Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was led by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2012 through September 2013. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2013.
\n\n
This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2012 through September 2013. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity and dissolved organic carbon were analyzed for water samples collected at the four sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined. Daily values of mean suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical sum-maries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2014, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2012 through September 2013) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1244, vi, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141244.","productDescription":"vi, 133 p.","numberOfPages":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-10-01","temporalEnd":"2013-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-059451","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1244/pdf/ofr2014-1244.pdf","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1244/"},{"id":296630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141244.jpg"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -112.28576660156249,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 45.775186183521036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c11b7e4b0ca8c43c3694f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":527016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134482,"text":"ofr20141243 - 2014 - National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-11T15:37:20","indexId":"ofr20141243","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-11T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1243","title":"National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"Beaches serve as a natural buffer between the ocean and inland communities, ecosystems, and natural resources. However, these dynamic environments move and change in response to winds, waves, and currents. During extreme storms, changes to beaches can be great, and the results are sometimes catastrophic. Lives may be lost, communities destroyed, and millions of dollars spent on rebuilding.
\n\n
During storms, large waves may erode beaches, and high storm surge may shift the erosive force of the waves higher on the beach. In some cases, the combined effects of waves and surge may cause overwash (when waves and surge overtop the dune, transporting sand inland) or flooding. Buildings and infrastructure on or near a dune can be undermined during wave attack and subsequent erosion. Hurricanes Irene and Sandy made landfall along the Eastern United States in August 2011 and October 2012, respectively. Although these hurricanes made landfall south and west of the northeast Atlantic coast, waves from these storms caused severe erosion and undermining, destroying roads in some areas of the coast (for example Westport, Massachusetts).
\n\n
Waves overtopping a dune can transport water and sand inland, covering roads and blocking evacuation routes or impeding emergency relief. If storm surge inundates barrier island dunes, currents flowing across the island can create a breach, or a new inlet, completely severing evacuation routes.
\n\n
Extreme coastal changes caused by hurricanes may increase the vulnerability of communities both during a storm and to future storms. For example, when sand dunes are substantially eroded, inland structures are exposed to storm surge and waves. On barrier islands, absent or low dunes allow water to flow inland across the island, potentially increasing storm surge in the back bay, on the sound-side of the barrier, and on the mainland.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141243","usgsCitation":"Birchler, J., Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K., and Thompson, D.M., 2014, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards: Northeast Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1243, Report: iv, 34 p.; Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141243.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059585","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141243.jpg"},{"id":296623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/"},{"id":296624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/pdf/ofr2014-1243.pdf","size":"1.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296625,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1243/download/ofr2014-1243_NE_erosion_hazards.zip","text":"Northeast Atlantic Coastal Erosion Hazards Datsaset","size":"63 kB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 40.463666324587685\n ],\n [\n -73.63037109375,\n 40.463666324587685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548ac02de4b00f366bee37a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birchler, Justin J. jbirchler@usgs.gov","contributorId":5763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birchler","given":"Justin J.","email":"jbirchler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doran, Kara S. 0000-0001-8050-5727 kdoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-5727","contributorId":2496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Kara S.","email":"kdoran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, David M. 0000-0002-7103-5740 dthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-5740","contributorId":3502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"dthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133618,"text":"ofr20141233 - 2014 - Quality-assurance and data-management plan for water-quality activities in the Kansas Water Science Center, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-10T10:16:31","indexId":"ofr20141233","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-10T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1233","title":"Quality-assurance and data-management plan for water-quality activities in the Kansas Water Science Center, 2014","docAbstract":"As the Nation’s largest water, earth, and biological science and civilian mapping information agency, the U.S. Geological Survey is relied on to collect high-quality data, and produce factual and impartial interpretive reports. This quality-assurance and data-management plan provides guidance for water-quality activities conducted by the Kansas Water Science Center. Policies and procedures are documented for activities related to planning, collecting, storing, documenting, tracking, verifying, approving, archiving, and disseminating water-quality data. The policies and procedures described in this plan complement quality-assurance plans for continuous water-quality monitoring, surface-water, and groundwater activities in Kansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141233","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, T.J., Bennett, T.J., Foster, G., Graham, J.L., and Putnam, J.E., 2014, Quality-assurance and data-management plan for water-quality activities in the Kansas Water Science Center, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1233, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141233.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052134","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141233.jpg"},{"id":296568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1233/"},{"id":296569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1233/pdf/of2014-1233.pdf","size":"824 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 40.06125658140474\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -102.15087890624999,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 40.07807142745009\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54896eb6e4b027aeab781286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, Trudy J. trudyben@usgs.gov","contributorId":4218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Trudy","email":"trudyben@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Guy M. gfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy M.","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129336,"text":"ofr20141216 - 2014 - Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:06:58","indexId":"ofr20141216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1216","title":"Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has evaluated and adopted various field methods for collecting real-time sediment and nutrient data. These methods have proven to be valuable representations of sediment and nutrient concentrations and loads but are not able to accurately identify specific source areas. Recently, more advanced data collection and analysis techniques have been evaluated that show promise in identifying specific source areas. Application of field methods could include studies of sources of fluvial sediment, otherwise referred to as sediment “fingerprinting.” The identification of sediment is important, in part, because knowing the primary sediment source areas in watersheds ensures that best management practices are incorporated in areas that maximize reductions in sediment loadings. This report provides a literature review and annotated bibliography of existing methodologies applied in the field of fluvial sediment fingerprinting. This literature review provides a bibliography of publications where sediment fingerprinting methods have been used; however, this report is not assumed to provide an exhaustive listing. Selected publications were categorized by methodology with some additional summary information. The information contained in the summary may help researchers select methods better suited to their particular study or study area, and identify methods in need of more testing and application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141216","usgsCitation":"Williamson, J., Haj, A.E., Stamm, J., Valder, J., and Prautzch, V.L., 2014, Fluvial sediment fingerprinting: literature review and annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1216, Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141216.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059427","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141216.jpg"},{"id":296448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/"},{"id":296449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/pdf/ofr2014-1216.pdf","size":"336 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1216/Sediment_fingerprinting_references.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"36 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185afe4b0aa6d778520d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Joyce E. jewillia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Joyce E.","email":"jewillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haj, Adel E. Jr. ahaj@usgs.gov","contributorId":4812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haj","given":"Adel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ahaj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prautzch, Vicki L.","contributorId":127704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prautzch","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134510,"text":"ofr20141203 - 2014 - Maps showing bathymetry and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-04T09:59:13","indexId":"ofr20141203","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1203","title":"Maps showing bathymetry and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey mapped approximately 336 square kilometers of the lower shoreface and inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, in 2011 by using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. This report presents maps of bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, the coastal plain unconformity, the Holocene marine transgressive surface, and modern sediment thickness. These spatial data support research on the Quaternary evolution of the Fire Island coastal system and provide baseline information for research on coastal processes along southern Long Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141203","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Denny, J.F., and Baldwin, W.E., 2014, Maps showing bathymetry and modern sediment thickness on the inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, pre-Hurricane Sandy: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1203, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141203.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057128","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141203.jpg"},{"id":296408,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/"},{"id":296428,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1203/ofr2014-1203-title_page.html","size":"130 KB","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 18N","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -72.77206420898438,\n 40.775341832372696\n ],\n [\n -72.7130126953125,\n 40.626982205446545\n ],\n [\n -73.2733154296875,\n 40.50335790374529\n ],\n [\n -73.32824707031249,\n 40.63896734381723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185b0e4b0aa6d778520dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134658,"text":"ofr20141194 - 2014 - Drilling and geophysical logs of the tophole at an oil-and-gas well site, Central Venango County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-05T11:24:40","indexId":"ofr20141194","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-04T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1194","title":"Drilling and geophysical logs of the tophole at an oil-and-gas well site, Central Venango County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"In a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, drilling and geophysical logs were used to characterize the geohydrologic framework and the freshwater and saline-water zones penetrated by the tophole at an oil-and-gas well site in central Venango County, Pennsylvania. The geohydrologic setting of the well site is typical of the dissected Appalachian Plateau underlain by Pennsylvanian and Mississippian sandstone and shale. The drilling, gamma, and acoustic-televiewer logs collected from the 575-foot deep tophole define the penetrated Pennsylvanian and Mississippian stratigraphic units and their lithology. The caliper, video, and acoustic-televiewer logs delineate multiple bedding-related and high-angle fractures in the lower Pottsville Group and Shenango Formation from 22 to 249 feet below land surface. The caliper and acoustic-televiewer logs indicate a sparsity of fractures below 249 feet below land surface in the lowermost Shenango Formation, Cuyahoga Group, Corry Sandstone, “Drake Well” formation, and upper Riceville Formation.
\n\n
About half of the blown yield during drilling of the tophole was from fractures in the upper Shenango Formation between 80 and 167 feet below land surface and the other half from fractures in the lower Shenango between 190 and 249 feet below land surface. Following drilling, fractures above the water level at about 145 feet below land surface produced freshwater with a specific conductance of less than 150 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius that cascaded down the hole. As indicated by the fluid resistivity and temperature logs, most of the downflow exited the hole at the water-bearing fractures at 249 feet below land surface. The downward flow in the tophole reflects the downward hydraulic gradient between the water-bearing fractures above the water level and those at 249 feet below land surface.
\n\n
Low conductivity and high resistivity values on the dual induction logs indicate freshwater above 285 feet below land surface in the Shenango sandstones, which is consistent with a specific conductance of blown yield of 400 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at 200 feet below land surface. High conductivity and low resistivity values on the induction logs indicate the presence of saline water below 450 feet in the Corry Sandstone. The highest specific conductance of the blown yield, 1,200 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, was measured at 480 feet below land surface following penetration of the Corry Sandstone.
\n\n
Collection and integrated analysis of drilling and geophysical logs provided an efficient and effective means for characterizing the geohydrologic framework and conditions penetrated by the tophole at the selected oil-and-gas well site. The logging methods and lessons learned at this well site could be applied at other oil-and-gas drilling sites to better characterize the shallow subsurface with the overall goal of protecting freshwater aquifers during hydrocarbon development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141194","collaboration":"Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and and Geologic Survey; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Office of Oil and Gas Management","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Bird, P.H., Conger, R.W., and Anderson, J.A., 2014, Drilling and geophysical logs of the tophole at an oil-and-gas well site, Central Venango County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1194, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141194.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056584","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141194.jpg"},{"id":296426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1194/"},{"id":296427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1194/pdf/ofr2014-1194.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Venango County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.16706466674805,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -80.16706466674805,\n 41.80215869613737\n ],\n [\n -80.0654411315918,\n 41.80215869613737\n ],\n [\n -80.0654411315918,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -80.16706466674805,\n 41.72623044860004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548185ade4b0aa6d778520d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Philip H. 0000-0003-2088-8644 phbird@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-8644","contributorId":2085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Philip","email":"phbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton aanders@usgs.gov","contributorId":1602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"aanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alton","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133479,"text":"ofr20131024H - 2014 - Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70133479,"text":"ofr20131024H - 2014 - Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"ofr20131024H","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Gravity Survey and Interpretation of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","title":"Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T12:13:19","indexId":"ofr20131024H","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Gravity Survey and Interpretation of Fort Irwin and Vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","title":"Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"In support of a hydrogeologic study of the groundwater resources on Fort Irwin, we have combined new gravity data with preexisting measurements to produce an isostatic residual gravity map, which we then separated into two components reflecting (1) the density distribution in the pre-Cenozoic basement complex and (2) the distribution of low-density Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary deposits that lie on top of the basement complex. The second component was inverted to estimate the three-dimensional distribution of Cenozoic deposits by using constraints from geology, drillholes, and time-domain electromagnetic soundings. In most of the base, the Cenozoic deposits are no more than 300 m thick, except in the basins with more than 500 m of fill beneath Coyote Lake, Red Pass Lake, west of Nelson Lake, west of Superior Lake, Bicycle Lake, and in the vicinity of Nelson Lake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024H","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R.C., and Langenheim, V.E., 2014, Gravity survey and interpretation of Fort Irwin and vicinity, Mojave Desert, California, chap. H of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024H.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042838","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296357,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/downloads/ofr2013-1024_h.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296358,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/downloads/downloads.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"2.6 MB"},{"id":296359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":360263,"rank":4,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/h/readme.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Geologic and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of Fort Irwin National Training Center, California, have been completed in support of groundwater investigations, and are presented in eight chapters of this report. A generalized surficial geologic map along with field and borehole investigations conducted during 2010–11 provide a lithostratigraphic and structural framework for the area during the Cenozoic. Electromagnetic properties of resistivity were measured in the laboratory on hand and core samples, and compared to borehole geophysical resistivity data. These data were used in conjunction with ground-based time-domain and airborne data and interpretations to provide a framework for the shallow lithologic units and structure. Gravity and aeromagnetic maps cover areas ~4 to 5 times that of Fort Irwin. Each chapter includes hydrogeologic applications of the data or model results.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., 2014, Introduction to the geologic and geophysical studies of Fort Irwin, California, chap. A of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024A.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059381","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296356,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/a/downloads/ofr2013-1024-a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/a/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.70870780944823,\n 35.26944846740116\n ],\n [\n -116.7092227935791,\n 35.23966065628306\n ],\n [\n -116.66810989379881,\n 35.25276864179296\n ],\n [\n -116.66939735412596,\n 35.27575506983386\n ],\n [\n -116.70690536499022,\n 35.27470400352624\n ],\n [\n -116.70870780944823,\n 35.26944846740116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The geology and landscape of the Fort Irwin area, typical of many parts of the Mojave Desert, consist of rugged mountains separated by broad alluviated valleys that form the main coarse-resolution features of the geologic map. Crystalline and sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic and older in age, form most of the mountains with lesser accumulations of Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. In detail, the area exhibits a fairly complex distribution of surficial deposits resulting from diverse rock sources and geomorphology that has been driven by topographic changes caused by recent and active faulting. Depositional environments span those typical of the Mojave Desert: alluvial fans on broad piedmonts, major intermittent streams along valley floors, eolian sand dunes and sheets, and playas in closed valleys that lack through-going washes. Erosional environments include rocky mountains, smooth gently sloping pediments, and badlands in readily eroded sediment. All parts of the landscape, from regional distribution of mountains, valleys, and faults to details of degree of soil development in surface materials, are portrayed by the surficial geologic map. Many of these attributes govern infiltration and recharge, and the surface distribution of permeable rock units such as Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks provides a basis for evaluating potential groundwater storage. Quaternary faults are widespread in the Fort Irwin area and include sinistral, east-striking faults that characterize the central swath of the area and the contrasting dextral, northwest-striking faults that border the east and west margins. Bedrock distribution and thickness of valley-fill deposits are controlled by modern and past faulting, and faults on the map help to identify targets for groundwater exploration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.M., Menges, C.M., and Lidke, D.J., 2014, Generalized surficial geologic map of the Fort Irwin area, San Bernardino County, California, chap. B of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 11 p., scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024B.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 50.91 x 35.84 inches; Database","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041811","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398994,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_103355.htm"},{"id":296354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":296352,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/downloads/ofr2013-1024_b_map.pdf","text":"Map","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296351,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/downloads/ofr2013_1024_b_report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296353,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/b/downloads/OF2013-1024-b.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Irwin area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1767,\n 35.0222\n ],\n [\n -116.1122,\n 35.0222\n ],\n [\n -116.1122,\n 35.6944\n ],\n [\n -117.1767,\n 35.6944\n ],\n [\n -117.1767,\n 35.0222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Aeromagnetic data help provide the underpinnings of a hydrogeologic framework for Fort Irwin by locating inferred structural features or grain that influence groundwater flow. Magnetization boundaries defined by horizontal-gradient analyses coincide locally with Cenozoic faults and can be used to extend these faults beneath cover. These boundaries also highlight the structural grain within the crystalline rocks and may serve as a proxy for fracturing, an important source of permeability within the generally impermeable basement rocks, thus mapping potential groundwater pathways through and along the mountain ranges in the study area.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V.E., and Jachens, R.C., 2014, Aeromagnetic data, processing, and maps of Fort Irwin and vicinity, California, chap. I of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1024, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024I.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 18 p,; Supplemental Data","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039182","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/i/downloads/downloads.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":296364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/i/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":296362,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/i/downloads/ofr2013-1024_i.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a database containing information about wells, surface-water intakes, and distribution systems that are part of public water systems across the United States, its territories, and possessions. Programs of the USGS such as the National Water Census, the National Water Use Information Program, and the National Water-Quality Assessment Program all require a complete and current inventory of public water systems, the sources of water used by those systems, and the size of populations served by the systems across the Nation. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database already exists as the primary national Federal database for information on public water systems, the Public-Supply Database (PSDB) was developed to add value to SDWIS data with enhanced location and ancillary information, and to provide links to other databases, including the USGS’s National Water Information System (NWIS) database.
\nThe purpose of this report is to document the PSDB and explain the methods used to populate and update the data from the SDWIS, State datasets, and map and geospatial imagery. This report describes 3 data tables and 11 domain tables, including field contents, data sources, and relations between tables. Although the PSDB database is not available to the general public, this information should be useful for others who are developing other database systems to store and analyze public-supply system and facility data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141212","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., and Maupin, M.A., 2014, Documentation for the U.S. Geological Survey Public-Supply Database (PSDB): A database of permitted public-supply wells, surface-water intakes, and systems in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1212, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141212.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054109","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141212.jpg"},{"id":296332,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1212/"},{"id":296348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1212/pdf/of2014-1212.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed4a1e4b09357f05f8a1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134231,"text":"ofr20141240 - 2014 - A reconnaissance for signs of a Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralizing system on the eastern flank of the Rutbah Uplift, Anbar Province, Iraq","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-02T08:50:11","indexId":"ofr20141240","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-02T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1240","title":"A reconnaissance for signs of a Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralizing system on the eastern flank of the Rutbah Uplift, Anbar Province, Iraq","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance field visits and rock sampling were conducted at eight geologically selected locations within Mesozoic rocks on the eastern flank of the Rutbah Uplift, Anbar Province, western Iraq, in an attempt to determine if these rocks have been affected by a Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) lead-zinc mineralizing system. Samples subsequently were studied by carbonate mineral staining, transmitted and reflected light petrology, and scanning electron microscopy with semi-quantitative energy dispersive elemental analyses. Single samples were studied by each, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of trace elements and fluid inclusion microthermometry. Permissive evidence indicates that there has been a MVT system present, but none of the evidence is considered definitive.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141240","collaboration":"Iraqi State Company for Geological Survey and Mining, P.O. Box 986 Alwiyz, Baghdad, Iraq","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T.S., Mustafa, M., and Bennet, T., 2014, A reconnaissance for signs of a Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralizing system on the eastern flank of the Rutbah Uplift, Anbar Province, Iraq: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1240, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141240.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051092","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141240.JPG"},{"id":296316,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1240/"},{"id":296335,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1240/pdf/ofr2014-1240.pdf"}],"country":"Iraq","county":"Anbar Province","otherGeospatial":"Rutbah Uplift","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ed49ae4b09357f05f8a17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mustafa, Mazin","contributorId":127641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mustafa","given":"Mazin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennet, Thair","contributorId":127642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennet","given":"Thair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129190,"text":"ofr20141181 - 2014 - Water-quality data from lakes in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2010-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-25T09:30:46","indexId":"ofr20141181","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-25T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1181","title":"Water-quality data from lakes in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2010-2011","docAbstract":"Over a two-year period (2010–2011), in-place measurements were made and water-quality samples were collected from 122 lakes in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, during a U.S. Geological Survey lake biological diversity inventory. The U.S. Geological Survey National Research Program performed the chemical analyses on the retrieved water-quality samples. Results from the analyses of water samples for dissolved carbon gases and carbon isotopes, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, and major cations and anions, along with supporting site data, are presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141181","usgsCitation":"Halm, D.R., and Griffith, B., 2014, Water-quality data from lakes in the Yukon Flats, Alaska, 2010-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1181, Report: v, 6 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141181.","productDescription":"Report: v, 6 p.; Tables","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057393","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141181.jpg"},{"id":296275,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1181/"},{"id":296280,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1181/pdf/ofr14-1181.pdf","size":"1.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296281,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1181/pdf/OFR14-1181_tables.xlsx","text":"Tables 1-7","size":"105 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.3916015625,\n 65.83877570688918\n ],\n [\n -151.3916015625,\n 67.62595438857817\n ],\n [\n -144.2724609375,\n 67.62595438857817\n ],\n [\n -144.2724609375,\n 65.83877570688918\n ],\n [\n -151.3916015625,\n 65.83877570688918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54759a1ee4b042f27ef134fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133876,"text":"ofr20141234 - 2014 - Bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, and seafloor character of Farallon Escarpment and Rittenburg Bank, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-24T14:41:23","indexId":"ofr20141234","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-24T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1234","title":"Bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, and seafloor character of Farallon Escarpment and Rittenburg Bank, northern California","docAbstract":"In 2011, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Coastal and Marine Geology Program acquired bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data along the upper slope of the Farallon Escarpment and Rittenburg Bank within the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary offshore of the San Francisco Bay area. The surveys were funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program to identify potential deep sea coral habitat prior to planned sampling efforts. Bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data can be used to map seafloor geology (rock, sand, mud), and slope of the sea floor, both of which are useful for the prediction of deep sea coral habitat. The data also can be used for the prediction of sediment and contaminant budgets and transport, and for the assessment of earthquake and tsunami hazards. The surveys were conducted aboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Sanctuary Program’s 67-foot-long research vessel Fulmar outfitted with a U.S. Geological Survey 100-kHz Reson 7111 multibeam-echosounder system. This report provides the bathymetry and backscatter data acquired during these surveys, interpretive seafloor character maps in several formats, a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., and Finlayson, D.P., 2014, Bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, and seafloor character of Farallon Escarpment and Rittenburg Bank, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1234, Report: iv, 18 p.; Data catalog; Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141234.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; Data catalog; Maps","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057295","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141234.jpg"},{"id":296270,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1234/pdf/ofr2014-1234.pdf","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296268,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1234/"},{"id":296271,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1234/datacatalog.html","text":"Data catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Data catalog"},{"id":296272,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1234/maps.html","text":"Maps","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Maps"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Farallon Escarpment, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, Rittenburg Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 37.924701076802094\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.924701076802094\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 37.54893261064109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547448cae4b06d30cba2ba7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70129827,"text":"ofr20141227 - 2014 - Core data from offshore Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:10:45","indexId":"ofr20141227","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-21T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1227","title":"Core data from offshore Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"In 2008, as a collaborative effort between Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the U.S. Geological Survey, 20 giant gravity cores were collected from areas surrounding Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The regions sampled have had many large earthquake and landslide events, some of which are believed to have triggered tsunamis. The objective of this coring cruise, carried out aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research vessel Seward Johnson, was to determine the age of several substantial slope failures and seismite layers near Puerto Rico in an effort to map their temporal distribution. Data gathered from the cores collected in 2008 and 11 archive cores from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory are included in this report. These data include lithologic logs, core summary sheets, x-ray fluorescence, wet-bulk density, magnetic susceptibility, grain-size analyses, radiographs, and radiocarbon age dates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141227","usgsCitation":"Hoy, S.K., Chaytor, J., and ten Brink, U., 2014, Core data from offshore Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1227, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141227.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056650","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141227.JPG"},{"id":296250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1227/"},{"id":296251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1227/ofr2014-1227-title_page.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"World Geodetic System of 1984","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70,\n 16\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 21\n ],\n [\n -63,\n 21\n ],\n [\n -63,\n 16\n ],\n [\n -70,\n 16\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5470541de4b0b935bc76ce08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoy, Shannon K. shoy@usgs.gov","contributorId":5940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Shannon","email":"shoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D. jchaytor@usgs.gov","contributorId":4961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133900,"text":"ofr20141239 - 2014 - Conservation buffer distance estimates for Greater Sage-Grouse: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:35:46","indexId":"ofr20141239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-21T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1239","title":"Conservation buffer distance estimates for Greater Sage-Grouse: a review","docAbstract":"This report was prepared at the request of the U.S. Department of the Interior and is a compilation and summary of published scientific studies that evaluate the influence of anthropogenic activities and infrastructure on Greater Sage-Grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse) populations. The purpose of this report is to provide a convenient reference for land managers and others who are working to develop biologically relevant and socioeconomically practical buffer distances around sage-grouse habitats. The framework for this summary includes (1) addressing the potential effects of anthropogenic land use and disturbances on sage-grouse populations, (2) providing ecologically based interpretations of evidence from the scientific literature, and (3) informing implementation of conservation buffers around sage-grouse communal breeding locations—known as leks.
\n\n
We do not make specific management recommendations but instead provide summarized information, citations, and interpretation of findings available in scientific literature. We also recognize that because of variation in populations, habitats, development patterns, social context, and other factors, for a particular disturbance type, there is no single distance that is an appropriate buffer for all populations and habitats across the sage-grouse range. Thus, we report values for distances upon which protective, conservation buffers might be based, in conjunction with other considerations. We present this information for six categories of land use or disturbance typically found in land-use plans which are representative of the level of definition available in the scientific literature: surface disturbance (multiple causes; immediate and cumulative influences); linear features (roads); energy development (oil, gas, wind, and solar); tall structures (electrical, communication, and meteorological); low structures (fences and buildings); and activities (noise and related disruptions). Minimum and maximum distances for observed effects found in the scientific literature, as well as a distance range for possible conservation buffers based on interpretation of multiple sources, expert knowledge of the authors regarding affected areas, and the distribution of birds around leks are provided for each of the six categories These interpreted values for buffer distances are an attempt to balance the extent of protected areas with multiple land-use requirements using estimates of the distribution of sage-grouse habitat. Conservation efforts may then focus on the overlap between potential effect zone and important habitats. We provide a brief discussion of some of the most relevant literature for each category. References associated with the minimum and maximum values are identified in the References Cited section with corresponding symbols.
\n\n
Distances in this report reflect radii around lek locations because these locations are typically (although not universally) known, and management plans often refer to these locations. Lek sites are most representative of breeding habitats, but their locations are focal points within populations, and as such, protective buffers around lek sites can offer a useful solution for identifying and conserving seasonal habitats required by sage-grouse throughout their life cycle. However, knowledge of local and regional patterns of seasonal habitat use may improve conservation of those important areas, especially regarding the distribution and utilization of nonbreeding season habitats (which may be underrepresented in lek-based designations).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141239","usgsCitation":"Manier, D.J., Bowen, Z.H., Brooks, M.L., Casazza, M.L., Coates, P.S., Deibert, P.A., Hanser, S., and Johnson, D.H., 2014, Conservation buffer distance estimates for Greater Sage-Grouse: a review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1239, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141239.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060785","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141239.jpg"},{"id":296242,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1239/"},{"id":296243,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1239/pdf/ofr2014-1239.pdf","size":"964 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5470541ce4b0b935bc76cdfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":4589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deibert, Patricia A.","contributorId":127500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deibert","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E. 0000-0002-4430-2073 shanser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-2073","contributorId":3020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven E.","email":"shanser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70133712,"text":"ofr20141228 - 2014 - Population viability and connectivity of the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-21T13:07:54","indexId":"ofr20141228","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-19T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1228","title":"Population viability and connectivity of the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus)","docAbstract":"In 1992, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) granted Ursus americanus luteolus (Louisiana black bear) threatened status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, listing loss and fragmentation of habitat as the primary threats. A study was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the University of Tennessee, the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and the USFWS to estimate demographic rates and genetic structure of Louisiana black bear populations; evaluate relations between environmental and anthropogenic factors and demographic, genetic, and movement characteristics of Louisiana black bear populations; and develop data-driven stochastic population projection models to assess long-term persistence of individual subpopulations and the overall black bear population in Louisiana.
\n\n
Data were collected with non-invasive DNA sampling, live capture, winter den visits, and radio monitoring from 2002 to 2012 in the four areas supporting breeding subpopulations in Louisiana: Tensas River Basin (TRB), Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB), Lower Atchafalaya River Basin (LARB), and Three Rivers Complex (TRC). Bears were live trapped and radio collared in the TRB and TRC to estimate survival and reproductive rates, deterministic matrix models were used to estimate asymptotic growth rates, and stochastic population models were used to estimate long-term viability. DNA extracted from hair collected at baited, barbed-wire enclosures in the TRB, UARB, and LARB and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analysis based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods were used to estimate apparent survival (φ), per capita recruitment (γ), abundance (N), realized growth rate (λ), and long-term viability.
\n\n
From 2002 to 2012, we radio monitored 86 adult females greater than (>) 2 years old within the TRB, and 43 adult females were monitored in the TRC. The mean annual survival rate estimate ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 for the TRB and from 0.93 to 0.97 for the TRC. Fecundity and yearling recruitment in the TRB were 0.47 and 0.15, respectively, whereas estimates for the TRC were 0.37 and 0.18. Depending on estimated carrying capacity, the strength of the density dependence, level of uncertainty, and the treatment of unresolved signals, persistence probabilities for the TRC subpopulation ranged from 0.295 to 0.999.
\n\n
Estimates of N for females in the TRB ranged from 140 to 163 during 2006–12 when detection heterogeneity was assumed to follow a logistic-normal distribution (Model 1) and from 133 to 158 when a 2-point finite mixture distribution was assumed (Model 2). Annual estimates of γ ranged from 0.00 to 0.16 and from 0 to 0.22, depending on the model, and estimates of φ ranged from 0.87 to 0.93 during that period. In the UARB, estimates of N for females ranged from 25 to 44 during the study period, regardless of heterogeneity model. Estimated γ ranged from 0.00 to 0.41, and φ ranged from 0.88 to 0.90 during that period. Estimated N for females in the LARB was from 78 to 97 from 2010 to 2012 based on Model 1 and from 68 to 84 based on Model 2. Estimates of γ were 0.00 for 2010–11 regardless of heterogeneity model and ranged from 0.24 to 0.31 for 2011–12, depending on the model assumptions. We estimated φ as 0.81 for 2010–11, and from 0.84 to 0.85 for 2011–12, depending on model assumptions. We estimated Φ as 0.81 for 2010–11, ranging and from 0.84 to 0.85 for 2011–12, depending on model assumptions.
\n\n
On the basis of vital rate estimates from Model 1 of the CMR analysis, probability of persistence over 100 years for the TRB population was >0.999, 0.975, and 0.958 for process-only, 50-percent (%) credible interval (CI), and 95% CI projections, respectively. Similarly, the probability of persistence based on Model 2 was >0.999, 0.982, and 0.958. For the UARB, probabilities of persistence based on Model 1 were >0.999, 0.971, and 0.958 for process-only, 50% CI, and 95% CI projections, respectively, and 0.993, 0.929, and 0.849 for Model 2. Using the telemetry and reproductive data from the TRC, probabilities of persistence were greater than or equal to 0.95 only for projections based on the most optimistic set of assumptions. Assuming that the dynamics of the TRB, TRC, and UARB populations were independent and using the most pessimistic population-specific persistence probabilities (that is, 0.958, 0.295, and 0.849, respectively), the overall probability of persistence for bears in that population system was 0.996.
\n\n
Genetic methods were used to estimate interchange and structure between subpopulations in Louisiana and in Minnesota (MINN); Mississippi (MISS); and the White River Basin (WRB), Arkansas. Results from the all-population and the WRB–TRB clustering analyses indicate at least five genetically distinct populations. The genetic clustering and migrant analyses combined with capture data provided direct evidence that interchange has occurred from the WRB to the TRB and MISS, from the TRB to MISS, from the UARB to the TRC, and from the TRC to the TRB. Indirect evidence that interchange occurred from the UARB to the TRC and from the UARB to the TRB by way of the TRC was documented. No evidence was found of interchange from any of the subpopulations to the WRB, UARB, or LARB.
\n\n
From April 2010 to April 2012, global positioning system (GPS) radio collars were placed on 8 female and 23 male bears ranging from 1 to 11 years of age to develop a step-selection function model to predict routes and rates of interchange. For both males and females, the probability of a step being selected increased as the distance to natural land cover and agriculture at the end of the step decreased and as distance from roads at the end of a step increased. Of 4,000 correlated random walks, the least potential interchange was between TRB and TRC and between UARB and LARB, but the relative potential for natural interchange between UARB and TRC was high. The step-selection model predicted that dispersals between the LARB and UARB populations were infrequent but possible for males and nearly nonexistent for females. No evidence of natural female dispersal between subpopulations has been documented thus far, which is also consistent with model predictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Tennessee, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Laufenberg, J.S., and Clark, J.D., 2014, Population viability and connectivity of the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1228, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141228.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060751","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296182,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1228"},{"id":296184,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1228/pdf/ofr2014-1228.pdf","size":"4.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141228.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -88.9727783203125,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -88.9727783203125,\n 28.8927788645183\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 28.8927788645183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546db11fe4b0fc7976bf1e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laufenberg, Jared S.","contributorId":28899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laufenberg","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7006,"text":"Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128729,"text":"ofr20141205 - 2014 - Evaluation of the Raven sUAS to detect and monitor greater sage-grouse leks within the Middle Park population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-19T13:32:27","indexId":"ofr20141205","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1205","title":"Evaluation of the Raven sUAS to detect and monitor greater sage-grouse leks within the Middle Park population","docAbstract":"Staff from the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Hot Sulphur Springs Office began discussions in 2011 for a proof of concept study to test the Raven RQ-11A small Unmanned Aircraft System (Raven sUAS) for its suitability to detect and monitor greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) breeding sites (leks). During April 2013, the Raven sUAS was flown over two known lek sites within the Middle Park population in Grand County, Colorado. Known sites were flown to determine the reaction of the greater sage-grouse to the aircraft and to determine if the technology had potential for future use of locating new leks and obtaining population counts on known, active lek sites.
\n\n
The Raven sUAS is a hand-launched reconnaissance and data-gathering tool developed for the U.S. Department of Defense by AeroVironment, Inc. Originally designed to provide aerial observation, day or night, at line-of-site ranges up to 6.2 miles (10 kilometers), the Raven sUAS has a wingspan of 4.5 feet (1.38 meters) and weighs 4.2 pounds (1.9 kilograms). A 60-minute lithium-ion rechargeable battery powers the system which also transmits live video (color or infrared imagery), compass headings, and location information to a ground control station. The Raven sUAS is typically operated by a three-person flight crew consisting of a pilot, mission operator, and a trained observer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Parks and Wildlife.","usgsCitation":"Hanson, L., Holmquist-Johnson, C.L., and Cowardin, M.L., 2014, Evaluation of the Raven sUAS to detect and monitor greater sage-grouse leks within the Middle Park population: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1205, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141205.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055826","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141205.jpg"},{"id":296189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1205/pdf/ofr2014-1205.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1205/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Grand County","otherGeospatial":"Middle Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a75e4b08de9379b3077","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmquist-Johnson, Christopher L. h-johnsonc@usgs.gov","contributorId":922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmquist-Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"h-johnsonc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowardin, Michelle L.","contributorId":117645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123786,"text":"ofr20141179 - 2014 - Stochastic modeling of a lava-flow aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T16:25:28","indexId":"ofr20141179","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1179","title":"Stochastic modeling of a lava-flow aquifer system","docAbstract":"This report describes preliminary three-dimensional geostatistical modeling of a lava-flow aquifer system using a multiple-point geostatistical model. The purpose of this study is to provide a proof-of-concept for this modeling approach. An example of the method is demonstrated using a subset of borehole geologic data and aquifer test data from a portion of the Calico Hills Formation, a lava-flow aquifer system that partially underlies Pahute Mesa, Nevada. Groundwater movement in this aquifer system is assumed to be controlled by the spatial distribution of two geologic units—rhyolite lava flows and zeolitized tuffs. The configuration of subsurface lava flows and tuffs is largely unknown because of limited data. The spatial configuration of the lava flows and tuffs is modeled by using a multiple-point geostatistical simulation algorithm that generates a large number of alternative realizations, each honoring the available geologic data and drawn from a geologic conceptual model of the lava-flow aquifer system as represented by a training image. In order to demonstrate how results from the geostatistical model could be analyzed in terms of available hydrologic data, a numerical simulation of part of an aquifer test was applied to the realizations of the geostatistical model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., and Phelps, G.A., 2014, Stochastic modeling of a lava-flow aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1179, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141179.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052382","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141179.gif"},{"id":296191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1179/"},{"id":296192,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1179/downloads/ofr2014-1179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c6439e4b068a3ebb6f032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","contributorId":5478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"Collin","email":"ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A. gphelps@usgs.gov","contributorId":1179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gphelps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133637,"text":"ofr20141167 - 2014 - Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T10:56:46","indexId":"ofr20141167","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1167","title":"Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '11 (DMT'11) workshop was hosted by Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources and The College of William & Mary, and coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project. Conducted May 22-25 on the campus of The College of William & Mary, in Williamsburg, Virginia, it was attended by 77 technical experts from 30 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 19 State geological surveys (see \"DMT'11 Presentations and Attendees\" in these Proceedings).
\nThe Digital Mapping Techniques '12 (DMT'12) workshop was hosted by the Illinois State Geological Survey and coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project. Conducted May 20-23 on the campus of The University of Illinois, in Champaign, Illinois, it was attended by 73 technical experts from 34 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 25 State geological surveys (see \"DMT'12 Presentations and Attendees\" in these Proceedings).
\nAt these meetings, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: (1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); (2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LiDAR; (3) digital cartographic techniques; (4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase formats; (5) analytical GIS techniques; and (6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141167","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2014, Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1167, iv, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141167.","productDescription":"iv, 134 p.","numberOfPages":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053871","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296152,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1167/pdf/ofr2014-1167_dmt11-12.pdf"},{"id":296153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141167.jpg"},{"id":296136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1167/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c6433e4b068a3ebb6f007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128996,"text":"ofr20141218 - 2014 - World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network: a data users guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T08:33:52","indexId":"ofr20141218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1218","title":"World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network: a data users guide","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report, which is based on an unpublished draft prepared in the 1970s, is to provide seismologists with the information they may need to use the WWSSN data set as it becomes available in a more easily accessible and convenient format on the Internet. The report includes a description of the WWSSN network, station facilities, operations and instrumentation, a derivation of the instrument transfer functions, tables of transfer functions, a description of calibration techniques, and a description of a method used to determine important instrument constants using recorded calibration data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141218","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.R., and Hutt, C.R., 2014, World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network: a data users guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1218, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141218.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056333","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141218.jpg"},{"id":296134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1218/pdf/ofr2014-1218.pdf"},{"id":296133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1218/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c643be4b068a3ebb6f04a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jon R.","contributorId":61062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70127634,"text":"ofr20141187 - 2014 - A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T15:00:56","indexId":"ofr20141187","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1187","title":"A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation","docAbstract":"The Nevada National Security Site (NNSS, formerly the Nevada Test Site) is located in southern Nevada approximately 105 kilometers (km) (65 miles) northwest of Las Vegas. Frenchman Flat is a sedimentary basin located on the eastern edge of NNSS and extending eastward into the adjacent Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).
\n\n
In late September 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a ground-based magnetic survey of the northeast portion of Frenchman Flat within the NNSS and within the adjacent NTTR. The survey was designed to address two questions of importance to the siting of new monitoring wells near (down-gradient of) or within groundwater-contaminant plumes resulting from the Milk Shake and Pin Stripe underground nuclear tests:
\n\n
Question 1—What is the horizontal extent of the basalt flow (the Basalt lava flow aquifer or BLFA) encountered in three wells (UE5k, UE5i, and ER-5-3) within the alluvial section at depths ranging from 268 to 290 meters (m) (880 to 950 feet [ft]), and having a thickness between 9 and 21 m (30 and 70 ft)? Exploratory Hole UE5k is located near Emplacement Hole U5k, site of the Milk Shake underground nuclear test (U.S. Department of Energy, 2000). Characterization well ER-5-3 is located approximately 670 m (2,200 ft) west-northwest of the Milk Shake test.
\n\n
Question 2—Does basin and range normal faulting observed in the hills north of Frenchman Flat continue southward under alluvium and possibly disrupt the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group (the Topopah Spring welded tuff aquifer or TSA) east of the Pin Stripe underground nuclear test, which was conducted in Emplacement hole U11b?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141187","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., Burton, B., Curry-Elrod, E., and Drellack, S., 2014, A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1187, Report: vi, 144 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; USGS-474-216: 24 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141187.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 144 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; USGS-474-216: 24 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"150","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033091","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141187.jpg"},{"id":296117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/"},{"id":296118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/ofr2014-1187.pdf","size":"13.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/Plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"93.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296120,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/USGS-474-216.pdf","text":"USGS-474-216","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296121,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Frenchman Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -115.7244873046875,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -115.7244873046875,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.72567681977065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54671998e4b04d4b7dbde512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curry-Elrod, Erika","contributorId":83634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry-Elrod","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drellack, Sigmund","contributorId":121072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drellack","given":"Sigmund","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104552,"text":"ofr20141098 - 2014 - Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T12:56:47","indexId":"ofr20141098","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1098","title":"Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration","docAbstract":"The Wild and Scenic North Umpqua River is one of the highest-quality waters in the State of Oregon, supporting runs of wild salmon, steelhead, and trout. For many years, blooms of potentially toxic blue-green algae in Diamond and Lemolo Lakes have threatened water quality, fisheries, and public health. The blooms consist primarily of Anabaena, a nitrogen (N)-fixing planktonic alga that appears to have contributed to N enrichment, which could account for changes in communities and biomass of periphyton, or attached benthic algae, in the river. Periphyton can become a nuisance in summer by affecting riffle habitat and causing high pH that fails to meet State of Oregon water-quality standards. These symptoms of nutrient enrichment in the North Umpqua River were first documented in 1995, and the symptoms have continued since then. Restoring natural ecosystem processes that store nutrients rather than fueling algae might help improve pH and water-clarity conditions.
\n\n
This report summarizes the results from a study in 2005–07 characterizing water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River before, during, and after the 2006 rotenone treatment of Diamond Lake in the headwaters of the North Umpqua River. The treatment was part of a restoration project to eradicate Tui chub (Gila bicolor), a non-native invasive fish blamed for decimating the trout fishery in Diamond Lake and fueling Anabaena blooms. Diamond Lake was expected to contribute organic matter and associated nutrients to Lake Creek during the project, but it was unclear whether these nutrients would affect periphyton communities in the North Umpqua River downstream.
\n\n
This study also provided an opportunity to examine changes in stream conditions in the main stem North Umpqua River and its tributaries, which were previously sampled in July 1995. The 1995 study was designed to provide background data during relicensing of the upstream hydroelectric facilities, and was partly motivated by anecdotal concerns about increase periphyton growth and reduced water clarity. As part of the 2005–07 study associated with the Diamond Lake restoration project, we repeated the 1995 basinwide synoptic survey in 2005, before the rotenone treatment. Although both samplings were just a snapshot of conditions, these data were evaluated for possible changes between 1995 and 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., Anderson, C., and Jones, M.E., 2014, Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1098, Report: viii, 89 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-023321","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141098.jpg"},{"id":296090,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/pdf/ofr2014-1098.pdf","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296091,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/downloads/ofr2014-1098_appendix.xlsx","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296089,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 42.54093947168063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546719a0e4b04d4b7dbde549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Mikeal E.","contributorId":127443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Mikeal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6925,"text":"US Forest Service, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133281,"text":"ofr20141232 - 2014 - Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T09:45:51","indexId":"ofr20141232","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1232","title":"Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations","docAbstract":"The geotechnical properties of the soils in and around Boston, Massachusetts, have been extensively studied. This is partly due to the importance of the Boston Blue Clay and the extent of landfill in the Boston area. Although New England is not a region that is typically associated with seismic hazards, there have been several historical earthquakes that have caused significant ground shaking (for example, see Street and Lacroix, 1979; Ebel, 1996; Ebel, 2006). The possibility of strong ground shaking, along with heightened vulnerability from unreinforced masonry buildings, motivates further investigation of seismic hazards throughout New England. Important studies that are pertinent to seismic hazards in New England include source-parameter studies (Somerville and others, 1987; Boore and others, 2010), wave-propagation studies (Frankel, 1991; Viegas and others, 2010), empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPE) for computing ground-motion intensity (Tavakoli and Pezeshk, 2005; Atkinson and Boore, 2006), site-response studies (Hayles and others, 2001; Ebel and Kim, 2006), and liquefaction studies (Brankman and Baise, 2008). The shear-wave velocity (VS) profiles collected for this report are pertinent to the GMPE, site response, and liquefaction aspects of seismic hazards in the greater Boston area. Besides the application of these data for the Boston region, the data may be applicable throughout New England, through correlations with geologic units (similar to Ebel and Kim, 2006) or correlations with topographic slope (Wald and Allen, 2007), because few VS measurements are available in stable tectonic regions.
Ebel and Hart (2001) used felt earthquake reports to infer amplification patterns throughout the greater Boston region and noted spatial correspondence with the dominant period and amplification factors obtained from ambient noise (horizontal-to-vertical ratios) by Kummer (1998). Britton (2003) compiled geotechnical borings in the area and produced a microzonation map based on generalized velocity profiles, where the amplifications were computed using Shake (Schnable and others, 1972), along with an assumed input ground motion. The velocities were constrained by only a few local measurements associated with the Central Artery/Tunnel project. The additional VS measurements presented in this report provide a number of benefits. First, these measurements provide improved spatial coverage. Second, the larger sample size provides better constraints on the mean and variance of the VS distribution for each layer, which may be paired with a three-dimensional (3D) model of the stratigraphy to generate one-dimensional (1D) profiles for use in a standard site-response analysis (for example, Britton, 2003). Third, the velocity profiles may also be used, along with a 3D model of the stratigraphy, as input into a 3D simulation of the ground motion to investigate the effects of basin-generated surface waves and the potential focusing of seismic waves.
This report begins with a short review of the geology of the study area and the field methods that we used to estimate the velocity profiles. The raw data, processed data, and the interpreted VS profiles are given in appendix 1. Photographs and descriptions of the sites are provided in appendix 2.
To offset for the loss of managed pond habitat during restoration of wetlands to tidal marsh, the South Bay Salt Pond (SBSP) Restoration Project is enhancing some of the remaining ponds by constructing islands for roosting and nesting waterbirds. Among these wetland habitats, the SBSP Restoration Project also is installing walking trails and viewing platforms in an effort to bring the public closer to nature. In winter of 2010–11, the SBSP Restoration Project constructed 30 islands in Pond SF2 and walking trails and viewing platforms around the edge of the pond. The restoration project partners acknowledged that human disturbance could detrimentally affect nesting and roosting waterbirds. Although optimal buffer distances and potential for human disturbance were unknown, islands in Pond SF2, nevertheless, were designed with built-in buffers of greater than 300 feet (91 meters) from a trail and 600 feet (182 meters) from a viewing platform in order to minimize potential human disturbances.
\nTo determine the effects that human disturbance may have on waterbirds nesting on these newly constructed islands in Pond SF2, we assessed the potential effects of human disturbance features (specifically, access trails, viewing platforms, internal pond berms, exterior levees, and highways) on breeding waterbirds in 2011 and 2012. We found no clear pattern of potential disturbance features on a group of reproductive factors, including nest survival, nest initiation date, and clutch size. Because all the islands were constructed greater than 90 meters from the nearest disturbance feature, Pond SF2 alone did not provide adequate variation in the distance of disturbance features to detect potential detrimental effects for islands closer to disturbance features in other areas of the SBSP Restoration Project. If there is a need for SBSP Restoration Project Management Team to understand how close islands can be built to disturbance features in the future, we suggest a more comprehensive study that includes multiple ponds, other than SF2, with islands at varying distances to disturbance features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Herzog, M., and Hartman, C.A., 2014, Effects of human disturbance on waterbird nesting and reproductive success at restoration pond SF2, south San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1223, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141223.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060374","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141223.jpg"},{"id":295955,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1223/"},{"id":295972,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1223/pdf/ofr2014-1223.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 37.759858513184625\n ],\n [\n -122.23114013671875,\n 37.76420119453823\n ],\n [\n -121.92352294921874,\n 37.45523781879053\n ],\n [\n -122.01690673828124,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.612055711412815\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 37.759858513184625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251ae4b0ba83040c6a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. mherzog@usgs.gov","contributorId":3965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark P.","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, Christopher A. chartman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Christopher","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}