{"pageNumber":"690","pageRowStart":"17225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46666,"records":[{"id":70035753,"text":"70035753 - 2011 - Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T11:06:38","indexId":"70035753","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model","docAbstract":"In August 2008 an unmonitored, largely unstudied Aleutian volcano, Kasatochi, erupted catastrophically. Here we use seismic data to infer the height of large eruptive columns such as those of Kasatochi based on a combination of existing fluid and solid mechanical models. In so doing, we propose a connection between a common, observable, short-period seismic wave amplitude to the physics of an eruptive column. To construct a combined model, we estimate the mass ejection rate of material from the vent on the basis of the plume height, assuming that the height is controlled by thermal buoyancy for a continuous plume. Using the estimated mass ejection rate, we then derive the equivalent vertical force on the Earth through a momentum balance. Finally, we calculate the far-field surface waves resulting from the vertical force. The model performs well for recent eruptions of Kasatochi and Augustine volcanoes if v, the velocity of material exiting the vent, is 120-230 m s-1. The consistency between the seismically inferred and measured plume heights indicates that in these cases the far-field ~1 s seismic energy radiated by fluctuating flow in the volcanic jet during the eruption is a useful indicator of overall mass ejection rates. Thus, use of the model holds promise for characterizing eruptions and evaluating ash hazards to aircraft in real time on the basis of far-field short-period seismic data. This study emphasizes the need for better measurements of eruptive plume heights and a more detailed understanding of the full spectrum of seismic energy radiated coeruptively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007620","isbn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., and Brodsky, E.E., 2011, Volcanic plume height measured by seismic waves based on a mechanical model: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"B01306","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475203,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007620","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216077,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007620"},{"id":243919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2fee4b08c986b32aec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":452195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodsky, Emily E.","contributorId":29660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035805,"text":"70035805 - 2011 - Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T16:55:51.12492","indexId":"70035805","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory","docAbstract":"Carbonate mud is a major constituent of recent marine carbonate sediments and of ancient limestones, which contain unique records of changes in ocean chemistry and climate shifts in the geological past. However, the origin of carbonate mud is controversial and often problematic to resolve. Here we show that tropical marine fish produce and excrete various forms of precipitated (nonskeletal) calcium carbonate from their guts (“low” and “high” Mg-calcite and aragonite), but that very fine-grained (mostly < 2 μm) high Mg-calcite crystallites (i.e., ![\"Embedded](\"https://www.pnas.org/sites/default/files/highwire/pnas/108/10/3865/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif\")
MgCO3) are their dominant excretory product. Crystallites from fish are morphologically diverse and species-specific, but all are unique relative to previously known biogenic and abiotic sources of carbonate within open marine systems. Using site specific fish biomass and carbonate excretion rate data we estimate that fish produce ∼6.1 × 106 kg CaCO3/year across the Bahamian archipelago, all as mud-grade (the < 63 μm fraction) carbonate and thus as a potential sediment constituent. Estimated contributions from fish to total carbonate mud production average ∼14% overall, and exceed 70% in specific habitats. Critically, we also document the widespread presence of these distinctive fish-derived carbonates in the finest sediment fractions from all habitat types in the Bahamas, demonstrating that these carbonates have direct relevance to contemporary carbonate sediment budgets. Fish thus represent a hitherto unrecognized but significant source of fine-grained carbonate sediment, the discovery of which has direct application to the conceptual ideas of how marine carbonate factories function both today and in the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1015895108","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Perry, C., Salter, M., Harborne, A., Crowley, S., Jelks, H.L., and Wilson, R., 2011, Fish as major carbonate mud producers and missing components of the tropical carbonate factory: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 108, no. 10, p. 3865-3869, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015895108.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3865","endPage":"3869","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475124,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3054004","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015895108"}],"volume":"108","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1079e4b0c8380cd53ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C.T.","contributorId":82155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salter, M.A.","contributorId":66936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salter","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harborne, A.R.","contributorId":29241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harborne","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crowley, S.F.","contributorId":8696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jelks, Howard L. 0000-0002-0672-6297 hjelks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":168997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","email":"hjelks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, R.W.","contributorId":63816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035807,"text":"70035807 - 2011 - Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-10T13:23:21.211039","indexId":"70035807","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds","docAbstract":"Environmental factors—especially soil properties—have been suggested as potentially important in the transmission of infectious prion diseases. Because binding to montmorillonite (an aluminosilicate clay mineral) or clay-enriched soils had been shown to enhance experimental prion transmissibility, we hypothesized that prion transmission among mule deer might also be enhanced in ranges with relatively high soil clay content. In this study, we report apparent influences of soil clay content on the odds of prion infection in free-ranging deer. Analysis of data from prion-infected deer herds in northern Colorado, USA, revealed that a 1% increase in the clay-sized particle content in soils within the approximate home range of an individual deer increased its odds of infection by up to 8.9%. Our findings suggest that soil clay content and related environmental properties deserve greater attention in assessing risks of prion disease outbreaks and prospects for their control in both natural and production settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Research","doi":"10.1038/ncomms1203","issn":"20411723","usgsCitation":"Walter, W.D., Walsh, D., Farnsworth, M.L., Winkelman, D.L., and Miller, M., 2011, Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds: Nature Communications, v. 2, no. 1, 200, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1203.","productDescription":"200, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Northern Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91f7e4b08c986b319bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, W. David 0000-0003-3068-1073 wwalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-1073","contributorId":5083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.","email":"wwalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, D.P.","contributorId":100642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, Matthew L.","contributorId":56473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12434,"text":"USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":452517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winkelman, Dana L. 0000-0002-5247-0114 danaw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0114","contributorId":4141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkelman","given":"Dana","email":"danaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70035837,"text":"70035837 - 2011 - Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:22:24","indexId":"70035837","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data","docAbstract":"Potamogeton crispus L. (curly pondweed) is a cosmopolitan aquatic macrophyte considered invasive in North America and elsewhere. Its range is expanding and, on individual water bodies, its coverage can be dynamic both within and among years. In this study, we evaluate the use of free and low-cost satellite remote sensing data to monitor a problematic emergent macrophyte community dominated by P. crispus. Between 2000 and 2006, we acquired eight satellite images of 24,000-ha Lake Sharpe, South Dakota (USA). During one of the dates for which satellite imagery was acquired, we sampled the lake for P. crispus and other emergent macrophytes using GPS and photography for documentation. We used cluster analysis to assist in classification of the satellite imagery and independently validated results using the field data. Resulting estimates of emergent macrophyte coverage ranged from less than 20 ha in 2002 to 245 ha in 2004. Accuracy assessment indicated 82% of image pixels were correctly classified, with errors being primarily due to failure to identify emergent macrophytes. These results emphasize the dynamic nature of P. crispus-dominated macrophyte communities and show how they can be effectively monitored over large areas using low-cost remote sensing imagery. While results may vary in other systems depending on water quality and local flora, such an approach could be applied elsewhere and for a variety of macrophyte communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0537-8","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Albright, T.P., and Ode, D., 2011, Monitoring the dynamics of an invasive emergent macrophyte community using operational remote sensing data: Hydrobiologia, v. 661, no. 1, p. 469-474, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0537-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0537-8"}],"volume":"661","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5deae4b0c8380cd706a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albright, Thomas P.","contributorId":78114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ode, D.J.","contributorId":100643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ode","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035840,"text":"70035840 - 2011 - Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T19:16:51.017242","indexId":"70035840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States","docAbstract":"New invasions, better field data, and novel spatial-modeling techniques often drive the need to revisit previous maps and models of invasive species. Such is the case with the at least 10 species of Tamarix, which are invading riparian systems in the western United States and expanding their range throughout North America. In 2006, we developed a National Tamarisk Map by using a compilation of presence and absence locations with remotely sensed data and statistical modeling techniques. Since the publication of that work, our database of Tamarix distributions has grown significantly.
Using the updated database of species occurrence, new predictor variables, and the maximum entropy (Maxent) model, we have revised our potential Tamarix distribution map for the western United States. Distance-to-water was the strongest predictor in the model (58.1%), while mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the second best predictor (18.4%). Model validation, averaged from 25 model iterations, indicated that our analysis had strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.93) and that the extent of Tamarix distributions is much greater than previously thought. The southwestern United States had the greatest suitable habitat, and this result differed from the 2006 model. Our work highlights the utility of iterative modeling for invasive species habitat modeling as new information becomes available.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/064.071.0204","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Evangelista, P., Stohlgren, T.J., and Morisette, J.T., 2011, Improving national-scale invasion maps: Tamarisk in the western United States: Western North American Naturalist, v. 71, no. 2, p. 164-175, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.071.0204.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487310,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol71/iss2/4","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216467,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.071.0204"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -100.1953125,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -125.68359374999999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -125.33203125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 38.13455657705411\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3977e4b0c8380cd61922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evangelista, P.","contributorId":21903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035892,"text":"70035892 - 2011 - Characterization of the Cretaceous aquifer structure of the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:33:14.302762","indexId":"70035892","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the Cretaceous aquifer structure of the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco","docAbstract":"The aquifer of early Cretaceous age in the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin is defined by interpretation of geological drilling data of oil and hydrogeological wells, field measurement and analysis of in situ fracture orientations, and the application of a morphostructural method to identify lineaments. These analyzes are used to develop a stratigraphic–structural model of the aquifer delimited by fault zones of two principal orientations: NNE and WNW. These fault zones define fault blocks that range in area from 4 to 150 km2. These blocks correspond either to elevated zones (horsts) or depressed zones (grabens). This structural setting with faults blocks of Meskala region is in accordance with the structure of the whole Essaouira Basin. Fault zones disrupt the continuity of the aquifer throughout the study area, create recharge and discharge zones, and create dip to the units from approximately 10° to near vertical in various orientations. Fracture measurements and morphometric-lineament analyzes help to identify unmapped faults, and represent features important to groundwater hydraulics and water quality within fault blocks. The above geologic features will enable a better understanding of the behaviour and hydro-geo-chemical and hydrodynamics of groundwater in the Meskala aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.12.003","issn":"1464343X","usgsCitation":"Hanich, L., Zouhri, L., and Dinger, J., 2011, Characterization of the Cretaceous aquifer structure of the Meskala region of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 59, no. 2-3, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.12.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.12.003"}],"country":"Morocco","otherGeospatial":"Essaouira Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -8.712158203125,\n 31.306715155075167\n ],\n [\n -6.6796875,\n 31.306715155075167\n ],\n [\n -6.6796875,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -8.712158203125,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -8.712158203125,\n 31.306715155075167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e2e4b0c8380cd4bf97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanich, L.","contributorId":63643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanich","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zouhri, L.","contributorId":58117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zouhri","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinger, J.","contributorId":69788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035897,"text":"70035897 - 2011 - An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T20:04:26.516947","indexId":"70035897","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize","docAbstract":"In the lowland Maya area, pollen records provide important insights into the impact of past human populations and climate change on tropical ecosystems. Despite a long history of regional paleoecological research, few studies have characterized the palynological signatures of lowland ecosystems, a fact which lowers confidence in ecological inferences made from palynological data. We sought to verify whether we could use pollen spectra to reliably distinguish modern ecosystem types in the Maya lowlands of Central America. We collected 23 soil and sediment samples from eight ecosystem types, including upland, riparian, secondary, and swamp (bajo) forests; pine savanna; and three distinct wetland communities. We analyzed pollen spectra with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and found significant compositional differences in ecosystem types' pollen spectra. Forested sites had spectra dominated by Moraceae/Urticaceae pollen, while non-forested sites had significant portions of Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Amaranthaceae pollen. Upland, bajo, and riparian forest differed in representation of Cyperaceae, Bactris-type, and Combretaceae/Melastomataceae pollen. High percentages of pine (Pinus), oak (Quercus), and the presence of Byrsonima characterized pine savanna. Despite its limited sample size, this study provides one of the first statistical analyses of modern pollen rain in the Maya lowlands. Our results show that pollen assemblages can accurately reflect differences between ecosystem types, which may help refine interpretations of pollen records from the Maya area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Bhattacharya, T., Beach, T., and Wahl, D.B., 2011, An analysis of modern pollen rain from the Maya lowlands of northern Belize: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 164, no. 1-2, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216359,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.010"}],"country":"Belize","otherGeospatial":"Maya lowlands","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.14308,17.80832],[-89.15091,17.95547],[-89.02986,18.00151],[-88.84834,17.8832],[-88.49012,18.48683],[-88.30003,18.49998],[-88.29634,18.35327],[-88.10681,18.34867],[-88.12348,18.07667],[-88.28535,17.64414],[-88.19787,17.48948],[-88.30264,17.13169],[-88.23952,17.03607],[-88.35543,16.53077],[-88.55182,16.26547],[-88.73243,16.23363],[-88.93061,15.88727],[-89.22912,15.88694],[-89.15081,17.01558],[-89.14308,17.80832]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Belize\"}}]}","volume":"164","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f0e4b0c8380cd48540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhattacharya, T.","contributorId":96920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beach, T.","contributorId":39607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beach","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":452997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":452996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035922,"text":"70035922 - 2011 - Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T12:36:18.992308","indexId":"70035922","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US","docAbstract":"The aim of our study was to estimate forest vulnerability and potential distribution of three bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under current and projected climate conditions for 2020 and 2050. Our study focused on the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis), and pine engraver (Ips pini). This study was conducted across eight states in the Interior West of the US covering approximately 2.2 million km2 and encompassing about 95% of the Rocky Mountains in the contiguous US. Our analyses relied on aerial surveys of bark beetle outbreaks that occurred between 1991 and 2008. Occurrence points for each species were generated within polygons created from the aerial surveys. Current and projected climate scenarios were acquired from the WorldClim database and represented by 19 bioclimatic variables. We used Maxent modeling technique fit with occurrence points and current climate data to model potential beetle distributions and forest vulnerability. Three available climate models, each having two emission scenarios, were modeled independently and results averaged to produce two predictions for 2020 and two predictions for 2050 for each analysis. Environmental parameters defined by current climate models were then used to predict conditions under future climate scenarios, and changes in different species’ ranges were calculated. Our results suggested that the potential distribution for bark beetles under current climate conditions is extensive, which coincides with infestation trends observed in the last decade. Our results predicted that suitable habitats for the mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle will stabilize or decrease under future climate conditions, while habitat for the western pine beetle will continue to increase over time. The greatest increase in habitat area was for the western pine beetle, where one climate model predicted a 27% increase by 2050. In contrast, the predicted habitat of the mountain pine beetle from another climate model suggested a decrease in habitat areas as great as 46% by 2050. Generally, 2020 and 2050 models that tested the three climate scenarios independently had similar trends, though one climate scenario for the western pine beetle produced contrasting results. Ranges for all three species of bark beetles shifted considerably geographically suggesting that some host species may become more vulnerable to beetle attack in the future, while others may have a reduced risk over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Evangelista, P., Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T.J., and Young, N., 2011, Assessing forest vulnerability and the potential distribution of pine beetles under current and future climate scenarios in the Interior West of the US: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 262, no. 3, p. 307-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, 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\"}}]}","volume":"262","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd4e4b0c8380cd49a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evangelista, P.H.","contributorId":31708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, N.E.","contributorId":61264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035925,"text":"70035925 - 2011 - An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-08T17:54:47.70701","indexId":"70035925","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish","docAbstract":"The intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags (including radio and acoustic telemetry transmitters, passive integrated transponders and archival biologgers) is frequently used for conducting studies on fish. Electronic tagging studies provide information on the spatial ecology, behavior and survival of fish in marine and freshwater systems. However, any surgical procedure, particularly one where a laparotomy is performed and the coelomic cavity is opened, has the potential to alter the survival, behavior or condition of the animal which can impair welfare and introduce bias. Given that management, regulatory and conservation decisions are based on the assumption that fish implanted with electronic tags have similar fates and behavior relative to untagged conspecifics, it is critical to ensure that best surgical practices are being used. Also, the current lack of standardized surgical procedures and reporting of specific methodological details precludes cross-study and cross-year analyses which would further progress the field of fisheries science. This compilation of papers seeks to identify the best practices for the entire intracoelomic tagging procedure including pre- and post-operative care, anesthesia, wound closure, and use of antibiotics. Although there is a particular focus on salmonid smolts given the large body of literature available on that group, other life-stages and species of fish are discussed where there is sufficient knowledge. Additional papers explore the role of the veterinarian in fish surgeries, the need for minimal standards in the training of fish surgeons, providing a call for more complete and transparent procedures, and identifying trends in procedures and research needs. Collectively, this body of knowledge should help to improve data quality (including comparability and repeatability), enhance management and conservation strategies, and maintain the welfare status of tagged fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5","issn":"09603166","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Eppard, M., Murchie, K., Nielsen, J.L., and Cooke, S.J., 2011, An introduction to the practical and ethical perspectives on the need to advance and standardize the intracoelomic surgical implantation of electronic tags in fish: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9183-5"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea8ce4b0c8380cd48930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.S.","contributorId":68084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppard, M.B.","contributorId":9084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppard","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murchie, K.J.","contributorId":28097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooke, S. J.","contributorId":55645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":453166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036903,"text":"70036903 - 2011 - In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:30:54.671568","indexId":"70036903","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed detailed analysis and interpretation of available 2-D and 3-D seismic data and proposed a viable method for identifying sub-permafrost gas hydrate prospects within the gas hydrate stability zone in the Milne Point area of northern Alaska. To validate the predictions of the USGS and to acquire critical reservoir data needed to develop a long-term production testing program, a well was drilled at the Mount Elbert prospect in February, 2007. Numerous well log data and cores were acquired to estimate in-situ gas hydrate saturations and reservoir properties.
Gas hydrate saturations were estimated from various well logs such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), P- and S-wave velocity, and electrical resistivity logs along with pore-water salinity. Gas hydrate saturations from the NMR log agree well with those estimated from P- and S-wave velocity data. Because of the low salinity of the connate water and the low formation temperature, the resistivity of connate water is comparable to that of shale. Therefore, the effect of clay should be accounted for to accurately estimate gas hydrate saturations from the resistivity data. Two highly gas hydrate-saturated intervals are identified – an upper ∼43 ft zone with an average gas hydrate saturation of 54% and a lower ∼53 ft zone with an average gas hydrate saturation of 50%; both zones reach a maximum of about 75% saturation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Collett, T.S., 2011, In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 439-449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"449","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ],\n [\n -159.169921875,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -139.921875,\n 70.11048478105927\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 72.58082870324515\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39c2e4b0c8380cd61a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036902,"text":"70036902 - 2011 - Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T19:51:02.165658","indexId":"70036902","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope","docAbstract":"Data acquired at the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, drilled in the Milne Point area of the Alaska North Slope in February, 2007, indicates two zones of high gas hydrate saturation within the Eocene Sagavanirktok Formation. Gas hydrate is observed in two separate sand reservoirs (the D and C units), in the stratigraphically highest portions of those sands, and is not detected in non-sand lithologies. In the younger D unit, gas hydrate appears to fill much of the available reservoir space at the top of the unit. The degree of vertical fill with the D unit is closely related to the unit reservoir quality. A thick, low-permeability clay-dominated unit serves as an upper seal, whereas a subtle transition to more clay-rich, and interbedded sand, silt, and clay units is associated with the base of gas hydrate occurrence. In the underlying C unit, the reservoir is similarly capped by a clay-dominated section, with gas hydrate filling the relatively lower-quality sands at the top of the unit leaving an underlying thick section of high-reservoir quality sands devoid of gas hydrate. Evaluation of well log, core, and seismic data indicate that the gas hydrate occurs within complex combination stratigraphic/structural traps. Structural trapping is provided by a four-way fold closure augmented by a large western bounding fault. Lithologic variation is also a likely strong control on lateral extent of the reservoirs, particularly in the D unit accumulation, where gas hydrate appears to extend beyond the limits of the structural closure. Porous and permeable zones within the C unit sand are only partially charged due most likely to limited structural trapping in the reservoir lithofacies during the period of primary charging. The occurrence of the gas hydrate within the sands in the upper portions of both the C and D units and along the crest of the fold is consistent with an interpretation that these deposits are converted free gas accumulations formed prior to the imposition of gas hydrate stability conditions.
","largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Rose, K., Collett, T.S., Lee, M.W., Winters, W.J., Lewis, K.A., and Agena, W.F., 2011, Geologic controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the Mount Elbert prospect, Alaska North Slope: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 589-607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"607","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475172,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4387","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217890,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.12.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The Mount Elbert well","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ],\n [\n -159.169921875,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 67.60922060496382\n ],\n [\n -140.44921875,\n 68.26938680456564\n ],\n [\n -139.921875,\n 70.11048478105927\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 72.58082870324515\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 70.28911664330674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1943e4b0c8380cd55922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, K.","contributorId":43594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winters, William J. bwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"William","email":"bwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Agena, Warren F. wagena@usgs.gov","contributorId":3181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren","email":"wagena@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036869,"text":"70036869 - 2011 - Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T22:06:16","indexId":"70036869","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3562,"text":"The Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"We used pollen assemblages to reconstruct late-Holocene paleohydrologic patterns in floodplain deposits from the lower Roanoke River basin (North Carolina, southeastern USA). Using 120 surface samples from 38 transects, we documented statistical relationships between pollen assemblages, vegetation, and landforms. Backswamp pollen assemblages (long hydroperiods) are dominated by Nyssa (tupelo) and Taxodium (cypress) and have high pollen concentrations. Sediments from elevated levees and seasonally flooded forests (shorter hydroperiods) are characterized by dominant Pinus (pine) pollen, variable abundance of hardwood taxa, and low pollen concentrations. We apply the calibration data set to interpret past vegetation and paleohydrology. Pollen from a radiocarbon-dated sediment core collected in a tupelo-cypress backswamp indicates centennial-scale fluctuations in forest composition during the last 2400 years. Backswamp vegetation has occupied the site since land clearance began ~300 years ago. Recent dam emplacement affected sedimentation rates, but vegetation changes are small compared with those caused by pre-Colonial climate variability. The occurrence of wetter conditions from ~2200 to 1800 cal. yr BP, ~1100 to 750 cal. yr BP, and ~400 to 250 cal. yr BP may indicate changes in cyclonic circulation patterns related to shifts in the position of the Bermuda High and jet stream.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1177/0959683610378876","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Willard, D., Bernhardt, C., Brown, R., Landacre, B., and Townsend, P., 2011, Development and application of a pollen-based paleohydrologic reconstruction from the lower Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina, USA: The Holocene, v. 21, no. 2, p. 305-317, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610378876.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683610378876"},{"id":245801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0019e4b0c8380cd4f5b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, C. 0000-0003-0082-4731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":104307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landacre, B.","contributorId":11037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landacre","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Townsend, P.","contributorId":83366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036865,"text":"70036865 - 2011 - Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:04:37.819215","indexId":"70036865","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India","docAbstract":"During the India National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 in 2006 significant sand and gas hydrate were recovered at Site NGHP-01-15 within the Krishna–Godavari Basin, East Coast off India. At the drill site NGHP-01-15, a 5–8 m thick interval was found that is characterized by higher sand content than anywhere else at the site and within the KG Basin. Gas hydrate concentrations were determined to be 20–40% of the pore volume using wire-line electrical resistivity data as well as core-derived pore-fluid freshening trends. The gas hydrate-bearing interval was linked to a prominent seismic reflection observed in the 3D seismic data. This reflection event, mapped for about 1 km2 south of the drill site, is bound by a fault at its northern limit that may act as migration conduit for free gas to enter the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) and subsequently charge the sand-rich layer. On 3D and additional regional 2D seismic data a prominent channel system was imaged mainly by using the seismic instantaneous amplitude attribute. The channel can be clearly identified by changes in the seismic character of the channel fill (sand-rich) and pronounced levees (less sand content than in the fill, but higher than in surrounding mud-dominated sediments). The entire channel sequence (channel fill and levees) has been subsequently covered and back-filled with a more mud-prone sediment sequence. Where the levees intersect the base of the GHSZ, their reflection strengths are significantly increased to 5- to 6-times the surrounding reflection amplitudes. Using the 3D seismic data these high-amplitude reflection edges where linked to the gas hydrate-bearing layer at Site NGHP-01-15. Further south along the channel the same reflection elements representing the levees do not show similarly large reflection amplitudes. However, the channel system is still characterized by several high-amplitude reflection events (a few hundred meters wide and up to ~ 1 km in extent) interpreted as gas hydrate-bearing sand intervals along the length of the channel.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.008","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Riedel, M., Collett, T.S., and Shankar, U., 2011, Documenting channel features associated with gas hydrates in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India: Marine Geology, v. 279, no. 1-4, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217773,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2010.10.008"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Krishna–Godavari Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 80.9912109375,\n 15.114552871944115\n ],\n [\n 81.82617187499999,\n 13.66733825965496\n ],\n [\n 84.990234375,\n 15.580710739162123\n ],\n [\n 83.671875,\n 16.804541076383455\n ],\n [\n 80.9912109375,\n 15.114552871944115\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"279","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0387e4b0c8380cd50506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shankar, Ude","contributorId":80033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shankar","given":"Ude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036864,"text":"70036864 - 2011 - Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:15:21.920437","indexId":"70036864","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.","docAbstract":"During recent and future climate change, shifts in large-scale species ranges are expected due to the hypothesized major role of climatic factors in regulating species distributions. The stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that biotic interactions may act as major constraints on species distributions under more favourable growing conditions, while climatic constraints may dominate under unfavourable conditions. We tested this hypothesis for one focal tree species having three major competitors using broad-scale environmental data. We evaluated the variation of species co-occurrence patterns in climate space and estimated the influence of these patterns on the distribution of the focal species for current and projected future climates. Location: Europe. Methods: We used ICP Forest Level 1 data as well as climatic, topographic and edaphic variables. First, correlations between the relative abundance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and three major competitor species (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur) were analysed in environmental space, and then projected to geographic space. Second, a sensitivity analysis was performed using generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate where and how much the predicted F. sylvatica distribution varied under current and future climates if potential competitor species were included or excluded. We evaluated if these areas coincide with current species co-occurrence patterns. Results: Correlation analyses supported the stress-gradient hypothesis: towards favourable growing conditions of F. sylvatica, its abundance was strongly linked to the abundance of its competitors, while this link weakened towards unfavourable growing conditions, with stronger correlations in the south and at low elevations than in the north and at high elevations. The sensitivity analysis showed a potential spatial segregation of species with changing climate and a pronounced shift of zones where co-occurrence patterns may play a major role. Main conclusions: Our Results: demonstrate the importance of species co-occurrence patterns for calibrating improved species distribution models for use in projections of climate effects. The correlation approach is able to localize European areas where inclusion of biotic predictors is effective. The climateinduced spatial segregation of the major tree species could have ecological and economic consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Meier, E., Edwards, T.C., Kienast, F., Dobbertin, M., and Zimmermann, N., 2011, Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.: Journal of Biogeography, v. 38, no. 2, p. 371-382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"382","ipdsId":"IP-024915","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488972,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3436519","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -10.1953125,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n 0.703125,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n 5.712890625,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n 9.404296875,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n 14.677734375000002,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n 29.091796875,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n 29.443359375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n 26.279296875,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n 32.16796875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n 40.25390625,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n 40.25390625,\n 49.724479188712984\n ],\n [\n 33.57421875,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n 29.970703124999996,\n 51.998410382390325\n ],\n [\n 32.431640625,\n 53.64463782485651\n ],\n [\n 30.673828125,\n 55.727110085045986\n ],\n [\n 28.652343749999996,\n 56.70450561416937\n ],\n [\n 30.937499999999996,\n 60.58696734225869\n ],\n [\n 30.937499999999996,\n 64.62387720204688\n ],\n [\n 29.53125,\n 69.41124235697256\n ],\n [\n 31.289062500000004,\n 71.85622888185527\n ],\n [\n 21.09375,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n 8.0859375,\n 67.06743335108298\n ],\n [\n -12.65625,\n 60.75915950226991\n ],\n [\n -13.7109375,\n 54.36775852406841\n ],\n [\n -10.1953125,\n 36.31512514748051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, E.S.","contributorId":102713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909 tce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":2061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"tce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kienast, Felix","contributorId":9508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kienast","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dobbertin, M.","contributorId":98601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobbertin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zimmermann, N.E.","contributorId":24547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmermann","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036785,"text":"70036785 - 2011 - Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:49:44","indexId":"70036785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands","docAbstract":"Recent flood events in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have stimulated interest in modeling water storage capacities of wetlands and their surrounding catchments to facilitate flood mitigation efforts. Accurate estimates of basin storage capacities have been hampered by a lack of high-resolution elevation data. In this paper, we developed a 0.5 m bare-earth model from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and, in combination with National Wetlands Inventory data, delineated wetland catchments and their spilling points within a 196 km2 study area. We then calculated the maximum water storage capacity of individual basins and modeled the connectivity among these basins. When compared to field survey results, catchment and spilling point delineations from the LiDAR bare-earth model captured subtle landscape features very well. Of the 11 modeled spilling points, 10 matched field survey spilling points. The comparison between observed and modeled maximum water storage had an R2 of 0.87 with mean absolute error of 5564 m3. Since maximum water storage capacity of basins does not translate into floodwater regulation capability, we further developed a Basin Floodwater Regulation Index. Based upon this index, the absolute and relative water that could be held by wetlands over a landscape could be modeled. This conceptual model of floodwater downstream contribution was demonstrated with water level data from 17 May 2008.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Young, C., Feng, M., Heidemann, H.K., Cushing, M., Mushet, D., and Liu, S., 2011, Demonstration of a conceptual model for using LiDAR to improve the estimation of floodwater mitigation potential of Prairie Pothole Region wetlands: Journal of Hydrology, v. 405, no. 3-4, p. 417-426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"426","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.040"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,40.38 ], [ -120.0,60.0 ], [ -90.14,60.0 ], [ -90.14,40.38 ], [ -120.0,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"405","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe90e4b0c8380cd4edca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, S.","contributorId":18168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Caitlin","contributorId":30181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feng, M.","contributorId":18195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heidemann, Hans Karl 0000-0003-4306-359X kheidemann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-359X","contributorId":3755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidemann","given":"Hans","email":"kheidemann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cushing, Matthew 0000-0001-5209-6006","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-6006","contributorId":66101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036764,"text":"70036764 - 2011 - Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:52:16","indexId":"70036764","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","title":"Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)","docAbstract":"Soils within the impact crater Goldschmidt have been identified as spectrally distinct from the local highland material. High spatial and spectral resolution data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) on the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter are used to examine the character of Goldschmidt crater in detail. Spectral parameters applied to a north polar mosaic of M3 data are used to discern large-scale compositional trends at the northern high latitudes, and spectra from three widely separated regions are compared to spectra from Goldschmidt. The results highlight the compositional diversity of the lunar nearside, in particular, where feldspathic soils with a low-Ca pyroxene component are pervasive, but exclusively feldspathic regions and small areas of basaltic composition are also observed. Additionally, we find that the relative strengths of the diagnostic OH/H2O absorption feature near 3000 nm are correlated with the mineralogy of the host material. On both global and local scales, the strongest hydrous absorptions occur on the more feldspathic surfaces. Thus, M3 data suggest that while the feldspathic soils within Goldschmidt crater are enhanced in OH/H2O compared to the relatively mafic nearside polar highlands, their hydration signatures are similar to those observed in the feldspathic highlands on the farside.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003702","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cheek, L., Pieters, C., Boardman, J., Clark, R.N., Combe, J.#., Head, J., Isaacson, P., McCord, T.B., Moriarty, D., Nettles, J., Petro, N., Sunshine, J., and Taylor, L., 2011, Goldschmidt crater and the Moon's north polar region: Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3): Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003702.","ipdsId":"IP-024464","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003702","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":217510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003702"},{"id":245461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29a7e4b0c8380cd5ab0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheek, L.C.","contributorId":45934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheek","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pieters, C.M.","contributorId":48733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pieters","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boardman, J.W.","contributorId":106301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Combe, J. #NAME?","contributorId":37982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Combe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Head, J.W.","contributorId":67982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Isaacson, P.J.","contributorId":63236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moriarty, D.","contributorId":82953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moriarty","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nettles, J.W.","contributorId":26165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nettles","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Petro, N.E.","contributorId":18999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petro","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sunshine, J.M.","contributorId":74591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sunshine","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Taylor, L.A.","contributorId":14160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70036987,"text":"70036987 - 2011 - Successful integration efforts in water quality from the integrated Ocean Observing System Regional Associations and the National Water Quality Monitoring Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T17:09:36.700553","indexId":"70036987","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2678,"text":"Marine Technology Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Successful integration efforts in water quality from the integrated Ocean Observing System Regional Associations and the National Water Quality Monitoring Network","docAbstract":"The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) Regional Associations and Interagency Partners hosted a water quality workshop in January 2010 to discuss issues of nutrient enrichment and dissolved oxygen depletion (hypoxia), harmful algal blooms (HABs), and beach water quality. In 2007, the National Water Quality Monitoring Council piloted demonstration projects as part of the National Water Quality Monitoring Network (Network) for U.S. Coastal Waters and their Tributaries in three IOOS Regional Associations, and these projects are ongoing. Examples of integrated science-based solutions to water quality issues of major concern from the IOOS regions and Network demonstration projects are explored in this article. These examples illustrate instances where management decisions have benefited from decision-support tools that make use of interoperable data. Gaps, challenges, and outcomes are identified, and a proposal is made for future work toward a multiregional water quality project for beach water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","doi":"10.4031/MTSJ.45.1.3","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Ragsdale, R., Vowinkel, E., Porter, D., Hamilton, P., Morrison, R., Kohut, J., Connell, B., Kelsey, H., and Trowbridge, P., 2011, Successful integration efforts in water quality from the integrated Ocean Observing System Regional Associations and the National Water Quality Monitoring Network: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 45, no. 1, p. 19-28, https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.45.1.3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475200,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.1.3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9da3e4b08c986b31d981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragsdale, R.","contributorId":46343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragsdale","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vowinkel, E.","contributorId":51134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, D.","contributorId":13470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, P.","contributorId":42034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morrison, R.","contributorId":39953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kohut, J.","contributorId":105152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohut","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Connell, B.","contributorId":44013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kelsey, H.","contributorId":84556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Trowbridge, P.","contributorId":12296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trowbridge","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70036988,"text":"70036988 - 2011 - Geochemical analysis of Atlantic rim water, Carbon County, Wyoming: New applications for characterizing coalbed natural gas reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T13:09:17.614014","indexId":"70036988","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical analysis of Atlantic rim water, Carbon County, Wyoming: New applications for characterizing coalbed natural gas reservoirs","docAbstract":"Coalbed natural gas (CBNG) production typically requires the extraction of large volumes of water from target formations, thereby influencing any associated reservoir systems. We describe isotopic tracers that provide immediate data on the presence or absence of biogenic natural gas and the identify methane-containing reservoirs are hydrologically confined. Isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon and strontium, along with water quality data, were used to characterize the CBNG reservoirs and hydrogeologic systems of Wyoming’s Atlantic Rim. Water was analyzed from a stream, springs, and CBNG wells.
Strontium isotopic composition and major ion geochemistry identify two groups of surface water samples. Muddy Creek and Mesaverde Group spring samples are Ca-Mg-SO4–type water with higher 87Sr/86Sr, reflecting relatively young groundwater recharged from precipitation in the Sierra Madre. Groundwaters emitted from the Lewis Shale springs are Na-HCO3–type waters with lower 87Sr/86Sr, reflecting sulfate reduction and more extensive water-rock interaction.
To distinguish coalbed waters, methanogenically enriched d13CDIC was used from other natural waters. Enriched d13CDIC, between −3.6 and +13.3‰, identified spring water that likely originates from Mesaverde coalbed reservoirs. Strongly positive d13CDIC, between +12.6 and +22.8‰, identified those coalbed reservoirs that are confined, whereas lower d13CDIC, between +0.0 and +9.9‰, identified wells within unconfined reservoir systems
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/06301009190","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, J., Frost, C., and Sharma, S., 2011, Geochemical analysis of Atlantic rim water, Carbon County, Wyoming: New applications for characterizing coalbed natural gas reservoirs: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 95, no. 2, p. 191-217, https://doi.org/10.1306/06301009190.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Carbon 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J.F.","contributorId":41683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, C.D.","contributorId":20900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharma, Shruti","contributorId":34088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"Shruti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037017,"text":"70037017 - 2011 - The secret to successful solute-transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:33:01","indexId":"70037017","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The secret to successful solute-transport modeling","docAbstract":"Modeling subsurface solute transport is difficult—more so than modeling heads and flows. The classical governing equation does not always adequately represent what we see at the field scale. In such cases, commonly used numerical models are solving the wrong equation. Also, the transport equation is hyperbolic where advection is dominant, and parabolic where hydrodynamic dispersion is dominant. No single numerical method works well for all conditions, and for any given complex field problem, where seepage velocity is highly variable, no one method will be optimal everywhere. Although we normally expect a numerically accurate solution to the governing groundwater-flow equation, errors in concentrations from numerical dispersion and/or oscillations may be large in some cases. The accuracy and efficiency of the numerical solution to the solute-transport equation are more sensitive to the numerical method chosen than for typical groundwater-flow problems. However, numerical errors can be kept within acceptable limits if sufficient computational effort is expended. But impractically long\nsimulation times may promote a tendency to ignore or accept numerical errors. One approach to effective solutetransport modeling is to keep the model relatively simple and use it to test and improve conceptual understanding of the system and the problem at hand. It should not be expected that all concentrations observed in the field can be reproduced. Given a knowledgeable analyst, a reasonable description of a hydrogeologic framework, and the\navailability of solute-concentration data, the secret to successful solute-transport modeling may simply be to lower expectations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00764.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2011, The secret to successful solute-transport modeling: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 2, p. 144-159, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00764.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8e3e4b08c986b321f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":458985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193014,"text":"70193014 - 2011 - The LANDFIRE Total Fuel Change Tool (ToFuΔ) user’s guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T09:16:30","indexId":"70193014","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"The LANDFIRE Total Fuel Change Tool (ToFuΔ) user’s guide","docAbstract":"LANDFIRE fuel data were originally developed from coarse-scale existing vegetation type, existing vegetation cover, existing vegetation height, and biophysical setting layers. Fire and fuel specialists from across the country provided input to the original LANDFIRE National (LF_1.0.0) fuel layers to help calibrate fuel characteristics on a more localized scale. The LANDFIRE Total Fuel Change Tool (ToFu∆) was developed from this calibration process.
Vegetation is subject to constant change – and fuels are therefore also dynamic, necessitating a systematic method for reflecting changes spatially so that fire behavior can be accurately accessed. ToFuΔ allows local experts to quickly produce maps that spatially display any proposed fuel characteristics changes.
ToFu∆ works through a Microsoft Access database to produce spatial results in ArcMap based on rule sets devised by the user that take into account the existing vegetation type (EVT), existing vegetation cover (EVC), existing vegetation height (EVH), and biophysical setting (BpS) from the LANDFIRE grid data. There are also options within ToFu∆ to add discrete variables in grid format through use of the wildcard option and for subdividing specific areas for different fuel characteristic assignments through the BpS grid.
The ToFu∆ user determines the size of the area for assessment by defining a Management Unit, or “MU.” User-defined rule sets made up of EVT, EVC, EVH, and BpS layers, as well as any wildcard selections, are used to change or refine fuel characteristics within the MU. Once these changes have been made to the fuel characteristics, new grids are created for fire behavior analysis or planning. These grids represent the most common ToFu∆ output.
ToFuΔ is currently under development and will continue to be updated in the future. The current beta version (0.12), released in March 2011, is compatible with Windows 7 and will be the last release until the fall of 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"The National Interagency Fuels, Fire, & Vegetation Technology Transfer","usgsCitation":"Smail, T., Martin, C., and Napoli, J., 2011, The LANDFIRE Total Fuel Change Tool (ToFuΔ) user’s guide, 113 p.","productDescription":"113 p.","ipdsId":"IP-028229","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.frames.gov/files/2413/3347/9996/LFTFC_Users_Guide.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fde4b06e28e9c2563c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smail, Tobin tsmail@usgs.gov","contributorId":3408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smail","given":"Tobin","email":"tsmail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Charley chmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Charley","email":"chmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Napoli, Jim","contributorId":198933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Napoli","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174864,"text":"70174864 - 2011 - Inland surface water: Chapter 18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:14:08","indexId":"70174864","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NRS-80","title":"Inland surface water: Chapter 18","docAbstract":"Freshwater aquatic ecosystems include rivers and streams, large and small lakes, reservoirs, and ephemeral ponds. Wetlands are defi ned and discussed in Chapter 17 of this report. It is estimated that there are 123,400 lakes with a surface area greater than 4 ha in the United States. Most lakes, however, are smaller than 4 ha; small lakes account for the majority of lake surface area both globally and in the United States (Table 18.1; Downing et al. 2006). Th e density of lakes varies greatly by region of the country, from 8.4 lakes per 100 km2 in the upper Midwest and 7.8 lakes per 100 km2 in Florida, to much lower values in other areas of the country (e.g., mid-Atlantic, Southeast, and West <1.0 lakes per 100 km2 ) ( Eilers and Selle 1991). Th e cumulative surface area of these lakes is approximately 9.5 million ha. Th e U.S. Geologic Survey's National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD) estimates that there are approximately 1.1 million km of perennial fl owing streams in the United States. Of these about 91 percent are fi rst through fourth order (“wadeable”) (US EPA 2006).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessment of N deposition effects and empirical critical loads of N for ecoregions of the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Driscoll, C.T., and Stoddard, J., 2011, Inland surface water: Chapter 18: General Technical Report NRS-80, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022968","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38109"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578f4f2de4b0ad6235cf001e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoddard, J.L.","contributorId":75709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoddard","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70159146,"text":"70159146 - 2011 - Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T16:34:22","indexId":"70159146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"In central Idaho, Neoproterozoic stratified rocks are engulfed by the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith and by Eocene volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Challis event. Studied sections in the Gospel Peaks and Big Creek areas of west-central Idaho are in roof pendants of the Idaho batholith. A drill core section studied from near Challis, east-central Idaho, lies beneath the Challis Volcanic Group and is not exposed at the surface. Metamorphic and deformational overprinting, as well as widespread dismembering by the younger igneous rocks, conceals many primary details. Despite this, these rocks provide important links for regional correlations and have produced critical geochronological data for two Neoproterozoic glacial periods in the North American Cordillera. At the base of the section, the more than 700-m-thick Edwardsburg Formation (Fm.) contains interlayered diamictite and volcanic rocks. There are two diamictite-bearing members in the Edwardsburg Fm. that are closely related in time. Each of the diamictites is associated with intermediate composition tuff or flow rocks and the diamictites are separated by mafic volcanic rocks. SHRIMP U–Pb dating indicates that the lower diamictite is about 685±7 Ma, whereas the upper diamictite is 684±4 Ma. The diamictite units are part of a cycle of rocks from coarse clastic, to fine clastic, to carbonate rocks that, by correlation to better preserved sections, are thought to record an older Cryogenian glacial to interglacial period in the northern US Cordillera. The more than 75-m-thick diamictite of Daugherty Gulch is dated at 664±6 Ma. This unit is preserved only in drill core and the palaeoenvironmental interpretation and local stratigraphic relations are non-unique. Thus, the date for this diamictite may provide a date for a newly recognized glaciogenic horizon or may be a minimum age for the diamictite in the Edwardsburg Fm. The c. 1000-m-thick Moores Lake Fm. is an amphibolite facies diamictite in which glacial features have not been observed. However, it is part of a sedimentary cycle from unsorted siliclastic deposits to mud and carbonate deposits. Using lithostratigraphy and available geochronology, the Moores Lake Fm. is correlated with a younger succession of Cryogenian glaciogenic rocks in southeastern Idaho. Traditional correlations of Neoproterozoic rocks in the Cordillera recognize two levels of Cryogenian diamictites. The Edwardsburg and Moores Lake diamictites along the middle Cordillera fit well into the scenario of two glacial events. Because of the correlations, dates that provide ages for the diamictites in central Idaho (and corroborated in southeastern Idaho, Link & Fanning 2008) could constrain the age of correlated glaciogenic deposits elsewhere in the Cordillera. However, in the absence of dates for the glaciogenic diamictites in Canadian and southern US Cordilleran sections, the correlations are considered possible but uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Evans, K.V., and Alienikoff, J.N., 2011, Chapter 39 The Edwardsburg Formation and related rocks, Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho, USA: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 36, p. 437-448.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"448","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Central Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -116.96044921875,\n 44.18220395771566\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -116.78466796875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 46.17983040759436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce57e4b06217fc478acd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alienikoff, John N.","contributorId":85078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alienikoff","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033884,"text":"70033884 - 2011 - Calibration of models using groundwater age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T17:06:03","indexId":"70033884","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration of models using groundwater age","docAbstract":"There have been substantial efforts recently by geochemists to determine the age of groundwater (time since water entered the system) and its uncertainty, and by hydrologists to use these data to help calibrate groundwater models. This essay discusses the calibration of models using groundwater age, with conclusions that emphasize what is practical given current limitations rather than theoretical possibilities.","language":"English, French","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W.E., 2011, Calibration of models using groundwater age: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 13-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0637-6.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f316e4b0c8380cd4b5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192887,"text":"70192887 - 2011 - The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-12T18:09:25","indexId":"70192887","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference","docAbstract":"Many physicochemical factors potentially impair stream ecosystems in urbanizing basins, but few studies have evaluated their relative importance simultaneously, especially in different environmental settings. We used data collected in 25 to 30 streams along a gradient of urbanization in each of 6 metropolitan areas (MAs) to evaluate the relative importance of 11 physicochemical factors on the condition of algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. For each assemblage, biological condition was quantified using 2 separate metrics, nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination site scores and the ratio of observed/expected taxa, both derived in previous studies. Separate linear regression models with 1 or 2 factors as predictors were developed for each MA and assemblage metric. Model parsimony was evaluated based on Akaike’s Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc) and Akaike weights, and variable importance was estimated by summing the Akaike weights across models containing each stressor variable. Few of the factors were strongly correlated (Pearson |r| > 0.7) within MAs. Physicochemical factors explained 17 to 81% of variance in biological condition. Most (92 of 118) of the most plausible models contained 2 predictors, and generally more variance could be explained by the additive effects of 2 factors than by any single factor alone. None of the factors evaluated was universally important for all MAs or biological assemblages. The relative importance of factors varied for different measures of biological condition, biological assemblages, and MA. Our results suggest that the suite of physicochemical factors affecting urban stream ecosystems varies across broad geographic areas, along gradients of urban intensity, and among basins within single MAs.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1899/10-131.1","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., and Bryant, W., 2011, The relative importance of physicochemical factors to stream biological condition in urbanizing basins: Evidence from multimodel inference: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 154-166, https://doi.org/10.1899/10-131.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-011790","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/10-131.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a096bb3e4b09af898c94155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, Wade L. Jr. wbbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Wade L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"wbbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046616,"text":"70046616 - 2011 - Water sample locations for Fanno Creek, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:03:30","indexId":"70046616","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water sample locations for Fanno Creek, Oregon","docAbstract":"Fanno Creek is a tributary to the Tualatin River and flows though parts of the southwest Portland metropolitan area. The stream is heavily influenced by urban runoff and shows characteristic flashy streamflow and poor water quality commonly associated with urban streams. This data set represents the locations where water-quality samples were collected.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046616","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., 2011, Water sample locations for Fanno Creek, Oregon, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046616.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273761,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/fannoCk_water_samples.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.351779,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,55.265926 ], [ -109.448056,39.745375 ], [ -129.351779,39.745375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff9e4b0ee1529ed3d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437 ssobie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","email":"ssobie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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