, M.C., Anderson, J.P., Hanan, N.P., and Petrie, M., 2025, Soil moisture partitioning between under canopy and interspace environments in shrublands of the northern Chihuahuan Desert: Ecosystems, v. 28, 41, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-025-00987-4.","productDescription":"41, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172365","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"northern Chihuahuan Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 32.45\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 32.45\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 32.8\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 32.8\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pinos, Juan","contributorId":357729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinos","given":"Juan","affiliations":[{"id":85544,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Keegan","contributorId":357730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammond","given":"Keegan","affiliations":[{"id":85544,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, John P.","contributorId":206326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37311,"text":"Jornada Experimental Range Department, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanan, Niall P.","contributorId":208283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanan","given":"Niall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37773,"text":"Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Petrie, Matthew D.","contributorId":206328,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrie","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":37312,"text":"Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70269538,"text":"70269538 - 2025 - Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T13:59:38.046029","indexId":"70269538","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T08:56:12","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254","title":"Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254","docAbstract":"Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxin produced during some cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), can harm ecosystems and require consideration in water treatment. Ultraviolet (UV)-C treatment has the potential to degrade cyanotoxins with less harmful byproducts than other treatments. This study compares MC-LR degradation in three different water types using UV-C light emitted from a krypton-chlorine excimer lamp (UV light at 222 nm, UV222) or a low-pressure (LP) Hg lamp (UV light at 254 nm, UV254). Quantitative analyses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA), and high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) demonstrated that UV222 had a degradation rate constant 2.4–4.2 times greater than UV254. This aligns with the MC-LR molar absorption (ε) and quantum yield (Φ) in deionized (DI) water. LC-HRMS revealed the photoisomer concentration increasing with UV dose. Trends of abundant photoisomers indicate further degradation. Together, these trends indicate UV222 is a more complete pathway toward protein phosphatase inhibition 2A (PP2A) inactive compounds than UV254. Electrical energy per order (EEO) for UV222 and UV254 was similar across all water matrices and analytical methods, demonstrating that UV222 has the potential to surpass the degradation and electrical efficiency of UV254 used in water disinfection.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c03660","usgsCitation":"Leciejewski, Z., Laughrey, Z.R., Stickney, A., Loftin, K.A., and Hull, N., 2025, Comparison of Microcystin-LR degradation by UV222 and UV254: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 59, no. 28, p. 14660-14671, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c03660.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14660","endPage":"14671","ipdsId":"IP-173035","costCenters":[{"id":84311,"text":"Central Plains Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leciejewski, Zanna J.","contributorId":358625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leciejewski","given":"Zanna J.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughrey, Zachary R. 0000-0002-7630-2078 zlaughrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-2078","contributorId":198516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughrey","given":"Zachary","email":"zlaughrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stickney, Amanda L.","contributorId":358628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stickney","given":"Amanda L.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":221964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":944007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hull, Natalie M.","contributorId":358631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hull","given":"Natalie M.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":944008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270914,"text":"70270914 - 2025 - Land application of drill waste: A scope analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-27T15:41:07.70669","indexId":"70270914","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-07T08:35:30","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22191,"text":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land application of drill waste: A scope analysis","docAbstract":"Drilling fluid waste land application, a process where drilling wastes are spread and tilled into the land surface, has become common in some petroleum-producing states, however, the potential benefits and risks of this practice are not well studied. Drilling fluids can be water- or oil-based and can have high concentrations of total soluble salts and total petroleum hydrocarbons. Comprehensive chemical characterization of these fluids is not well documented in the literature, and the extent of land application is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the land application of drill waste would fluctuate over time due to economic factors. To begin to understand the extent of historical and potential future land application, we analyzed data from over 5,800 drilling fluid land application permits collected by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission for years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015–2020. During the years studied, drilling fluid wastes were applied to more than 250,000 acres in Oklahoma, with over 54,000 thousand barrels (Mbbl) of liquids and nearly 21,000 Mbbl of solids applied. Land application is widespread (occurring in 59/77 counties), however recent drilling activity, land availability, and the economics of transportation have created conditions favorable for land application specifically in the Anadarko Basin. Land application can co-occur with sensitive areas, such as important groundwater and surface-water drinking sources and agricultural fields used for subsistence or feed crop production. Our approach for quantifying the extent of land application, along with further chemical characterization studies, can aid operators and land managers who are considering this practice in assessing the associated benefits and risks.
Subsurface wastewater injection has increased the seismicity rate within the Raton Basin over more than two decades, with the basin-wide injection rate peaked between 2009-2015. To understand the evolution of injection-induced earthquakes, we systematically analyzed 2016-2024 broadband recordings with a machine-learning-based phase picker and constructed a catalog with 95,993 earthquakes (-1≤ML≤4.3). We then inverted for full centroid moment tensors (CMT) for 90 ML ≥ 2 events, with a special interest in constraining the non-double-couple components via probabilistic metrics. Both relocations and CMT solutions support basement-rooted normal faults, including graben and half-graben structures. Furthermore, we observe the non-double-couple components that imply elevated pore pressure in the fault zones. An earthquake cluster emerged in the north-central basin in 2023, preceded by ~1-yr of increased injection volume from wells within 15km. Despite a basin-wide decrease in the injection volume, we highlights the persistence of seismicity that remains to sensitive to injection rates within the Raton Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL114675","usgsCitation":"Jamalreyhani, M., Wang, R., Schmandt, B., Peña Castro, A., and Glasgow, M.E., 2025, Evidence for fluid pressurization of fault zones and persistent sensitivity to injection rate beneath the Raton Basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 52, no. 13, e2025GL114675, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114675.","productDescription":"e2025GL114675, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174090","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl114675","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Raton Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.84745273155198,\n 37.25901175707777\n ],\n [\n -104.84745273155198,\n 36.70387419499353\n ],\n [\n -104.23063602144036,\n 36.70387419499353\n ],\n [\n -104.23063602144036,\n 37.25901175707777\n ],\n [\n -104.84745273155198,\n 37.25901175707777\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza","contributorId":236673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamalreyhani","given":"Mohammadreza","affiliations":[{"id":47513,"text":"1: Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Iran. 2: GFZ German research centre for geosciences, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ruijia","contributorId":357742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ruijia","affiliations":[{"id":85546,"text":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmandt, Brandon","contributorId":202750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmandt","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peña Castro, Andres Felipe","contributorId":357743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peña Castro","given":"Andres Felipe","affiliations":[{"id":85548,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glasgow, Margaret Elizabeth 0000-0001-5637-5918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-5918","contributorId":340268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasgow","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273985,"text":"70273985 - 2025 - Increased mortality rates caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a migratory raptor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-20T15:04:21.494411","indexId":"70273985","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-06T08:59:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased mortality rates caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a migratory raptor","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused extensive mortalities in wild birds with a disproportionate impact on raptors since 2021. The population-level impact of HPAIV can be informed by telemetry studies that track large samples of initially healthy, wild birds. We leveraged movement data from 71 rough-legged hawks (Buteo lagopus) across all major North American migratory bird flyways concurrent with the 2022–2023 HPAIV outbreak and identified a total of 29 mortalities, of which 11 were confirmed, and an additional ~9 were estimated to have been caused by HPAIV. We estimated a 28% HPAIV cause-specific mortality rate among rough-legged hawks during a single year concurrent with the HPAIV outbreak in North America. Additionally, the overall mortality rate during the HPAIV outbreak (47%) was significantly higher than baseline annual mortality rates (3%–17%) suggesting that HPAIV-caused deaths were additive above baseline mortality levels. HPAIV mortalities were concentrated within the Central and Atlantic flyways during prebreeding migration and peaked in April 2022 when large-scale HPAIV mortalities were reported in other wild birds throughout North America. HPAIV exposure was most likely caused by scavenging or preying on infected waterfowl, as rough-legged hawks are known to opportunistically scavenge during the nonbreeding season. We utilized movement data to identify a continental-scale HPAIV cause-specific mortality event in rough-legged hawks that has the potential to exacerbate ongoing population declines. Our study highlights the usefulness of monitoring movement data to pinpoint sources of mortality that can help better understand the drivers of population change, even if studies are focused on other research questions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71715","usgsCitation":"Paprocki, N., Kidd, J., Conway, C.J., 2025, Increased mortality rates caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in a migratory raptor: Ecology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 7, e71715, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71715.","productDescription":"e71715, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175046","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.48107169920122,\n 33.854684262885186\n ],\n [\n -80.01853686335615,\n 38.18351676111723\n ],\n [\n -70.38701390108191,\n 42.41835122143618\n ],\n [\n -51.60484236017351,\n 47.93996656277548\n ],\n [\n -62.142196774650486,\n 67.55774528768225\n ],\n [\n -81.32631368778695,\n 76.1647300166936\n ],\n [\n -126.79642681009375,\n 75.05830106703817\n ],\n [\n -164.01601967620257,\n 69.95744509464026\n ],\n [\n -167.8253912694451,\n 65.37165740136732\n ],\n [\n -166.51043144858755,\n 62.0157119861629\n ],\n [\n -130.6425851599529,\n 60.724801406221076\n ],\n [\n -124.22486207042786,\n 47.55468424281966\n ],\n [\n -122.6165496747429,\n 38.85674316643377\n ],\n [\n -100.48107169920122,\n 33.854684262885186\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paprocki, Neil","contributorId":355054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paprocki","given":"Neil","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kidd, Jeff W","contributorId":243473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kidd","given":"Jeff W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273845,"text":"70273845 - 2025 - Cryptic ice wedge networks in Holocene peat, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T14:57:41.937702","indexId":"70273845","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-06T07:44:37","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cryptic ice wedge networks in Holocene peat, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), covering ~75,000 km2 of Alaska's discontinuous permafrost zone, has a historic (1902–2023) mean annual air temperature of ~−1°C and was previously thought to lack ice wedge networks. However, our recent investigations near Bethel, Alaska, revealed numerous near-surface ice wedges. Using 20 cm resolution aerial orthoimagery from 2018, we identified ~50 linear km of ice wedge troughs in a 60 km2 study area. Fieldwork in 2023 and 2024 confirmed ice wedges up to ~1.5 m wide and ~2.5 m in vertical extent, situated on average 0.9 m below the tundra surface (n = 29). Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) detected additional ice wedges beyond those visible in the remote sensing imagery, suggesting an underestimation of their true abundance. Coring of polygonal centers revealed late-Quaternary deposits, including thick early Holocene peat, late-Pleistocene ice-rich silts (reworked Yedoma), charcoal layers from tundra fires, and the Aniakchak CFE II tephra (~3600 cal yrs BP). Stable water isotopes from Bethel's wedge ice (mean δ18O = −15.7 ‰, δ2H = −113.1 ‰) indicate a relatively enriched signature compared to other Holocene ice wedges in Alaska, likely due to warmer temperatures and maritime influences. Expanding our mapping across the YKD using high-resolution satellite imagery from 2012 to 2024, we estimate that the Holocene ice wedge zone encompasses ~30% of the YKD tundra region. Our findings demonstrate that ice wedge networks are more widespread across the YKD than previously recognized, emphasizing both the resilience and vulnerability of the region's warm, ice-rich permafrost. These insights are crucial for understanding permafrost responses to climate change and assessing agricultural potential and development in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ppp.70004","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Kanevskiy, M.Z., Ward Jones, M.K., Wilson, P.R., Ditmer, I., Gaglioti, B.V., Klein, E.S., Rangel, R.C., Wallace, K.L., Jones, M.C., Wooller, M.J., and Shur, Y., 2025, Cryptic ice wedge networks in Holocene peat, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 36, no. 4, p. 678-701, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.70004.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"678","endPage":"701","ipdsId":"IP-175795","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n 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Z.","contributorId":366064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward Jones, Melissa K.","contributorId":366065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward Jones","given":"Melissa","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Phillip R.","contributorId":366066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Phillip","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ditmer, 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C.","contributorId":366073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rangel","given":"Rodrigo","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":257239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":345664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82686,"text":"College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shur, Yuri","contributorId":169367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shur","given":"Yuri","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70268872,"text":"70268872 - 2025 - Disease-driven collapse of the native Kauaʻi avifauna and the rise of introduced bird species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T15:23:24.011957","indexId":"70268872","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-05T10:18:36","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disease-driven collapse of the native Kauaʻi avifauna and the rise of introduced bird species","docAbstract":"Hawaii hosts one of Earth’s most unique and threatened avifaunas. Upslope migration of mosquito-vectored avian malaria on Kauaʻi (maximum elevation 1,598 m) has likely caused its rapid loss of avifaunal diversity; only 8 of 13 historic forest bird species remain. We update the status and trends of Kauaʻi forest bird populations since the original (1981) surveys using the latest (2023) survey data and distance sampling. We fit detection functions to species-specific count data and stratified estimates across the Interior (since 1981) and Exterior (since 2000) survey areas, and between low (900–1,100 m), medium (1,100–1,300 m) and high (> 1,300 m) elevation bands (since 2000). Log-linear trends of ʻakekeʻe (Loxops caeruleirostris), ʻanianiau (Magumma parva), ʻiʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea), and Kauaʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri) steeply declined across the timeseries, with extinction of ʻakekeʻe and ʻiʻiwi expected before 2050. Undetected in 2023, ʻakikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) were excluded from analysis. ʻApapane (Himatione sanguinea), Kauaʻi ʻelepaio (Chasiempis sclateri), Chinese hwamei (Garrulax canorus), and white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) were stable overall. Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) steadily declined, whereas Japanese bush warbler (Horornis diphone) and warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) exponentially increased. Taxonomic and functional diversity did not vary greatly across our timeseries, while the proportion of introduced species in the Exterior increased from 34 to 59%. However, introduced species do not replace the losses of ecological functions from native species, whose populations are likely declining from avian malaria. Future monitoring can be used to evaluate forest bird population responses to mosquito suppression using the Incompatible Insect Technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10531-025-03111-z","usgsCitation":"Hunt, N., Crampton, L.H., Winter, T., Alexander, J., Glib, R., and Camp, R.J., 2025, Disease-driven collapse of the native Kauaʻi avifauna and the rise of introduced bird species: Biodiversity and Conservation, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-025-03111-z.","ipdsId":"IP-174147","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-025-03111-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaua'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.71699717610605,\n 22.227931797804146\n ],\n [\n -159.71699717610605,\n 22.046986423712184\n ],\n [\n -159.4442920844603,\n 22.046986423712184\n ],\n [\n -159.4442920844603,\n 22.227931797804146\n ],\n [\n -159.71699717610605,\n 22.227931797804146\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Noah J. 0009-0008-9859-7007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9859-7007","contributorId":357746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Noah J.","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crampton, Lisa H.","contributorId":192559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crampton","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Tyler A","contributorId":357748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Tyler A","affiliations":[{"id":85549,"text":"Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, Jack D","contributorId":357749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jack D","affiliations":[{"id":85549,"text":"Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glib, Roy","contributorId":357750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glib","given":"Roy","affiliations":[{"id":27518,"text":"Colorado Natural Heritage Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Camp, Richard J. 0000-0001-7008-923X rick_camp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-923X","contributorId":189964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard","email":"rick_camp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70268849,"text":"70268849 - 2025 - Precipitation pulse dynamics are not ubiquitous: A global meta-analysis of plant and ecosystem carbon- and water-related pulse responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T17:08:38.774687","indexId":"70268849","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-05T10:05:47","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation pulse dynamics are not ubiquitous: A global meta-analysis of plant and ecosystem carbon- and water-related pulse responses","docAbstract":"Ecosystem responses to precipitation pulses (“pulse responses”) exert a large control over global carbon, water, and energy cycles. However, it is unclear how the timing and magnitude of pulse responses will vary across ecosystems as precipitation regimes shift under accelerating climate change. To address this issue, this study evaluates how plants and ecosystems respond to precipitation pulses and explores potential implications of altered precipitation regimes for the carbon and water cycles. In particular, we conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude and timing of plant and ecosystem carbon-related (Anet, NPP, GPP, Reco, Rbg) and water-related (ET, T, Ψ, gs) responses to 587 precipitation pulses. By analyzing pulse-response metrics published in the primary literature, we evaluated the characteristics of those pulse responses. We assessed whether precipitation pulses lead to a classic pulse response (i.e., a hump-shaped response as described by the pulse-reserve framework), a linear pulse response, a combination of classic and linear, or a lack of a pulse response. If a pulse response occurred, we explored the factors that drove its timing, magnitude, and speed. Our meta-analyses revealed that the classic, hump-shaped response is not ubiquitous, as it only accounted for 52% of the pulse responses. However, when a pulse response did occur, carbon-related responses to precipitation pulses were larger in magnitude (e.g., larger peak) than water-related pulse responses at relatively arid sites. However, at relatively mesic sites, this relationship reversed (i.e., water-related responses to precipitation pulses were larger than carbon-related responses). Additionally, larger precipitation pulse amounts increased water-related response magnitudes more than carbon-related response magnitudes across both arid and mesic sites. Therefore, under future precipitation intensification, carbon-related responses to precipitation pulses may become more decoupled from water-related pulse responses in wetter biomes but more coupled to water-related pulse responses in drier biomes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.70327","usgsCitation":"Reich, E., Guo, J., Peltier, D., Palmquist, E.C., Samuels-Crow, K., Boone, R., and Ogle, K., 2025, Precipitation pulse dynamics are not ubiquitous: A global meta-analysis of plant and ecosystem carbon- and water-related pulse responses: Global Change Biology, v. 31, no. 7, e70327, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70327.","productDescription":"e70327, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172036","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70327","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Emma","contributorId":355440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reich","given":"Emma","affiliations":[{"id":84751,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Jessica","contributorId":356781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":85232,"text":"CCT Data Science Group, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peltier, Drew","contributorId":357727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peltier","given":"Drew","affiliations":[{"id":85542,"text":"School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmquist, Emily C. 0000-0003-1069-2154 epalmquist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-2154","contributorId":5669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmquist","given":"Emily","email":"epalmquist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Samuels-Crow, Kimberly","contributorId":289104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuels-Crow","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62051,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems; Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boone, Rohan","contributorId":357728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boone","given":"Rohan","affiliations":[{"id":85543,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ogle, Kiona","contributorId":248351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogle","given":"Kiona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274495,"text":"70274495 - 2025 - AviList: A unified global bird checklist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T16:05:19.722523","indexId":"70274495","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-05T08:49:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AviList: A unified global bird checklist","docAbstract":"Universally recognized scientific names for organisms are necessary for accurate and efficient communication. Incongruence in taxonomic treatments results in situations where one name is used for different entities or one entity is known by different names, with negative consequences for conservation, science, trade, legislation, law enforcement, and education, leading to discord among stakeholders and confusion among users. Within the ornithological community taxonomic incongruence among four widely adopted global bird checklists has led to calls for the development of a single unified global avian taxonomy or checklist. Here we introduce AviList, a comprehensive, collaborative and evolving effort towards developing a unified global avian taxonomy, spearheaded by representatives of most current global checklists and many major regional authorities, and supported by the International Ornithologists’ Union (IOU), BirdLife International and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. AviList version 2025, the first version, was officially launched on 11 June 2025 and is available online as a comprehensive, searchable public-access database. It recognizes 11,131 bird species in 2376 genera, 252 families and 46 orders. This global effort has resolved over 1000 species-level taxonomic incongruences among existing checklists. With AviList’s launch, the IOC World Bird List and the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World have ceased any independent taxonomic updates, while BirdLife International is in the process of total alignment, leading to a harmonization in the classification underpinning a number of major bird projects, including eBird, Macaulay Library, Merlin Bird ID and the IUCN Red List. Adoption of AviList will improve inter-operability across global biodiversity, molecular, ecological and spatial databases (e.g. GBIF). Strong governance of AviList will ensure it is a “living” document that is regularly updated by a global community of bird taxonomists as new scientific advances are made, with positive impacts for conservation, academia and human society. It is hoped that AviList will support and encourage taxonomic science by identifying areas where further research is most needed, and that it will provide a blueprint for taxonomic authorities in other organismic groups endeavoring to achieve taxonomic harmonization.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10531-025-03120-y","usgsCitation":"Rheindt, F.E., Donald, P.F., Donsker, D.B., Gerbracht, J.A., Iliff, M.J., Lepage, D., Norman, J.A., Rasmussen, P.C., Schodde, R., Schulenberg, T.S., Areta, J.I., Brammer, F.B., Chesser, R., Dowsett, R.J., Peterson, A., Alström, P., Stervander, M., Remsen, J., Garnett, S.T., Homberger, D.G., Lei, F., and Christidis, L., 2025, AviList: A unified global bird checklist: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 34, p. 3359-3376, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-025-03120-y.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3359","endPage":"3376","ipdsId":"IP-180319","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/biosci_pubs/5078","text":"External Repository"},{"id":501716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rheindt, Frank E.","contributorId":368856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rheindt","given":"Frank","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":64287,"text":"National University of Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donald, Paul F.","contributorId":368857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donald","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":87657,"text":"BirdLife International; University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donsker, David B.","contributorId":368858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donsker","given":"David","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":87658,"text":"IOC World Bird List","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerbracht, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":368859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerbracht","given":"Jeffrey","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36682,"text":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iliff, Marshall J.","contributorId":368860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iliff","given":"Marshall","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36682,"text":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lepage, Denis","contributorId":368861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepage","given":"Denis","affiliations":[{"id":87659,"text":"Birds Canada, Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Norman, Janette A.","contributorId":368862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman","given":"Janette","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":40535,"text":"Southern Cross University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rasmussen, Pamela C.","contributorId":360724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Pamela","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":35930,"text":"Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schodde, Richard","contributorId":200606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schodde","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schulenberg, Thomas S.","contributorId":368864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulenberg","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36682,"text":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Areta, Juan I.","contributorId":368865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Areta","given":"Juan","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":87661,"text":"Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noroeste Argentino","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Brammer, Frederik B.","contributorId":368866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brammer","given":"Frederik","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":34928,"text":"Independent Researcher","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Chesser, R. Terry 0000-0003-4389-7092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-7092","contributorId":87669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dowsett, Robert J.","contributorId":260300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":52559,"text":"Le Pouget, 30440 Sumène, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Peterson, Alan","contributorId":368868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":34928,"text":"Independent Researcher","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Alström, Per","contributorId":368869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alström","given":"Per","affiliations":[{"id":87663,"text":"Uppsala University; Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stervander, Martin","contributorId":368870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stervander","given":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":49893,"text":"National Museums Scotland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Remsen, J.V. Jr.","contributorId":344118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remsen","given":"J.V.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Garnett, Stephen T.","contributorId":368871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garnett","given":"Stephen","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12877,"text":"Charles Darwin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Homberger, Domnique G.","contributorId":368872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homberger","given":"Domnique","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lei, Fumin","contributorId":368873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lei","given":"Fumin","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Christidis, Les","contributorId":368874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christidis","given":"Les","affiliations":[{"id":40535,"text":"Southern Cross University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70268993,"text":"70268993 - 2025 - Bacterial community structure across a sand dune chronosequence at the Indiana Dunes National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-19T14:17:39.302622","indexId":"70268993","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-05T08:35:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial community structure across a sand dune chronosequence at the Indiana Dunes National Park","docAbstract":"The microbial role in dune succession along the Great Lakes freshwater sand dunes remains poorly understood. A chronosequence study was conducted to understand the relationships among soil bacterial communities, soil chemistry, and prescribed burning at the Indiana Dunes National Park. Soil bacterial communities and chemistry, as well as groundlayer vegetation were sampled during 2015 and 2017 from seven successional stages from the beach (contemporary) to the 14,000-year-old oak forest. Bacterial communities from unburned and burned sites among stages were determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Soil pH and cations decreased from early (beach, foredune, secondary dune, and woodland transition) to late (oak savanna, woodland, and oak forest) successional stages, while organic matter and organic carbon concentrations increased in the late successional stages. Bacterial alpha diversity showed no significant differences among stages, but a significant interaction was found between stage and prescribed burning (H = 39.7, p < 0.001). Bacterial communities separated mainly along stage by all four beta diversity metrics used (Bray Curtis, Jaccard, and Weighted and Unweighted UniFrac), with the main difference observed along the primary axis (weighted UniFrac, 48 %). Bacterial phyla were differentially abundant in older soil stages compared to beach (ANCOM-BC, q < 0.05); likewise, differential abundances in genera were evident when burned and unburned sites were compared. A Mantel test indicated stronger congruency between the bacterial communities and soil chemistry than between bacterial communities and vegetation. Collectively, soil chemical and microbial parameters along with management practices contribute to dunal successional patterns in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102611","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Pavlovic, N., and Nakatsu, C.H., 2025, Bacterial community structure across a sand dune chronosequence at the Indiana Dunes National Park: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 51, 102611, 13 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102611.","productDescription":"102611, 13 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-134576","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102611","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":492794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZP9L4P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microbial Communities Across a Successional Gradient at Indiana Dunes National Park, 2015-2017"},{"id":492194,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Porter County","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.0206791368545,\n 41.6839662423055\n ],\n [\n -87.0206791368545,\n 41.66699841410593\n ],\n [\n -86.9869478662839,\n 41.66699841410593\n ],\n [\n -86.9869478662839,\n 41.6839662423055\n ],\n [\n -87.0206791368545,\n 41.6839662423055\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. 0000-0001-5376-597X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-597X","contributorId":241924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":266174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nakatsu, Cindy H 0000-0003-0663-180X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-180X","contributorId":215593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakatsu","given":"Cindy","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70268843,"text":"70268843 - 2025 - Relating surface water dynamics in wetlands and lakes to spatial variability in hydrologic signatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T15:05:18.801102","indexId":"70268843","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-05T08:01:02","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21989,"text":"Wetland Ecology & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating surface water dynamics in wetlands and lakes to spatial variability in hydrologic signatures","docAbstract":"The retention of surface water in wetlands and lakes can modify the timing, duration, and magnitude of river discharge. However, efforts to characterize the influence of surface water on discharge regimes have been generally limited to small, wetland-dense watersheds. We developed random forest models to explain spatial variability in six hydrologic signatures, reflecting flashiness, high, and low flow conditions, at 72 gaged watersheds with variable water storage capacity across the conterminous United States. In addition to variables representing meteorology and landscape characteristics, we also tested the inclusion of surface water dynamics, derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2. Models for all six signatures improved with the addition of catchment characteristics, including surface water dynamics, relative to models with only climate variables. Percent improvement in model adjusted R2, mean square error, and Akaike information criterion ranged from 4.00 to 14.33%, 5.00 to 20.30%, and 2.75–8.14, respectively. Automated variable selection can be indicative of the relative importance of certain variables over others. Using a forward selection process, five of the six signature models selected remotely sensed inundation or wetland variables (p < 0.05). For example, the variable semi-permanent and permanent (SP + P) floodplain inundation (i.e., lakes along rivers) was associated with lower annual flashiness. Further, SP + P non-floodplain waters and geographically isolated wetlands significantly contributed to explaining variability in the low flow signatures. Our findings underscore the capacity of wetlands to stabilize and maintain flows during dry periods. Improved understanding of how surface water dynamics influence hydrologic signatures can inform wetland restoration efforts and facilitate improved resilience to extreme flow conditions.
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Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nieuwlandt, Peter","contributorId":357722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nieuwlandt","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":85541,"text":"Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golden, Heather E.","contributorId":202423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golden","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36429,"text":"USEPA ORD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, Charles R.","contributorId":138991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Charles R.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Jay R.","contributorId":238115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Jay","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":942338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keenan, William 0009-0007-4686-1796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4686-1796","contributorId":357723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keenan","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dolan, Wayana 0000-0001-8405-4302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-4302","contributorId":354442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"Wayana","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70268864,"text":"70268864 - 2025 - Identifying presence or absence of grizzly and polar bear cubs from the movements of adult females with machine learning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T15:32:38.339545","indexId":"70268864","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-04T10:24:18","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying presence or absence of grizzly and polar bear cubs from the movements of adult females with machine learning","docAbstract":"Information on reproductive success is crucial to understanding population dynamics but can be difficult to obtain, particularly for species that birth while denning. For grizzly (Ursus arctos) and polar bears (U. maritimus), den visits are impractical because of safety and logistical considerations. Reproduction is typically documented through direct observation, which can be difficult, costly, and often occurs long after den departure. Reproduction could be documented remotely, however, from post-denning movement data if discernable differences exist between females with and without cubs.
We trained support vector machines (SVMs) with eight variables derived from telemetry data of female grizzly (2000–2022) and polar bears (1985–2016) with or without cubs during seven periods with lengths ranging from 5 to 60 days starting at den departure. We assessed SVM classification accuracy by withholding two samples (one cub-present, one cub-absent), training SVMs with the remaining data, predicting classification of the withheld samples, and repeating this process for each sample combination. Additionally, we evaluated how classification accuracy for grizzly bears was influenced by sample size, length of the post-departure period, and frequency of standardized location estimates.
Accuracy of predicting cub presence or absence was 87% for grizzly bears with only 5 days of post-departure data and increased to a maximum of 92% with 20 days of data. For polar bears, accuracy was 86% at 5 days post-departure and increased to a maximum of 93% at 50 days. Classification accuracy for grizzly bears increased from 76 to 90% when sample size increased from 10 to 30 bears while holding period length constant (30 days) but did not increase at larger sample sizes. When sample size was held constant, increasing the length of the post-departure period did not affect classification accuracy markedly.
Presence or absence of grizzly and polar bear cubs can be identified with high accuracy even when SVM models are trained with limited data. Detecting cub presence or absence remotely could improve estimates of reproductive success and litter survival, enhancing our understanding of factors affecting cub recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s40462-025-00577-y","usgsCitation":"Andersen, E., Clapp, J., Vinks, M., Atwood, T.C., Bjornlie, D., Costello, C., Gustine, D., Haroldson, M.A., Roberts, L.L., Rode, K.D., van Manen, F.T., and Wilson, R.H., 2025, Identifying presence or absence of grizzly and polar bear cubs from the movements of adult females with machine learning: Movement Ecology, v. 13, 48, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-025-00577-y.","productDescription":"48, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171094","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-025-00577-y","text":"Publisher Index 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System","docAbstract":"Research shows that climate change is already affecting both resources and visitors in U.S. National Parks. We sought to better understand if and how park staff across the National Park Service are adapting to climatic changes that affect visitor use, as well as barriers and challenges to adaptation and information needs. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 63 staff from 31 representative national park units across the United States. We qualitatively coded interviews for themes using deductive and inductive coding approaches. Results indicate that park staff are already taking action to adapt to changes that are affecting visitor use, including efforts to increase resiliency of infrastructure and to support the health and safety of visitors (e.g., increased communication, preventative search and rescue, changes to programming). Common barriers and challenges include institutional factors (such as funding, staffing capacity, and shifting priorities), uncertainty about future conditions, and difficulties with prioritizing climate adaptation. Data, tool, and information needs varied, but commonly included social science data such as visitor surveys, and tools to help synthesize and standardize information and help translate science into action. These results provide insights into current actions park staff are taking to adapt to climate change and what resources may be helpful in the future to lower the challenges and barriers to adaptation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126424","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, E.J., Rappaport Keener, S., Carr, W., Winder, S., Reas, J., Daniele, D., and Wood, S., 2025, Adapting visitor use management under a changing climate across the U.S. National Park System: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 391, 126424, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126424.","productDescription":"126424, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178283","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126424","text":"Publisher Index 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half-century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-08T15:11:20.461854","indexId":"70268851","displayToPublicDate":"2025-07-04T08:06:20","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental drivers of productivity explain population patterns of an Arctic-nesting goose across a half-century","docAbstract":"Joint estimation of demographic rates and population size has become an essential tool in ecology because it enables evaluating mechanisms for population change and testing hypotheses about drivers of demography in a single modeling framework. This approach provides a comprehensive perspective on population dynamics and how animal populations will respond to global pressures in future years. However, long-term data for such analyses are often limited in quantity and quality. We developed an integrated population model combining data on demography and population size from nine different sources to understand the population ecology of the lesser snow goose (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) in the Pacific Flyway in North America from 1970 to 2022. We divided the flyway population into Wrangel Island and Western Arctic subpopulations and assessed demographic mechanisms for population change and environmental and anthropogenic drivers that influenced demography. During 1970–2022, the estimated spring population of snow geese in the Pacific Flyway increased from ~300,000 to ~2,300,000. Short-term changes in population growth rate were primarily driven by changes in productivity in the Western Arctic and productivity and immigration in Wrangel Island. Changes in hunting and natural mortality had less influence on short-term but likely contributed to the pronounced long-term population growth. Early snowmelt positively influenced per capita productivity in both regions, and warm, rainy weather during the non-breeding season was associated with high per capita productivity in the Western Arctic. In the Western Arctic, per capita productivity was negatively associated with population size, and adult natural mortality was positively associated with population size, indicating density-dependent regulation in this subpopulation. In Wrangel Island, warm weather in early fall decreased juvenile natural mortality. Our results demonstrate that per capita productivity and immigration, rather than adult survival, were the primary mechanisms of short-term population change in this long-lived species. Our results also indicate that environmental conditions and density-dependent effects can impact population dynamics more than harvest, even for a long-lived, commonly harvested species. We demonstrate that a warming climate can have multiple effects on demography, emphasizing the importance of assessing a variety of spatial and temporal factors when predicting how populations might respond to large-scale environmental changes. This emphasizes the importance of conservation plans that consider these environmental drivers, although this may complicate direct management of such populations.
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