{"pageNumber":"6904","pageRowStart":"172575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184812,"records":[{"id":70048780,"text":"tem1020 - 1957 - Photogeologic map of the Notom-8 Quadrangle Wayne County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T09:55:27","indexId":"tem1020","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-20T14:22:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1020","title":"Photogeologic map of the Notom-8 Quadrangle Wayne County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem1020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Hemphill, W., 1957, Photogeologic map of the Notom-8 Quadrangle Wayne County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 1020, Report: 3 p.; Plate: 23.69 inches x 30.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem1020.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; Plate: 23.69 inches x 30.67 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284723,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1020/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284724,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1020/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wayne County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.125,38.250 ], [ -111.125,38.375 ], [ -111.000,38.375 ], [ -111.000,38.250 ], [ -111.125,38.250 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b3ee4b0b29085103ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemphill, W.P.","contributorId":26958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048799,"text":"tem1062 - 1957 - Preliminary geologic map of the Circle Cliffs 2NE Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:14:42","indexId":"tem1062","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-14T15:49:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1062","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Circle Cliffs 2NE Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem1062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Miller, G.A., and Cadigan, R., 1957, Preliminary geologic map of the Circle Cliffs 2NE Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 1062, Report: 1 p.; Plate: 27.77 inches x 35.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem1062.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; Plate: 27.77 inches x 35.42 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284781,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1062/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284782,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1062/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Garfield County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.366667,37.8750 ], [ -111.366667,38.0000 ], [ -111.250000,38.0000 ], [ -111.250000,37.8750 ], [ -111.366667,37.8750 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6cefe4b0b29085104de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Glen A.","contributorId":45216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadigan, Robert A.","contributorId":93514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadigan","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048785,"text":"tem1027 - 1957 - Preliminary Geologic map of the Paria Plateau NE Quadrangle, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:00:02","indexId":"tem1027","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-06T09:24:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1027","title":"Preliminary Geologic map of the Paria Plateau NE Quadrangle, Coconino County, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem1027","usgsCitation":"Petersen, R., and Phoenix, D.A., 1957, Preliminary Geologic map of the Paria Plateau NE Quadrangle, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 1027, Report: 2 p.; Plate: 31.33 inches x 31.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem1027.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Plate: 31.33 inches x 31.85 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284737,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1027/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284738,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1027/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.875,36.875 ], [ -111.875,37.000 ], [ -111.750,37.000 ], [ -111.750,36.875 ], [ -111.875,36.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6c80e4b0b29085104974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, R.G.","contributorId":35807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phoenix, D. A.","contributorId":92665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048778,"text":"tem1019 - 1957 - Photogeologic map of the Mount Ellen-5 Quadrangle, Wayne County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T09:54:58","indexId":"tem1019","displayToPublicDate":"1959-01-04T13:26:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1019","title":"Photogeologic map of the Mount Ellen-5 Quadrangle, Wayne County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem1019","usgsCitation":"Hemphill, W., 1957, Photogeologic map of the Mount Ellen-5 Quadrangle, Wayne County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 1019, Report: 3 p.; Plate: 23.48 inches x 27.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem1019.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; Plate: 23.48 inches x 27.48 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284717,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1019/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":284719,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/1019/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wayne County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.000,38.250 ], [ -111.000,38.375 ], [ -110.875,38.375 ], [ -110.875,38.250 ], [ -111.000,38.250 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b3be4b0b29085103c7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemphill, W.P.","contributorId":26958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207235,"text":"70207235 - 1957 - Notes on the structural geology of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T19:10:26.156538","indexId":"70207235","displayToPublicDate":"1957-12-31T14:33:44","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the structural geology of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two major structural and stratigraphic rock units occur in Puerto Rico: the older complex, ranging in known age from Late Cretaceous to late Paleocene or early Eocene and the middle Tertiary sequence, ranging from late Oligocene possibly to late Miocene. The former rocks are eugeosynclinal in character and are very badly faulted but for the most part apparently only moderately folded. With the exception of a large, partly low-angle thrust, the writer has not recognized evidence of strong tangential stresses. Intra-formational folding in the older complex is interpreted as caused by submarine sliding (slump structure). Except in the vicinity of the larger plutonic intrusions and in the northeastern and southwestern corners of the island, the main strike alignment of the older complex is northwestward. The plutons are roughtly concordant with the structure of the country rock and show varying degrees of differentiation. Their average composition seems to be more acidic than that of the volcanic and volcanogenetic rocks into which they are intruded. The middle Tertiary sequence is nonvolcanic, made up dominantly of calcareous marine sediments. It crops out on the north and south sides of the island and in structural troughs on the west coast. On the north coast the beds dip gently to the north, and, except for slight terracings and a flexure at the northwestern corner of the island, are not folded. The middle Tertiary sequence on the south side of the island is somewhat folded. Seismic-reflection studies of the north coast indicate, however, a pronounced northward thickening, possibly some folding, and unconformities at depth. Unconformities which may be local have also been noted at several places on the surface. Several large faults in the middle Tertiary sequence have been recognized in both the north- and south-coast belts. The pattern of master joints that is inferred in the north-coast middle Tertiary belt from topographic alignments seems to indicate (1) control by fades contacts, (2) possible downwarping associated with the sinking of an arm of the Puerto Rican Trench, and (3) tension during upwarping along the island axis. The dates of the major diastrophic events that are decipherable from the Puerto Rican data are: (1) early Tertiary (possibly late Paleocene, but more probably Eocene), when the older complex was deformed; (2) Miocene, when the middle Tertiary sequence was deformed; (3) late Pliocene and possibly early Pleistocene, when block faulting on a large scale produced the present topographic relief. Remnants of the fault scarps resulting from the latter deformation occur widely. Quaternary marine deposits and marine terraces suggest that Puerto Rico has been relatively unaffected by crustal movement at least since the late Pleistocene.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[103:NOTSGO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C.A., 1957, Notes on the structural geology of Puerto Rico: GSA Bulletin, v. 68, no. 1, p. 103-118, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[103:NOTSGO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto 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A.","contributorId":6003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207233,"text":"70207233 - 1957 - Military geology in the United States sector of the European theater of operations during World War II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-15T13:22:45.024933","indexId":"70207233","displayToPublicDate":"1957-12-31T14:26:56","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Military geology in the United States sector of the European theater of operations during World War II","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geology, which was of far-reaching importance on the Western Front of World War I, played a less spectacular role during World War II in so far as the United States armies in Europe were concerned. The U. S. Army in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) used geologists in two capacities: (1) to make staff studies at the level of Theater Headquarters, and (2) as officer personnel in a water-supply unit. In the first category, only one group of seven geologists was employed, forming part of the Information Section, Intelligence Division, Office of the Chief Engineer, ETO. The products of this group consisted largely of regional and localized terrain (trafficability) studies that ranged geographically from the Normandy invasion beaches to Czechoslovakia. Problems of water supply, sources of road material, and many other questions of a geologic nature also arose. French geologists collaborated closely with the work of the section. As the campaign progressed, the Military Geology Unit of the U. S. Geological Survey made important contributions to the geologic intelligence of Germany.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[47:MGITUS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C.A., 1957, Military geology in the United States sector of the European theater of operations during World War II: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, no. 1, p. 47-54, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[47:MGITUS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"47","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, C. A.","contributorId":6003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206668,"text":"70206668 - 1957 - Lithofacies of the salt wash member of the Morrison Formation, Colorado plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-15T06:59:33","indexId":"70206668","displayToPublicDate":"1957-12-31T06:54:03","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Lithofacies of the salt wash member of the Morrison Formation, Colorado plateau","title":"Lithofacies of the salt wash member of the Morrison Formation, Colorado plateau","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Salt Wash is the basal member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. Deposited by streams, it comprises lenticular beds of cross-laminated sandstone irregularly interbedded with mudstone, siltstone, claystone, and horizontally laminated sandstone. The term \"lithofacies,\" as used in this paper, denotes lithologic aspect. The specific lithofacies of the Salt Wash member at a given locality is determined by the thickness, proportion, and continuity of the stream and flood-plain deposits that make up the Salt Wash. Stream deposits include all rocks interpreted as deposited from moving water; flood-plain deposits include all rocks interpreted as deposited from slack water. Regional differences in lithofacies show that the Salt Wash member is a fan-shaped wedge of sedimentary rocks whose apex is in south-central Utah. Within the wedge, the thickness of the Salt Wash and the thickness, proportion, and continuity of the contained stream deposits decrease relatively uniformly to the north, northeast, and southeast of the apex. Interpretation of the regional differences in lithofacies indicates deposition by a distributary stream system whose apex was in south-central Utah and which spread sediments to the north, east, and southeast over a nearly flat plain. Irregularities on this plain near the Four Corners area and in west-central Colorado modified the distributary system, and therefore the wedge is not symmetrical. Most uranium-vanadium ore deposits in the Salt Wash member occur in a lithofacies near the center of the wedge. This may be a genetic relation and can be explained as a function of transmissibility of the particular lithofacies. The ore deposits, however, are concentrated in a relatively small part of the central lithofacies. Because local geologic features such as structure or igneous intrusions might control the localization of ore deposits in the small area, the high degree of correlation of ore deposits and a certain lithofacies may be coincidental. © 1957, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[505:LOTSWM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Mullens, T.E., and Freeman, V.L., 1957, Lithofacies of the salt wash member of the Morrison Formation, Colorado plateau: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, no. 4, p. 505-526, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[505:LOTSWM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"526","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States 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E.","contributorId":34573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullens","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, V. L.","contributorId":52958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197728,"text":"70197728 - 1957 - Franciscan group in Coast Ranges and its equivalents in Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T14:44:20.871456","indexId":"70197728","displayToPublicDate":"1957-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Franciscan group in Coast Ranges and its equivalents in Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Franciscan group is an assemblage of detrital and chemical sedimentary and volcanic rocks that crops out discontinuously in a structurally complex, northwesterly trending belt along the Coast Ranges of Cahfornia. On the east, along the west side of the Sacramento Valley, a thick section of detrital sedimentary rocks has been subdivided into the Knoxville, Paskenta, and Horsetown forma tions of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age, and several units of early Late Cretaceous age. The Sacramento Valley section represents deposition during most of the time from Late Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous. </p><p>The Franciscan group is widely held to be restricted to Late Jurassic age, the Knoxville formation to be an upper shaly phase of the Franciscan group, and the two to be overlain unconformably by detrital strata of Cretaceous age. Sparse paleontologic evidence indicates this view to be incorrect. Rather, the Franciscan group seems mainly to have been deposited contemporaneously with the Knoxville, Paskenta, Horsetown, and lower Upper Cretaceous strata, as fossils ranging from Late Jurassic to early Late Cretaceous in age have been found in the Franciscan group. The Franciscan group and strata of the Sacramento Valley section therefore may represent two fades of the same stratigraphic section. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/0BDA598D-16BD-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 1957, Franciscan group in Coast Ranges and its equivalents in Sacramento Valley, California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 41, no. 10, p. 2284-2297, https://doi.org/10.1306/0BDA598D-16BD-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2284","endPage":"2297","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coast Ranges, Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.37565386102392,\n              35.43697381907357\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.56766784450022,\n              35.756423682247146\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.26063833013268,\n              38.958627533836875\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39424444228172,\n              40.46413166128349\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.63732039385647,\n              40.748395672260216\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.58010245482978,\n              41.9121390843971\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.29984848942979,\n              41.90701007677032\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.08823796557783,\n              40.959378695262984\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.37981704914156,\n              40.314101124394995\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.85452818235751,\n              39.535918156217065\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.70880379131722,\n              38.89660014813049\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.97653408073239,\n              37.93776287592166\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39459687777702,\n              37.13215129931295\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73102873565779,\n              36.533638813884764\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.35395583583437,\n              35.41809758668549\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.37565386102392,\n              35.43697381907357\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206840,"text":"70206840 - 1957 - Chapter 22: Environments and facies of existing bays on the central Texas coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T07:33:53","indexId":"70206840","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-25T07:26:58","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 22: Environments and facies of existing bays on the central Texas coast","docAbstract":"<p><span>The estuaries and neritic waters along the central Texas coast are characterized by broad ranges of environmental factors, providing conditions favorable to temperate organisms in winter and tropical organisms in summer. Dredging in the coastal waters revealed a number of distinct faunal facies, the distribution of which appears to be controlled primarily by salinity. Characteristic assemblages are found in the following areas: closed bays, polyhaline bays, a highly saline lagoon, passes, beaches on the open Gulf, and shallow waters of the open gulf. In the closed bays three subfacies are recognized-one in the bay heads, one on the reefs, and one in the interreef areas; in the open gulf the assemblages living close to shore are differentiated from those found 2-4 miles off shore. In most stations each facies is characterized by an abundance of certain living forms. Dead shells and other skeletal parts are much more widely distributed, but many such strays may be recognized as transported elements by their rarity or by their eroded surfaces. Each group of organisms has one or more centers of maximum development in numbers of species. The Foraminifera, for example, attain their greatest development in the polyhaline bays and near the heads of passes, the ostracodes near the bay heads, mollusks in the polyhaline bays and in the Gulf, and diatoms under normal marine conditions in the Gulf. The reef assemblage of the closed bays is poor in numbers of species, but the individuals are so numerous that they form extensive deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM67V2-p599","issn":" 00721069","usgsCitation":"Ladd, H.S., Hedgpeth, J., and Post, R., 1957, Chapter 22: Environments and facies of existing bays on the central Texas coast: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 67, no. 2, p. 599-640, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM67V2-p599.","productDescription":"42 p. ","startPage":"599","endPage":"640","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Texas 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 \"}}]}","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ladd, H. S.","contributorId":95537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedgpeth, J.W.","contributorId":220860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedgpeth","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, R.J.","contributorId":60696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216357,"text":"70216357 - 1957 - Gravity prospecting for chromite deposits in Camaguey Province, Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T21:26:19.531372","indexId":"70216357","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T15:18:43","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity prospecting for chromite deposits in Camaguey Province, Cuba","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed gravity surveys were made in Camaguey Province, Cuba, as part of a systematic exploration program conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey on behalf of the General Services Administration to locate deposits of refractory-grade chromite. During the period August 4, 1954, to April 5, 1956, a total of 41,921 gravity stations were established in nine areas embracing about 11.8 square miles in the Camaguey chromite district. The results of the surveys were used in connection with information obtained in geologic investigations to guide exploratory drilling.Gravimeters with low scale constants were used in making measurements sufficiently accurate to delimit anomalies as small as 0.5 gravity unit. The measurements were made over 20 X 40 and 30 X 60 meter grids and at stations 20 and 30 meters apart, respectively, along intermediate traverses in anomalous areas. Gravity differences were determined by single observations at individual stations, observing base stations hourly, and re-observing a few stations to check drift and accuracy of measurement. About 11 percent of the stations established had to be re-run because of errors in closure, microseisms, and instrument trouble.A large number of anomalies were found and evaluated according to geology, areal extent, and gravity relief. Depths to disturbing hypothetical bodies were computed to guide drilling. Test drilling of 106 positive anomalies revealed that ten features overlie deposits of chromite and 89 occur over bodies of other dense materials. The other seven anomalies were not explained by materials found in drilling. Core drilling on five of the chromite deposits revealed about 236,000 tons of chromite. An additional estimated 12,000 tons are contained in three deposits which were not blocked out. No estimate was made of the tonnage in two small deposits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438427","usgsCitation":"Davis, W., Jackson, W., and Richter, D., 1957, Gravity prospecting for chromite deposits in Camaguey Province, Cuba: Geophysics, v. 22, no. 4, p. 848-869, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438427.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"848","endPage":"869","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","otherGeospatial":"Camaguey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.0303955078125,\n              22.131443290658808\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.7664794921875,\n              21.51951706014707\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.409423828125,\n              20.53507732696281\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9095458984375,\n              20.45789615504684\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8328857421875,\n              21.458181127146066\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.8436279296875,\n              22.253512814974744\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0303955078125,\n              22.131443290658808\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Willard E.","contributorId":8549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Willard E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Wayne H.","contributorId":15091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Wayne H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":804795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216356,"text":"70216356 - 1957 - Application of punched cards to geologic data concerning uranium deposits in sandstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T21:18:22.735488","indexId":"70216356","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T15:14:13","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of punched cards to geologic data concerning uranium deposits in sandstone","docAbstract":"<p><span>The punched card has been chosen for use in compiling the great mass of geologic data concerning uranium deposits in sandstone into permanent file. The most valuable uses of the punched-card file are as a multiple index to data and as a means of correlating different data. By using the punched card, uranium deposits in sandstone can also be compared to other metalliferous deposits in sandstone.Besides the geographic location of the deposit, about 120 different items can be punched on the sides of the card. In the center of the card more detailed data and a summary of the report are given. Although the card is designed for data on a single deposit or group of deposits, topical data on many studies such as chemistry, geobotanical prospecting, and geophysics can be summarized on the card.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.2.180","usgsCitation":"Finch, W.I., 1957, Application of punched cards to geologic data concerning uranium deposits in sandstone: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 180-191, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.2.180.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"191","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, Warren I.","contributorId":91923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70216355,"text":"70216355 - 1957 - Water Analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T21:09:43.831259","indexId":"70216355","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T15:04:22","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water Analysis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60124a001","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., and Thatcher, L.L., 1957, Water Analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 29, no. 4, p. 722-734, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60124a001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"734","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, L. L.","contributorId":23271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216354,"text":"70216354 - 1957 - Eastern and central Montana as a possible source area of uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T21:03:58.228527","indexId":"70216354","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T14:53:42","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eastern and central Montana as a possible source area of uranium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geologic settings in central and eastern Montana and in a few places in southwestern Montana are similar to the settings in areas favorable for the occurrence of uranium deposits. Several areas in Montana seem especially favorable for the occurrence of uranium.The alkalic igneous rock province of central Montana is similar to the one of the Colorado Plateau. On the basis of this analogy, certain areas in Montana, where the lithology and (or) structure are considered favorable for the occurrence of uranium, are suggested for prospecting. Seleniferous plants, similar to those that are uranium indicators on the Colorado Plateau, might be used as an aid in prospecting for uranium provided that the seleniferous shale areas are taken into account.Uranium deposits, similar to those in North and South Dakota, may be found in Cretaceous and Tertiary sandstones, lignites, and low-grade coals of eastern Montana; also, the magnetite-bearing beds of certain Cretaceoussandstones may contain fossil placer deposits of radioactive black minerals. Theoccurrence of uranium in basal conglomerates, quartzites, and sandstones in Africa and Ontario suggests that similar basal sedimentary rocks in central Montana may contain uranium.Many of the radioactivity anomalies in Montana found from the air are closely associated with the Eagle sandstone; others are associated with Precambrian basement rocks, Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary igneous rocks, or sedimentary rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. Glacial cover and lack of outcrops locally may hinder prospecting for uranium.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.3.211","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, F.C., 1957, Eastern and central Montana as a possible source area of uranium: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 211-224, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.3.211.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc502288/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":380485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Central and eastern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.21337890625,\n              48.07807894349862\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7080078125,\n              47.204642388766935\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.47753906249999,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              45.66012730272194\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.90625,\n              45.398449976304086\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.26904296874999,\n              44.26093725039923\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Frank Clarkson","contributorId":19559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Clarkson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70216353,"text":"70216353 - 1957 - A truckmounted spectrographic laboratory for use in geochemical exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T20:45:57.9405","indexId":"70216353","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T14:33:41","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A truckmounted spectrographic laboratory for use in geochemical exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>A truck-mounted spectrographic laboratory has been designed and built by the U. S. Geological Survey to investigate the feasibility of using and transporting such equipment in the field as an aid in supplying rapid on-the-spot analytical data to geochemical exploration field parties.The laboratory is housed inside a 7- X 12-foot insulated and air-conditioned van-type truck body and carries complete equipment for making qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative analyses of geological materials. The spectrograph is a fixed-position 1.5-meter grating instrument of the Wadsworth type which records a range of spectra from 2063 to 4837A in the second order on a 20-inch strip of film. Companion units are a projection type comparator-densitometer, a film processor, and other accessory equipment. Trailer-mounted motor-generators supply 230 volts d-c for the arc source unit and 115 volts a-c for lights and accessories.Since its completion in May 1955, the truck-mounted laboratory has been driven over 4,000 miles. During this travel all the equipment remained in good adjustment; the laboratory was made ready for operation in less than 2 hours after arrival at the site of a field project.Because of the large number of elements that can be determined from a single spectrogram, the truck-mounted laboratory is useful in the early stages of a geochemical exploration project to determine diagnostic suites of elements, and later, to guide the day-to-day sampling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.3.289","usgsCitation":"Canney, F.C., Myers, A., and Ward, F.N., 1957, A truckmounted spectrographic laboratory for use in geochemical exploration: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 289-306, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.3.289.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"306","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canney, Frank C.","contributorId":91251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canney","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, A.T.","contributorId":8468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, F. N.","contributorId":96254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70216352,"text":"70216352 - 1957 - Ezcurrite (2Na 2 O.5B 2 O 3 .7H 2 O), a new sodium borate from Argentina; occurrence, mineralogy, and associated minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T20:29:57.094966","indexId":"70216352","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T14:24:24","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ezcurrite (2Na 2 O.5B 2 O 3 .7H 2 O), a new sodium borate from Argentina; occurrence, mineralogy, and associated minerals","docAbstract":"<p><span>Describes ezcurrite from a pluglike deposit of recrystallized borax at the Tincalayu mine in Salta, Argentina, and attributes its origin, together with that of associated kernite which it closely resembles, to crystallization from solutions released by dehydration of borax at elevated temperatures during deformation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.4.426","usgsCitation":"Muessig, S., and Allen, R., 1957, Ezcurrite (2Na 2 O.5B 2 O 3 .7H 2 O), a new sodium borate from Argentina; occurrence, mineralogy, and associated minerals: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 426-437, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.4.426.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Tincalayu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.09899902343749,\n              -25.477992320574803\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.7474365234375,\n              -25.477992320574803\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.7474365234375,\n              -25.14031191468073\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.09899902343749,\n              -25.14031191468073\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.09899902343749,\n              -25.477992320574803\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muessig, Siegfried","contributorId":22012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muessig","given":"Siegfried","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, R.D.","contributorId":244851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216351,"text":"70216351 - 1957 - Some limitations on the possible composition of the ore-forming fluid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T20:22:26.929129","indexId":"70216351","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T14:16:24","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some limitations on the possible composition of the ore-forming fluid","docAbstract":"<p><span>The activity ratios of various important anions (S (super =) , CO&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;(super =) , SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(super =) , OH (super -) , F (super -) , and Cl (super -) ) in hydrothermal solutions at the time of deposition are evaluated using a simple thermodynamic technique. The ratios are interpreted in the light of the mineralogy of ore deposits and limits are placed on the variability of each ratio in hydrothermal solutions. All of the calculations are made for 25 degrees C and cautious extrapolation to higher temperatures seems justified; however, additional data for elevated temperatures and pressures are needed before more than approximate values may be assigned to these ratios in the ore-forming fluid.The calculated partial pressure of CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in the ore fluid is generally less than one atmosphere, which suggests that a dense CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;phase cannot be considered an important ore fluid for most deposits. The partial pressure of H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;S is usually less than 10 (super -4) atmosphere, which makes it extremely difficult to defend the theory that metals (other than the easily complexible mercury, arsenic, antimony, and perhaps gold and silver) are transported in quantity as complex sulfides or hydrosulfides. The sulfate to sulfide ratio is such that the oxidation potential at the time of deposition is defined by the following equation: Eh (in volts) = 0.22 + or - 0.04 - 0.059 pH.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.4.333","usgsCitation":"Barton, P., 1957, Some limitations on the possible composition of the ore-forming fluid: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 333-353, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.4.333.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"353","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Paul B.","contributorId":97128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70216350,"text":"70216350 - 1957 - Effects of radon in drill holes on gamma-ray logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-12T20:14:30.321964","indexId":"70216350","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T14:03:39","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radon in drill holes on gamma-ray logs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drill holes in uranium deposits in the Todilto limestone of Late Jurassic age near Grants, New Mexico, do not yield duplicate gamma-ray logs when probed at different times; some logs show equivalent uranium greatly in excess, in thickness and grade, of the chemical and laboratory radiometric analyses. Radon and its daughter products principally cause the discrepancies. Experimental work was undertaken by the writers to learn the relations of the radon to the uranium deposits and its behavior under different physical conditions. The work is based on the interpretation of about 600 gamma-ray logs, taken from 480 drill holes.Abnormally high amounts of radon, referred to here as contamination, ranged from barely detectable amounts to amounts that emitted as much radiation as ore-grade material. Most contaminated holes were in the higher-grade ore, and the contamination increased with elapsed time after drilling. Geologic conditions favorable for contamination by radon and its daughter products in drill holes are: proximity to uranium deposits and fractured or highly permeable rocks above the water table. Most drill holes can be decontaminated by blowing them out with compressed air or filling them with water. Water, however, tends to reduce the thickness-times-grade figures below the amounts determined in air.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.4.438","usgsCitation":"Hilpert, L.S., and Bunker, C.M., 1957, Effects of radon in drill holes on gamma-ray logs: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 4, p. 438-455, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.4.438.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"455","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Near Grants","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.7923583984375,\n              35.160336728130346\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.38037109375,\n              35.160336728130346\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.38037109375,\n              35.43381992014202\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.7923583984375,\n              35.43381992014202\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.7923583984375,\n              35.160336728130346\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilpert, Lowell Sinclair","contributorId":117367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilpert","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"Sinclair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunker, Carl Maurice","contributorId":77526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunker","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"Maurice","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216346,"text":"70216346 - 1957 - Occurrence of selenium in sulfides from some sedimentary rocks of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T13:37:54.138927","indexId":"70216346","displayToPublicDate":"1957-11-12T13:37:12","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of selenium in sulfides from some sedimentary rocks of the western United States","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Investigations of the minor- and trace-element content of sulfides associated with uranium ore deposits from sandstone-type deposits have shown that selenium commonly substitutes for sulfur. The Morrison formation and Entrada sandstone of Jurassic age and the Wind River formation of Eocene age seem to be seleniferous stratigraphic zones; sulfides deposited within these formations generally contain abnormal amounts of selenium. The selenium content of the pyrite, marcasite, and chalcocite is much greater than that reported in previously published data.Under the prevailing temperatures and pressures of formation of the Colorado Plateau uranium deposits the maximum amount of Se substituting for S in the pyrite structure was found to be 3 percent by weight. Ferroselite, the iron selenide (FeSe<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>), was found in two deposits on the Colorado Plateau and it was also established that galena (PbS) forms an isomorphous series with clausthalite (PbSe) in nature.During oxidation of the selenium-bearing sulfides and selenides from the Colorado Plateau and Wyoming, the selenium forms pinkish crusts of either monoclinic or hexagonal native selenium intergrown with soluble sulfates, suggesting that under \"normal\" oxidizing conditions native selenium is more stable than selenites or selenates. The above-normal selenium content of these sulfides from sedimentary rocks of Mesozoic and Tertiary age is significant. The high selenium in these sulfides is related to periods of volcanic and intrusive activity penecontemporaneous with the formation of the containing sediments.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.5.499","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., and Delevaux, M.H., 1957, Occurrence of selenium in sulfides from some sedimentary rocks of the western United States: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 499-527, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.5.499.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"527","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050213/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":380471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Western 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,{"id":70213490,"text":"70213490 - 1957 - Discussion of “Application of the modified einstein procedure for computation of total sediment load”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:50:43.190691","indexId":"70213490","displayToPublicDate":"1957-10-01T15:48:38","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of “Application of the modified einstein procedure for computation of total sediment load”","docAbstract":"<p><span>Basically, any theory consists of a set of assumptions and various conclusions which are logically derived therefrom. An assumption, as the term is to be used here, may be based on an observed fact or relationship, a definition, an undefined (but generally accepted and understood) concept; or it may be based on a postulated relationship which has not been observed and may not even be directly observable. The conclusions of a theory in the physical sciences are, of course, intended to agree with and to predict observable facts. If a theory does not thus coincide with reality, it is eminently proper to examine the assumptions and the logical structure of the theory and, if possible, to modify the assumptions or correct the logic so that the conclusions do agree with observed facts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR038i005p00768","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, K.B., and Hembree, C., 1957, Discussion of “Application of the modified einstein procedure for computation of total sediment load”: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 38, no. 5, p. 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i005p00768.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"773","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, K. B.","contributorId":240920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hembree, C. H.","contributorId":106866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hembree","given":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175777,"text":"70175777 - 1957 - Graphs of ground water levels in Minnesota through 1956","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:31:02","indexId":"70175777","displayToPublicDate":"1957-09-30T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Graphs of ground water levels in Minnesota through 1956","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department Conservation, Division of Waters","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Straka, G., and Schneider, R., 1957, Graphs of ground water levels in Minnesota through 1956: Bulletin 9, 42 p.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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,{"id":70213492,"text":"70213492 - 1957 - A definition of coal; reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:58:24.739663","indexId":"70213492","displayToPublicDate":"1957-08-01T15:56:52","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A definition of coal; reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.5.585","usgsCitation":"Schopf, J., 1957, A definition of coal; reply: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 585-586, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.5.585.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"586","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schopf, James M.","contributorId":94297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schopf","given":"James M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70213491,"text":"70213491 - 1957 - A definition of coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T20:56:10.150794","indexId":"70213491","displayToPublicDate":"1957-08-01T15:53:21","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A definition of coal","docAbstract":"<p><span>In reply to critical discussion, restates and clarifies the definition of coal given in a glossary of terms pertaining to coals, bitumens, and related carbonaceous materials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.52.5.584","usgsCitation":"Tomkeieff, S.I., 1957, A definition of coal: Economic Geology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 584-585, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.52.5.584.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"584","endPage":"585","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1957-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomkeieff, S. I.","contributorId":240921,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomkeieff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":37804,"text":"37804 - 1957 - Availability of surplus big-game animals on National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T09:22:04","indexId":"37804","displayToPublicDate":"1957-08-01T09:21:35","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"390","title":"Availability of surplus big-game animals on National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1957, Availability of surplus big-game animals on National Wildlife Refuges (Supersedes Wildlife Leaflet 341 (1952).): Wildlife Leaflet 390, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Supersedes Wildlife Leaflet 341 (1952).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd3f3e4b0824b2d177086","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221450,"text":"70221450 - 1957 - Hypothesis regarding the origin of thinolite tufa at Pyramid Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-16T13:14:30.698161","indexId":"70221450","displayToPublicDate":"1957-06-16T08:10:39","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hypothesis regarding the origin of thinolite tufa at Pyramid Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1683:HRTOOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Radbruch, D.H., 1957, Hypothesis regarding the origin of thinolite tufa at Pyramid Lake, Nevada: GSA Bulletin, v. 68, no. 12, p. 1683-1688, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1683:HRTOOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1688","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.83337402343749,\n              39.82119422647453\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2950439453125,\n              39.82119422647453\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2950439453125,\n              40.225024210604964\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83337402343749,\n              40.225024210604964\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83337402343749,\n              39.82119422647453\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radbruch, Dorothy H.","contributorId":65874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radbruch","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221359,"text":"70221359 - 1957 - Thermal waters of volcanic origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T13:23:35.475772","indexId":"70221359","displayToPublicDate":"1957-06-11T08:20:28","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal waters of volcanic origin","docAbstract":"<p>Waters of widely differing chemical compositions have been considered at least in part volcanic in origin, and are commonly associated with each other in the same area. Do any or all of these types contain volcanic components, and if so, how are the different types derived?</p><p>To determine the probable characteristics of volcanic waters, the writer has selected hot-spring groups that are particularly high in temperature and associated heat flow, are associated with late Tertiary or Quaternary volcanism, and are therefore most likely to contain some water and chemical components of direct volcanic origin. Of the different types of water that occur in these groups, one of the most common is characterized chemically by a dominance of sodium chloride.</p><p>Isotopic evidence indicates that the contribution of water of direct volcanic origin is not large and is probably no more than 5 per cent in typical sodium-chloride springs.</p><p>The compositions of volcanic waters are believed to be determined by: [1] type of magma and stage of crystallization; [2] temperature and pressure of the emanation at different stages during and after departure from the magma; [3] chemical composition, relative quantity, and depth of penetration of mixing meteoric water and water of other origin; and [4] reactions with wall rocks. Although the type of magma and its stage of crystallization are of major interest and have been emphasized in the past, the outstanding characteristics of volcanic emanations at and near the surface of the earth seem to be controlled for the most part by the other factors.</p><p>Nonvolatile compounds are slightly to highly soluble in steam at high pressure, and high-density steam has solvent properties similar to those of liquid water. In the volcanic sodium-chloride waters, the high ratio of lithium to sodium and potassium is shown to indicate that alkalies were transported as alkali halides dissolved in a dense vapor. This in turn demands a deep circulation of meteoric water for steam to condense at high pressure and for the halides to remain in solution. The depth of circulation of meteoric water in the sodium-chloride spring systems is believed to be in the order of 2 miles. Where circulation of meteoric water is shallow, the vapors rise and expand at low pressure, which does not permit transport of substances of low volatility; some type of water other than the sodium-chloride type is formed. The common volcanic sodium-chloride waters are therefore concluded to be the diluted product of high-density emanations, modified by reactions with wall rocks and by precipitation of the less soluble components.</p><p>Emanations at high temperature and relatively low pressure consist almost entirely of steam and volatile components. Their compositions are therefore relatively simple, and their ability to transport matter of low volatility is very limited.</p><p>The sodium-chloride type is probably gradational into acid-sulfate-chloride waters. There is some evidence that, under conditions not well understood, sulfur may be emitted as SO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>3</sub>, or other sulfur species of intermediate valence, rather than as H<sub>2</sub>S or S. Other major types of volcanic waters are called sodium bicarbonate, acid sulfate, and calcium bicarbonate; the first two tend to be distinct, but the calcium-bicarbonate type clearly grades into the sodium-chloride type. The writer concludes that, in general, all these are derived from the sodium-chloride waters as a result of physical environment or of reactions with wall rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1637:TWOVO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1957, Thermal waters of volcanic origin: GSA Bulletin, v. 68, no. 12, p. 1637-1658, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1637:TWOVO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1637","endPage":"1658","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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