Sediments from the Porangahau ridge, located off the northeastern coast of New Zealand, were studied to describe bacterial community structure in conjunction with differing biogeochemical regimes across the ridge. Low diversity was observed in sediments from an eroded basin seaward of the ridge and the community was dominated by uncultured members of the Burkholderiales. Chloroflexi/GNS and Deltaproteobacteria were abundant in sediments from a methane seep located landward of the ridge. Gas-charged and organic-rich sediments further landward had the highest overall diversity. Surface sediments, with the exception of those from the basin, were dominated by Rhodobacterales sequences associated with organic matter deposition. Taxa related to the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus and the JS1 candidates were highly abundant at the sulfate–methane transition zone (SMTZ) at three sites. To determine how community structure was influenced by terrestrial, pelagic and in situ substrates, sequence data were statistically analyzed against geochemical data (e.g. sulfate, chloride, nitrogen, phosphorous, methane, bulk inorganic and organic carbon pools) using the Biota-Environmental matching procedure. Landward of the ridge, sulfate was among the most significant structuring factors. Seaward of the ridge, silica and ammonium were important structuring factors. Regardless of the transect location, methane was the principal structuring factor on SMTZ communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x","issn":"01686496","usgsCitation":"Hamdan, L., Gillevet, P., Pohlman, J., Sikaroodi, M., Greinert, J., and Coffin, R., 2011, Diversity and biogeochemical structuring of bacterial communities across the Porangahau ridge accretionary prism, New Zealand: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 77, no. 3, p. 518-532, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"518","endPage":"532","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475343,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01133.x"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034fe4b0c8380cd5040b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamdan, L.J.","contributorId":30474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamdan","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillevet, P.M.","contributorId":33499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillevet","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohlman, J. W. 0000-0002-3563-4586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-4586","contributorId":38362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sikaroodi, M.","contributorId":13060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikaroodi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greinert, J.","contributorId":61668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greinert","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Coffin, R.B.","contributorId":59628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034479,"text":"70034479 - 2011 - On the use of log-transformation vs. nonlinear regression for analyzing biological power laws","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T20:46:04.466829","indexId":"70034479","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of log-transformation vs. nonlinear regression for analyzing biological power laws","docAbstract":"Power‐law relationships are among the most well‐studied functional relationships in biology. Recently the common practice of fitting power laws using linear regression (LR) on log‐transformed data has been criticized, calling into question the conclusions of hundreds of studies. It has been suggested that nonlinear regression (NLR) is preferable, but no rigorous comparison of these two methods has been conducted. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the error distribution determines which method performs better, with NLR better characterizing data with additive, homoscedastic, normal error and LR better characterizing data with multiplicative, heteroscedastic, lognormal error. Analysis of 471 biological power laws shows that both forms of error occur in nature. While previous analyses based on log‐transformation appear to be generally valid, future analyses should choose methods based on a combination of biological plausibility and analysis of the error distribution. We provide detailed guidelines and associated computer code for doing so, including a model averaging approach for cases where the error structure is uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-0538.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Xiao, X., White, E., Hooten, M., and Durham, S., 2011, On the use of log-transformation vs. nonlinear regression for analyzing biological power laws: Ecology, v. 92, no. 10, p. 1887-1894, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0538.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1887","endPage":"1894","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489034,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.26076/c731-dd92","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0538.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e0be4b0c8380cd75470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiao, X.","contributorId":82869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, E.P.","contributorId":69384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, S.L.","contributorId":94520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034468,"text":"70034468 - 2011 - How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T21:09:12.203437","indexId":"70034468","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data","docAbstract":"Aim To demonstrate how the interrelations of individual movements form large‐scale population‐level movement patterns and how these patterns are associated with the underlying landscape dynamics by comparing ungulate movements across species.
Locations Arctic tundra in Alaska and Canada, temperate forests in Massachusetts, Patagonian Steppes in Argentina, Eastern Steppes in Mongolia.
Methods We used relocation data from four ungulate species (barren‐ground caribou, Mongolian gazelle, guanaco and moose) to examine individual movements and the interrelation of movements among individuals. We applied and developed a suite of spatial metrics that measure variation in movement among individuals as population dispersion, movement coordination and realized mobility. Taken together, these metrics allowed us to quantify and distinguish among different large‐scale population‐level movement patterns such as migration, range residency and nomadism. We then related the population‐level movement patterns to the underlying landscape vegetation dynamics via long‐term remote sensing measurements of the temporal variability, spatial variability and unpredictability of vegetation productivity.
Results Moose, which remained in sedentary home ranges, and guanacos, which were partially migratory, exhibited relatively short annual movements associated with landscapes having very little broad‐scale variability in vegetation. Caribou and gazelle performed extreme long‐distance movements that were associated with broad‐scale variability in vegetation productivity during the peak of the growing season. Caribou exhibited regular seasonal migration in which individuals were clustered for most of the year and exhibited coordinated movements. In contrast, gazelle were nomadic, as individuals were independently distributed and moved in an uncoordinated manner that relates to the comparatively unpredictable (yet broad‐scale) vegetation dynamics of their landscape.
Main conclusions We show how broad‐scale landscape unpredictability may lead to nomadism, an understudied type of long‐distance movement. In contrast to classical migration where landscapes may vary at broad scales but in a predictable manner, long‐distance movements of nomadic individuals are uncoordinated and independent from other such individuals. Landscapes with little broad‐scale variability in vegetation productivity feature smaller‐scale movements and allow for range residency. Nomadism requires distinct integrative conservation strategies that facilitate long‐distance movements across the entire landscape and are not limited to certain migration corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Mueller, T., Olson, K., Dressler, G., Leimgruber, P., Fuller, T., Nicolson, C., Novaro, A., Bolgeri, M., Wattles, D.W., DeStefano, S., Calabrese, J., and Fagan, W., 2011, How landscape dynamics link individual- to population-level movement patterns: A multispecies comparison of ungulate relocation data: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 20, no. 5, p. 683-694, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"694","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00638.x"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a324ce4b0c8380cd5e6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, T.","contributorId":59271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, K.A.","contributorId":26543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dressler, G.","contributorId":78965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dressler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leimgruber, P.","contributorId":16676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leimgruber","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nicolson, C.","contributorId":31603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Novaro, A.J.","contributorId":31230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novaro","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bolgeri, M.J.","contributorId":34357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolgeri","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wattles, David W.","contributorId":25012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Calabrese, J.M.","contributorId":84594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calabrese","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fagan, W.F.","contributorId":105829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70034466,"text":"70034466 - 2011 - Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T12:30:39.312442","indexId":"70034466","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers","docAbstract":"Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to hydrochemical data has been used with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow to a limited extent, but aspects of this approach are unresolved. Previous similar approaches typically have assumed that the extreme-value samples identified by PCA represent end members. The method presented herein is different from previous work in that (1) end members were not assumed to have been sampled but rather were estimated and constrained by prior knowledge; (2) end-member mixing was quantified in relation to hydrogeologic domains, which focuses model results on major hydrologic processes; (3) a method to select an appropriate number of end members using a series of cluster analyses is presented; and (4) conservative tracers were weighted preferentially in model calibration, which distributed model errors of optimized values, or residuals, more appropriately than would otherwise be the case. The latter item also provides an estimate of the relative influence of geochemical evolution along flow paths in comparison to mixing. This method was applied to groundwater in Wind Cave and the associated karst aquifer in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. The end-member mixing model was used to test a hypothesis that five different end-member waters are mixed in the groundwater system comprising five hydrogeologic domains. The model estimated that Wind Cave received most of its groundwater inflow from local surface recharge with an additional 33% from an upgradient aquifer. Artesian springs in the vicinity of Wind Cave primarily received water from regional groundwater flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Long, A., and Valder, J., 2011, Multivariate analyses with end-member mixing to characterize groundwater flow: Wind Cave and associated aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 409, no. 1-2, p. 315-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.08.028.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"327","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Wind Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.9471435546875,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -102.9144287109375,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -102.9144287109375,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -103.9471435546875,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -103.9471435546875,\n 43.08493742707592\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60b3e4b0c8380cd71630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J.","contributorId":80023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valder, J.F.","contributorId":57295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034463,"text":"70034463 - 2011 - Landscape features influence postrelease predation on endangered black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T21:34:50.996832","indexId":"70034463","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape features influence postrelease predation on endangered black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"Predation can be a critical factor influencing recovery of endangered species. In most recovery efforts lethal and nonlethal influences of predators are not sufficiently understood to allow prediction of predation risk, despite its importance. We investigated whether landscape features could be used to model predation risk from coyotes (Canis latrans) and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) on the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We used location data of reintroduced ferrets from 3 sites in South Dakota to determine whether exposure to landscape features typically associated with predators affected survival of ferrets, and whether ferrets considered predation risk when choosing habitat near perches potentially used by owls or near linear features predicted to be used by coyotes. Exposure to areas near likely owl perches reduced ferret survival, but landscape features potentially associated with coyote movements had no appreciable effect on survival. Ferrets were located within 90 m of perches more than expected in 2 study sites that also had higher ferret mortality due to owl predation. Densities of potential coyote travel routes near ferret locations were no different than expected in all 3 sites. Repatriated ferrets might have selected resources based on factors other than predator avoidance. Considering an easily quantified landscape feature (i.e., owl perches) can enhance success of reintroduction efforts for ferrets. Nonetheless, development of predictive models of predation risk and management strategies to mitigate that risk is not necessarily straightforward for more generalist predators such as coyotes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-S-061.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Poessel, S., Breck, S., Biggins, E., Livieri, T., Crooks, K., and Angeloni, L., 2011, Landscape features influence postrelease predation on endangered black-footed ferrets: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 732-741, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-061.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"732","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216566,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-061.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4410e4b0c8380cd6680f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poessel, S.A.","contributorId":54816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poessel","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breck, S.W.","contributorId":15149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breck","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livieri, T.M.","contributorId":96910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crooks, K.R.","contributorId":81679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crooks","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Angeloni, L.","contributorId":26904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeloni","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034450,"text":"70034450 - 2011 - Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: HiRISE observations and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:46:33","indexId":"70034450","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: HiRISE observations and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results","docAbstract":"The High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been used to observe Phobos and Deimos at spatial scales of around 6 and 20 m/px, respectively. HiRISE (McEwen et al.; JGR, 112, CiteID E05S02, DOI: 10.1029/2005JE002605, 2007) has provided, for the first time, high-resolution colour images of the surfaces of the Martian moons. When processed, by the production of colour ratio images for example, the data show considerable small-scale heterogeneity, which might be attributable to fresh impacts exposing different materials otherwise largely hidden by a homogenous regolith. The bluer material that is draped over the south-eastern rim of the largest crater on Phobos, Stickney, has been perforated by an impact to reveal redder material and must therefore be relatively thin. A fresh impact with dark crater rays has been identified. Previously identified mass-wasting features in Stickney and Limtoc craters stand out strongly in colour. The interior deposits in Stickney appear more inhomogeneous than previously suspected. Several other local colour variations are also evident. Deimos is more uniform in colour but does show some small-scale inhomogeneity. The bright streamers (Thomas et al.; Icarus, 123, 536556,1996) are relatively blue. One crater to the south-west of Voltaire and its surroundings appear quite strongly reddened with respect to the rest of the surface. The reddening of the surroundings may be the result of ejecta from this impact. The spectral gradients at optical wavths observed for both Phobos and Deimos are quantitatively in good agreement with those found by unresolved photometric observations made by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP; Thomas et al.; JGR, 104, 90559068, 1999). The spectral gradients of the blue and red units on Phobos bracket the results from IMP.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.018","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Thomas, N., Stelter, R., Ivanov, A., Bridges, N., Herkenhoff, K.E., and McEwen, A.S., 2011, Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: HiRISE observations and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results: Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 13, p. 1281-1292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.018.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1292","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/170813","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"59","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953fe4b08c986b31ae19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelter, R.","contributorId":48001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivanov, A.","contributorId":8270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034449,"text":"70034449 - 2011 - Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T16:50:44.05911","indexId":"70034449","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China","docAbstract":"Responses of hydrological processes to climate change are key components in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. Understanding these responses is critical for developing appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies for sustainable water resources management and protection of public safety. However, these responses are not well understood and little long‐term evidence exists. Herein, we show how climate change, specifically increased air temperature and storm intensity, can affect soil moisture dynamics and hydrological variables based on both long‐term observation and model simulations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in an intact forested watershed (the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve) in Southern China. Our results show that, although total annual precipitation changed little from 1950 to 2009, soil moisture decreased significantly. A significant decline was also found in the monthly 7‐day low flow from 2000 to 2009. However, the maximum daily streamflow in the wet season and unconfined groundwater tables have significantly increased during the same 10‐year period. The significant decreasing trends on soil moisture and low flow variables suggest that the study watershed is moving towards drought‐like condition. Our analysis indicates that the intensification of rainfall storms and the increasing number of annual no‐rain days were responsible for the increasing chance of both droughts and floods. We conclude that climate change has indeed induced more extreme hydrological events (e.g. droughts and floods) in this watershed and perhaps other areas of Southern China. This study also demonstrated usefulness of our research methodology and its possible applications on quantifying the impacts of climate change on hydrology in any other watersheds where long‐term data are available and human disturbance is negligible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Huang, Y., Yan, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Liu, J., Meng, Z., Wang, C., Chu, G., Liu, S., Tang, X., and Liu, X., 2011, Quantifying the hydrological responses to climate change in an intact forested small watershed in Southern China: Global Change Biology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 3736-3746, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3736","endPage":"3746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216858,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02499.x"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e7e4b0c8380cd8052b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, X.","contributorId":50636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Y.","contributorId":62000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, J.","contributorId":24480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meng, Z.","contributorId":54818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wang, C.","contributorId":50689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Chu, G.","contributorId":87001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Tang, X.","contributorId":43082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Liu, Xiuying","contributorId":76529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Xiuying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70034448,"text":"70034448 - 2011 - Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:53:22","indexId":"70034448","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Spatiotemporal variations of wetland water in the Prairie Pothole Region are controlled by many factors; two of them are temperature and precipitation that form the basis of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Taking the 196 km2 Cottonwood Lake area in North Dakota as our pilot study site, we integrated PDSI, Landsat images, and aerial photography records to simulate monthly water surface. First, we developed a new Wetland Water Area Index (WWAI) from PDSI to predict water surface area. Second, we developed a water allocation model to simulate the spatial distribution of water bodies at a resolution of 30 m. Third, we used an additional procedure to model the small wetlands (less than 0.8 ha) that could not be detected by Landsat. Our results showed that i) WWAI was highly correlated with water area with an R2 of 0.90, resulting in a simple regression prediction of monthly water area to capture the intra- and inter-annual water change from 1910 to 2009; ii) the spatial distribution of water bodies modeled from our approach agreed well with the water locations visually identified from the aerial photography records; and iii) the R2 between our modeled water bodies (including both large and small wetlands) and those from aerial photography records could be up to 0.83 with a mean average error of 0.64 km2 within the study area where the modeled wetland water areas ranged from about 2 to 14 km2. These results indicate that our approach holds great potential to simulate major changes in wetland water surface for ecosystem service; however, our products could capture neither the short-term water change caused by intensive rainstorm events nor the wetland change caused by human activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Dahal, D., Young, C., Chander, G., and Liu, S., 2011, Integration of Palmer Drought Severity Index and remote sensing data to simulate wetland water surface from 1910 to 2009 in Cottonwood Lake area, North Dakota: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 115, no. 12, p. 3377-3389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3377","endPage":"3389","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.002"},{"id":244727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c88e4b0c8380cd62dff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Shengli shuang@usgs.gov","contributorId":1926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Shengli","email":"shuang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":445835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":191382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":445837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034440,"text":"70034440 - 2011 - A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70034440","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of planetary exploration, mapping has been fundamental to summarize observations returned by scientific missions. Sensor-based mapping has been used to highlight specific features from the planetary surfaces by means of processing. Interpretative mapping makes use of instrumental observations to produce thematic maps that summarize observations of actual data into a specific theme. Geologic maps, for example, are thematic interpretative maps that focus on the representation of materials and processes and their relative timing. The advancements in technology of the last 30 years have allowed us to develop specialized systems where the mapping process can be made entirely in the digital domain. The spread of networked computers on a global scale allowed the rapid propagation of software and digital data such that every researcher can now access digital mapping facilities on his desktop. The efforts to maintain planetary missions data accessible to the scientific community have led to the creation of standardized digital archives that facilitate the access to different datasets by software capable of processing these data from the raw level to the map projected one. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been developed to optimize the storage, the analysis, and the retrieval of spatially referenced Earth based environmental geodata; since the last decade these computer programs have become popular among the planetary science community, and recent mission data start to be distributed in formats compatible with these systems. Among all the systems developed for the analysis of planetary and spatially referenced data, we have created a working environment combining two software suites that have similar characteristics in their modular design, their development history, their policy of distribution and their support system. The first, the Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) developed by the United States Geological Survey, represents the state of the art for processing planetary remote sensing data, from the raw unprocessed state to the map projected product. The second, the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) is a Geographic Information System developed by an international team of developers, and one of the core projects promoted by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo). We have worked on enabling the combined use of these software systems throughout the set-up of a common user interface, the unification of the cartographic reference system nomenclature and the minimization of data conversion. Both software packages are distributed with free open source licenses, as well as the source code, scripts and configuration files hereafter presented. In this paper we describe our work done to merge these working environments into a common one, where the user benefits from functionalities of both systems without the need to switch or transfer data from one software suite to the other one. Thereafter we provide an example of its usage in the handling of planetary data and the crafting of a digital geologic map. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.008","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Frigeri, A., Hare, T., Neteler, M., Coradini, A., Federico, C., and Orosei, R., 2011, A working environment for digital planetary data processing and mapping using ISIS and GRASS GIS, in Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 11-12, p. 1265-1272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.008.","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1272","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.008"},{"id":244565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e620e4b0c8380cd47199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frigeri, A.","contributorId":85799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frigeri","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hare, T.","contributorId":34503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neteler, M.","contributorId":37989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neteler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Federico, C.","contributorId":42460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federico","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orosei, R.","contributorId":28347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orosei","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034436,"text":"70034436 - 2011 - Evaluation of ADCP apparent bed load velocity in a large sand-bed river: Moving versus stationary boat conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T12:37:14.336477","indexId":"70034436","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ADCP apparent bed load velocity in a large sand-bed river: Moving versus stationary boat conditions","docAbstract":"Detailed mapping of bathymetry and apparent bed load velocity using a boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was carried out along a 388-m section of the lower Missouri River near Columbia, Missouri. Sampling transects (moving boat) were completed at 5- and 20-m spacing along the study section. Stationary (fixed-boat) measurements were made by maintaining constant boat position over a target point where the position of the boat did not deviate more than 3 m in any direction. For each transect and stationary measurement, apparent bed load velocity (
Stream‐loading information was compiled from federal, state, and local agencies, and selected universities as part of an effort to develop regional SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models to help describe the distribution, sources, and transport of nutrients in streams throughout much of the United States. After screening, 2,739 sites, sampled by 73 agencies, were identified as having suitable data for calculating long‐term mean annual nutrient loads required for SPARROW model calibration. These sites had a wide range in nutrient concentrations, loads, and yields, and environmental characteristics in their basins. An analysis of the accuracy in load estimates relative to site attributes indicated that accuracy in loads improve with increases in the number of observations, the proportion of uncensored data, and the variability in flow on observation days, whereas accuracy declines with increases in the root mean square error of the water‐quality model, the flow‐bias ratio, the number of days between samples, the variability in daily streamflow for the prediction period, and if the load estimate has been detrended. Based on compiled data, all areas of the country had recent declines in the number of sites with sufficient water‐quality data to compute accurate annual loads and support regional modeling analyses. These declines were caused by decreases in the number of sites being sampled and data not being entered in readily accessible databases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., Schwarz, G., Robertson, D.M., and Booth, N., 2011, A multi-agency nutrient dataset used to estimate loads, improve monitoring design, and calibrate regional nutrient SPARROW models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 933-949, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00575.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n 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A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Booth, N.L.","contributorId":60815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034421,"text":"70034421 - 2011 - Potential shifts in dominant forest cover in interior Alaska driven by variations in fire severity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T15:17:23","indexId":"70034421","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential shifts in dominant forest cover in interior Alaska driven by variations in fire severity","docAbstract":"Large fire years in which >1% of the landscape burns are becoming more frequent in the Alaskan (USA) interior, with four large fire years in the past 10 years, and 79 000 km2 (17% of the region) burned since 2000. We modeled fire severity conditions for the entire area burned in large fires during a large fire year (2004) to determine the factors that are most important in estimating severity and to identify areas affected by deep‐burning fires. In addition to standard methods of assessing severity using spectral information, we incorporated information regarding topography, spatial pattern of burning, and instantaneous characteristics such as fire weather and fire radiative power. Ensemble techniques using regression trees as a base learner were able to determine fire severity successfully using spectral data in concert with other relevant geospatial data. This method was successful in estimating average conditions, but it underestimated the range of severity.
This new approach was used to identify black spruce stands that experienced intermediate‐ to high‐severity fires in 2004 and are therefore susceptible to a shift in regrowth toward deciduous dominance or mixed dominance. Based on the output of the severity model, we estimate that 39% (∼4000 km2) of all burned black spruce stands in 2004 had <10 cm of residual organic layer and may be susceptible a postfire shift in plant functional type dominance, as well as permafrost loss. If the fraction of area susceptible to deciduous regeneration is constant for large fire years, the effect of such years in the most recent decade has been to reduce black spruce stands by 4.2% and to increase areas dominated or co‐dominated by deciduous forest stands by 20%. Such disturbance‐driven modifications have the potential to affect the carbon cycle and climate system at regional to global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0896.1","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., McGuire, A.D., Hoy, E., and Kasischke, E., 2011, Potential shifts in dominant forest cover in interior Alaska driven by variations in fire severity: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2380-2396, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0896.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2380","endPage":"2396","ipdsId":"IP-022100","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f5ee4b0c8380cd7aab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, K.","contributorId":40318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoy, E.E.","contributorId":105560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kasischke, E.S.","contributorId":61201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034420,"text":"70034420 - 2011 - Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: First results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:35:54","indexId":"70034420","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3251,"text":"Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: First results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project","docAbstract":"Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) layers of 30 m percent tree cover, bare ground, other vegetation and probability of water were derived for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data sets from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project. Turnkey approaches to land cover characterization were enabled due to the systematic WELD Landsat processing, including conversion of digital numbers to calibrated top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, cloud masking, reprojection into a continental map projection and temporal compositing. Annual, seasonal and monthly WELD composites for 2008 were used as spectral inputs to a bagged regression and classification tree procedure using a large training data set derived from very high spatial resolution imagery and available ancillary data. The results illustrate the ability to perform Landsat land cover characterizations at continental scales that are internally consistent while retaining local spatial and thematic detail.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.519002","issn":"2150704X","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., Egorov, A., Roy, D.P., Potapov, P., Ju, J., Turubanova, S., Kommareddy, I., and Loveland, T., 2011, Continuous fields of land cover for the conterminous United States using Landsat data: First results from the Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) project: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 2, no. 4, p. 279-288, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.519002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216830,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.519002"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa5ae4b0c8380cd4da7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, M.C.","contributorId":69690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egorov, Alexey","contributorId":81719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egorov","given":"Alexey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, David P.","contributorId":54761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":26958,"text":"South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Potapov, P.","contributorId":39921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapov","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ju, J.","contributorId":85801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ju","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Turubanova, S.","contributorId":21375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turubanova","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kommareddy, I.","contributorId":65693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kommareddy","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":445687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034414,"text":"70034414 - 2011 - Bias-adjusted satellite-based rainfall estimates for predicting floods: Narayani Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:33:05.290244","indexId":"70034414","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2289,"text":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bias-adjusted satellite-based rainfall estimates for predicting floods: Narayani Basin","docAbstract":"In Nepal, as the spatial distribution of rain gauges is not sufficient to provide detailed perspective on the highly varied spatial nature of rainfall, satellite‐based rainfall estimates provides the opportunity for timely estimation. This paper presents the flood prediction of Narayani Basin at the Devghat hydrometric station (32 000 km2) using bias‐adjusted satellite rainfall estimates and the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM), a spatially distributed, physically based hydrologic model. The GeoSFM with gridded gauge observed rainfall inputs using kriging interpolation from 2003 was used for calibration and 2004 for validation to simulate stream flow with both having a Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of above 0.7. With the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Centre's rainfall estimates (CPC_RFE2.0), using the same calibrated parameters, for 2003 the model performance deteriorated but improved after recalibration with CPC_RFE2.0 indicating the need to recalibrate the model with satellite‐based rainfall estimates. Adjusting the CPC_RFE2.0 by a seasonal, monthly and 7‐day moving average ratio, improvement in model performance was achieved. Furthermore, a new gauge‐satellite merged rainfall estimates obtained from ingestion of local rain gauge data resulted in significant improvement in flood predictability. The results indicate the applicability of satellite‐based rainfall estimates in flood prediction with appropriate bias correction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1753-318X.2011.01121.x","issn":"1753318X","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Artan, G.A., Bajracharya, S., Gautam, D., and Tokar, S., 2011, Bias-adjusted satellite-based rainfall estimates for predicting floods: Narayani Basin: Journal of Flood Risk Management, v. 4, no. 4, p. 360-373, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2011.01121.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"360","endPage":"373","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2011.01121.x"}],"country":"Nepal","otherGeospatial":"Narayani Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.7158203125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ],\n [\n 83.43017578125,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n 86.7919921875,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n 87.0556640625,\n 28.05259082333983\n ],\n [\n 83.7158203125,\n 29.36302703778376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0d6e4b0c8380cd4a943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shrestha, M.S.","contributorId":45547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrestha","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Artan, G. A.","contributorId":50733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Artan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bajracharya, S.R.","contributorId":25387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bajracharya","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gautam, D.K.","contributorId":90568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautam","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tokar, S.A.","contributorId":67331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokar","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034411,"text":"70034411 - 2011 - Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:51:43.894857","indexId":"70034411","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling","docAbstract":"Digital hydrologic networks depicting surface‐water pathways and their associated drainage catchments provide a key component to hydrologic analysis and modeling. Collectively, they form common spatial units that can be used to frame the descriptions of aquatic and watershed processes. In addition, they provide the ability to simulate and route the movement of water and associated constituents throughout the landscape. Digital hydrologic networks have evolved from derivatives of mapping products to detailed, interconnected, spatially referenced networks of water pathways, drainage areas, and stream and watershed characteristics. These properties are important because they enhance the ability to spatially evaluate factors that affect the sources and transport of water‐quality constituents at various scales. SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW), a process‐based/statistical model, relies on a digital hydrologic network in order to establish relations between quantities of monitored contaminant flux, contaminant sources, and the associated physical characteristics affecting contaminant transport. Digital hydrologic networks modified from the River Reach File (RF1) and National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) geospatial datasets provided frameworks for SPARROW in six regions of the conterminous United States. In addition, characteristics of the modified RF1 were used to update estimates of mean‐annual streamflow. This produced more current flow estimates for use in SPARROW modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J., Wolock, D., and Terziotti, S., 2011, Digital hydrologic networks supporting applications related to spatially referenced regression modeling: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 916-932, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"916","endPage":"932","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00578.x","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0120e4b0c8380cd4fadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, J. W.","contributorId":48206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, S.E.","contributorId":6287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034410,"text":"70034410 - 2011 - Nutrient loadings to streams of the Continental United States from municipal and industrial effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T11:52:32.418992","indexId":"70034410","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient loadings to streams of the Continental United States from municipal and industrial effluent","docAbstract":"Data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Permit Compliance System national database were used to calculate annual total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads to surface waters from municipal and industrial facilities in six major regions of the United States for 1992, 1997, and 2002. Concentration and effluent flow data were examined for approximately 118,250 facilities in 45 states and the District of Columbia. Inconsistent and incomplete discharge locations, effluent flows, and effluent nutrient concentrations limited the use of these data for calculating nutrient loads. More concentrations were reported for major facilities, those discharging more than 1 million gallons per day, than for minor facilities, and more concentrations were reported for TP than for TN. Analytical methods to check and improve the quality of the Permit Compliance System data were used. Annual loads were calculated using “typical pollutant concentrations” to supplement missing concentrations based on the type and size of facilities. Annual nutrient loads for over 26,600 facilities were calculated for at least one of the three years. Sewage systems represented 74% of all TN loads and 58% of all TP loads. This work represents an initial set of data to develop a comprehensive and consistent national database of point‐source nutrient loads. These loads can be used to inform a wide range of water‐quality management, watershed modeling, and research efforts at multiple scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00576.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Maupin, M., and Ivahnenko, T., 2011, Nutrient loadings to streams of the Continental United States from municipal and industrial effluent: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 950-964, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00576.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"950","endPage":"964","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475220,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3307619","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a693ee4b0c8380cd73c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maupin, M.A.","contributorId":54433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ivahnenko, T.","contributorId":20495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivahnenko","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034409,"text":"70034409 - 2011 - The influence of irrigation water on the hydrology and lake water budgets of two small arid-climate lakes in Khorezm, Uzbekistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T12:16:48","indexId":"70034409","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of irrigation water on the hydrology and lake water budgets of two small arid-climate lakes in Khorezm, Uzbekistan","docAbstract":"Little is known regarding the origins and hydrology of hundreds of small lakes located in the western Uzbekistan province of Khorezm, Central Asia. Situated in the Aral Sea Basin, Khorezm is a productive agricultural region, growing mainly cotton, wheat, and rice. Irrigation is provided by an extensive canal network that conveys water from the Amu Darya River (AD) throughout the province. The region receives on average 10 cm/year of precipitation, yet potential evapotranspiration exceeds this amount by about 15 times. It was hypothesized that the perennial existence of the lakes of interest depends on periodic input of excess irrigation water. This hypothesis was investigated by studying two small lakes in the region, Tuyrek and Khodjababa. In June and July 2008, surface water and shallow groundwater samples were collected at these lake systems and surrounding communities and analyzed for δ2H, δ18O, and major ion hydrochemistry to determine water sources. Water table and lake surface elevations were monitored, and the local aquifer characteristics were determined through aquifer tests. These data and climate data from a Class A evaporation pan and meteorological stations were used to estimate water budgets for both lakes. Lake evaporation was found to be about 0.7 cm/day during the study period. Results confirm that the waters sampled at both lake systems and throughout central Khorezm were evaporated from AD water to varying degrees. Together, the water budgets and stable isotope and major ion hydrochemistry data suggest that without surface water input from some source (i.e. excess irrigation water), these and other Khorezm lakes with similar hydrology may decrease in volume dramatically, potentially to the point of complete desiccation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Scott, J., Rosen, M.R., Saito, L., and Decker, D., 2011, The influence of irrigation water on the hydrology and lake water budgets of two small arid-climate lakes in Khorezm, Uzbekistan: Journal of Hydrology, v. 410, no. 1-2, p. 114-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.028.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.028"}],"country":"Uzbekistan","state":"Khorezm","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.06,40.56 ], [ 60.06,42.00 ], [ 62.36,42.00 ], [ 62.36,40.56 ], [ 60.06,40.56 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"410","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad2ae4b08c986b323a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J.","contributorId":57795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saito, L.","contributorId":59402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saito","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, D.L.","contributorId":71797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034408,"text":"70034408 - 2011 - Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayorg-Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T16:29:24.219488","indexId":"70034408","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayorg-Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico","docAbstract":"The geometry of faults is usually thought to be more complicated at the surface than at depth and to control the initiation, propagation and arrest of seismic ruptures1,2,3,4,5,6. The fault system that runs from southern California into Mexico is a simple strike-slip boundary: the west side of California and Mexico moves northwards with respect to the east. However, the Mw 7.2 2010 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake on this fault system produced a pattern of seismic waves that indicates a far more complex source than slip on a planar strike-slip fault7. Here we use geodetic, remote-sensing and seismological data to reconstruct the fault geometry and history of slip during this earthquake. We find that the earthquake produced a straight 120-km-long fault trace that cut through the Cucapah mountain range and across the Colorado River delta. However, at depth, the fault is made up of two different segments connected by a small extensional fault. Both segments strike N130° E, but dip in opposite directions. The earthquake was initiated on the connecting extensional fault and 15 s later ruptured the two main segments with dominantly strike-slip motion. We show that complexities in the fault geometry at depth explain well the complex pattern of radiated seismic waves. We conclude that the location and detailed characteristics of the earthquake could not have been anticipated on the basis of observations of surface geology alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1213","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Wei, S., Fielding, E., Leprince, S., Sladen, A., Avouac, J., Helmberger, D., Hauksson, E., Chu, R., Simons, M., Hudnut, K., Herring, T., and Briggs, R., 2011, Superficial simplicity of the 2010 El Mayorg-Cucapah earthquake of Baja California in Mexico: Nature Geoscience, v. 4, no. 9, p. 615-618, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1213.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487959,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1213"}],"country":"United States, Mexico","state":"California, Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 32.20350534542368\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 32.20350534542368\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -115.71899414062499,\n 32.20350534542368\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f56e4b08c986b31e4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wei, S.","contributorId":85416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fielding, E.","contributorId":51057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leprince, S.","contributorId":70212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leprince","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sladen, A.","contributorId":9496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sladen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avouac, J.-P.","contributorId":91691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avouac","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helmberger, D.","contributorId":34282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmberger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chu, R.","contributorId":71416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Simons, M.","contributorId":14610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hudnut, K.","contributorId":92439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Herring, T.","contributorId":83288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Briggs, R.","contributorId":42061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70034406,"text":"70034406 - 2011 - Hillslope chemical weathering across Paraná, Brazil: a data mining-GIS hybrid approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T13:29:38","indexId":"70034406","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hillslope chemical weathering across Paraná, Brazil: a data mining-GIS hybrid approach","docAbstract":"Self-organizing map (SOM) and geographic information system (GIS) models were used to investigate the nonlinear relationships associated with geochemical weathering processes at local (~100 km2) and regional (~50,000 km2) scales. The data set consisted of 1) 22 B-horizon soil variables: P, C, pH, Al, total acidity, Ca, Mg, K, total cation exchange capacity, sum of exchangeable bases, base saturation, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, S, Mn, gammaspectrometry (total count, potassium, thorium, and uranium) and magnetic susceptibility measures; and 2) six topographic variables: elevation, slope, aspect, hydrological accumulated flux, horizontal curvature and vertical curvature. It is characterized at 304 locations from a quasi-regular grid spaced about 24 km across the state of Paraná. This data base was split into two subsets: one for analysis and modeling (274 samples) and the other for validation (30 samples) purposes. The self-organizing map and clustering methods were used to identify and classify the relations among solid-phase chemical element concentrations and GIS derived topographic models. The correlation between elevation and k-means clusters related the relative position inside hydrologic macro basins, which was interpreted as an expression of the weathering process reaching a steady-state condition at the regional scale. Locally, the chemical element concentrations were related to the vertical curvature representing concave–convex hillslope features, where concave hillslopes with convergent flux tends to be a reducing environment and convex hillslopes with divergent flux, oxidizing environments. Stochastic cross validation demonstrated that the SOM produced unbiased classifications and quantified the relative amount of uncertainty in predictions. This work strengthens the hypothesis that, at B-horizon steady-state conditions, the terrain morphometry were linked with the soil geochemical weathering in a two-way dependent process: the topographic relief was a factor on environmental geochemistry while chemical weathering was for terrain feature delineation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.006","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Iwashita, F., Friedel, M.J., Filho, C., and Fraser, S.J., 2011, Hillslope chemical weathering across Paraná, Brazil: a data mining-GIS hybrid approach: Geomorphology, v. 132, no. 3-4, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.006"}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Parana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.58007812499999,\n -26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -54.58007812499999,\n -22.45164881912619\n ],\n [\n -47.9443359375,\n -22.45164881912619\n ],\n [\n -47.9443359375,\n -26.391869671769022\n ],\n [\n -54.58007812499999,\n -26.391869671769022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a314ee4b0c8380cd5ddf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwashita, Fabio","contributorId":72287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwashita","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filho, Carlos Roberto de Souza","contributorId":83361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filho","given":"Carlos Roberto de Souza","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, Stephen J.","contributorId":87769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034405,"text":"70034405 - 2011 - Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T16:38:21.588417","indexId":"70034405","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR","docAbstract":"Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data were used to map water level (WL) and hydraulic gradients (δH/δx) in the Mackenzie Delta. The LiDAR WL data were validated against eight independent hydrometric gauge measurements and demonstrated mean offsets from − 0·22 to + 0·04 m (σ< 0·11). LiDAR‐based WL gradients could be estimated with confidence over channel lengths exceeding 5–10 km where the WL change exceeded local noise levels in the LiDAR data. For the entire Delta, the LiDAR sample coverage indicated a rate of change in longitudinal gradient (δ2H/δx) of 5·5 × 10−10 m m−2; therefore offering a potential means to estimate average flood stage hydraulic gradient for areas of the Delta not sampled or monitored. In the Outer Delta, within‐channel and terrain gradient measurements all returned a consistent estimate of − 1 × 10−5 m m−1, suggesting that this is a typical hydraulic gradient for the downstream end of the Delta. For short reaches (<10 km) of the Peel and Middle Channels in the middle of the Delta, significant and consistent hydraulic gradient estimates of − 5 × 10−5 m m−1 were observed. Evidence that hydraulic gradients can vary over short distances, however, was observed in the Peel Channel immediately upstream of Aklavik. A positive elevation anomaly (bulge) of > 0·1 m was observed at a channel constriction entering a meander bend, suggesting a localized modification of the channel hydraulics. Furthermore, water levels in the anabranch channels of the Peel River were almost 1 m higher than in Middle Channel of the Mackenzie River. This suggests: (i) the channels are elevated and have shallower bank heights in this part of the delta, leading to increased cross‐delta and along‐channel hydraulic gradients; and/or (ii) a proportion of the Peel River flow is lost to Middle Channel due to drainage across the delta through anastamosing channels. This study has demonstrated that airborne LiDAR data contain valuable information describing Arctic river delta water surface and hydraulic attributes that would be challenging to acquire by other means.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8167","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hopkinson, C., Crasto, N., Marsh, P., Forbes, D., and Lesack, L., 2011, Investigating the spatial distribution of water levels in the Mackenzie Delta using airborne LiDAR: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 19, p. 2995-3011, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8167.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2995","endPage":"3011","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8167"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Mackenzie Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.669921875,\n 67.09310451852075\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 67.09310451852075\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 69.90011762668541\n ],\n [\n -136.669921875,\n 69.90011762668541\n ],\n [\n -136.669921875,\n 67.09310451852075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e71e4b0c8380cd63dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkinson, C.","contributorId":67749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkinson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crasto, N.","contributorId":21369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crasto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsh, P.","contributorId":99279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forbes, D.","contributorId":57681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lesack, L.","contributorId":84177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesack","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034381,"text":"70034381 - 2011 - Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:01:04.212188","indexId":"70034381","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea","docAbstract":"During the China’s first gas hydrate drilling expedition -1 (GMGS-1), gas hydrate was discovered in layers ranging from 10 to 25 m above the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Shenhu area, South China Sea. Water chemistry, electrical resistivity logs, and acoustic impedance were used to estimate gas hydrate saturations. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the chloride concentrations range from 0 to 43% of the pore space. The higher gas hydrate saturations were present in the depth from 152 to 177 m at site SH7 and from 190 to 225 m at site SH2, respectively. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity using Archie equation have similar trends to those from chloride concentrations. To examine the variability of gas hydrate saturations away from the wells, acoustic impedances calculated from the 3 D seismic data using constrained sparse inversion method were used. Well logs acquired at site SH7 were incorporated into the inversion by establishing a relation between the water-filled porosity, calculated using gas hydrate saturations estimated from the resistivity logs, and the acoustic impedance, calculated from density and velocity logs. Gas hydrate saturations estimated from acoustic impedance of seismic data are ∼10–23% of the pore space and are comparable to those estimated from the well logs. The uncertainties in estimated gas hydrate saturations from seismic acoustic impedances were mainly from uncertainties associated with inverted acoustic impedance, the empirical relation between the water-filled porosities and acoustic impedances, and assumed background resistivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.002","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Wu, S., Lee, M., Guo, Y., Yang, S., and Liang, J., 2011, Gas hydrate saturation from acoustic impedance and resistivity logs in the Shenhu area, south China Sea: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1625-1633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1625","endPage":"1633","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South China Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 111.62109375,\n 15.728813770533966\n ],\n [\n 119.46533203125,\n 15.728813770533966\n ],\n [\n 119.46533203125,\n 20.981956742832327\n ],\n [\n 111.62109375,\n 20.981956742832327\n ],\n [\n 111.62109375,\n 15.728813770533966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14d0e4b0c8380cd54b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, S.","contributorId":84128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, M.","contributorId":32484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Y.","contributorId":11852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, S.","contributorId":13588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liang, J.","contributorId":80069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70034376,"text":"70034376 - 2011 - Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T12:04:15.361576","indexId":"70034376","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions","docAbstract":"Two methods are compared for estimating the shape parameters of Pareto field-size (or pool-size) distributions for petroleum resource assessment. Both methods assume mature exploration in which most of the larger fields have been discovered. Both methods use the sizes of larger discovered fields to estimate the numbers and sizes of smaller fields: (1) the tail-truncated method uses a plot of field size versus size rank, and (2) the log–geometric method uses data binned in field-size classes and the ratios of adjacent bin counts. Simulation experiments were conducted using discovered oil and gas pool-size distributions from four petroleum systems in Alberta, Canada and using Pareto distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulation. The estimates of the shape parameters of the Pareto distributions, calculated by both the tail-truncated and log–geometric methods, generally stabilize where discovered pool numbers are greater than 100. However, with fewer than 100 discoveries, these estimates can vary greatly with each new discovery. The estimated shape parameters of the tail-truncated method are more stable and larger than those of the log–geometric method where the number of discovered pools is more than 100. Both methods, however, tend to underestimate the shape parameter. Monte Carlo simulation was also used to create sequences of discovered pool sizes by sampling from a Pareto distribution with a discovery process model using a defined exploration efficiency (in order to show how biased the sampling was in favor of larger fields being discovered first). A higher (more biased) exploration efficiency gives better estimates of the Pareto shape parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Liu, C., Charpentier, R., and Su, J., 2011, Comparison of two methods used to model shape parameters of Pareto distributions: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 7, p. 847-859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-011-9361-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"859","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f848e4b0c8380cd4cfc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, C.","contributorId":67755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Su, J.","contributorId":39187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034350,"text":"70034350 - 2011 - The bioinvasion of Guam: inferring geographic origin, pace, pattern and process of an invasive lizard (Carlia) in the Pacific using multi-locus genomic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-25T15:08:45","indexId":"70034350","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The bioinvasion of Guam: inferring geographic origin, pace, pattern and process of an invasive lizard (Carlia) in the Pacific using multi-locus genomic data","docAbstract":"Invasive species often have dramatic negative effects that lead to the deterioration and loss of biodiversity frequently coupled with the burden of expensive biocontrol programs and subversion of socioeconomic stability. The fauna and flora of oceanic islands are particularly susceptible to invasive species and the increase of global movements of humans and their products since WW II has caused numerous anthropogenic translocations and increased the ills of human-mediated invasions. We use a multi-locus genomic dataset to identify geographic origin, pace, pattern and historical process of an invasive scincid lizard (Carlia) that has been inadvertently introduced to Guam, the Northern Marianas, and Palau. This lizard is of major importance as its introduction is thought to have assisted in the establishment of the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam by providing a food resource. Our findings demonstrate multiple waves of introductions that appear to be concordant with movements of Allied and Imperial Japanese forces in the Pacific during World War II.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-011-0014-y","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Austin, C., Rittmeyer, E., Oliver, L., Andermann, J., Zug, G., Rodda, G., and Jackson, N., 2011, The bioinvasion of Guam: inferring geographic origin, pace, pattern and process of an invasive lizard (Carlia) in the Pacific using multi-locus genomic data: Biological Invasions, v. 13, no. 9, p. 1951-1967, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0014-y.","startPage":"1951","endPage":"1967","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0014-y"},{"id":244624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9eae4b08c986b3225d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, C.C.","contributorId":85550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rittmeyer, E.N.","contributorId":22173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittmeyer","given":"E.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, L.A.","contributorId":87783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andermann, J.O.","contributorId":88180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andermann","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zug, G.R.","contributorId":72743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zug","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jackson, N.D.","contributorId":17852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034339,"text":"70034339 - 2011 - Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T15:49:26.236168","indexId":"70034339","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System","docAbstract":"Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide an important tool for conservation of marine ecosystems. To be most effective, these areas should be strategically located in a manner that supports ecosystem function. To inform marine spatial planning and support strategic establishment of MPAs within the California Current System, we identified areas predicted to support multispecies aggregations of seabirds (“hotspots”). We developed habitat‐association models for 16 species using information from at‐sea observations collected over an 11‐year period (1997–2008), bathymetric data, and remotely sensed oceanographic data for an area from north of Vancouver Island, Canada, to the USA/Mexico border and seaward 600 km from the coast. This approach enabled us to predict distribution and abundance of seabirds even in areas of few or no surveys. We developed single‐species predictive models using a machine‐learning algorithm: bagged decision trees. Single‐species predictions were then combined to identify potential hotspots of seabird aggregation, using three criteria: (1) overall abundance among species, (2) importance of specific areas (“core areas”) to individual species, and (3) predicted persistence of hotspots across years. Model predictions were applied to the entire California Current for four seasons (represented by February, May, July, and October) in each of 11 years. Overall, bathymetric variables were often important predictive variables, whereas oceanographic variables derived from remotely sensed data were generally less important. Predicted hotspots often aligned with currently protected areas (e.g., National Marine Sanctuaries), but we also identified potential hotspots in Northern California/Southern Oregon (from Cape Mendocino to Heceta Bank), Southern California (adjacent to the Channel Islands), and adjacent to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, that are not currently included in protected areas. Prioritization and identification of multispecies hotspots will depend on which group of species is of highest management priority. Modeling hotspots at a broad spatial scale can contribute to MPA site selection, particularly if complemented by fine‐scale information for focal areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1460.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Nur, N., Jahncke, J., Herzog, M., Howar, J., Hyrenbach, K., Zamon, J., Ainley, D., Wiens, J.A., Morgan, K., Balance, L., and Stralberg, D., 2011, Where the wild things are: Predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations in the California Current System: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 2241-2257, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1460.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2241","endPage":"2257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1460.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California Current system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -131.1328125,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -147.3046875,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -147.48046875,\n 26.667095801104814\n ],\n [\n -115.400390625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -131.1328125,\n 46.255846818480315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd05fe4b08c986b32edff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nur, N.","contributorId":13576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nur","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahncke, J.","contributorId":74192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahncke","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herzog, M.P.","contributorId":37865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howar, J.","contributorId":66940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howar","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hyrenbach, K.D.","contributorId":87394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyrenbach","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zamon, J.E.","contributorId":8697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamon","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ainley, D. G.","contributorId":77870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wiens, J. A.","contributorId":43453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiens","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morgan, K.","contributorId":18556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Balance, L.T.","contributorId":55239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balance","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stralberg, D.","contributorId":19807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stralberg","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034337,"text":"70034337 - 2011 - Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T13:10:53","indexId":"70034337","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing laser-based open- and closed-path gas analyzers to measure methane fluxes using the eddy covariance method","docAbstract":"Closed- and open-path methane gas analyzers are used in eddy covariance systems to compare three potential methane emitting ecosystems in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (CA, USA): a rice field, a peatland pasture and a restored wetland. The study points out similarities and differences of the systems in field experiments and data processing. The closed-path system, despite a less intrusive placement with the sonic anemometer, required more care and power. In contrast, the open-path system appears more versatile for a remote and unattended experimental site. Overall, the two systems have comparable minimum detectable limits, but synchronization between wind speed and methane data, air density corrections and spectral losses have different impacts on the computed flux covariances. For the closed-path analyzer, air density effects are less important, but the synchronization and spectral losses may represent a problem when fluxes are small or when an undersized pump is used. For the open-path analyzer air density corrections are greater, due to spectroscopy effects and the classic Webb–Pearman–Leuning correction. Comparison between the 30-min fluxes reveals good agreement in terms of magnitudes between open-path and closed-path flux systems. However, the scatter is large, as consequence of the intensive data processing which both systems require.
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