{"pageNumber":"69","pageRowStart":"1700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":70039055,"text":"sim3185 - 2012 - Flood-Inundation Maps for a 1.6-Mile Reach of Salt Creek, Wood Dale, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-18T01:01:44","indexId":"sim3185","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3185","title":"Flood-Inundation Maps for a 1.6-Mile Reach of Salt Creek, Wood Dale, Illinois","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 1.6-mile reach of Salt Creek from upstream of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad to Elizabeth Drive, Wood Dale, Illinois, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the DuPage County Stormwater Management Division. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (gage heights) at the USGS streamgage on Salt Creek at Wood Dale, Illinois (station number 05531175). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?05531175. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional unsteady flow Full EQuations (FEQ) model. The unsteady flow model was verified by comparing the rating curve output for a September 2008 flood event to discharge measurements collected at the Salt Creek at Wood Dale gage. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 14 water-surface profiles for gage heights at 0.5-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from less than bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The areal extent of the inundation was verified with high-water marks from a flood in July 2010 with a peak gage height of 14.08 ft recorded at the Salt Creek at Wood Dale gage. The availability of these maps along with Internet information regarding current gage height from USGS streamgages provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the DuPage County Stormwater Management Division","usgsCitation":"Soong, D., Murphy, E., and Sharpe, J.B., 2012, Flood-Inundation Maps for a 1.6-Mile Reach of Salt Creek, Wood Dale, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3185, v, 8 p.; Downloads Directory; PDF Downloads of Sheets 1-14: 18x 22 inches; ZIP Downloads of All 14 Map Sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3185.","productDescription":"v, 8 p.; Downloads Directory; PDF Downloads of Sheets 1-14: 18x 22 inches; ZIP Downloads of All 14 Map Sheets","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3185.gif"},{"id":258949,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258950,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3185/contents/SIM3185_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"6500","projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Dupage County","city":"Wood Dale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.98444444444445,41.95 ], [ -87.98444444444445,41.967222222222226 ], [ -87.96777777777778,41.967222222222226 ], [ -87.96777777777778,41.95 ], [ -87.98444444444445,41.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1158e4b0c8380cd53f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T.","contributorId":87487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":69660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039043,"text":"sir20125117 - 2012 - Water-quality characteristics and trend analyses for the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins, Wyoming and Montana, for selected periods, water years 1991 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-17T01:01:41","indexId":"sir20125117","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5117","title":"Water-quality characteristics and trend analyses for the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins, Wyoming and Montana, for selected periods, water years 1991 through 2010","docAbstract":"The Powder River structural basin in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana is an area of ongoing coalbed natural gas (CBNG) development. Waters produced during CBNG development are managed with a variety of techniques, including surface impoundments and discharges into stream drainages. The interaction of CBNG-produced waters with the atmosphere and the semiarid soils of the Powder River structural basin can affect water chemistry in several ways. Specific conductance and sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) of CBNG-produced waters that are discharged to streams have been of particular concern because they have the potential to affect the use of the water for irrigation. Water-quality monitoring has been conducted since 2001 at main-stem and tributary sites in the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins in response to concerns about CBNG effects. A study was conducted to summarize characteristics of stream-water quality for water years 2001–10 (October 1, 2000, to September 30, 2010) and examine trends in specific conductance, SAR, and primary constituents that contribute to specific conductance and SAR for changes through time (water years 1991–2010) that may have occurred as a result of CBNG development. Specific conductance and SAR are the focus characteristics of this report. Dissolved calcium, magnesium, and sodium, which are primary contributors to specific conductance and SAR, as well as dissolved alkalinity, chloride, and sulfate, which are other primary contributors to specific conductance, also are described. Stream-water quality in the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins was variable during water years 2001–10, in part because of variations in streamflow. In general, annual runoff was less than average during water years 2001–06 and near or above average during water years 2007–10. Stream water of the Tongue River had the smallest specific conductance values, sodium adsorption ratios, and major ion concentrations of the main-stem streams. Sites in the Tongue River drainage basin typically had the smallest range of specific conductance and SAR values. The water chemistry of sites in the Powder River drainage basin generally was the most variable as a result of diverse characteristics of that basin. Plains tributaries in the Powder River drainage basin had the largest range of specific conductance and SAR values, in part due to the many tributaries that receive CBNG-produced waters. Trends were analyzed using the seasonal Kendall test with flow-adjusted concentrations to determine changes to water quality through time at sites in the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins. Trends were evaluated for water years 2001–10 for 17 sites, which generally were on the main-stem streams and primary tributaries. Trends were evaluated for water years 2005–10 for 26 sites to increase the spatial coverage of sites. Trends were evaluated for water years 1991–2010 for eight sites to include water-quality data collected prior to widespread CBNG development and expand the temporal context of trends. Consistent patterns were not observed in trend results for water years 2001–10 for flow-adjusted specific conductance and SAR values in the Tongue, Powder, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins. Significant (p-values less than 0.05) upward trends in flow-adjusted specific conductance values were determined for 3 sites, a downward trend was determined for 1 site, and no significant (p-value greater than 0.05) trends were determined for 13 sites. One of the sites with a significant upward trend was the Tongue River at the Wyoming-Montana State line. No trend in flow-adjusted specific conductance values was determined for the Powder River at Moorhead, Mont. Significant upward trends in flow-adjusted SAR values were determined for 2 sites and no significant trends were determined for 15 sites. No trends in flow-adjusted SAR values were determined for the Tongue River at the Wyoming-Montana State line or for the Powder River at Moorhead, Mont. One of the sites with a significant upward trend in flow-adjusted SAR values was the Powder River at Arvada, Wyo. For water years 2005–10, significant upward trends in flow-adjusted specific conductance values were determined no significant trends were determined for 13 sites. A significant upward trend was determined for flow-adjusted specific conductance values for the Tongue River at the Wyoming-Montana State line. No trend in flow-adjusted specific conductance values was determined for the Powder River at Moorhead, Mont. Significant upward trends in flow-adjusted SAR values were determined for 4 sites, downward trends were determined for 5 sites, and no significant trend was determined for 17 sites. No trends in flow-adjusted SAR values were determined for the Tongue River at the Wyoming-Montana State line or for the Powder River at Moorhead, Mont. Results of the seasonal Kendall test applied to flow-adjusted specific conductance values for water years 1991–2010 indicated no significant trend for eight sites in the Tongue, Powder, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins. No significant trend in flow-adjusted specific conductance was determined for the Tongue River at the Wyoming-Montana State line or the Powder River at Moorhead, Mont. Results of the seasonal Kendall test applied to flow-adjusted SAR values for water years 1991–2010 indicated an upward trend for one site and no significant trend for four sites in the Powder and Belle Fourche River drainage basins. The significant upward trend in flow-adjusted SAR values was determined for the Powder River at Arvada, Wyo., for water years 1991–2010. Results indicate that CBNG development in the Powder River structural basin may have contributed to some trends, such as the upward trend in flow-adjusted SAR for the Powder River at Arvada, Wyo., for water years 1991–2010. An upward trend in flow-adjusted alkalinity concentrations for water years 2001–10 also was determined for the Powder River at Arvada, Wyo. Trend results are consistent with changes that can occur from the addition of sodium and bicarbonate associated with CBNG-produced waters to the Powder River. Upward trends in constituents at other sites, including the Belle Fourche River, may be the result of declining CBNG development, indicating that CBNG-produced waters may have had a dilution effect on some streams. The factors affecting other trends could not be determined because multiple factors could have been affecting the stream-water quality or because trends were observed at sites upstream from CBNG development that may have affected water-quality trends at sites downstream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Clark, M.L., 2012, Water-quality characteristics and trend analyses for the Tongue, Powder, Cheyenne, and Belle Fourche River drainage basins, Wyoming and Montana, for selected periods, water years 1991 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5117, vii, 70 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125117.","productDescription":"vii, 70 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"82","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5117.gif"},{"id":258922,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5117/sir2012-5117.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258921,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming;Montana","otherGeospatial":"Tongue River Drainage Basin;Powder River Drainage Basin;Cheyenne River Drainage Basin;Belle Fourche River Drainage Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdd8e4b08c986b32e0ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Melanie L. mlclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":1827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Melanie","email":"mlclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039004,"text":"sir20125136 - 2012 - Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the middle Nueces River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:53:15","indexId":"sir20125136","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5136","title":"Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the middle Nueces River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey&mdash;in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe&ndash;Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System&mdash; configured, calibrated, and tested a watershed model for a study area consisting of about 7,726 square miles of the middle Nueces River watershed in south Texas. The purpose of the model is to contribute to the understanding of watershed processes and hydrologic conditions in the middle Nueces River watershed. The model simulates streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge by using a numerical representation of physical characteristics of the landscape and meteorological and streamflow data.</p>\n<p>Model simulations of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge were performed for various periods of record depending upon available gaged data for input and comparison, starting as early as 1961. Because of the large size of the study area, the middle Nueces River watershed was divided into eight subwatersheds, and separate Hydrological Simulation Program&mdash;FORTRAN models were developed for each subwatershed. Simulation of the overall study area involved running simulations in downstream order. Output from the model was summarized by subwatershed, point locations, stream and reservoir reaches, and the Carrizo&ndash; Wilcox aquifer outcrop area. Four long-term U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations were used for streamflow model calibration and testing with data from 1990 to 2008. Monthly evaporation estimates from 2001 to 2008 and waterlevel data from 1961 to 2008 at Lake Corpus Christi also were used for model calibration. Additionally, evapotranspiration data for 2006&ndash;8 from a U.S. Geological Survey meteorological station in Medina County were used for calibration.</p>\n<p>Streamflow calibrations were considered poor to very good. The 2000&ndash;8 calibration results were characterized as good to very good for total flow volumes and for the volume of the highest 10 percent of daily flows. Calibration results for streamflow volumes of the lowest 50 percent of daily flows were considered poor. The daily streamflow calibration at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08210000 Nueces River near Three Rivers, Tex., had the lowest (best) root mean square error, and U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08194500 Nueces River near Tilden, Tex., had the highest root mean square error expressed as a percentage of the mean flow rate. The mean daily reservoir volume during 1961&ndash;2008 was 182,000 acre-feet. Simulated mean daily reservoir volume was within 9 percent of this computed volume.</p>\n<p>Selected results of the model include streamflow yields for the subwatersheds and water-balance information for the Carrizo&ndash;Wilcox aquifer outcrop area. For the entire model domain, the area-weighted mean streamflow yield from 1961 to 2008 was 1.12 inches/year. The mean annual rainfall on the outcrop area during the 1961&ndash;2008 simulation period was 21.7 inches. Of this rainfall, an annual mean of 20.1 inches (about 93 percent) was simulated as evapotranspiration, 1.2 inches (about 6 percent) was simulated as groundwater recharge, and 0.5 inches (about 2 percent) was simulated as surface runoff.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District; City of Corpus Christi; Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority; San Antonio River Authority; and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Dietsch, B.J., and Wehmeyer, L.L., 2012, Simulation of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the middle Nueces River watershed, south Texas, 1961-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5136, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125136.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5136.JPG"},{"id":258871,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5136/pdf/sir2012-5136.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258870,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Nueces River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.5,27.5 ], [ -100.5,30.000833333333333 ], [ -97.5,30.000833333333333 ], [ -97.5,27.5 ], [ -100.5,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9096e4b08c986b3195b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038965,"text":"ofr20121133 - 2012 - An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:44","indexId":"ofr20121133","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1133","title":"An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Santiam River is a tributary of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon and drains an area of 1,810 square miles. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates four dams in the basin, which are used primarily for flood control, hydropower production, recreation, and water-quality improvement. The Detroit and Big Cliff Dams were constructed in 1953 on the North Santiam River. The Green Peter and Foster Dams were completed in 1967 on the South Santiam River. The impacts of the structures have included a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of floods and an increase in low flows. For three North Santiam River reaches, the median of annual 1-day maximum streamflows decreased 42&ndash;50 percent because of regulated streamflow conditions. Likewise, for three reaches in the South Santiam River basin, the median of annual 1-day maximum streamflows decreased 39&ndash;52 percent because of regulation. In contrast to their effect on high flows, the dams increased low flows. The median of annual 7-day minimum flows in six of the seven study reaches increased under regulated streamflow conditions between 60 and 334 percent. On a seasonal basis, median monthly streamflows decreased from February to May and increased from September to January in all the reaches. However, the magnitude of these impacts usually decreased farther downstream from dams because of cumulative inflow from unregulated tributaries and groundwater entering the North, South, and main-stem Santiam Rivers below the dams. A Wilcox rank-sum test of monthly precipitation data from Salem, Oregon, and Waterloo, Oregon, found no significant difference between the pre-and post-dam periods, which suggests that the construction and operation of the dams since the 1950s and 1960s are a primary cause of alterations to the Santiam River basin streamflow regime. In addition to the streamflow analysis, this report provides a geomorphic characterization of the Santiam River basin and the associated conceptual framework for assessing possible geomorphic and ecological changes in response to river-flow modifications. Suggestions for future biomonitoring and investigations are also provided. This study was one in a series of similar tributary streamflow and geomorphic studies conducted for the Willamette Sustainable Rivers Project. The Sustainable Rivers Project is a national effort by the USACE and The Nature Conservancy to develop environmental flow requirements in regulated river systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Wallick, J., Mangano, J.F., and Jones, K.L., 2012, An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1133, vi, 66 p.; Appendices; ZIP Downloads of Appendices A and C; XLSX Download of Appendix D, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121133.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.; Appendices; ZIP Downloads of Appendices A and C; XLSX Download of Appendix D","startPage":"i","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1133.jpg"},{"id":258272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258273,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1133/pdf/ofr20121133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Santiam River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea3ee4b0c8380cd4871d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038894,"text":"sir20125088 - 2012 - Flow-adjusted trends in dissolved selenium load and concentration in the Gunnison and Colorado Rivers near Grand Junction, Colorado, water years 1986--2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:09","indexId":"sir20125088","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5088","title":"Flow-adjusted trends in dissolved selenium load and concentration in the Gunnison and Colorado Rivers near Grand Junction, Colorado, water years 1986--2008","docAbstract":"As a result of elevated selenium concentrations, many western Colorado rivers and streams are on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2010 Colorado 303(d) list, including the main stem of the Colorado River from the Gunnison River confluence to the Utah border. Selenium is a trace metal that bioaccumulates in aquatic food chains and can cause reproductive failure, deformities, and other adverse impacts in birds and fish, including several threatened and endangered fish species. Salinity in the upper Colorado River has been the focus of source-control efforts for many years. Although salinity loads and concentrations have been previously characterized at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations at the Gunnison River near Grand Junction, Colo., and at the Colorado River near the Colorado-Utah State line, trends in selenium load and concentration at these two stations have not been studied. The USGS, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Water Conservation District, evaluated dissolved selenium (herein referred to as \"selenium\") load and concentration trends at these two sites to inform decision makers on the status and trends of selenium. This report presents results of the evaluation of trends in selenium load and concentration for two USGS streamflow-gaging stations: the Gunnison River near Grand Junction, Colo. (\"Gunnison River site\"), USGS site 09152500, and the Colorado River near Colorado-Utah State line (\"Colorado River site\"), USGS site 09163500. Flow-adjusted selenium loads were estimated for the beginning water year (WY) of the study, 1986, and the ending WY of the study, 2008. The difference between flow-adjusted selenium loads for WY 1986 and WY 2008 was selected as the method of analysis because flow adjustment removes the natural variations in load caused by changes in mean-daily streamflow, emphasizing human-caused changes in selenium load and concentration. Overall changes in human-caused effects in selenium loads and concentrations during the period of study are of primary interest to the cooperators. Selenium loads for each of the 2 water years were calculated by using normalized mean-daily streamflow, measured selenium concentration, standard linear regression techniques, and data previously collected at the two study sites. Mean-daily streamflow was normalized for each site by averaging the daily streamflow for each day of the year over the 23-year period of record. Thus, for the beginning and ending water years, estimations could be made of loads that would have occurred without the effect of year-to-year streamflow variation. The loads thus calculated are illustrative of the change in loads between water years 1986 and 2008, and are not the actual loads that occurred in those 2 water years. The estimated 50th and 85th percentile selenium concentrations associated with the selenium loads were also calculated for WY 1986 and WY 2008 at each site. Time-trends in selenium concentration at the two sites were charted by using regression techniques for partial residuals for the entire study period (WY 1986 through WY 2008). Annual selenium load for the Gunnison River site was estimated to be 23,196 pounds for WY 1986 and 16,560 pounds for WY 2008, a 28.6 percent decrease. Lower and upper 95-percent confidence levels for WY 1986 annual load were 22,360 and 24,032 pounds. Lower and upper 95-percent confidence levels for WY 2008 annual load were 15,724 and 17,396 pounds. Estimated 50th percentile daily selenium concentrations decreased from 6.41 to 4.57 micrograms/liter from WY 1986 to WY 2008, whereas estimated 85th percentile daily selenium concentrations decreased from 7.21 to 5.13 micrograms/liter from WY 1986 to WY 2008. Annual selenium load for the Colorado River site was estimated to be 56,587 pounds for WY 1986 and 34,344 pounds for WY 2008, a 39.3 percent decrease. Lower and upper 95-percent confidence levels for WY 1986 annual load were 53,785 and 59,390 pounds. Lower and upper 95-percent confidence levels for WY 2008 annual load were 31,542 and 37,147 pounds. Estimated 50th percentile daily selenium concentrations decreased from 6.44 to 3.86 micrograms/liter from WY 1986 to WY 2008, whereas estimated 85th percentile daily selenium concentrations decreased from 7.94 to 4.72 micrograms/liter from WY 1986 to WY 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Mayo, J.W., and Leib, K.J., 2012, Flow-adjusted trends in dissolved selenium load and concentration in the Gunnison and Colorado Rivers near Grand Junction, Colorado, water years 1986--2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5088, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125088.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1985-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5088.gif"},{"id":258120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5088/SIR12-5088.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Grand Junction","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River;Colorado River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a125ae4b0c8380cd54290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, John W. jwmayo@usgs.gov","contributorId":993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"John","email":"jwmayo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038872,"text":"sir20125124 - 2012 - A conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and groundwater-flow system of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:57:40","indexId":"sir20125124","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5124","title":"A conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and groundwater-flow system of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>A conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and groundwater-flow system of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers, which include the Pecos Valley, Igneous, Dockum, Rustler, and Capitan Reef aquifers, was developed as the second phase of a groundwater availability study in the Pecos County region in west Texas. The first phase of the study was to collect and compile groundwater, surface-water, water-quality, geophysical, and geologic data in the area. The third phase of the study involves a numerical groundwater-flow model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in order to simulate groundwater conditions based on various groundwater-withdrawal scenarios. Resource managers plan to use the results of the study to establish management strategies for the groundwater system. The hydrogeologic framework is composed of the hydrostratigraphy, structural features, and hydraulic properties of the groundwater system. Well and geophysical logs were interpreted to define the top and base surfaces of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer units. Elevations of the top and base of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer generally decrease from the southwestern part of the study area to the northeast. The thicknesses of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer units were calculated using the interpolated top and base surfaces of the hydrostratigraphic units. Some of the thinnest sections of the aquifer were in the eastern part of the study area and some of the thickest sections were in the Pecos, Monument Draw, and Belding-Coyanosa trough areas. Normal-fault zones, which formed as growth and collapse features as sediments were deposited along the margins of more resistant rocks and as overlying sediments collapsed into the voids created by the dissolution of Permian-age evaporite deposits, were delineated based on the interpretation of hydrostratigraphic cross sections. The lowest aquifer transmissivity values were measured in the eastern part of the study area; the highest transmissivity values were measured in a faulted area of the Monument Draw trough. Hydraulic conductivity values generally exhibited the same trends as the transmissivity values. Groundwater-quality data and groundwater-level data were used in context with the hydrogeologic framework to assess the chemical characteristics of water from different sources, regional groundwater-flow paths, recharge sources, the mixing of water from different sources, and discharge in the study area. Groundwater-level altitudes generally decrease from southwest to northeast and regional groundwater flow is from areas of recharge south and west to the north and northeast. Four principal sources of recharge to the Edwards-Trinity aquifer were identified: (1) regional flow that originated as recharge northwest of the study area, (2) runoff from the Barilla, Davis, and Glass Mountains, (3) return flow from irrigation, and (4) upwelling from deeper aquifers. Results indicated Edwards-Trinity aquifer water in the study area was dominated by mineralized, regional groundwater flow that most likely recharged during the cooler, wetter climates of the Pleistocene with variable contributions of recent, local recharge. Groundwater generally flows into the down-dip extent of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer where it discharges into overlying or underlying aquifer units, discharges from springs, discharges to the Pecos River, follows a regional flow path east out of the study area, or is withdrawn by groundwater wells. Structural features such as mountains, troughs, and faults play a substantial role in the distribution of recharge, local and regional groundwater flow, spring discharge, and aquifer interaction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Pecos Groundwater Conservation District, Pecos County, City of Fort Stockton, Brewster County, and Pecos County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1","usgsCitation":"Bumgarner, J.R., Stanton, G.P., Teeple, A., Thomas, J.V., Houston, N.A., Payne, J., and Musgrove, M., 2012, A conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, and groundwater-flow system of the Edwards-Trinity and related aquifers in the Pecos County region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5124, vii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125124.","productDescription":"vii, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5124.bmp"},{"id":258079,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5124/pdf/SIR12-5124.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Pecos County, Reeves County","city":"Balmorhea, Belding, Fort Stockton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,30.25 ], [ -104,31.5 ], [ -102,31.5 ], [ -102,30.25 ], [ -104,30.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e394e4b0c8380cd460ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, Gregory P. 0000-0001-8622-0933 gstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-0933","contributorId":1583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Gregory","email":"gstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew   0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew  ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713 jvthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":2194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Payne, Jason  0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70038886,"text":"sir20125086 - 2012 - Seasonal patterns in nutrients, carbon, and algal responses in wadeable streams within three geographically distinct areas of the United States, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:08","indexId":"sir20125086","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5086","title":"Seasonal patterns in nutrients, carbon, and algal responses in wadeable streams within three geographically distinct areas of the United States, 2007-08","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey determined seasonal variability in nutrients, carbon, and algal biomass in 22 wadeable streams over a 1-year period during 2007 or 2008 within three geographically distinct areas in the United States. The three areas are the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMIS) in Minnesota, the Ozark Plateaus (ORZK) in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas, and the Upper Snake River Basin (USNK) in southern Idaho. Seasonal patterns in some constituent concentrations and algal responses were distinct. Nitrate concentrations were greatest during the winter in all study areas potentially because of a reduction in denitrification rates and algal uptake during the winter, along with reduced surface runoff. Decreases in nitrate concentrations during the spring and summer at most stream sites coincided with increased streamflow during the snowmelt runoff or spring storms indicating dilution. The continued decrease in nitrate concentrations during summer potentially is because of a reduction in nitrate inputs (from decreased surface runoff) or increases in biological uptake. In contrast to nitrate concentrations, ammonia concentrations varied among study areas. Ammonia concentration trends were similar at UMIS and USNK sampling sites with winter peak concentrations and rapid decreases in ammonia concentrations by spring or early summer. In contrast, ammonia concentrations at OZRK sampling sites were more variable with peak concentrations later in the year. Ammonia may accumulate in stream water in the winter under ice and snow cover at the UMIS and USNK sites because of limited algal metabolism and increased mineralization of decaying organic matter under reducing conditions within stream bottom sediments. Phosphorus concentration patterns and the type of phosphorus present changes with changing hydrologic conditions and seasons and varied among study areas. Orthophosphate concentrations tended to be greater in the summer at UMIS sites, whereas total phosphorus concentrations at most UMIS and USNK sites peaked in the spring during runoff and then decreased through the remainder of the sampling period. Total phosphorus and orthophosphate concentrations in OZRK streams peaked during summer indicating a runoff-based source of both nutrients. Orthophosphate concentrations may increase in streams in the late summer when surface runoff composes less of total streamflow, and when groundwater containing orthophosphate becomes a more dominant source in streams during lower flows. Seston chlorophyll a concentrations were greatest early in the growing season (spring), whereas the spring runoff events coincided with reductions in benthic algal chlorophyll a biomass likely because of scour of benthic algae from the channel bottom that are entrained in the water column during that period. Nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate concentrations also decreased during that same period, indicating dilution in the spring during runoff events. The data from this study indicate that the source of water (surface runoff or groundwater) to a stream and the intensity of major runoff events are important factors controlling instream concentrations. Biological processes appear to affect nutrient concentrations during more stable lower flow periods in later summer, fall, and winter when residence time of water in a channel is longer, which allows more time for biological uptake and transformations. Management of nutrient conditions in streams is challenging and requires an understanding of multiple factors that affect in-stream nutrient concentrations and biological uptake and growth.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125086","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Lorenz, D.L., Petersen, J., and Greene, J.B., 2012, Seasonal patterns in nutrients, carbon, and algal responses in wadeable streams within three geographically distinct areas of the United States, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5086, ix, 45 p.; Tables: 8 pgs. 48-55, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125086.","productDescription":"ix, 45 p.; Tables: 8 pgs. 48-55","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5086.gif"},{"id":258097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5086/sir12-5086.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88cce4b08c986b316b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, John B. jgreene@usgs.gov","contributorId":4646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"John","email":"jgreene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038867,"text":"sir20125085 - 2012 - Sources of suspended sediment in the Waikele watershed, O&#699;ahu, Hawai&#699;i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-29T01:01:57","indexId":"sir20125085","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5085","title":"Sources of suspended sediment in the Waikele watershed, O&#699;ahu, Hawai&#699;i","docAbstract":"Data from streamflow/sediment gages and measurements of changes in channel-bed sediment storage were gathered between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2010, to assess the sources of suspended sediment in the Waikele watershed, O&#699;ahu, Hawai&#699;i. Streamflow from the watershed averaged 33 cubic feet per second during the study period, with interannual variations corresponding with variations in the frequency and magnitude of storm-flow peaks. Average streamflow during the study period was lower than the long-term average, but the study period included a storm on December 11, 2008, that caused record-high streamflows in parts of the watershed. Suspended-sediment yield from the Waikele watershed during the study period averaged 82,500 tons per year, which is 2.7 times higher than the long-term average. More than 90 percent of the yield during the study period was discharged during the December 11, 2008, storm. The study-period results are consistent with long-term records that show that the vast majority of suspended-sediment transport occurs during a few large storms. Results of this study also show that all but a small percentage of the suspended-sediment yield came from hillslopes. Only a small fraction of bed sediments is fine enough to be transported as suspended load; most bed sediments in the watershed are coarse. Silt and clay constitute less than 3 percent of the bed-sediment volume on average. Some larger clasts, however, can disintegrate during transport and contribute to the suspended load downstream. During the study period, suspended-sediment yield from the urbanized Mililani subbasin averaged 25 tons per year per square mile (tons/yr/mi<sup>2</sup>), which was much smaller than the yield from any other subbasin; these results indicate that urban land use yields much less sediment than other land uses. The wet, forested Kipapa subbasin had an average normalized hillslope suspended-sediment yield of 386 tons/yr/mi<sup>2</sup>; the average yield for forested areas in the watershed may be lower. Suspended-sediment yield from agricultural land use in the watershed is estimated to range between 5,590 and 6,440 tons/yr/mi<sup>2</sup> during the study period; the long-term average is estimated to be 2,070 to 2,390 tons/yr/mi<sup>2</sup>. Of the three land uses considered, agriculture had by far the highest normalized suspended-sediment yield during this study - about an order of magnitude higher than forests and two orders of magnitude higher than urban areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City and County of Honolulu Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Izuka, S.K., 2012, Sources of suspended sediment in the Waikele watershed, O&#699;ahu, Hawai&#699;i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5085, x, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125085.","productDescription":"x, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5085.gif"},{"id":258064,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 4","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"OʻAhu;Waikele Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.33333333333334,21.2 ], [ -158.33333333333334,21.75 ], [ -157.61666666666667,21.75 ], [ -157.61666666666667,21.2 ], [ -158.33333333333334,21.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9393e4b08c986b31a586","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izuka, Scot K. 0000-0002-8758-9414 skizuka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-9414","contributorId":2645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"Scot","email":"skizuka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038860,"text":"tm6A41 - 2012 - User guide for MODPATH version 6—A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-10T18:48:21.353885","indexId":"tm6A41","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A41","title":"User guide for MODPATH version 6—A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW","docAbstract":"MODPATH is a particle-tracking post-processing model that computes three-dimensional flow paths using output from groundwater flow simulations based on MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) finite-difference groundwater flow model. This report documents MODPATH version 6. Previous versions were documented in USGS Open-File Reports 89-381 and 94-464. The program uses a semianalytical particle-tracking scheme that allows an analytical expression of a particle's flow path to be obtained within each finite-difference grid cell. A particle's path is computed by tracking the particle from one cell to the next until it reaches a boundary, an internal sink/source, or satisfies another termination criterion. Data input to MODPATH consists of a combination of MODFLOW input data files, MODFLOW head and flow output files, and other input files specific to MODPATH. Output from MODPATH consists of several output files, including a number of particle coordinate output files intended to serve as input data for other programs that process, analyze, and display the results in various ways. MODPATH is written in FORTRAN and can be compiled by any FORTRAN compiler that fully supports FORTRAN-2003 or by most commercially available FORTRAN-95 compilers that support the major FORTRAN-2003 language extensions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A41","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 2012, User guide for MODPATH version 6—A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A41, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A41.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6-a41.jpg"},{"id":258067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6a41/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfbfe4b08c986b329d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038861,"text":"ofr20121132 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70038861,"text":"ofr20121132 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","indexId":"ofr20121132","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70039814,"text":"sir20125161 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","indexId":"sir20125161","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70039814,"text":"sir20125161 - 2012 - Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","indexId":"sir20125161","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:33:45","indexId":"ofr20121132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1132","title":"Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"A numerical transient model of the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida was developed to (1) increase the understanding of water exchanges between the surficial and the Floridan aquifer systems, (2) assess the recharge rates to the surficial aquifer system from infiltration through the unsaturated zone and (3) obtain a simulation tool that could be used by water-resource managers to assess the impact of changes in groundwater withdrawals on spring flows and on the potentiometric surfaces of the hydrogeologic units composing the Floridan aquifer system. The hydrogeology of east-central Florida was evaluated and used to develop and calibrate the groundwater flow model, which simulates the regional fresh groundwater flow system. The U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional groundwater flow model, MODFLOW-2005, was used to simulate transient groundwater flow in the surficial, intermediate, and Floridan aquifer systems from 1995 to 2006. The east-central Florida transient model encompasses an actively simulated area of about 9,000 square miles. Although the model includes surficial processes-rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, lake water levels, and stream water levels and flows-its primary purpose is to characterize and refine the understanding of groundwater flow in the Floridan aquifer system. Model-independent estimates of the partitioning of rainfall into evapotranspiration, streamflow, and aquifer recharge are provided from a water-budget analysis of the surficial aquifer system. The interaction of the groundwater flow system with the surface environment was simulated using the Green-Ampt infiltration method and the MODFLOW-2005 Unsaturated-Zone Flow, Lake, and Streamflow-Routing Packages. The model is intended to simulate the part of the groundwater system that contains freshwater. The bottom and lateral boundaries of the model were established at the estimated depths where the chloride concentration is 5,000 milligrams per liter in the Floridan aquifer system. Potential flow across the interface represented by this chloride concentration is simulated by the General Head Boundary Package. During 1995 through 2006, there were no major groundwater withdrawals near the freshwater and saline-water interface, making the general head boundary a suitable feature to estimate flow through the interface. The east-central Florida transient model was calibrated using the inverse parameter estimation code, PEST. Steady-state models for 1999 and 2003 were developed to estimate hydraulic conductivity (K) using average annual heads and spring flows as observations. The spatial variation of K was represented using zones of constant values in some layers, and pilot points in other layers. Estimated K values were within one order of magnitude of aquifer performance test data. A simulation of the final two years (2005-2006) of the 12-year model, with the K estimates from the steady-state calibration, was used to guide the estimation of specific yield and specific storage values. The final model yielded head and spring-flow residuals that met the calibration criteria for the 12-year transient simulation. The overall mean residual for heads, defining residual as simulated minus measured value, was -0.04 foot. The overall root-mean square residual for heads was less than 3.6 feet for each year in the 1995 to 2006 simulation period. The overall mean residual for spring flows was -0.3 cubic foot per second. The spatial distribution of head residuals was generally random, with some minor indications of bias. Simulated average evapotranspiration (ET) over the 1995 to 2006 period was 34.5 inches per year, compared to the calculated average ET rate of 36.6 inches per year from the model-independent water-budget analysis. Simulated average net recharge to the surficial aquifer system was 3.6 inches per year, compared with the calculated average of 3.2 inches per year from the model-independent waterbudget analysis. Groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system averaged about 800 million gallons per day, which is equivalent to about 2 inches per year over the model area and slightly more than half of the simulated average net recharge to the surficial aquifer system over the same period. Annual net simulated recharge rates to the surficial aquifer system were less than the total groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system only during the below-average rainfall years of 2000 and 2006.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., Tiedeman, C.R., O’Reilly, A.M., Davis, J., and Burger, P., 2012, Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1132, xiv, 226 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121132.","productDescription":"xiv, 226 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1132.jpg"},{"id":258054,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projector, Zone 17","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard;Hardee;Highlands;Indian River;Lake;Marion;Okeechobee;Orange;Osceola;Polk;Seminole;Volusia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,27.5 ], [ -82,29.166666666666668 ], [ -80.5,29.166666666666668 ], [ -80.5,27.5 ], [ -82,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da0e4b0c8380cd5bf64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Jeffery B.","contributorId":44032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jeffery B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burger, Patrick","contributorId":90976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038851,"text":"sir20125093 - 2012 - Nutrient and suspended-sediment trends, loads, and yields and development of an indicator of streamwater quality at nontidal sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1985-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:10:44.893465","indexId":"sir20125093","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5093","title":"Nutrient and suspended-sediment trends, loads, and yields and development of an indicator of streamwater quality at nontidal sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1985-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) updates information on loads of, and trends in, nutrients and sediment annually to help the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) investigators assess progress toward improving water-quality conditions in the Chesapeake Bay and its watershed. CBP scientists and managers have worked since 1983 to improve water quality in the bay. In 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) established a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for the Chesapeake Bay. The TMDL specifies nutrient and sediment load allocations that need to be achieved in the watershed to improve dissolved oxygen, water-clarity, and chlorophyll conditions in the bay. The USEPA, USGS, and state and local jurisdictions in the watershed operate a CBP nontidal water-quality monitoring network and associated database that are used to update load and trend information to help assess progress toward reducing nutrient and sediment inputs to the bay. Data collected from the CBP nontidal network were used to estimate loads and trends for two time periods: a long-term period (1985-2010) at 31 \"primary\" sites (with storm sampling) and a 10-year period (2001-10) at 33 primary sites and 16 \"secondary\" sites (without storm sampling). In addition, loads at 64 primary sites were estimated for the period 2006 to 2010. Results indicate improving flow-adjusted trends for nitrogen and phosphorus for 1985 to 2010 at most of the sites in the network. For nitrogen, 21 of the 31 sites showed downward (improving) trends, whereas 2 sites showed upward (degrading) trends, and 8 sites showed no trends. The results for phosphorus were similar: 22 sites showed improving trends, 4 sites showed degrading trends, and 5 sites indicated no trends. For sediment, no trend was found at 40 percent of the sites, with 10 sites showing improving trends and 8 sites showing degrading trends. The USGS, working with CBP partners, developed a new water-quality indicator that combines the results of the 10-year trend analysis with results from a greater number of sites (64 primary sites) where loads and yields of total nitrogen and phosphorus and sediment could be calculated. The new indicator shows fewer significant trends for the 10-year time period than for the long-term time period (1985-2010). For 2001-10, total nitrogen trends were downward (improving) at 14 sites and upward (degrading) at 2 sites; no trend was found at 17 sites. For total phosphorus, 12 sites showed improving trends, 4 sites showed degrading trends, and 17 sites showed no trend. For total sediment, most sites (21) did not exhibit a significant trend; 3 sites showed improving trends, and 10 sites showed degrading trends. Few significant trends were seen at the 16 secondary sites: improving trends for total nitrogen at 4 sites, improving trends for total phosphorus at 2 sites, and a degrading trend for sediment at 1 site. Total streamflow to the Chesapeake Bay was 20 percent higher in 2010 than in 2009 and is considered to be within the normal range of flow, whereas annual streamflow at 28 sites was greater in 2010 than in 2009. No trends in daily streamflow were detected at the 31 long-term sites. Combined loads for the farthest downstream nontidal monitoring sites (called \"River Input Monitoring sites\") increased 33 percent for total nitrogen, 120 percent for total phosphorus, and 330 percent for total sediment from 2009 to 2010. The large increase in phosphorus and sediment loads in 2010 was caused in large part by two large storm events that occurred during the spring in the Potomac River Basin. Yields (load per watershed area) of total nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay watershed decreased from north to south (New York to Virginia). No spatial patterns were discernible for total phosphorus or sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125093","usgsCitation":"Langland, M., Blomquist, J., Moyer, D., and Hyer, K., 2012, Nutrient and suspended-sediment trends, loads, and yields and development of an indicator of streamwater quality at nontidal sites in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1985-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5093, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125093.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5093.png"},{"id":258010,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Michael","contributorId":79609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel","contributorId":56325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas","contributorId":41276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth","contributorId":23005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038856,"text":"fs20123086 - 2012 - Science implementation of Forecast Mekong for food and environmental security","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-28T01:01:38","indexId":"fs20123086","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3086","title":"Science implementation of Forecast Mekong for food and environmental security","docAbstract":"Forecast Mekong is a significant international thrust under the Delta Research and Global Observation Network (DRAGON) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and was launched in 2009 by the U.S. Department of State and the Foreign Ministers of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam under U.S. Department of State Secretary Hillary R. Clinton's Lower Mekong Initiative to enhance U.S. engagement with countries of the Lower Mekong River Basin in the areas of environment, health, education, and infrastructure. Since 2009, the USGS has worked closely with the U.S. Department of State; personnel from Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam; nongovernmental organizations; and academia to collect and use research and data from the Lower Mekong River Basin to provide hands-on results that will help decisionmakers in future planning and design for restoration, conservation, and management efforts in the Lower Mekong River Basin. In 2012 Forecast Mekong is highlighting the increasing cooperation between the United States and Lower Mekong River Basin countries in the areas of food and environmental security. Under the DRAGON, Forecast Mekong continues work in interactive data integration, modeling, and visualization system by initiating three-dimensional bathymetry and river flow data along with a pilot study of fish distribution, population, and migratory patterns in the Lower Mekong River Basin. When fully developed by the USGS, in partnership with local governments and universities throughout the Mekong River region, Forecast Mekong will provide valuable planning tools to visualize the consequences of climate change and river management.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123086","usgsCitation":"Turnipseed, D.P., 2012, Science implementation of Forecast Mekong for food and environmental security: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3086, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123086.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258017,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3086/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3086.bmp"}],"country":"Cambodia;Laos;Thailand;Vietnam","city":"Phnom Penh","otherGeospatial":"Mekong River;TonléSap River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8773e4b08c986b3164b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038846,"text":"sir20115114 - 2012 - Nutrient concentrations and loads in the northeastern United States - Status and trends, 1975-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:53:32","indexId":"sir20115114","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5114","title":"Nutrient concentrations and loads in the northeastern United States - Status and trends, 1975-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) began regional studies in 2003 to synthesize information on nutrient concentrations, trends, stream loads, and sources. In the northeastern United States, a study area that extends from Maine to central Virginia, nutrient data were evaluated for 130 USGS water-quality monitoring stations. Nutrient data were analyzed for trends in flow-adjusted concentrations, modeled instream (non-flow-adjusted) concentrations, and stream loads for 32 stations with 22 to 29 years of water-quality and daily mean streamflow record during 1975-2003 (termed the long-term period), and for 46 stations during 1993-2003 (termed the recent period), by using a coupled statistical model of streamflow and water quality developed by the USGS. Recent trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of one or more nutrients also were analyzed for 90 stations by using Tobit regression. Annual stream nutrient loads were estimated, and annual nutrient yields were calculated, for 47 stations for the long-term and recent periods, and for 37 additional stations that did not have a complete streamflow and water-quality record for 1993-2003. Nutrient yield information was incorporated for 9 drainage basins evaluated in a national NAWQA study, for a total of 93 stations evaluated for nutrient yields. Long-term downward trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus (18 and 19 of 32 stations, respectively) indicate regional improvements in nutrient-related water-quality conditions. Most of the recent trends detected for total phosphorus were upward (17 of 83 stations), indicating possible reversals to the long-term improvements. Concentrations of nutrients in many streams persist at levels that are likely to affect aquatic habitat adversely and promote freshwater or coastal eutrophication. Recent trends for modeled instream concentrations, and modeled reference concentrations, were evaluated relative to ecoregion-based nutrient criteria proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Instream concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus persist at levels higher than proposed criteria at more than one-third and about one-half, respectively, of the 46 stations analyzed. Long-term trends in nutrient loads were primarily downward, with downward trends in total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads detected at 12 and 17 of 32 stations, respectively. Upward trends were rare, with one upward trend for total nitrogen loads and none for total phosphorus. Trends in loads of nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen included 7 upward and 8 downward trends among 32 stations. Downward trends in loads of ammonia nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were detected at all six stations evaluated. Long-term downward trends detected in four of the five largest drainage basins evaluated include: total nitrogen loads for the Connecticut, Delaware, and James Rivers; total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen loads for the Susquehanna River; ammonia nitrogen and nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen loads for the James River; and total phosphorus loads for the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers. No trends in load were detected for the Potomac River. Nutrient yields were evaluated relative to the extent of land development in 93 drainage basins. The undeveloped land-use category included forested drainage basins with undeveloped land ranging from 75 to 100 percent of basin area. Median total nitrogen yields for the 27 undeveloped drainage basins evaluated, including 9 basins evaluated in a national NAWQA study, ranged from 290 to 4,800 pounds per square mile per year (lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr). Total nitrogen yields even in the most pristine drainage basins may be elevated relative to natural conditions, because of high rates of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in parts of the northeastern United States. Median total phosphorus yields ranged from 12 to 330 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr for the 26 undeveloped basins evaluated. The undeveloped category includes some large drainage basins with point-source discharges and small percentages of developed land; in these basins, streamflow from undeveloped headwater areas dilutes streamflow in more urbanized reaches, and dampens but does not eliminate the point-source \"signal\" of higher nutrient loads. Median total nitrogen yields generally do not exceed 1,700 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr, and median total phosphorus yields generally do not exceed 100 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr, in the drainage basins that are least affected by human land-use and waste-disposal practices. Agricultural and urban land use has increased nutrient yields substantially relative to undeveloped drainage basins. Median total nitrogen yields for 24 agricultural basins ranged from 1,700 to 26,000 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr, and median total phosphorus yields ranged from 94 to 1,000 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr. The maximum estimated total nitrogen and total phosphorus yields, 32,000 and 16,000 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr, respectively, for all stations in the region were in small (less than 50 square miles (mi<sup>2</sup>)) agricultural drainage basins. Median total nitrogen yields ranged from 1,400 to 17,000 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr in 26 urbanized drainage basins, and median total phosphorus yields ranged from 43 to 1,900 lb/mi<sup>2</sup>/yr. Urbanized drainage basins with the highest nutrient yields are generally small (less than 300 mi2) and are drained by streams that receive major point-source discharges. Instream nutrient loads were evaluated relative to loads from point-source discharges in four drainage basins: the Quinebaug River Basin in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island; the Raritan River Basin in New Jersey; the Patuxent River Basin in Maryland; and the James River Basin in Virginia. Long-term downward trends in nutrient loads, coupled with similar trends in flow-adjusted nutrient concentrations, indicate long-term reductions in the delivery of most nutrients to these streams. However, the absence of recent downward trends in load for most nutrients, coupled with instream concentrations that exceed proposed nutrient criteria in several of these waste-receiving streams, indicates that challenges remain in reducing delivery of nutrients to streams from point sources. During dry years, the total nutrient load from point sources in some of the drainage basins approached or equaled the nutrient load transported by the stream.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115114","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Trench, E.C., Moore, R.B., Ahearn, E.A., Mullaney, J.R., Hickman, R.E., and Schwarz, G., 2012, Nutrient concentrations and loads in the northeastern United States - Status and trends, 1975-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5114, xi, 134 p.; Tables: pgs. 135-148; Appendices: pgs. 149-169; Excel Tables 1-10; Excel Tables 11-27; Appendix index page with contents and file downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115114.","productDescription":"xi, 134 p.; Tables: pgs. 135-148; Appendices: pgs. 149-169; Excel Tables 1-10; Excel Tables 11-27; Appendix index page with contents and file downloads","temporalStart":"1975-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5114.jpg"},{"id":258009,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"1990 Albers Equal-Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut;Delaware;Maine;Maryl;Massachusetts;New Hampshire;New Jersey;New York;Pennsylvania;Rhode Island;Vermont;Virginia;Washington D.C.;West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82,36 ], [ -82,48 ], [ -66,48 ], [ -66,36 ], [ -82,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a697be4b0c8380cd73d48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trench, Elaine C. Todd etrench@usgs.gov","contributorId":4557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trench","given":"Elaine","email":"etrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Richard B. rmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":1464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"rmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahearn, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-5633-2640 eaahearn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-2640","contributorId":194658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahearn","given":"Elizabeth","email":"eaahearn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullaney, John R. 0000-0003-4936-5046 jmullane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-5046","contributorId":1957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullaney","given":"John","email":"jmullane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038825,"text":"sim3189 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, Atlanta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T12:38:52","indexId":"sim3189","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3189","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, Atlanta, Georgia","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 5.5-mile reach of the Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Atlanta, Georgia. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Peachtree Creek at Atlanta, Georgia (02336300) and the USGS streamgage at Chattahoochee River at Georgia 280, near Atlanta, Georgia (02336490). Current water level (stage) at these USGS streamgages may be obtained at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ and can be used in conjunction with these maps to estimate near real-time areas of inundation. The National Weather Service (NWS) is incorporating results from this study into the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that commonly are collocated at USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information for the USGS streamgage at Peachtree Creek, which is available through the AHPS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. A one-dimensional step-backwater model was developed using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC&ndash;RAS software for a 6.5-mile reach of Peachtree Creek and was used to compute flood profiles for a 5.5-mile reach of the creek. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Peachtree Creek at Atlanta, Georgia, streamgage (02336300), and the Chattahoochee River at Georgia 280, near Atlanta, Georgia, streamgage (02336490) as well as high water marks collected during the 2010 annual peak flow event. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 50 water-surface profiles. The profiles are for 10 flood stages at the Peachtree Creek streamgage at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from just above bankfull stage (15.0 feet) to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage (24.0 feet). At each stage on Peachtree Creek, five stages at the Chattahoochee River streamgage, from 26.4 feet to 38.4 feet in 3-foot intervals, were used to determine backwater effects. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model&mdash;derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.3-foot vertical and 16.4-foot horizontal resolution&mdash;to delineate the area flooded for each 1-foot increment of stream stage. The availability of these maps, when combined with real-time information regarding current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures as well as for postflood-recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Atlanta, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Musser, J.W., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for Peachtree Creek from the Norfolk Southern Railway bridge to the Moores Mill Road NW bridge, Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3189, v [vi], 9 p.; PDF and JPG Downloads of Sheets 1-50: 35.00 x 24.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3189.","productDescription":"v [vi], 9 p.; PDF and JPG Downloads of Sheets 1-50: 35.00 x 24.00 inches; Downloads Directory","startPage":"i","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3189.png"},{"id":257877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","otherGeospatial":"Peachtree Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.45,33.800555555555555 ], [ -84.45,33.81777777777778 ], [ -84.36694444444444,33.81777777777778 ], [ -84.36694444444444,33.800555555555555 ], [ -84.45,33.800555555555555 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1165e4b0c8380cd53f9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musser, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-3543-0807 jwmusser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3543-0807","contributorId":2266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musser","given":"Jonathan","email":"jwmusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038696,"text":"ofr20101253 - 2012 - Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"ofr20101253","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1253","title":"Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined a contaminated section of the Palos Verdes shelf in southern California as a Superfund site, initiating a continuing investigation of this area. A number of agencies, including the EPA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), conducted two oceanographic measurement programs in 2004 and 2007-2008 (SAIC, 2004, 2005; Rosenberger and others, 2010; Sherwood and others, unpublished data) to improve our understanding of the natural processes that resuspend and transport sediment in the area, especially in the region southeast of the Whites Point ocean outfall where earlier measurements were thought to be deficient. Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) deployed a simpler but much broader array of instruments on the Palos Verdes shelf and within the northern reaches of San Pedro Bay from 2000 to 2008 in order to characterize the current and temperature patterns within these regions. This program overlapped the two programs run by USGS and other agencies in 2004 and 2007. The LACSD data were made available to the USGS and the EPA in order to support their joint efforts to model the transport of the contaminated sediments in the region. This report describes the LACSD data sets, the instruments and data-processing procedures used, and the archive that contains the data sets that have passed our quality-assurance procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101253","usgsCitation":"Anderson, T., Rosenberger, K., and Gartner, A.L., 2012, Reformatted data sets used in the Cooperative LACSD/USGS Palos Verdes Flow Study, 2000--2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1253, iv, 24 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101253.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1253.gif"},{"id":257540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1253/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1253/of2010-1253.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Shelf;San Pedro Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a447e4b0e8fec6cdbb05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Todd","contributorId":19017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J.","contributorId":12934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Anne L.","contributorId":32620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038671,"text":"sir20115182 - 2012 - Hydrogeology, water chemistry, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2007-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-13T01:01:48","indexId":"sir20115182","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5182","title":"Hydrogeology, water chemistry, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2007-9","docAbstract":"The National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) of the U.S. Geological Survey began a series of groundwater studies in 2001 in representative aquifers across the Nation in order to increase understanding of the factors that affect transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells. One of 10 regional-scale TANC studies was conducted in the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB) in New Mexico, where a more detailed local-scale study subsequently investigated the hydrogeology, water chemistry, and factors affecting the transport of contaminants in the zone of contribution of one 363-meter (m) deep public-supply well in Albuquerque. During 2007 through 2009, samples were collected for the local-scale study from 22 monitoring wells and 3 public-supply (supply) wells for analysis of major and trace elements, arsenic speciation, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dissolved gases, stable isotopes, and tracers of young and old water. To study groundwater chemistry and ages at various depths within the aquifer, the monitoring wells were divided into three categories: (1) each shallow well was screened across the water table or had a screen midpoint within 18.3 m of the water level in the well; (2) each intermediate well had a screen midpoint between about 27.1 and 79.6 m below the water level in the well; and (3) each deep well had a screen midpoint about 185 m or more below the water level in the well. The 24-square-kilometer study area surrounding the \"studied supply well\" (SSW), one of the three supply wells, consists of primarily urban land within the MRGB, a deep alluvial basin with an aquifer composed of unconsolidated to moderately consolidated deposits of sand, gravel, silt, and clay. Conditions generally are unconfined, but are semiconfined at depth. Groundwater withdrawals for public supply have substantially changed the primary direction of flow from northeast to southwest under predevelopment conditions, to west to east under modern conditions. Analysis of age tracers indicates that groundwater from most sampled wells is dominated by old (pre-1950) water, ranging in mean age from about 4,000 years to more than 22,000 years, but includes a fraction of young (post-1950) recharge. Patterns in chemical and isotopic data are consistent with the conclusions that shallow groundwater in the area typically includes a fraction that evaporated prior to recharge and (or) flushed accumulated solutes out of the unsaturated zone during recharge, and that shallow groundwater has mixed to deeper parts of the aquifer, which receives recharge mainly by seepage from the Rio Grande. Among shallow and intermediate wells that produced water with a fraction of young recharge, that fraction ranged between 1.5 and 46 percent. Samples from the two deep wells had groundwater ages exceeding 18,000 years, with no fraction of young recharge. Two supply wells (including the SSW) had a fraction of young recharge, which ranged between about 3 and 11 percent, despite mean groundwater ages exceeding 10,000 years. The fraction of young recharge to the SSW varied seasonally, probably because seasonal pumping patterns affected local hydraulic gradients and (or) because of flow through the well bore when the SSW is not pumping. Well-bore flow data collected during winter (low-pumping season) indicated that about 61 percent of the water pumped from the SSW entered the well from the intermediate part of the aquifer, and that the remaining 39 percent entered from the deep part of the aquifer. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in samples from most shallow and intermediate monitoring wells and from two of three supply wells, including the SSW. Detected VOCs were primarily chlorinated solvents or their degradation products. Many of the wells in which most of these VOCs were detected are located near known sites of solvent contamination that were targeted for sampling because trichloroethylene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene had been detected in the SSW, and several of these wells may have become contaminated at least partly because of enhanced vertical migration associated with the pumping of and (or) direct migration down deep well bores. Except for TCE in the sample from a shallow monitoring well, all detections of VOCs were at concentrations below Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of all VOCs detected in the supply wells were less than one-tenth of the corresponding MCLs. However, the presence of VOCs in all but deep groundwater, including the detection of chloroform (a chlorination byproduct) in several shallow wells, indicates that groundwater in the study area commonly is affected by human activities, even to substantial depths. The only natural contaminant detected at concentrations near or above its MCL was arsenic, which has been detected at elevated concentrations across broad areas of the MRGB. Concentrations of arsenic, present primarily as arsenate, exceeded the MCL of 10 micrograms per liter (&mu;g/L) in water from the two deep wells (one of which had the highest concentration, 35 &mu;g/L), from one intermediate well, and from two supply wells, including the SSW. Water-quality and solid-phase data from this study are consistent with elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater being related to pH-dependent desorption of arsenic from ferric oxyhydroxides in sediments in deep parts of the aquifer. Concentrations of nitrate ranged between 1.3 and 5.4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from shallow wells screened across the water table, but were less than 0.9 mg/L in water from all but one deeper well. Nitrogen isotopes and chloride/bromide ratios for shallow wells were consistent with natural soil nitrogen. Nitrate concentrations and nitrogen isotopes indicated that denitrification is occurring at intermediate aquifer depths, and that the progress of the denitrification reaction typically is greatest for wells that include a fraction of groundwater associated with particular recharge sources or with known sites of contamination contributing organic compounds that can provide a carbon source for microbial respiration. Overall, hydrologic and chemical data from the study area indicate that young recharge is reaching the aquifer across broad areas and is migrating from shallow to intermediate depths of the aquifer as a result of mixing that is associated with human development of groundwater. Consequently, groundwater that human activities in the urban study area have affected is present at depths that are within the screened intervals of public-supply wells, resulting in detections of VOCs and implying greater vulnerability to anthropogenic contamination than might be assumed based on the dominantly old age of the regional groundwater. However, the fractions of old groundwater that public-supply wells produce substantially dilute the anthropogenic contaminants, while contributing natural contaminants (primarily arsenic) to the wells. Based on data from the SSW, vulnerability of public-supply wells to natural and anthropogenic contaminants in the area changes through time, including with seasonal changes in pumping stresses that alter the fractions of young and old water being contributed to wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115182","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, L.M., Jurgens, B., Crilley, D.M., and Christenson, S.C., 2012, Hydrogeology, water chemistry, and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public-supply well in Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2007-9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5182, xi, 109 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115182.","productDescription":"xi, 109 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5182.gif"},{"id":257478,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo;Cibola;Sandoval;Santa Fe;Socorro;Torrance;Valencia","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.41666666666667,34.25 ], [ -107.41666666666667,35.75 ], [ -106.08333333333333,35.75 ], [ -106.08333333333333,34.25 ], [ -107.41666666666667,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a34e8e4b0c8380cd5fb11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crilley, Dianna M. 0000-0003-0432-5948 dcrilley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-5948","contributorId":3896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crilley","given":"Dianna","email":"dcrilley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038674,"text":"pp1791 - 2012 - The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century; centennial perspectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:49:18","indexId":"pp1791","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1791","title":"The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century; centennial perspectives","docAbstract":"The explosive outburst at Novarupta (Alaska) in June 1912 was the 20th century's most voluminous volcanic eruption. Marking its centennial, we illustrate and document the complex eruptive sequence, which was long misattributed to nearby Mount Katmai, and how its deposits have provided key insights about volcanic and magmatic processes. It was one of the few historical eruptions to produce a collapsed caldera, voluminous high-silica rhyolite, wide compositional zonation (51-78 percent SiO<sub>2</sub>), banded pumice, welded tuff, and an aerosol/dust veil that depressed global temperature measurably. It emplaced a series of ash flows that filled what became the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, sustaining high-temperature metal-transporting fumaroles for a decade. Three explosive episodes spanned ~60 hours, depositing ~17 km<sup>3</sup> of fallout and 11&plusmn;2 km<sup>3</sup> of ignimbrite, together representing ~13.5 km<sup>3</sup> of zoned magma. No observers were nearby and no aircraft were in Alaska, and so the eruption narrative was assembled from scattered villages and ship reports. Because volcanology was in its infancy and the early investigations (1915-23) were conducted under arduous expeditionary conditions, many provocative misapprehensions attended reports based on those studies. Fieldwork at Katmai was not resumed until 1953, but, since then, global advances in physical volcanology and chemical petrology have gone hand in hand with studies of the 1912 deposits, clarifying the sequence of events and processes and turning the eruption into one of the best studied in the world. To provide perspective on this century-long evolution, we describe the geologic and geographic setting of the eruption - in a remote, sparsely inhabited wilderness; we review the cultural and scientific contexts at the time of the eruption and early expeditions; and we compile a chronology of the many Katmai investigations since 1912. Products of the eruption are described in detail, including eight layers of regionwide fallout, nine packages of ash flows, and three lava domes that followed the explosive pyroclastic episodes. Changes in the proportions of coerupting rhyolite, dacite, and andesite pumice documented for the fallout and ash-flow successions, which are locally interbedded, permit close correlation of those synchronously emplaced sequences and their varied facies. Petrological correlation of the sequence of deposits near Novarupta with ash layers at Kodiak village, 170 km downwind, where three episodes of ashfall were recorded (to the hour), provides key constraints on timing of the eruptive events. Syneruptive collapse of a kilometer-deep caldera took place atop Mount Katmai, a stratovolcano centered 10 km east of the eruption site at Novarupta, owing to drainage of magma from beneath the Katmai edifice. Correlation of ~50 earthquakes recorded at distant seismic stations (including 14 shocks of magnitude 6.0 to 7.0) to fitful caldera collapse provides further constraints on eruption timing, because layers of nonjuvenile breccia and mud ejected from Mount Katmai during collapse pulses are intercalated with the pumice-fall layers from Novarupta. Structure of the Novarupta vent, a 2-km-wide depression backfilled by welded tuff and inferred to be funnel-shaped at depth, is described in detail, as is the 4-km-wide caldera at Mount Katmai. Discussions are also provided concerning: (1) the impact on global climate of the great mass of sulfur-poor but halogen-rich aerosol ejected into the atmosphere by the rhyolite-dominated eruption; (2) chemical and mineralogical effects of the fumarolic acid gases; and (3) the timing of several syneruptive landslide deposits sandwiched within the pumice-fall sequence. Secondary posteruption phenomena characterized include impounded lakes, ash-rich debris flows, phreatic craters on the ignimbrite sheet, responses of glaciers to the fallout blanket and to beheading by caldera collapse, growth of new glaciers inside the caldera, and gradual filling of the caldera lake. Structure, composition, and ages of the several andesite-dacite stratovolcanoes, closely clustered near Novarupta, all of which remain fumarolically and seismically active, are summarized. But among them only Mount Katmai extends compositionally to include basalt and rhyolite. The petrological affinities of 1912 magmas erupted at Novarupta with pre-1912 Katmai lavas are outlined, and various chemical, mineralogical, isotopic, and experimental data are assembled to construct a model of preeruptive magma storage beneath Mount Katmai. The monograph concludes by comparing the 1912 eruption with several other well-studied large explosive eruptions, 14 of them historical and 9 prehistoric. Finally, we retrospectively review the historical difficulties in understanding what had actually taken place at Katmai in 1912 and the century of progress in volcano science that has allowed most of it to be figured out.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1791","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Fierstein, J., 2012, The Novarupta-Katmai eruption of 1912 - largest eruption of the twentieth century; centennial perspectives: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1791, xiv, 244 p.; Appendices; E-Book Version, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1791.","productDescription":"xiv, 244 p.; Appendices; E-Book Version","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1791.gif"},{"id":257479,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1791/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada","state":"Alaska;British Columbia;Washington;Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta Volcano;Mount Katmai","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170,40 ], [ -170,75 ], [ -110,75 ], [ -110,40 ], [ -170,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba861e4b08c986b321bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judy","contributorId":88337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038653,"text":"ofr20121080 - 2012 - Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T22:03:18.851877","indexId":"ofr20121080","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1080","title":"Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California","docAbstract":"A magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas was created as part of a cooperative research and development agreement with the Pacific Gas and Electric Company and is intended to promote further understanding of the areal geology and structure by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, mineral and water resource investigations, and other topical studies. Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on magnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals can be related to either lithologic or structural boundaries. Magnetic susceptibility measurements from the area indicate that bodies of serpentinite and other mafic and ultramafic rocks tend to produce the most intense magnetic anomalies, but such generalizations must be applied with caution because some sedimentary units also can produce measurable magnetic anomalies. Remanent magnetization does not appear to be a significant source for magnetic anomalies because it is an order of magnitude less than the induced magnetization. The map is a mosaic of three separate surveys collected by (1) fixed-wing aircraft at a nominal height of 305 m, (2) by boat with the sensor at sea level, and (3) by helicopter. The helicopter survey was flown by New-Sense Geophysics in October 2009 along flight lines spaced 150-m apart and at a nominal terrain clearance of 50 to 100 m. Tie lines were flown 1,500-m apart. Data were adjusted for lag error and diurnal field variations. Further processing included microleveling using the tie lines and subtraction of the reference field defined by International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 2005 extrapolated to August 1, 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121080","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Watt, J., and Denton, K., 2012, Magnetic map of the Irish Hills and surrounding areas, San Luis Obispo County, central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1080, Map: 47.61 inches x 38.44 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata Folder; GIS Database ZIP, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121080.","productDescription":"Map: 47.61 inches x 38.44 inches; Readme TXT; Metadata Folder; GIS Database ZIP","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1080.jpg"},{"id":257423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Luis Obispo","otherGeospatial":"Irish Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.95083333333334,35.08416666666667 ], [ -120.95083333333334,35.284166666666664 ], [ -120.70083333333334,35.284166666666664 ], [ -120.70083333333334,35.08416666666667 ], [ -120.95083333333334,35.08416666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b72e4b0c8380cd69554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, J. T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":86052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denton, K.M.","contributorId":102736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038661,"text":"sir20115219 - 2012 - Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:50","indexId":"sir20115219","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5219","title":"Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska","docAbstract":"Airborne geophysical surveys of selected areas of the North and South Platte River valleys of Nebraska, including Lodgepole Creek valley, collected data to map aquifers and bedrock topography and thus improve the understanding of groundwater - surface-water relationships to be used in water-management decisions. Frequency-domain helicopter electromagnetic surveys, using a unique survey flight-line design, collected resistivity data that can be related to lithologic information for refinement of groundwater model inputs. To make the geophysical data useful to multidimensional groundwater models, numerical inversion converted measured data into a depth-dependent subsurface resistivity model. The inverted resistivity model, along with sensitivity analyses and test-hole information, is used to identify hydrogeologic features such as bedrock highs and paleochannels, to improve estimates of groundwater storage. The two- and three-dimensional interpretations provide the groundwater modeler with a high-resolution hydrogeologic framework and a quantitative estimate of framework uncertainty. The new hydrogeologic frameworks improve understanding of the flow-path orientation by refining the location of paleochannels and associated base of aquifer highs. These interpretations provide resource managers high-resolution hydrogeologic frameworks and quantitative estimates of framework uncertainty. The improved base of aquifer configuration represents the hydrogeology at a level of detail not achievable with previously available data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, the South Platte Natural Resources District, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., Bedrosian, P.A., Johnson, M., Ball, L.B., and Sibray, S.S., 2012, Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5219, v, 30 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115219.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5219.gif"},{"id":257464,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5219/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River;Lodgepole Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.5,39.5 ], [ -104.5,44 ], [ -95,44 ], [ -95,39.5 ], [ -104.5,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e920e4b0c8380cd480f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Michaela R. 0000-0001-6133-0247 mrjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-0247","contributorId":1013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michaela R.","email":"mrjohns@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sibray, Steven S.","contributorId":88589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038639,"text":"fs20123054 - 2012 - Demonstrating usefulness of real-time monitoring at streambank wells coupled with active streamgages - Pilot studies in Wyoming, Montana, and Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-09T01:01:37","indexId":"fs20123054","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3054","title":"Demonstrating usefulness of real-time monitoring at streambank wells coupled with active streamgages - Pilot studies in Wyoming, Montana, and Mississippi","docAbstract":"Groundwater and surface water in many cases are considered separate resources, but there is growing recognition of a need to treat them as a single resource. For example, groundwater inflow during low streamflow is vitally important to the health of a stream for many reasons, including buffering temperature, providing good quality water to the stream, and maintaining flow for aquatic organisms. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has measured stream stage and flow at thousands of locations since 1889 and has the ability to distribute the information to the public within hours of collection, but collecting shallow groundwater data at co-located measuring sites is a new concept. Recently developed techniques using heat as a tracer to quantify groundwater and surface-water exchanges have shown the value of coupling these resources to increase the understanding of the water resources of an area. In 2009, the USGS Office of Groundwater began a pilot study to examine the feasibility and utility of widespread use of real-time groundwater monitoring at streambank wells coupled with real-time surface-water monitoring at active streamgages to assist in understanding the exchange of groundwater and surface water in a cost effective manner.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA.","doi":"10.3133/fs20123054","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., Constantz, J., Wheeler, J.D., Caldwell, R.R., and Barlow, J.R., 2012, Demonstrating usefulness of real-time monitoring at streambank wells coupled with active streamgages - Pilot studies in Wyoming, Montana, and Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3054, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123054.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3054.gif"},{"id":257336,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi;Montana;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.05,30.216666666666665 ], [ -111.05,49 ], [ -88.11666666666666,49 ], [ -88.11666666666666,30.216666666666665 ], [ -111.05,30.216666666666665 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe8ee4b0c8380cd4edb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R.B.","contributorId":33965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038648,"text":"sir20125075 - 2012 - Relations between precipitation, groundwater withdrawals, and changes in hydrologic conditions at selected monitoring sites in Volusia County, Florida, 1995--2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-09T01:01:37","indexId":"sir20125075","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5075","title":"Relations between precipitation, groundwater withdrawals, and changes in hydrologic conditions at selected monitoring sites in Volusia County, Florida, 1995--2010","docAbstract":"A study to examine the influences of climatic and anthropogenic stressors on groundwater levels, lake stages, and surface-water discharge at selected sites in northern Volusia County, Florida, was conducted in 2009 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Water-level data collected at 20 monitoring sites (17 groundwater and 3 lake sites) in the vicinity of a wetland area were analyzed with multiple linear regression to examine the relative influences of precipitation and groundwater withdrawals on changes in groundwater levels and lake stage. Analyses were conducted across varying periods of record between 1995 and 2010 and included the effects of groundwater withdrawals aggregated from municipal water-supply wells located within 12 miles of the project sites. Surface-water discharge data at the U.S. Geological Survey Tiger Bay canal site were analyzed for changes in flow between 1978 and 2001. As expected, water-level changes in monitoring wells located closer to areas of concentrated groundwater withdrawals were more highly correlated with withdrawals than were water-level changes measured in wells further removed from municipal well fields. Similarly, water-level changes in wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer, the source of municipal supply, were more highly correlated with groundwater withdrawals than were water-level changes in wells tapping the shallower surficial aquifer system. Water-level changes predicted by the regression models over precipitation-averaged periods of record were underestimated for observations having large positive monthly changes (generally greater than 1.0 foot). Such observations are associated with high precipitation and were identified as points in the regression analyses that produced large standardized residuals and/or observations of high influence. Thus, regression models produced by multiple linear regression analyses may have better predictive capability in wetland environments when applied to periods of average or below average precipitation conditions than during wetter than average conditions. For precipitation-averaged hydrologic conditions, water-level changes in the surficial aquifer system were statistically correlated solely with precipitation or were more highly correlated with precipitation than with groundwater withdrawals. Changes in Upper Floridan aquifer water levels and in water-surface stage (stage) at Indian and Scoggin Lakes tended to be highly correlated with both precipitation and withdrawals. The greater influence of withdrawals on stage changes, relative to changes in nearby surficial aquifer system water levels, indicates that these karstic lakes may be better connected hydraulically with the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer than is the surficial aquifer system at the other monitoring sites. At most sites, and for both aquifers, the 2-month moving average of precipitation or groundwater withdrawals included as an explanatory variable in the regression models indicates that water-level changes are not only influenced by stressor conditions across the current month, but also by those of the previous month. The relations between changes in water levels, precipitation, and groundwater withdrawals varied seasonally and in response to a period of drought. Water-level changes tended to be most highly correlated with withdrawals during the spring, when relatively large increases contributed to water-level declines, and during the fall when reduced withdrawal rates contributed to water-level recovery. Water-level changes tended to be most highly (or solely) correlated with precipitation in the winter, when withdrawals are minimal, and in the summer when precipitation is greatest. Water-level changes measured during the drought of October 2005 to June 2008 tended to be more highly correlated with groundwater withdrawals at Upper Floridan aquifer sites than at surficial aquifer system sites, results that were similar to those for precipitation-averaged conditions. Also, changes in stage at Indian and Scoggin Lakes were highly correlated with precipitation and groundwater withdrawals during the drought. Groundwater-withdrawal rates during the drought were, on average, greater than those for precipitation-averaged conditions. Accounting only for withdrawals aggregated from pumping wells located within varying radial distances of less than 12 miles of each site produced essentially the same relation between water-level changes and groundwater withdrawals as that determined for withdrawals aggregated within 12 miles of the site. Similarly, increases in withdrawals aggregated over distances of 1 to 12 miles of the sites had little effect on adjusted R-squared values. Analyses of streamflow measurements collected between 1978 and 2001 at the U.S. Geological Survey Tiger Bay canal site indicate that significant changes occurred during base-flow conditions during that period. Hypothesis and trend testing, together with analyses of flow duration, the number of zero-flow days, and double-mass curves indicate that, after 1988, when a municipal well field began production, base flow was statistically lower than the period before 1988. This decrease in base flow could not be explained by variations in precipitation between these two periods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Murray, L.C., 2012, Relations between precipitation, groundwater withdrawals, and changes in hydrologic conditions at selected monitoring sites in Volusia County, Florida, 1995--2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5075, vi, 43 p.; XLS Download of Appendices 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125075.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.; XLS Download of Appendices 1-18","startPage":"i","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257387,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257388,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5075/pdf/2012-5075.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5075.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Volusia County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6fde4b0e8fec6cdc326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Louis C. Jr.","contributorId":19980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038644,"text":"sir20115198 - 2012 - Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:57:41","indexId":"sir20115198","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5198","title":"Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis","docAbstract":"This study by the U.S. Geological Survey, prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, quantifies the components of the hydrologic cycle across the Commonwealth of Virginia. Long-term, mean fluxes were calculated for precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, total evapotranspiration (ET), riparian ET, recharge, base flow (or groundwater discharge) and net total outflow. Fluxes of these components were first estimated on a number of real-time-gaged watersheds across Virginia. Specific conductance was used to distinguish and separate surface runoff from base flow. Specific-conductance data were collected every 15 minutes at 75 real-time gages for approximately 18 months between March 2007 and August 2008. Precipitation was estimated for 1971&ndash;2000 using PRISM climate data. Precipitation and temperature from the PRISM data were used to develop a regression-based relation to estimate total ET. The proportion of watershed precipitation that becomes surface runoff was related to physiographic province and rock type in a runoff regression equation. Component flux estimates from the watersheds were transferred to flux estimates for counties and independent cities using the ET and runoff regression equations. Only 48 of the 75 watersheds yielded sufficient data, and data from these 48 were used in the final runoff regression equation. The base-flow proportion for the 48 watersheds averaged 72 percent using specific conductance, a value that was substantially higher than the 61 percent average calculated using a graphical-separation technique (the USGS program PART). Final results for the study are presented as component flux estimates for all counties and independent cities in Virginia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115198","collaboration":"Prepared with support from the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., Nelms, D.L., Pope, J.P., and Selnick, D.L., 2012, Quantifying components of the hydrologic cycle in Virginia using chemical hydrograph separation and multiple regression analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5198, xi, 78 p.; PDF Download of Appendix 1; PDF Download of Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115198.","productDescription":"xi, 78 p.; PDF Download of Appendix 1; PDF Download of Appendix 2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5198.jpg"},{"id":257373,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5198/pdf/2011-5198.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257372,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.61666666666666,36.516666666666666 ], [ -83.61666666666666,39.61666666666667 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.61666666666667 ], [ -75.21666666666667,36.516666666666666 ], [ -83.61666666666666,36.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91c4e4b0c8380cd80447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pope, Jason P. 0000-0003-3199-993X jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selnick, David L.","contributorId":13480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selnick","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038452,"text":"ofr20121066 - 2012 - Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T13:22:13","indexId":"ofr20121066","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1066","title":"Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1>\n<p>This report expands the Water Science Strategy that was begun in the USGS Science Strategy, &ldquo;Facing Tomorrow&rsquo;s Challenges&mdash;U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007&ndash;2017&rdquo; (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007). The report looks at the relevant issues facing society and develops a strategy built around observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science for the next 5 to 10 years by building new capabilities, tools, and delivery systems to meet the Nation&rsquo;s water-resource needs. This report begins by presenting the vision of water science for the USGS and the societal issues that are influenced by, and in turn influence, the water resources of our Nation. The essence of the Water Strategic Science Plan is built on the concept of &ldquo;water availability,&rdquo; defined&nbsp;<i>as spatial and temporal distribution of water quantity and quality, as related to human and ecosystem needs, as affected by human and natural influences</i>. The report also describes the core capabilities of the USGS in water science&mdash;the strengths, partnerships, and science integrity that the USGS has built over its 130-year history.</p>\n<p>Nine priority actions are presented in the report, which combine and elevate the numerous specific strategic actions listed throughout the report. Priority actions were developed as a means of providing the audience of this report with a list for focused attention, even if resources and time limit the ability of managers to address all of the strategic actions in the report. Priority actions focus on the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Improve integrated science planning for water.&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span>Expand and enhance water-resource monitoring networks.</span></li>\n<li><span>Characterize the water cycle through development of state-of-the-art 3-D/4-D hydrogeologic framework models at multiple scales.&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span>Clarify the linkage between human water use (engineered hydrology) and the water cycle (natural hydrology).</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"indent0\">Advance ecological flow science.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"indent0\">Provide flood-inundation science and information.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"indent0\">Develop rapid deployment teams for water-related emergencies.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span class=\"indent0\">Conduct integrated watershed assessment, research, and modeling.</span><span>&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span>Deliver water data and analyses to the Nation.</span></li>\n</ul>\n<p>The body of the report is presented as a hierarchal set of 5 goals, 14 objectives, and 27 strategic actions that the USGS should undertake to advance water science through year 2022.&nbsp;<br />The goals deal with:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><span>Providing society the information it needs regarding the amount and quality of water in all components of the water cycle at high temporal and spatial resolution, nationwide;&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span>Advancing our understanding of processes that determine water availability;&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span>Predicting changes in the quantity and quality of water resources in response to changing climate, population, land use, and management scenarios;</span></li>\n<li><span>Anticipating and responding to water-related emergencies and conflicts; and&nbsp;</span></li>\n<li><span>Delivering timely hydrologic data, analyses, and decision-support tools seamlessly across the Nation to support water-resource decisions.</span></li>\n</ol>\n<p>Scientific information produced on water resources would be without value if it were not communicated to society in a fashion that can inform decisions and actions. Therefore, the chapter following the goals describes how the USGS should inform, involve, and educate society about the science it produces. This includes discussions on local outreach and the use of social media for effective communication.</p>\n<p>This report concludes with a chapter devoted to the crosscutting science issues of the Water Mission Area with the other USGS Mission Areas: Climate and Land Use Change, Core Science Systems, Ecosystems, Energy and Minerals, Environmental Health Science, and Natural Hazards. Not one of these Mission Areas stands alone&mdash;all must work together and integrate their actions to fulfill the USGS science mission for the future. This final chapter identifies the important linkages that must be realized and maintained for this integration to occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121066","usgsCitation":"Evenson, E.J., Orndorff, R.C., Blome, C.D., Böhlke, J., Hershberger, P., Langenheim, V., McCabe, G., Morlock, S.E., Reeves, H.W., Verdin, J.P., Weyers, H., and Wood, T.M., 2012, Strategic directions for U.S. Geological Survey water science, 2012-2022 - Observing, understanding, predicting, and delivering water science to the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1066, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121066.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1066.gif"},{"id":338629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1066/of2012-1066.pdf"},{"id":257126,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1066/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98a3e4b08c986b31c0e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evenson, Eric J. eevenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Eric","email":"eevenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Böhlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":22843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"John Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul K. phershberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul K.","email":"phershberger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weyers, Holly S. hsweyers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weyers","given":"Holly S.","email":"hsweyers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70038450,"text":"sir20125026 - 2012 - Dam-breach analysis and flood-inundation mapping for Lakes Ellsworth and Lawtonka near Lawton, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-20T12:07:36.292534","indexId":"sir20125026","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5026","title":"Dam-breach analysis and flood-inundation mapping for Lakes Ellsworth and Lawtonka near Lawton, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Dams provide beneficial functions such as flood control, recreation, and reliable water supplies, but they also entail risk: dam breaches and resultant floods can cause substantial property damage and loss of life. The State of Oklahoma requires each owner of a high-hazard dam, which the Federal Emergency Management Agency defines as dams for which failure or misoperation probably will cause loss of human life, to develop an emergency action plan specific to that dam. Components of an emergency action plan are to simulate a flood resulting from a possible dam breach and map the resulting downstream flood-inundation areas. The resulting flood-inundation maps can provide valuable information to city officials, emergency managers, and local residents for planning the emergency response if a dam breach occurs. Accurate topographic data are vital for developing flood-inundation maps. This report presents results of a cooperative study by the city of Lawton, Oklahoma, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to model dam-breach scenarios at Lakes Ellsworth and Lawtonka near Lawton and to map the potential flood-inundation areas of such dam breaches. To assist the city of Lawton with completion of the emergency action plans for Lakes Ellsworth and Lawtonka Dams, the USGS collected light detection and ranging (lidar) data that were used to develop a high-resolution digital elevation model and a 1-foot contour elevation map for the flood plains downstream from Lakes Ellsworth and Lawtonka. This digital elevation model and field measurements, streamflow-gaging station data (USGS streamflow-gaging station 07311000, East Cache Creek near Walters, Okla.), and hydraulic values were used as inputs for the dynamic (unsteady-flow) model, Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The modeled flood elevations were exported to a geographic information system to produce flood-inundation maps. Water-surface profiles were developed for a 75-percent probable maximum flood scenario and a sunny-day dam-breach scenario, as well as for maximum flood-inundation elevations and flood-wave arrival times for selected bridge crossings. Some areas of concern near the city of Lawton, if a dam breach occurs at Lakes Ellsworth or Lawtonka, include water treatment plants, wastewater treatment plants, recreational areas, and community-services offices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Lawton","usgsCitation":"Rendon, S.H., Ashworth, C., and Smith, S.J., 2012, Dam-breach analysis and flood-inundation mapping for Lakes Ellsworth and Lawtonka near Lawton, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5026, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125026.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5026.bmp"},{"id":257119,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Oklahoma State Plane South Projection","datum":"North American Datum, 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Comanche County","city":"Lawton","otherGeospatial":"Ellsworth Lake, Lawtonka Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.6,34.3 ], [ -98.6,34.93333333333333 ], [ -98.2,34.93333333333333 ], [ -98.2,34.3 ], [ -98.6,34.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd5de4b0c8380cd4e7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rendon, Samuel H. 0000-0001-5589-0563 srendon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-0563","contributorId":3940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendon","given":"Samuel","email":"srendon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashworth, Chad E.","contributorId":62449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashworth","given":"Chad E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038442,"text":"ofr20121101 - 2012 - Dissolved oxygen analysis, TMDL model comparison, and particulate matter shunting&mdash;Preliminary results from three model scenarios for the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-01T01:01:40","indexId":"ofr20121101","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1101","title":"Dissolved oxygen analysis, TMDL model comparison, and particulate matter shunting&mdash;Preliminary results from three model scenarios for the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon","docAbstract":"Efforts are underway to identify actions that would improve water quality in the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Upper Klamath River in south-central Oregon. To provide further insight into water-quality improvement options, three scenarios were developed, run, and analyzed using previously calibrated CE-QUAL-W2 hydrodynamic and water-quality models. Additional scenarios are under development as part of this ongoing study. Most of these scenarios evaluate changes relative to a \"current conditions\" model, but in some cases a \"natural conditions\" model was used that simulated the reach without the effect of point and nonpoint sources and set Upper Klamath Lake at its Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) targets. These scenarios were simulated using a model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Watercourse Engineering, Inc. for the years 2006&ndash;09, referred to here as the \"USGS model.\" Another model of the reach was developed by Tetra Tech, Inc. for years 2000 and 2002 to support the Klamath River TMDL process; that model is referred to here as the \"TMDL model.\" The three scenarios described in this report included (1) an analysis of whether this reach of the Upper Klamath River would be in compliance with dissolved oxygen standards if sources met TMDL allocations, (2) an application of more recent datasets to the TMDL model with comparison to results from the USGS model, and (3) an examination of the effect on dissolved oxygen in the Klamath River if particulate material were stopped from entering Klamath Project diversion canals. Updates and modifications to the USGS model are in progress, so in the future these scenarios will be reanalyzed with the updated model and the interim results presented here will be superseded. Significant findings from this phase of the investigation include: * The TMDL analysis used depth-averaged dissolved oxygen concentrations from model output for comparison with dissolved oxygen standards. The Oregon dissolved oxygen standards do not specify whether the numeric criteria are based on depth-averaged dissolved oxygen concentration; this was an interpretation of the standards rule by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ). In this study, both depth-averaged and volume-averaged dissolved oxygen concentrations were calculated from model output. Results showed that modeled depth-averaged concentrations typically were lower than volume-averaged dissolved oxygen concentrations because depth-averaging gives a higher weight to small volume areas near the channel bottom that often have lower dissolved oxygen concentrations. Results from model scenarios in this study are reported using volume-averaged dissolved oxygen concentrations. * Under all scenarios analyzed, violations of the dissolved oxygen standard occurred most often in summer. Of the three dissolved oxygen criteria that must be met, the 30-day standard was violated most frequently. Under the base case (current conditions), fewer violations occurred in the upstream part of the reach. More violations occurred in the down-stream direction, due in part to oxygen demand from the decay of algae and organic matter from Link River and other inflows. * A condition in which Upper Klamath Lake and its Link River outflow achieved Upper Klamath Lake TMDL water-quality targets was most effective in reducing the number of violations of the dissolved oxygen standard in the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River. The condition in which point and nonpoint sources within the Link River to Keno Dam reach met Klamath River TMDL allocations had no effect on dissolved oxygen compliance in some locations and a small effect in others under current conditions. On the other hand, meeting TMDL allocations for nonpoint and point sources was predicted to be important in meeting dissolved oxygen criteria when Upper Klamath Lake and Link River also met Upper Klamath TMDL water-quality targets. * The location of greatest dissolved oxygen improvement from nutrient and organic matter reductions was downstream from point and nonpoint source inflows because time and distance are required for decay to occur and for oxygen demand to be exerted. * After assessing compliance with dissolved oxygen standards at all 102 model segments in the Link River to Keno Dam reach, it was determined that the seven locations used by ODEQ appear to be a representative subset of the reach for dissolved oxygen analysis. * The USGS and TMDL models were qualitatively compared by running both models for the 2006&ndash;09 period but preserving the essential characteristics of each, such as organic matter partitioning, bathymetric representation, and parameter rates. The analysis revealed that some constituents were not greatly affected by the differing algorithms, rates, and assumptions in the two models. Conversely, other constituents, especially organic matter, were simulated differently by the two models. Organic matter in this river system is best represented by a mixture of relatively labile particulate material and a substantial concentration of refractory dissolved material. In addition, the use of a first-order sediment oxygen demand, as in the USGS model, helps to capture the seasonal and dynamic effect of settled organic and algal material. * Simulation of shunting (diverting) particulate material away from the intake of four Klamath Project diversion canals, so that the material stayed in the river and out of the Project area, caused higher concentrations of particulate material to occur in the river. In all cases modeled, the increase in in-river particulate material also produced decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations and an increase in the number of days when dissolved oxygen standards were violated. * If particulate material were shunted back into the river at the Klamath Project diversion canals, less organic matter and nutrients would be taken into the Klamath Project area and the Lost River basin, resulting in return flows to the Klamath River via Lost River Diversion Channel that may have reduced nutrient concentrations. Model scenarios bracketing potential end-member nutrient concentrations showed that the composition of the return flows had little to no effect on dissolved oxygen compliance under simulated conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., Rounds, S.A., Deas, M., and Sogutlugil, I.E., 2012, Dissolved oxygen analysis, TMDL model comparison, and particulate matter shunting&mdash;Preliminary results from three model scenarios for the Klamath River upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1101, v, 28; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121101.","productDescription":"v, 28; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1101.bmp"},{"id":257060,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257061,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1101/pdf/ofr20121101.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River;Keno Dam","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023be4b0c8380cd4ff67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":98830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sogutlugil, I. 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