Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, WA 98402
Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus are facing severe population declines, yet little is known about juvenile lamprey passage, life history, or adult return rates because until now, these small fish could not be tagged for unique identification of live individuals. Previously, we developed a simple and effective method for tagging juvenile lampreys with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and showed that tagging per se did not affect survival. Mortality in tagged and untagged control fish, however, was frequently associated with fungal infection. In this study, we addressed two outstanding issues related to handling and tagging juvenile lampreys. First, we tried to mitigate freshwater fungal infections by reducing irritation and stress from anesthesia and by treating tagged fish briefly with a prophylactic immediately after tagging. We tested four anesthetics at three concentrations each and determined that 100 mg/L MS-222 and 60 mg/L BENZOAK® (benzocaine) were the most effective for anesthetizing juvenile lampreys to handleable while minimizing irritation. We also showed that fish anesthetized with BENZOAK® may have lower rates of fungal infection than those anesthetized with MS-222 or AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol). When fish anesthetized with MS-222 or BENZOAK® were given a 30 min prophylactic treatment with Stress Coat®, hydrogen peroxide, or salt immediately after tagging, few fish presented with fungal infections. However, untreated, tagged control fish also showed few fungal infections, making it difficult to determine if the prophylactic treatments were successful. The second question we addressed was whether activity would increase tag loss in PIT-tagged lampreys. We found that active swimming did not cause tag loss if fish were first held for 20–24 h after tagging. Therefore, we recommend anesthesia with MS-222 or BENZOAK® and then tagging with a 20–24 h recovery period followed by immediate release. If field studies show that lampreys are not reaching salt water (where fungal infections are mitigated) within 1–2 weeks after release, further study of prophylactic treatments may be warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Christiansen, H., Gee, L., and Mesa, M., 2012, Reducing fungal infections and testing tag loss in juvenile Pacific lampreys implanted with passive integrated transponders., 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037721","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb9e4b0b13d3919a3bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christiansen, H.E.","contributorId":81717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, L.P.","contributorId":50062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044129,"text":"70044129 - 2012 - Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:38:31.792537","indexId":"70044129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":606,"text":"AAPG Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"chapter":"14","title":"Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"The southern Appalachian part of the Cambrian–Ordovician passive margin succession of the great American carbonate bank extends from the Lower Cambrian to the lower Middle Ordovician, is as much as 3.5 km (2.2 mi) thick, and has long-term subsidence rates exceeding 5 cm (2 in.)/k.y. Subsiding depocenters separated by arches controlled sediment thickness. The succession consists of five supersequences, each of which contains several third-order sequences, and numerous meter-scale parasequences. Siliciclastic-prone supersequence 1 (Lower Cambrian Chilhowee Group fluvial rift clastics grading up into shelf siliciclastics) underlies the passive margin carbonates. Supersequence 2 consists of the Lower Cambrian Shady Dolomite–Rome-Waynesboro Formations. This is a shallowing-upward ramp succession of thinly bedded to nodular lime mudstones up into carbonate mud-mound facies, overlain by lowstand quartzose carbonates, and then a rimmed shelf succession capped by highly cyclic regressive carbonates and red beds (Rome-Waynesboro Formations). Foreslope facies include megabreccias, grainstone, and thin-bedded carbonate turbidites and deep-water rhythmites. Supersequence 3 rests on a major unconformity and consists of a Middle Cambrian differentiated rimmed shelf carbonate with highly cyclic facies (Elbrook Formation) extending in from the rim and passing via an oolitic ramp into a large structurally controlled intrashelf basin (Conasauga Shale). Filling of the intrashelf basin caused widespread deposition of thin quartz sandstones at the base of supersequence 4, overlain by widespread cyclic carbonates (Upper Cambrian lower Knox Group Copper Ridge Dolomite in the south; Conococheague Formation in the north). Supersequence 5 (Lower Ordovician upper Knox in the south; Lower to Middle Ordovician Beekmantown Group in the north) has a basal quartz sandstone-prone unit, overlain by cyclic ramp carbonates, that grade downdip into thrombolite grainstone and then storm-deposited deep-ramp carbonates. Passive margin deposition was terminated by arc-continent collision when the shelf was uplifted over a peripheral bulge while global sea levels were falling, resulting in the major 0- to 10-m.y. Knox–Beekmantown unconformity. The supersequences and sequences appear to relate to regionally traceable eustatic sea level cycles on which were superimposed high-frequency Milankovitch sea level cycles that formed the parasequences under global greenhouse conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/13331499M980271","usgsCitation":"Read, J.F., and Repetski, J.E., 2012, Cambrian-lower Middle Ordovician passive carbonate margin, southern Appalachians, chap. 14 of The great American carbonate bank: The geology and economic resources of the Cambrian-Ordovician Sauk megasequence of Laurentia: AAPG Memoir, v. 98, p. 357-382, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331499M980271.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043201","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoir98/CHAPTER14/CHAPTER14.HTM"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -85.49560546875,\n 36.28856319836237\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -85.26489257812499,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -81.595458984375,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -78.233642578125,\n 38.11727165830543\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e64d8e4b00154e4368b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, J. Fred","contributorId":50068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Read","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[{"id":12594,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032353,"text":"70032353 - 2012 - Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T18:30:20.286568","indexId":"70032353","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study","docAbstract":"Coastal vegetation of South Florida typically comprises salinity-tolerant mangroves bordering salinity-intolerant hardwood hammocks and fresh water marshes. Two primary ecological factors appear to influence the maintenance of mangrove/hammock ecotones against changes that might occur due to disturbances. One of these is a gradient in one or more environmental factors. The other is the action of positive feedback mechanisms, in which each vegetation community influences its local environment to favor itself, reinforcing the boundary between communities. The relative contributions of these two factors, however, can be hard to discern. A spatially explicit individual-based model of vegetation, coupled with a model of soil hydrology and salinity dynamics is presented here to simulate mangrove/hammock ecotones in the coastal margin habitats of South Florida. The model simulation results indicate that an environmental gradient of salinity, caused by tidal flux, is the key factor separating vegetation communities, while positive feedback involving the different interaction of each vegetation type with the vadose zone salinity increases the sharpness of boundaries, and maintains the ecological resilience of mangrove/hammock ecotones against small disturbances. Investigation of effects of precipitation on positive feedback indicates that the dry season, with its low precipitation, is the period of strongest positive feedback.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D.L., Smith, T.J., Teh, S., and Koh, H.L., 2012, Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study: Landscape Ecology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n -79.47509765625,\n 24.986058021167594\n ],\n [\n -79.47509765625,\n 26.96124577052697\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 26.96124577052697\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 24.986058021167594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9491e4b08c986b31ab80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, J.","contributorId":35439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teh, S.Y.","contributorId":22969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koh, H. L.","contributorId":44362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032287,"text":"70032287 - 2012 - Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:19:00","indexId":"70032287","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":836,"text":"Applied Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa","docAbstract":"This study develops a novel approach for projecting climate trends in the Sahel in relation to shifting livelihood zones and health outcomes. Focusing on Mali, we explore baseline relationships between temperature, precipitation, livelihood, and malnutrition in 407 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) clusters with a total of 14,238 children, resulting in a thorough spatial analysis of coupled climate-health dynamics. Results suggest links between livelihoods and each measure of malnutrition, as well as a link between climate and stunting. A ‘front-line’ of vulnerability, related to the transition between agricultural and pastoral livelihoods, is identified as an area where mitigation efforts might be usefully targeted. Additionally, climate is projected to 2025 for the Sahel, and demographic trends are introduced to explore how the intersection of climate and demographics may shift the vulnerability ‘front-line’, potentially exposing an additional 6 million people in Mali, up to a million of them children, to heightened risk of malnutrition from climate and livelihood changes. Results indicate that, holding constant morbidity levels, approximately one quarter of a million children will suffer stunting, nearly two hundred thousand will be malnourished, and over one hundred thousand will become anemic in this expanding arid zone by 2025. Climate and health research conducted at finer spatial scales and within shorter projected time lines can identify vulnerability hot spots that are of the highest priority for adaptation interventions; such an analysis can also identify areas with similar characteristics that may be at heightened risk. Such meso-scale coupled human-environment research may facilitate appropriate policy interventions strategically located beyond today’s vulnerability front-line.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.009","issn":"01436228","usgsCitation":"Jankowska, M.M., Lopez-Carr, D., Funk, C., Husak, G.J., and Chafe, Z., 2012, Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water availability, malnutrition, and livelihoods in Mali, Africa: Applied Geography, v. 33, no. 1, p. 4-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214763,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.009"},{"id":242513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64ce4b0c8380cd4c68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowska, Marta M.","contributorId":145838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jankowska","given":"Marta","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16253,"text":"Department of Geography, San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez-Carr, David","contributorId":193003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez-Carr","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husak, Gregory J.","contributorId":34435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chafe, Z.A.","contributorId":23777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafe","given":"Z.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046689,"text":"70046689 - 2012 - Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program Total Evapotranspiration Map for April to October 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-25T11:50:10","indexId":"70046689","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program Total Evapotranspiration Map for April to October 2004","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046689","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program Total Evapotranspiration Map for April to October 2004, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046689.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274146,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mosaiced_total_et_april_october_2004_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.425204,41.972926 ], [ -123.425204,43.490807 ], [ -120.483416,43.490807 ], [ -120.483416,41.972926 ], [ -123.425204,41.972926 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe3e4b0d298e5434c5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046688,"text":"70046688 - 2012 - Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program evapotranspiration map for September 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-25T11:32:59","indexId":"70046688","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program evapotranspiration map for September 2004","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046688","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement Off-Project Water Program evapotranspiration map for September 2004, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046688.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274143,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mosaic_et_september2004_kl_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.425204,41.972926 ], [ -123.425204,43.490807 ], [ -120.483416,43.490807 ], [ -120.483416,41.972926 ], [ -123.425204,41.972926 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe3e4b0d298e5434c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043410,"text":"70043410 - 2012 - Production and disposal of waste materials from gas and oil extraction from the Marcellus Shale Play in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T12:58:51","indexId":"70043410","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1559,"text":"Environmental Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production and disposal of waste materials from gas and oil extraction from the Marcellus Shale Play in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The increasing world demand for energy has led to an increase in the exploration and extraction of natural gas, condensate, and oil from unconventional organic-rich shale plays. However, little is known about the quantity, transport, and disposal method of wastes produced during the extraction process. We examined the quantity of waste produced by gas extraction activities from the Marcellus Shale play in Pennsylvania for 2011. The main types of wastes included drilling cuttings and fluids from vertical and horizontal drilling and fluids generated from hydraulic fracturing [i.e., flowback and brine (formation) water]. Most reported drill cuttings (98.4%) were disposed of in landfills, and there was a high amount of interstate (49.2%) and interbasin (36.7%) transport. Drilling fluids were largely reused (70.7%), with little interstate (8.5%) and interbasin (5.8%) transport. Reported flowback water was mostly reused (89.8%) or disposed of in brine or industrial waste treatment plants (8.0%) and largely remained within Pennsylvania (interstate transport was 3.1%) with little interbasin transport (2.9%). Brine water was most often reused (55.7%), followed by disposal in injection wells (26.6%), and then disposed of in brine or industrial waste treatment plants (13.8%). Of the major types of fluid waste, brine water was most often transported to other states (28.2%) and to other basins (9.8%). In 2011, 71.5% of the reported brine water, drilling fluids, and flowback was recycled: 73.1% in the first half and 69.7% in the second half of 2011. Disposal of waste to municipal sewage treatment plants decreased nearly 100% from the first half to second half of 2011. When standardized against the total amount of gas produced, all reported wastes, except flowback sands, were less in the second half than the first half of 2011. Disposal of wastes into injection disposal wells increased 129.2% from the first half to the second half of 2011; other disposal methods decreased. Some issues with data were uncovered during the analytical process (e.g., correct geospatial location of disposal sites and the proper reporting of end use of waste) that obfuscated the analyses; correcting these issues will help future analyses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","doi":"10.1017/S146604661200035X","usgsCitation":"Maloney, K.O., and Yoxtheimer, D.A., 2012, Production and disposal of waste materials from gas and oil extraction from the Marcellus Shale Play in Pennsylvania: Environmental Practice, v. 14, no. 4, p. 278-287, https://doi.org/10.1017/S146604661200035X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"287","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040757","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270404,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S146604661200035X"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515aac71e4b0105540728a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yoxtheimer, David A.","contributorId":53672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoxtheimer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042820,"text":"70042820 - 2012 - Physical setting and natural sources of exposure to carcinogenic trace elements and radionuclides in Lahontan Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T16:00:08","indexId":"70042820","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1219,"text":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical setting and natural sources of exposure to carcinogenic trace elements and radionuclides in Lahontan Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"In Lahontan Valley, Nevada, arsenic, cobalt, tungsten, uranium, radon, and polonium-210 are carcinogens that occur naturally in sediments and groundwater. Arsenic and cobalt are principally derived from erosion of volcanic rocks in the local mountains and tungsten and uranium are derived from erosion of granitic rocks in headwater reaches of the Carson River. Radon and 210Po originate from radioactive decay of uranium in the sediments. Arsenic, aluminum, cobalt, iron, and manganese concentrations in household dust suggest it is derived from the local soils. Excess zinc and chromium in the dust are probably derived from the vacuum cleaner used to collect the dust, or household sources such as the furnace. Some samples have more than 5 times more cobalt in the dust than in the local soil, but whether the source of the excess cobalt is anthropogenic or natural cannot be determined with the available data. Cobalt concentrations are low in groundwater, but arsenic, uranium, radon, and 210Po concentrations often exceed human-health standards, and sometime greatly exceed them. Exposure to radon and its decay products in drinking water can vary significantly depending on when during the day that the water is consumed. Although the data suggests there have been no long term changes in groundwater chemistry that corresponds to the Lahontan Valley leukemia cluster, the occurrence of the very unusual leukemia cluster in an area with numerous 210Po and arsenic contaminated wells is striking, particularly in conjunction with the exceptionally high levels of urinary tungsten in Lahontan Valley residents. Additional research is needed on potential exposure pathways involving food or inhalation, and on synergistic effects of mixtures of these natural contaminants on susceptibility to development of leukemia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.004","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., 2012, Physical setting and natural sources of exposure to carcinogenic trace elements and radionuclides in Lahontan Valley, Nevada: Chemico-Biological Interactions, v. 196, no. 3, p. 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023222","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2011.04.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lahontan Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.127414,39.463302 ], [ -119.127414,39.766719 ], [ -118.724621,39.766719 ], [ -118.724621,39.463302 ], [ -119.127414,39.463302 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"196","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e8ae4b089809dbf44b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032235,"text":"70032235 - 2012 - The influence of wave energy and sediment transport on seagrass distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:50:24","indexId":"70032235","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of wave energy and sediment transport on seagrass distribution","docAbstract":"A coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model (Delft3D) was used to simulate the water levels, waves, and currents associated with a seagrass (Zostera marina) landscape along a 4-km stretch of coast in Puget Sound, WA, USA. A hydroacoustic survey of seagrass percent cover and nearshore bathymetry was conducted, and sediment grain size was sampled at 53 locations. Wave energy is a primary factor controlling seagrass distribution at the site, accounting for 73% of the variability in seagrass minimum depth and 86% of the variability in percent cover along the shallow, sandy portions of the coast. A combination of numerical simulations and a conceptual model of the effect of sea-level rise on the cross-shore distribution of seagrass indicates that the area of seagrass habitat may initially increase and that wave dynamics are an important factor to consider in predicting the effect of sea-level rise on seagrass distributions in wave-exposed areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9435-1","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Stevens, A.W., and Lacy, J.R., 2012, The influence of wave energy and sediment transport on seagrass distribution: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 1, p. 92-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9435-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028543","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9435-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.46665954589844,\n 47.63809698933633\n ],\n [\n -122.46665954589844,\n 47.938426929481054\n ],\n [\n -122.33413696289064,\n 47.938426929481054\n ],\n [\n -122.33413696289064,\n 47.63809698933633\n ],\n [\n -122.46665954589844,\n 47.63809698933633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba786e4b08c986b32160b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. astevens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043467,"text":"70043467 - 2012 - Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T10:44:18","indexId":"70043467","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","docAbstract":"A high prevalence of intersex or testicular oocytes (TO) in male smallmouth bass within the Potomac River drainage has raised concerns as to the health of the river. Studies were conducted to document biomarker responses both temporally and spatially to better understand the influence of normal physiological cycles, as well as water quality and land-use influences. Smallmouth bass were collected over a 2-year period from three tributaries of the Potomac River: the Shenandoah River, the South Branch Potomac and Conococheague Creek, and an out-of-basin reference site on the Gauley River. The prevalence of TO varied seasonally with the lowest prevalence observed in July, post-spawn. Reproductive maturity and/or lack of spawning the previous spring, as well as land-use practices such as application of manure and pesticides, may influence the seasonal observations. Annual, seasonal, and site differences were also observed in the percentage of males with measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin, mean concentration of plasma vitellogenin in females, and plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in both sexes. Bass collected in the South Branch Potomac (moderate to high prevalence of TO) had less sperm per testes mass with a lower percentage of those sperm being motile when compared to those from the Gauley River (low prevalence of TO). An inverse relationship was noted between TO severity and sperm motility. An association between TO severity and wastewater treatment plant flow, percent of agriculture, total number of animal feeding operations, the number of poultry houses, and animal density within the catchment was observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., Henderson, H., Mazik, P.M., Jenkins, J.A., Alvarez, D., and Young, J.A., 2012, Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 184, no. 7, p. 4309-4334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4309","endPage":"4334","ipdsId":"IP-026403","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273564,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.43,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"184","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f56be4b0097a7158e5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Holly","contributorId":97805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032282,"text":"70032282 - 2012 - Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T18:14:43.237769","indexId":"70032282","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2038,"text":"International Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA","docAbstract":"Natural stream channel design principles and riparian restoration practices were applied during spring 2010 to an agriculturally impaired reach of the Cacapon River, a tributary of the Potomac River which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled from the restoration reach, two degraded control, and two natural reference reaches prior to, concurrently with, and following restoration (2009 through 2010). Collector filterers and scrapers replaced collector gatherers as the dominant macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in the restoration reach. Before restoration, based on indices of biotic integrity (IBI), the restoration reach fish and macroinvertebrate communities closely resembled those sampled from the control reaches, and after restoration more closely resembled those from the reference reaches. Although the macroinvertebrate community responded more favorably than the fish community, both communities recovered quickly from the temporary impairment caused by the disturbance of restoration procedures and suggest rapid improvement in local ecological conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","doi":"10.1155/2012/753634","issn":"16879708","usgsCitation":"Selego, S., Rose, C., Merovich, G., Welsh, S.A., and Anderson, J.T., 2012, Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA: International Journal of Ecology, v. 2012, 753634, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634.","productDescription":"753634, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474825,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cacapon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 39.626317118524305\n ],\n [\n -78.50898742675781,\n 39.385794515093885\n ],\n [\n -78.50349426269531,\n 39.32633057389337\n ],\n [\n -78.38539123535156,\n 39.4011831782916\n ],\n [\n -78.30162048339844,\n 39.51940325790628\n ],\n [\n -78.27896118164061,\n 39.57764412395192\n ],\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 39.626317118524305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80ce4b0c8380cd4ce54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selego, S.M.","contributorId":53616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selego","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, C.L.","contributorId":14654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merovich, G.T. Jr.","contributorId":17438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merovich","given":"G.T.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":217037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042829,"text":"70042829 - 2012 - MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-25T15:23:34","indexId":"70042829","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"The first versions of the widely used groundwater flow model MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh 1988) had a sure but inflexible way of handling unconfined finite-difference aquifer cells where the water table dropped below the bottom of the cell—these \"dry cells\" were turned inactive for the remainder of the simulation. Problems with this formulation were easily seen, including the potential for inadvertent loss of simulated recharge in the model (Doherty 2001; Painter et al. 2008), and rippling of dry cells through the solution that unacceptably changed the groundwater flow system (Juckem et al. 2006). Moreover, solving problems of the natural world often required the ability to reactivate dry cells when the water table rose above the cell bottom. This seemingly simple desire resulted in a two-decade attempt to include the simulation flexibility while avoiding numerical instability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","publisherLocation":"Columbia, MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R., and Feinstein, D.T., 2012, MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 5, p. 659-663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"5","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037826","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268261,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9613e4b0855fde6697ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randal J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":52861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randal J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, Daniel T. 0000-0003-1151-2530 dtfeinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-2530","contributorId":1907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dtfeinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043839,"text":"70043839 - 2012 - Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T15:17:11","indexId":"70043839","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods","docAbstract":"Shale oils generated using different laboratory pyrolysis methods have been studied using standard oil characterization methods as well as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric photoionization (APPI) to assess differences in molecular composition. The pyrolysis oils were generated from samples of the Mahogany zone oil shale of the Eocene Green River Formation collected from outcrops in the Piceance Basin, Colorado, using three pyrolysis systems under conditions relevant to surface and in situ retorting approaches. Significant variations were observed in the shale oils, particularly the degree of conjugation of the constituent molecules and the distribution of nitrogen-containing compound classes. Comparison of FT-ICR MS results to other oil characteristics, such as specific gravity; saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene (SARA) distribution; and carbon number distribution determined by gas chromatography, indicated correspondence between higher average double bond equivalence (DBE) values and increasing asphaltene content. The results show that, based on the shale oil DBE distributions, highly conjugated species are enriched in samples produced under low pressure, high temperature conditions, and under high pressure, moderate temperature conditions in the presence of water. We also report, for the first time in any petroleum-like substance, the presence of N4 class compounds based on FT-ICR MS data. Using double bond equivalence and carbon number distributions, structures for the N4 class and other nitrogen-containing compounds are proposed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy & Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ef201517a","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., Jin, J.M., and Kim, S., 2012, Molecular characterization and comparison of shale oils generated by different pyrolysis methods: Energy & Fuels, v. 26, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201517a.","numberOfPages":"32","ipdsId":"IP-033210","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268410,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201517a"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6808e4b0b29085101c5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Jang Mi","contributorId":28877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Jang","email":"","middleInitial":"Mi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, Sunghwan","contributorId":108376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Sunghwan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156874,"text":"70156874 - 2012 - Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T16:53:52","indexId":"70156874","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs","docAbstract":"Variance components may play multiple roles (cf. Cox and Solomon 2003). First, magnitudes and relative magnitudes of the variances of random factors may have important scientific and management value in their own right. For example, variation in levels of invasive vegetation among and within lakes may suggest causal agents that operate at both spatial scales – a finding that may be important for scientific and management reasons. Second, variance components may also be of interest when they affect precision of means and covariate coefficients. For example, variation in the effect of water depth on the probability of aquatic plant presence in a study of multiple lakes may vary by lake. This variation will affect the precision of the average depth-presence association. Third, variance component estimates may be used when designing studies, including monitoring programs. For example, to estimate the numbers of years and of samples per year required to meet long-term monitoring goals, investigators need estimates of within and among-year variances. Other chapters in this volume (Chapters 7, 8, and 10) as well as extensive external literature outline a framework for applying estimates of variance components to the design of monitoring efforts. For example, a series of papers with an ecological monitoring theme examined the relative importance of multiple sources of variation, including variation in means among sites, years, and site-years, for the purposes of temporal trend detection and estimation (Larsen et al. 2004, and references therein).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge; New York","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139022422.013","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., 2012, Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs, chap. of Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 200-227, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022422.013.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb71ae4b058f706e53f84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570915,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Andrew B.","contributorId":112048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570917,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Licht, Daniel S.","contributorId":113213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licht","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570918,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70146239,"text":"70146239 - 2012 - Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:41:20","indexId":"70146239","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","docAbstract":"While bulk measures of the onshore impact of a tsunami, including the maximum run-up elevation and inundation distance, are important for hazard planning, the temporal evolution of the onshore flow dynamics likely controls the extent of the onshore destruction and the erosion and deposition of sediment that occurs. However, the time-varying dynamics of actual tsunamis are even more difficult to measure in situ than the bulk parameters. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is used to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slope, and bottom roughness have on the temporal evolution of the onshore flow. Model results indicate that the onshore flow dynamics vary significantly over the parameter space examined. For example, the flow dynamics over steep, smooth morphologies tend to be temporally symmetric, with similar magnitude velocities generated during the run-up and run-down phases of inundation. Conversely, on shallow, rough onshore topographies the flow dynamics tend to be temporally skewed toward the run-down phase of inundation, with the magnitude of the flow velocities during run-up and run-down being significantly different. Furthermore, for near-breaking tsunami waves inundating over steep topography, the flow velocity tends to accelerate almost instantaneously to a maximum and then decrease monotonically. Conversely, when very long waves inundate over shallow topography, the flow accelerates more slowly and can remain steady for a period of time before beginning to decelerate. These results indicate that a single set of assumptions concerning the onshore flow dynamics cannot be applied to all tsunamis, and site specific analyses may be required.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and Jaffe, B.E., 2012, Time-dependent onshore tsunami response: Coastal Engineering, v. 64, p. 73-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031593","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0b1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Apotsos Alex, Gelfenbaum Guy, Jaffe Bruce","journalName":"Coastal Engineering","publicationDate":"6/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, Alex","contributorId":60997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157182,"text":"70157182 - 2012 - The Glen Canyon Dam adaptive management program: Progress and immediate challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T16:39:38.630228","indexId":"70157182","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Glen Canyon Dam adaptive management program: Progress and immediate challenges","docAbstract":"Adaptive management emerged as an important resource management strategy for major river systems in the United States (US) in the early 1990s. The Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (‘the Program’) was formally established in 1997 to fulfill a statutory requirement in the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act (GCPA). The GCPA aimed to improve natural resource conditions in the Colorado River corridor in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona that were affected by the Glen Canyon dam. The Program achieves this by using science and a variety of stakeholder perspectives to inform decisions about dam operations. Since the Program started the ecosystem is now much better understood and several biological and physical improvements have been achieved. These improvements include: (i) an estimated 50% increase in the adult population of endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) between 2001 and 2008, following previous decline; (ii) a 90% decrease in non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which are known to compete with and prey on native fish, as a result of removal experiments; and (iii) the widespread reappearance of sandbars in response to an experimental high-flow release of dam water in March 2008.Although substantial progress has been made, the Program faces several immediate challenges. These include: (i) defining specific, measurable objectives and desired future conditions for important natural, cultural and recreational attributes to inform science and management decisions; (ii) implementing structural and operational changes to improve collaboration among stakeholders; (iii) establishing a long-term experimental programme and management plan; and (iv) securing long-term funding for monitoring programmes to assess ecosystem and other responses to management actions. Addressing these challenges and building on recent progress will require strong and consistent leadership from the US Department of the Interior officials who guide the Program.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"River conservation and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chester, UK","doi":"10.1002/9781119961819.ch26","usgsCitation":"Hamill, J.F., and Melis, T., 2012, The Glen Canyon Dam adaptive management program: Progress and immediate challenges, chap. of River conservation and management, p. 325-338, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119961819.ch26.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"338","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023715","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Glen Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.49449348449707,\n 36.924988609754976\n ],\n [\n -111.47174835205078,\n 36.924988609754976\n ],\n [\n -111.47174835205078,\n 36.94268922503273\n ],\n [\n -111.49449348449707,\n 36.94268922503273\n ],\n [\n -111.49449348449707,\n 36.924988609754976\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb707e4b058f706e53eec","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boon, Philip J.","contributorId":147624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boon","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572179,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raven, Paul J.","contributorId":147625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raven","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572180,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Hamill, John F.","contributorId":43061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamill","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}