{"pageNumber":"691","pageRowStart":"17250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70042048,"text":"ofr20121218 - 2012 - Preliminary physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geophysical data of the USGS South Dover Bridge Core, Talbot County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T13:03:01","indexId":"ofr20121218","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1218","title":"Preliminary physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geophysical data of the USGS South Dover Bridge Core, Talbot County, Maryland","docAbstract":"The South Dover Bridge (SDB) corehole was drilled in October 2007 in Talbot County, Maryland. The main purpose for drilling this corehole was to characterize the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the aquifers and confining units of this region. The data obtained from this core also will be used as a guide to geologic mapping and to help interpret well data from the eastern part of the Washington East 1:100,000-scale map near the town of Easton, Md. Core drilling was conducted to a depth of 700 feet (ft). The Cretaceous section was not penetrated due to technical problems during drilling. This project was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center (EGPSC) as part of the Geology of the Atlantic Watersheds Project; this project was carried out in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS) through partnerships with the Aquifer Characterization Program of the USGS’s Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center and the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.\n\nThe SDB corehole was drilled by the USGS drilling crew in the northeastern corner of the Trappe 7.5-minute quadrangle, near the type locality of the Boston Cliffs member of the Choptank Formation. Geophysical logs (gamma ray, single point resistance, and 16-inch and 64-inch normal resistivity) were run to a depth of 527.5 ft; the total depth of 700.0 ft could not be reached because of the collapse of the lower part of the hole. Of the 700.0 ft drilled, 531.8 ft of core were recovered, representing a 76 percent core recovery. The elevation of the top of the corehole is approximately 12 ft above mean sea level; its coordinates are lat 38°44′49.34″N. and long 76°00′25.09″W. (38.74704N., 76.00697W. in decimal degrees).\n\nA groundwater monitoring well was not installed at this site. The South Dover Bridge corehole was the first corehole that will be used to better understand the geology and hydrology of the Maryland Eastern Shore.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121218","usgsCitation":"Aleman Gonzalez, W.B., Powars, D.S., Seefelt, E., Edwards, L.E., Self-Trail, J.M., Durand, C.T., Schultz, A.P., and McLaughlin, P., 2012, Preliminary physical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geophysical data of the USGS South Dover Bridge Core, Talbot County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1218, Report: vi, 16 p.; Download Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121218.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Download Report","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":240,"text":"Eastern Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1218.jpg"},{"id":264685,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1218/ofr2012-1218_MainBody.pdf"},{"id":264686,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1218/ofr2012-1218.zip"},{"id":264684,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1218/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","county":"Talbot County","otherGeospatial":"South Dover Bridge Corehole","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.45,38.58 ], [ -76.45,38.94 ], [ -75.89,38.94 ], [ -75.89,38.58 ], [ -76.45,38.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d49676e4b0c6073c901f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleman Gonzalez, Wilma B.","contributorId":98123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleman Gonzalez","given":"Wilma","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seefelt, Ellen 0000-0001-6822-7402 eseefelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-7402","contributorId":2953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seefelt","given":"Ellen","email":"eseefelt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean M. jstrail@usgs.gov","contributorId":2205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Durand, Colleen T.","contributorId":80495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durand","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schultz, Arthur P. aschultz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Arthur","email":"aschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McLaughlin, Peter P.","contributorId":40023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Peter P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042125,"text":"70042125 - 2012 - The population structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from subtropical and temperate soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T17:53:35","indexId":"70042125","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The population structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from subtropical and temperate soils","docAbstract":"<p>While genotypically-distinct naturalized <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains have been shown to occur in riparian soils of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior watersheds, comparative analyses of <i>E. coli</i> populations in diverse soils across a range of geographic and climatic conditions have not been investigated. The main objectives of this study were to: (a) examine the population structure and genetic relatedness of <i>E. coli</i> isolates collected from different soil types on a tropical island (Hawaii), and (b) determine if <i>E. coli</i> populations from Hawaii and temperate soils (Indiana, Minnesota) shared similar genotypes that may be reflective of biome-related soil conditions. DNA fingerprint and multivariate statistical analyses were used to examine the population structure and genotypic characteristics of the <i>E. coli</i> isolates. About 33% (98 of 293) of the <i>E. coli</i> from different soil types and locations on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, had unique DNA fingerprints, indicating that these bacteria were relatively diverse; the Shannon diversity index for the population was 4.03. Nearly 60% (171 of 293) of the <i>E. coli</i> isolates from Hawaii clustered into two major groups and the rest, with two or more isolates, fell into one of 22 smaller groups, or individual lineages. Multivariate analysis of variance of 89, 21, and 106 unique <i>E. coli</i> DNA fingerprints for Hawaii, Indiana, and Minnesota soils, respectively, showed that isolates formed tight cohesive groups, clustering mainly by location. However, there were several instances of clonal isolates being shared between geographically different locations. Thus, while nearly identical <i>E. coli</i> strains were shared between disparate climatologically- and geographically-distinct locations, a vast majority of the soil <i>E. coli</i> strains were genotypically diverse and were likely derived from separate lineages. This supports the hypothesis that these bacteria are not unique and multiple genotypes can readily adapt to become part of the soil autochthonous microflora.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.041","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Yan, T., Hamilton, M.J., Ishii, S., Fujioka, R.S., Whitman, R.L., and Sadowsky, M.J., 2012, The population structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from subtropical and temperate soils: Science of the Total Environment, v. 417-418, p. 273-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.041.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"279","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i, Indiana, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, 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,{"id":70043333,"text":"70043333 - 2012 - Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:43:23","indexId":"70043333","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4","docAbstract":"<p>Apparent groundwater ages along two flow paths in the upper Patapsco aquifer of the Maryland Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA, were estimated using <sup>14</sup>C, <sup>36</sup>Cl and <sup>4</sup>He data. Most of the ages range from modern to about 500&nbsp;ka, with one sample at 117&nbsp;km downgradient from the recharge area dated by radiogenic <sup>4</sup>He accumulation at more than one Ma. Last glacial maximum (LGM) water was located about 20&nbsp;km downgradient on the northern flow path, where the radiocarbon age was 21.5&nbsp;ka, paleorecharge temperatures were 0.5–1.5  °C (a maximum cooling of about 12 °C relative to the modern mean annual temperature of 13 °C), and Cl<sup>–</sup>, Cl/Br, and stable isotopes of water were minimum. Low recharge temperatures (typically 5–7 °C) indicate that recharge occurred predominantly during glacial periods when coastal heads were lowest due to low sea-level stand. Flow velocities averaged about 1.0 m a<sup>–1</sup> in upgradient parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer and decreased from 0.13 to 0.04 m a<sup>–1</sup> at 40 and 80&nbsp;km further downgradient, respectively. This study demonstrates that most water in the upper Patapsco aquifer is non-renewable on human timescales under natural gradients, thus highlighting the importance of effective water-supply management to prolong the resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Eggleston, J.R., Raffensperger, J.P., Hunt, A.G., Casile, G.C., and Andreasen, D.C., 2012, Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1269-1294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1269","endPage":"1294","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036422","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Anne Arundel","city":"Baltimore","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3a0e4b01197b08e9cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eggleston, John R. 0000-0001-6633-3041 jegglest@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3041","contributorId":3068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"John","email":"jegglest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andreasen, D. C.","contributorId":32565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042436,"text":"70042436 - 2012 - Land-cover change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:41:55","indexId":"70042436","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Land-cover change detection","docAbstract":"<p>Land cover is the biophysical material on the surface of the earth. Land-cover types include grass, shrubs, trees, barren, water, and man-made features. Land cover changes continuously. &nbsp;The rate of change can be either dramatic and abrupt, such as the changes caused by logging, hurricanes and fire, or subtle and gradual, such as regeneration of forests and damage caused by insects (Verbesselt et al., 2001). &nbsp;Previous studies have shown that land cover has changed dramatically during the past sevearal centuries and that these changes have severely affected our ecosystems (Foody, 2010; Lambin et al., 2001). Lambin and Strahlers (1994b) summarized five types of cause for land-cover changes: (1) long-term natural changes in climate conditions, (2) geomorphological and ecological processes, (3) human-induced alterations of vegetation cover and landscapes, (4) interannual climate variability, and (5) human-induced greenhouse effect. &nbsp;Tools and techniques are needed to detect, describe, and predict these changes to facilitate sustainable management of natural resources.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b11964-14","isbn":"978-1-4200-7074-3","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Giri, C., and Vogelmann, J., 2012, Land-cover change detection, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover, p. 153-176, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11964-14.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031500","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18634e4b05561fa206ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Xuexia","contributorId":14213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Xuexia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":127752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70136359,"text":"70136359 - 2012 - Can arsenic occurrence rate in bedrock aquifers be predicted?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T14:15:38","indexId":"70136359","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can arsenic occurrence rate in bedrock aquifers be predicted?","docAbstract":"<p><span>A high percentage (31%) of groundwater samples from bedrock aquifers in the greater Augusta area, Maine was found to contain greater than 10 &mu;g L</span><span>&ndash;1</span><span>&nbsp;of arsenic. Elevated arsenic concentrations are associated with bedrock geology, and more frequently observed in samples with high pH, low dissolved oxygen, and low nitrate. These associations were quantitatively compared by statistical analysis. Stepwise logistic regression models using bedrock geology and/or water chemistry parameters are developed and tested with external data sets to explore the feasibility of predicting groundwater arsenic occurrence rates (the percentages of arsenic concentrations higher than 10 &mu;g L</span><span>&ndash;1</span><span>) in bedrock aquifers. Despite the under-prediction of high arsenic occurrence rates, models including groundwater geochemistry parameters predict arsenic occurrence rates better than those with bedrock geology only. Such simple models with very few parameters can be applied to obtain a preliminary arsenic risk assessment in bedrock aquifers at local to intermediate scales at other localities with similar geology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es203793x","usgsCitation":"Yang, Q., Jung, H.B., Marvinney, R.G., Culbertson, C.W., and Zheng, Y., 2012, Can arsenic occurrence rate in bedrock aquifers be predicted?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 2080-2087, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203793x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2080","endPage":"2087","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034607","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8rn3jhw","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b4ae4b08de9379b32fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Qiang","contributorId":131129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Qiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Hun Bok","contributorId":131128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jung","given":"Hun","email":"","middleInitial":"Bok","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvinney, Robert G.","contributorId":131130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marvinney","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7257,"text":"Maine Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zheng, Yan","contributorId":99046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70146239,"text":"70146239 - 2012 - Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:41:20","indexId":"70146239","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","docAbstract":"<p><span>While bulk measures of the onshore impact of a tsunami, including the maximum run-up elevation and inundation distance, are important for hazard planning, the temporal evolution of the onshore flow dynamics likely controls the extent of the onshore destruction and the erosion and deposition of sediment that occurs. However, the time-varying dynamics of actual tsunamis are even more difficult to measure in situ than the bulk parameters. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is used to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slope, and bottom roughness have on the temporal evolution of the onshore flow. Model results indicate that the onshore flow dynamics vary significantly over the parameter space examined. For example, the flow dynamics over steep, smooth morphologies tend to be temporally symmetric, with similar magnitude velocities generated during the run-up and run-down phases of inundation. Conversely, on shallow, rough onshore topographies the flow dynamics tend to be temporally skewed toward the run-down phase of inundation, with the magnitude of the flow velocities during run-up and run-down being significantly different. Furthermore, for near-breaking tsunami waves inundating over steep topography, the flow velocity tends to accelerate almost instantaneously to a maximum and then decrease monotonically. Conversely, when very long waves inundate over shallow topography, the flow accelerates more slowly and can remain steady for a period of time before beginning to decelerate. These results indicate that a single set of assumptions concerning the onshore flow dynamics cannot be applied to all tsunamis, and site specific analyses may be required.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and Jaffe, B.E., 2012, Time-dependent onshore tsunami response: Coastal Engineering, v. 64, p. 73-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031593","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0b1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Apotsos Alex, Gelfenbaum Guy, Jaffe Bruce","journalName":"Coastal Engineering","publicationDate":"6/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, Alex","contributorId":60997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70141428,"text":"70141428 - 2012 - Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: the mouth of the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T12:54:47","indexId":"70141428","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: the mouth of the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p><span>&nbsp;A monthlong time series of wave, current, salinity, and suspended-sediment measurements was made at five sites on a transect across the Mouth of Columbia River (MCR). These data were used to calibrate and evaluate the performance of a coupled hydrodynamic and wave model for the MCR based on the Delft3D modeling system. The MCR is a dynamic estuary inlet in which tidal currents, river discharge, and wave-driven currents are all important. Model tuning consisted primarily of spatial adjustments to bottom drag coefficients. In combination with (near-) default parameter settings, the MCR model application is able to simulate the dominant features in the tidal flow, salinity and wavefields observed in field measurements. The wave-orbital averaged method for representing the current velocity profile in the wave model is considered the most realistic for the MCR. The hydrodynamic model is particularly effective in reproducing the observed vertical residual and temporal variations in current structure. Density gradients introduce the observed and modeled reversal of the mean flow at the bed and augment mean and peak flow in the upper half of the water column. This implies that sediment transport during calmer summer conditions is controlled by density stratification and is likely net landward due to the reversal of flow near the bed. The correspondence between observed and modeled hydrodynamics makes this application a tool to investigate hydrodynamics and associated sediment transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012JC008105","usgsCitation":"Elias, E.P., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and van der Westhuysen, A.J., 2012, Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: the mouth of the Columbia River: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 117, no. C9, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008105.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042897","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.07958984375001,\n              46.06560846138691\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07958984375001,\n              46.3810438458062\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.3810438458062\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8216552734375,\n              46.06560846138691\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07958984375001,\n              46.06560846138691\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"C9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e7173ce4b02d776a66a01d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Edwin P.L.","contributorId":47295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van der Westhuysen, Andre J.","contributorId":139312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Westhuysen","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70148038,"text":"70148038 - 2012 - Parameter estimation method and updating of regional prediction equations for ungaged sites in the desert region of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-06T15:07:31","indexId":"70148038","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Parameter estimation method and updating of regional prediction equations for ungaged sites in the desert region of California","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is currently updating at-site flood frequency estimates for USGS streamflow-gaging stations in the desert region of California. The at-site flood-frequency analysis is complicated by short record lengths (less than 20 years is common) and numerous zero flows/low outliers at many sites. Estimates of the three parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skew) required for fitting the log Pearson Type 3 (LP3) distribution are likely to be highly unreliable based on the limited and heavily censored at-site data. In a generalization of the recommendations in Bulletin 17B, a regional analysis was used to develop regional estimates of all three parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skew) of the LP3 distribution. A regional skew value of zero from a previously published report was used with a new estimated mean squared error (MSE) of 0.20. A weighted least squares (WLS) regression method was used to develop both a regional standard deviation and a mean model based on annual peak-discharge data for 33 USGS stations throughout California&rsquo;s desert region. At-site standard deviation and mean values were determined by using an expected moments algorithm (EMA) method for fitting the LP3 distribution to the logarithms of annual peak-discharge data. Additionally, a multiple Grubbs-Beck (MGB) test, a generalization of the test recommended in Bulletin 17B, was used for detecting multiple potentially influential low outliers in a flood series. The WLS regression found that no basin characteristics could explain the variability of standard deviation. Consequently, a constant regional standard deviation model was selected, resulting in a log-space value of 0.91 with a MSE of 0.03 log units. Yet drainage area was found to be statistically significant at explaining the site-to-site variability in mean. The linear WLS regional mean model based on drainage area had a Pseudo- 2 R of 51 percent and a MSE of 0.32 log units. The regional parameter estimates were then used to develop a set of equations for estimating flows with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities for ungaged basins. The final equations are functions of drainage area.Average standard errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 214.2 to 856.2 percent.</p>","conferenceTitle":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012","conferenceDate":"Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States","conferenceLocation":"May 20-24, 2012","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784412312.238","collaboration":"FEMA","usgsCitation":"Barth, N.A., and Veilleux, A.G., 2012, Parameter estimation method and updating of regional prediction equations for ungaged sites in the desert region of California, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012, May 20-24, 2012, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, p. 2356-2366, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.238.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2356","endPage":"2366","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034376","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Desert region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.45458984375,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.70751953125,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.83935546874999,\n              34.69646117272349\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.619873046875,\n              33.742612777346885\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.78491210937501,\n              32.63012300670739\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.49951171875,\n              33.02708758002874\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              33.05471648804276\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.697265625,\n              33.247875947924385\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.730224609375,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5654296875,\n              33.568861182555565\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.510498046875,\n              33.815666308702774\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.521484375,\n              33.916013113401696\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.47753906249999,\n              34.03445260967645\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.19189453125,\n              34.261756524459805\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.136962890625,\n              34.334364487026306\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              34.488447837809304\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.554443359375,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63134765625001,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.41064453125,\n              37.883524980871336\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45458984375,\n              37.89219554724437\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563ddd42e4b0831b7d6271f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Nancy A. nabarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":3276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Nancy","email":"nabarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193210,"text":"70193210 - 2012 - Mechanics of debris flows and rock avalanches: Chapter 43","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T13:37:43","indexId":"70193210","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mechanics of debris flows and rock avalanches: Chapter 43","docAbstract":"<p><span>Debris flows are geophysical phenomena intermediate in character between rock avalanches and flash floods. They commonly originate as water-laden landslides on steep slopes and transform into liquefied masses of fragmented rock, muddy water, and entrained organic matter that disgorge from canyons onto valley floors. Typically including 50%–70% solid grains by volume, attaining speeds &gt;10 m/s, and ranging in size up to ∼109 m<sup>3</sup>, debris flows can denude mountainsides, inundate floodplains, and devastate people and property (Figure 43.1). Notable recent debris-flow disasters resulted in more than 20,000 fatalities in Armero, Colombia, in 1985 and in Vargas state, Venezuela, in&nbsp;1999.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of environmental fluid dynamics, Volume One","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b14241-47","isbn":"9781439816707","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2012, Mechanics of debris flows and rock avalanches: Chapter 43, chap. <i>of</i> Handbook of environmental fluid dynamics, Volume One, p. 573-587, https://doi.org/10.1201/b14241-47.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","ipdsId":"IP-021709","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6105a0e4b06e28e9c2557b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fernando, Harindra Joseph","contributorId":201042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernando","given":"Harindra","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724158,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70032255,"text":"70032255 - 2012 - A method for physically based model analysis of conjunctive use in response to potential climate changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T10:15:56","indexId":"70032255","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for physically based model analysis of conjunctive use in response to potential climate changes","docAbstract":"Potential climate change effects on aspects of conjunctive management of water resources can be evaluated by linking climate models with fully integrated groundwater-surface water models. The objective of this study is to develop a modeling system that links global climate models with regional hydrologic models, using the California Central Valley as a case study. The new method is a supply and demand modeling framework that can be used to simulate and analyze potential climate change and conjunctive use. Supply-constrained and demand-driven linkages in the water system in the Central Valley are represented with the linked climate models, precipitation-runoff models, agricultural and native vegetation water use, and hydrologic flow models to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Simulated precipitation and temperature were used from the GFDL-A2 climate change scenario through the 21st century to drive a regional water balance mountain hydrologic watershed model (MHWM) for the surrounding watersheds in combination with a regional integrated hydrologic model of the Central Valley (CVHM). Application of this method demonstrates the potential transition from predominantly surface water to groundwater supply for agriculture with secondary effects that may limit this transition of conjunctive use. The particular scenario considered includes intermittent climatic droughts in the first half of the 21st century followed by severe persistent droughts in the second half of the 21st century. These climatic droughts do not yield a valley-wide operational drought but do cause reduced surface water deliveries and increased groundwater abstractions that may cause additional land subsidence, reduced water for riparian habitat, or changes in flows at the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The method developed here can be used to explore conjunctive use adaptation options and hydrologic risk assessments in regional hydrologic systems throughout the world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011WR010774","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., Dettinger, M.D., Faunt, C., Cayan, D., and Schmid, W., 2012, A method for physically based model analysis of conjunctive use in response to potential climate changes: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010774.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474625,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010774","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010774"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e456e4b0c8380cd465c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cayan, D.","contributorId":49563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schmid, W.","contributorId":103479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70156861,"text":"70156861 - 2012 - History of land cover mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-12T16:47:19.32645","indexId":"70156861","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"History of land cover mapping","docAbstract":"<p><span>The historical roots of land-cover mapping reside in the early history of aerial photography and applications spanning forestry, agriculture, urban planning, and water-resources management. Considering this long span of mapping, any attempt to provide an exhaustive treatment of the full history of land-cover mapping will necessarily be incomplete. For that reason, this chapter on the history of land-cover mapping emphasizes the “modern” era of land-cover mapping, which has been arbitrarily defined to begin in the early 1970s. This was when civil space-based remote sensing came of age, and intellectual efforts focused on strategies for using new observations in understanding the characteristics of, and the changes in, land use and land cover.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of land use and land cover: Principles and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b11964-4","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., 2012, History of land cover mapping, chap. 2 <i>of</i> Remote sensing of land use and land cover: Principles and applications, p. 13-22, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11964-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033711","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6b7e4b058f706e53cd9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Giri, Chandra P.","contributorId":57379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192326,"text":"70192326 - 2012 - Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T13:51:36.914247","indexId":"70192326","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> blowout ","title":"Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout ","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the government response to the <i>Deepwater Horizon</i> blowout, a Well Integrity Team evaluated the geologic hazards of shutting in the Macondo Well at the seafloor and determined the conditions under which it could safely be undertaken. Of particular concern was the possibility that, under the anticipated high shut-in pressures, oil could leak out of the well casing below the seafloor. Such a leak could lead to new geologic pathways for hydrocarbon release to the Gulf of Mexico. Evaluating this hazard required analyses of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, seafloor bathymetry, sediment properties, geophysical well logs, and drilling data to assess the geological, hydrological, and geomechanical conditions around the Macondo Well. After the well was successfully capped and shut in on July 15, 2010, a variety of monitoring activities were used to assess subsurface well integrity. These activities included acquisition of wellhead pressure data, marine multichannel seismic profiles, seafloor and water-column sonar surveys, and wellhead visual/acoustic monitoring. These data showed that the Macondo Well was not leaking after shut in, and therefore, it could remain safely shut until reservoir pressures were suppressed (killed) with heavy drilling mud and the well was sealed with cement.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1115847109","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S.H., Hsieh, P.A., Mooney, W.D., Enomoto, C.B., Nelson, P.H., Weber, T.S., Mayer, L., Moran, K., Flemings, P., and McNutt, M.K., 2012, Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout : PNAS, v. 109, no. 50, p. 20268-20273, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115847109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"20268","endPage":"20273","ipdsId":"IP-036940","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115847109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.349609375,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.349609375,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.349609375,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"50","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2aae4b0220bbd9d9fd4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, James R.","contributorId":62601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayer, Larry","contributorId":197131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Flemings, Peter","contributorId":198205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flemings","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":13127,"text":"Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moran, Kathryn","contributorId":198206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35204,"text":"Offfice of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weber, Thomas S.","contributorId":198207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McNutt, Marcia K. 0000-0003-0117-7716 mcnutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-7716","contributorId":327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Marcia","email":"mcnutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70169879,"text":"70169879 - 2012 - Timing of wet snow avalanche activity: An analysis from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:41:57","indexId":"70169879","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Timing of wet snow avalanche activity: An analysis from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wet snow avalanches pose a problem for annual spring road opening operations along the Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR) in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. A suite of meteorological metrics and snow observations has been used to forecast for wet slab and glide avalanche activity. However, the timing of spring wet slab and glide avalanches is a difficult process to forecast and requires new capabilities. For the 2011 and 2012 spring seasons we tested a previously developed classification tree model which had been trained on data from 2003-2010. For 2011, this model yielded a 91% predictive rate for avalanche days. For 2012, the model failed to capture any of the avalanche days observed. We then investigated these misclassified avalanche days in the 2012 season by comparing them to the misclassified days from the original dataset from which the model was trained. Results showed no significant difference in air temperature variables between this year and the original training data set for these misclassified days. This indicates that 2012 was characterized by avalanche days most similar to those that the model struggled with in the original training data. The original classification tree model showed air temperature to be a significant variable in wet avalanche activity which implies that subsequent movement of meltwater through the snowpack is also important. To further understand the timing of water flow we installed two lysimeters in fall 2011 before snow accumulation. Water flow showed a moderate correlation with air temperature later in the season and no synchronous pattern associated with wet slab and glide avalanche activity. We also characterized snowpack structure as the snowpack transitioned from a dry to a wet snowpack throughout the spring. This helped to assess potential failure layers of wet snow avalanches and the timing of avalanches compared to water moving through the snowpack. These tools (classification tree model and lysimeter data), combined with standard meteorological and avalanche observations, proved useful to forecasters regarding the timing of wet snow avalanche activity along the GTSR.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, 2012 International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2012 International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 16-21, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"International Snow Science Workshop","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Hendrikx, J., and Fagre, D.B., 2012, Timing of wet snow avalanche activity: An analysis from Glacier National Park, Montana, USA., <i>in</i> Proceedings, 2012 International Snow Science Workshop, Anchorage, AK, September 16-21, 2012, p. 884-891.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"884","endPage":"891","ipdsId":"IP-039562","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/item/1664"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fdbd19e4b007492829448b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy","contributorId":166967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70155848,"text":"70155848 - 2012 - Groundwater and surface-water exchange and resultingnNitrate dynamics in the Bogue Phalia Basin in northwestern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:09:38.395666","indexId":"70155848","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater and surface-water exchange and resultingnNitrate dynamics in the Bogue Phalia Basin in northwestern Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p><span>During April 2007 through September 2008, the USGS collected hydrogeologic and water-quality data from a site on the Bogue Phalia to evaluate the role of groundwater and surface-water interaction on the transport of nitrate to the shallow sand and gravel aquifer underlying the Mississippi Alluvial Plain in northwestern Mississippi. A two-dimensional groundwater/surface-water exchange model was developed using temperature and head data and VS2DH, a variably saturated flow and energy transport model. Results from this model showed that groundwater/surface-water exchange at the site occurred regularly and recharge was laterally extensive into the alluvial aquifer. Nitrate was consistently reported in surface-water samples (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 52, median concentration = 39.8 &mu;mol/L) although never detected in samples collected from in-stream piezometers or shallow monitoring wells adjacent to the stream (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 46). These two facts, consistent detections of nitrate in surface water and no detections of nitrate in groundwater, coupled with model results that indicate large amounts of surface water moving through an anoxic streambed, support the case for denitrification and nitrate loss through the streambed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq2011.0087","usgsCitation":"Barlow, J.R., and Coupe, R.H., 2012, Groundwater and surface-water exchange and resultingnNitrate dynamics in the Bogue Phalia Basin in northwestern Mississippi: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 1, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0087.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024197","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Bogue Phalia Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.20421710355372,\n              34.156863209912004\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.75054266585917,\n              34.156863209912004\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8764117905081,\n              34.12139801584064\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1361842392514,\n              33.60994504300518\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05316417831278,\n              33.117872488161694\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.22296356892653,\n              33.129086822630626\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.20689517003508,\n              34.156863209912004\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.20421710355372,\n              34.156863209912004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cc6e29e4b08400b1fe0fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. 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B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159028,"text":"70159028 - 2012 - Outlier reefs are found off the Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T16:15:25.747259","indexId":"70159028","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Outlier reefs are found off the Florida Keys","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tropical connections: South Florida's marine environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAN Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, Md.","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 2012, Outlier reefs are found off the Florida Keys, chap. <i>of</i> Tropical connections: South Florida's marine environment, p. 197-198.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022298","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ian.umces.edu/publications/tropical-connections-south-floridas-marine-environment/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":309859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys waters","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              25.477992320574817\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.61767578124999,\n              25.015928763367857\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0406494140625,\n              24.856534339310674\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.49658203125,\n              24.826624956562167\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8316650390625,\n              24.706915241066355\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9580078125,\n              24.666986385216273\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9854736328125,\n              24.48214938647425\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9415283203125,\n              24.402135566630744\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              24.48214938647425\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7989501953125,\n              24.652009767778697\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.386962890625,\n              24.956180020055925\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.068359375,\n              25.339061458818374\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0738525390625,\n              25.507742380531404\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.17822265625,\n              25.582085278700696\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              25.562265014427492\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.277099609375,\n              25.438314122211384\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              25.477992320574817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b38e4b0cdb063e59ce3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kruczynski, William L.","contributorId":148974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruczynski","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Pamela J.","contributorId":148975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577311,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156874,"text":"70156874 - 2012 - Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T16:53:52","indexId":"70156874","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variance components may play multiple roles (cf. Cox and Solomon 2003). First, magnitudes and relative magnitudes of the variances of random factors may have important scientific and management value in their own right. For example, variation in levels of invasive vegetation among and within lakes may suggest causal agents that operate at both spatial scales &ndash; a finding that may be important for scientific and management reasons. Second, variance components may also be of interest when they affect precision of means and covariate coefficients. For example, variation in the effect of water depth on the probability of aquatic plant presence in a study of multiple lakes may vary by lake. This variation will affect the precision of the average depth-presence association. Third, variance component estimates may be used when designing studies, including monitoring programs. For example, to estimate the numbers of years and of samples per year required to meet long-term monitoring goals, investigators need estimates of within and among-year variances. Other chapters in this volume (Chapters 7, 8, and 10) as well as extensive external literature outline a framework for applying estimates of variance components to the design of monitoring efforts. For example, a series of papers with an ecological monitoring theme examined the relative importance of multiple sources of variation, including variation in means among sites, years, and site-years, for the purposes of temporal trend detection and estimation (Larsen et al. 2004, and references therein).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge; New York","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139022422.013","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., 2012, Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs, chap. <i>of</i> Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 200-227, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022422.013.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb71ae4b058f706e53f84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570915,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Andrew B.","contributorId":112048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570917,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Licht, Daniel S.","contributorId":113213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licht","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570918,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159358,"text":"70159358 - 2012 - Maximizing the utility of monitoring to the adaptive management of natural resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T15:36:09.17483","indexId":"70159358","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Maximizing the utility of monitoring to the adaptive management of natural resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data collection is an important step in any investigation about the structure or processes related to a natural system. In a purely scientific investigation (experiments, quasi-experiments, observational studies), data collection is part of the scientific method, preceded by the identification of hypotheses and the design of any manipulations of the system to test those hypotheses. Data collection and the manipulations that precede it are ideally designed to maximize the information that is derived from the study. That is, such investigations should be designed for maximum power to evaluate the relative validity of the hypotheses posed. When data collection is intended to inform the management of ecological systems, we call it monitoring. Note that our definition of monitoring encompasses a broader range of data-collection efforts than some alternative definitions &ndash; e.g. Chapter 3. The purpose of monitoring as we use the term can vary, from surveillance or &ldquo;thumb on the pulse&rdquo; monitoring (see Nichols and Williams 2006), intended to detect changes in a system due to any non-specified source (e.g. the North American Breeding Bird Survey), to very specific and targeted monitoring of the results of specific management actions (e.g. banding and aerial survey efforts related to North American waterfowl harvest management). Although a role of surveillance monitoring is to detect unanticipated changes in a system, the same result is possible from a collection of targeted monitoring programs distributed across the same spatial range (Box 4.1). In the face of limited budgets and many specific management questions, tying monitoring as closely as possible to management needs is warranted (Nichols and Williams 2006). Adaptive resource management (ARM; Walters 1986, Williams 1997, Kendall 2001, Moore and Conroy 2006, McCarthy and Possingham 2007, Conroy et al. 2008a) provides a context and specific purpose for monitoring: to evaluate decisions with respect to achievement of specific management objectives; and to evaluate the relative validity of predictive system models. This latter purpose is analogous to the role of data collection within the scientific method, in a research context.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge; New York","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139022422.007","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W.L., and Moore, C., 2012, Maximizing the utility of monitoring to the adaptive management of natural resources, chap. <i>of</i> Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 74-98, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022422.007.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028880","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08d8e4b011227bf1fd8a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578197,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Andrew B.","contributorId":112048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578198,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Licht, Daniel S.","contributorId":113213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licht","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156827,"text":"70156827 - 2012 - Loss and modification of habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:19:02","indexId":"70156827","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Loss and modification of habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>Amphibians live in a wide variety of habitats around the world, many of which have been modified or destroyed by human activities. Most species have unique life history characteristics adapted to specific climates, habitats (e.g., lentic, lotic, terrestrial, arboreal, fossorial, amphibious), and local conditions that provide suitable areas for reproduction, development and growth, shelter from environmental extremes, and predation, as well as connectivity to other populations or habitats. Although some species are entirely aquatic or terrestrial, most amphibians, as their name implies, lead a dual life and require a mosaic of habitats in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. With over 6 billion people on Earth, most species are now persisting in habitats that have been directly or indirectly influenced by human activities. Some species have disappeared where their habitats have been completely destroyed, reduced, or rendered unsuitable. Habitat loss and degradation are widely considered by most researchers as the most important causes of amphibian population decline globally (Barinaga 1990; Wake and Morowitz 1991; Alford and Richards 1999). In this chapter, a background on the diverse habitat requirements of amphibians is provided, followed by a discussion of the effects of urbanization, agriculture, livestock grazing, timber production and harvesting, fire and hazardous fuel management, and roads on amphibians and their habitats. Also briefly discussed is the influence on amphibian habitats of natural disturbances, such as extreme weather events and climate change, given the potential for human activities to impact climate in the longer term. For amphibians in general, microhabitats are of greater importance than for other vertebrates. As ectotherms with a skin that is permeable to water and with naked gelatinous eggs, amphibians are physiologically constrained to be active during environmental conditions that provide appropriate body temperatures and adequate water balance (Thorson and Svihla 1943; Brattstrom 1963; Tracy 1976). Hence, individuals require and seek specific microhabitats that maintain their preferred body temperature while at the same time reducing water loss or allowing individuals to re-hydrate. Amphibians also possess relatively few physical attributes that protect them from predators. Although they may avoid predators behaviourally or deter them by skin toxins, amphibians lack defensive shells or hardened cuticles, do not have protective teeth or claws, and most are insufficiently fast to escape predators. Hence, they are relatively dependent on sites that conceal or protect them from predation. Most amphibians also differ significantly from other vertebrates in possessing a complex two-phase life cycle: the pre-metamorphic larval (tadpole) stage and the post-metamorphic juvenile and adult stage (Wilbur 1980, 1984). Most amphibian species have two distinct econes (Heatwole 1989), each with different habitat requirements, the larvae being aquatic and the post-metamorphic animals more terrestrial. The habitats required by the two phases can differ greatly, but both are essential to the survival of a species. However, amphibian diversity is great and exceptions to this general pattern exist. For example, some species have direct development without going through a larval stage and are fully terrestrial, whereas the larvae of other species can reach sexual maturity without going through metamorphosis (i.e., neoteny) and are fully aquatic.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation and decline of amphibians: ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management","language":"English","publisher":"Surrey Beatty","usgsCitation":"Lemckert, F., Hecnar, S., and Pilliod, D., 2012, Loss and modification of habitat, chap. <i>of</i> Conservation and decline of amphibians: ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18636e4b05561fa206acb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilkinson, John W.","contributorId":147014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570726,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heatwole, Harold","contributorId":147199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heatwole","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570727,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lemckert, Francis","contributorId":147197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemckert","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecnar, Stephen","contributorId":147198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecnar","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176142,"text":"70176142 - 2012 - Assessment of two nonnative poeciliid fishes for monitoring selenium exposure in the endangered desert pupfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:15:48","indexId":"70176142","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of two nonnative poeciliid fishes for monitoring selenium exposure in the endangered desert pupfish","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assessed the suitability of two nonnative poeciliid fishes—western mosquitofish (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Gambusia affinis</i><span>) and sailfin mollies (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Poecilia latipinna</i><span>)—for monitoring selenium exposure in desert pupfish (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cyprinodon macularius</i><span>). Our investigation was prompted by a need to avoid lethal take of an endangered species (pupfish) when sampling fish for chemical analysis. Total selenium (SeTot) concentrations in both poeciliids were highly correlated with SeTot concentrations in pupfish. However, mean SeTot concentrations varied among fish species, with higher concentrations measured in mosquitofish than in mollies and pupfish from one of three sampled agricultural drains. Moreover, regression equations describing the relationship of selenomethionine to SeTot differed between mosquitofish and pupfish, but not between mollies and pupfish. Because selenium accumulates in animals primarily through dietary exposure, we examined fish trophic relationships by measuring stable isotopes (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C and </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N) and gut contents. According to </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C measurements, the trophic pathway leading to mosquitofish was more carbon-depleted than trophic pathways leading to mollies and pupfish, suggesting that energy flow to mosquitofish originated from allochthonous sources (terrestrial vegetation, emergent macrophytes, or both), whereas energy flow to mollies and pupfish originated from autochthonous sources (filamentous algae, submerged macrophytes, or both). The </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N measurements indicated that mosquitofish and mollies occupied similar trophic levels, whereas pupfish occupied a slightly higher trophic level. Analysis of gut contents showed that mosquitofish consumed mostly winged insects (an indication of terrestrial taxa), whereas mollies and pupfish consumed mostly organic detritus. Judging from our results, only mollies (not mosquitofish) are suitable for monitoring selenium exposure in pupfish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s11270-011-0974-7","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B.A., May, T.W., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2012, Assessment of two nonnative poeciliid fishes for monitoring selenium exposure in the endangered desert pupfish: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 223, no. 4, p. 1671-1683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0974-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1671","endPage":"1683","ipdsId":"IP-025710","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6ae9de4b0f2f0cebe4101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9415-6377 barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-6377","contributorId":2855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara","email":"barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176229,"text":"70176229 - 2012 - Definition of Greater Gulf Basin Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous lower Cenomanian Shale Gas Assessment Unit, United States Gulf of Mexico basin onshore and state waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T11:24:49","indexId":"70176229","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3365,"text":"Search and Discovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Definition of Greater Gulf Basin Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous lower Cenomanian Shale Gas Assessment Unit, United States Gulf of Mexico basin onshore and state waters","docAbstract":"<p>An assessment unit (AU) for undiscovered continuous “shale” gas in Lower Cretaceous (Aptian and Albian) and basal Upper Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian) rocks in the USA onshore Gulf of Mexico coastal plain recently was defined by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The AU is part of the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) of the Gulf of Mexico Basin. Definition of the AU was conducted as part of the 2010 USGS assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in Gulf Coast Mesozoic stratigraphic intervals. The purpose of defining the Greater Gulf Basin Lower Cretaceous Shale Gas AU was to propose a hypothetical AU in the Cretaceous part of the Gulf Coast TPS in which there might be continuous “shale” gas, but the AU was not quantitatively assessed by the USGS in 2010. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","usgsCitation":"Dennen, K., and Hackley, P.C., 2012, Definition of Greater Gulf Basin Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous lower Cenomanian Shale Gas Assessment Unit, United States Gulf of Mexico basin onshore and state waters: Search and Discovery, Article #10429: 37 p.","productDescription":"Article #10429: 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-033164","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.searchanddiscovery.com/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b1e4b04836416a0d4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennen, Kristin O.","contributorId":61437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178105,"text":"70178105 - 2012 - Geographic patterns of fishes and jellyfish in Puget Sound surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T14:46:03","indexId":"70178105","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic patterns of fishes and jellyfish in Puget Sound surface waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>We explored patterns of small pelagic fish assemblages and biomass of gelatinous zooplankton (jellyfish) in surface waters across four oceanographic subbasins of greater Puget Sound. Our study is the first to collect data documenting biomass of small pelagic fishes and jellyfish throughout Puget Sound; sampling was conducted opportunistically as part of a juvenile salmon survey of daytime monthly surface trawls at 52 sites during May–August 2003. Biomass composition differed spatially and temporally, but spatial differences were more distinct. Fish dominated in the two northern basins of Puget Sound, whereas jellyfish dominated in the two southern basins. Absolute and relative abundance of jellyfish, hatchery Chinook salmon </span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>, and chum salmon </span><i>O. keta</i><span> decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the absolute and relative abundance of most fish species and the average fish species richness increased with latitude. The abiotic factors with the strongest relationship to biomass composition were latitude, water clarity, and sampling date. Further study is needed to understand the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the taxonomic composition we observed in Puget Sound surface waters, especially as they relate to natural and anthropogenic influences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis ","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2012.680403","usgsCitation":"Rice, C.A., Duda, J.J., Greene, C.M., and Karr, J.R., 2012, Geographic patterns of fishes and jellyfish in Puget Sound surface waters: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 117-128, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.680403.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.680403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581afb66e4b0bb36a4ca664f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Casimir A.","contributorId":176564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Casimir","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, Correigh M.","contributorId":176565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"Correigh","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karr, James R.","contributorId":176566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174110,"text":"70174110 - 2012 - Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T16:45:11","indexId":"70174110","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The transition from freshwater to seawater is integral to the life history of many fishes. Diverse migratory fishes express anadromous, catadromous, and amphidromous life histories, while others make incomplete transits between freshwater and seawater. The physiological mechanisms of osmoregulation are widely conserved among phylogenetically diverse species. Diadromous fishes moving between freshwater and seawater develop osmoregulatory mechanisms for different environmental salinities. Freshwater to seawater transition involves hormonally mediated changes in gill ionocytes and the transport proteins associated with hypoosmoregulation, increased seawater ingestion and water absorption in the intestine, and reduced urinary water losses. Fishes attain salinity tolerance through early development, gradual acclimation, or environmentally or developmentally cued adaptations. This chapter describes adaptations in diverse taxa and the effects of salinity on growth. Identifying common strategies in diadromous fishes moving between freshwater and seawater will reveal the ecological and physiological basis for maintaining homeostasis in different salinities, and inform efforts to conserve and manage migratory euryhaline fishes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., and Michael P. Wilkie, 2012, Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes, chap. <i>of</i> Fish Physiology, p. 253-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2.","productDescription":"74 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037876","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315c0e4b006cb45558aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael P. Wilkie","contributorId":172495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael P. Wilkie","affiliations":[{"id":27055,"text":"Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Onatrio, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70173875,"text":"70173875 - 2012 - Lake sturgeon population attributes and reproductive structure in the Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:21:04","indexId":"70173875","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake sturgeon population attributes and reproductive structure in the Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"<p><span>Quantified were the age, growth, mortality and reproductive structure of lake sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) collected in the US and Canadian waters of the Namakan Reservoir. The hypotheses were tested that (i) age and growth of lake sturgeon in the Namakan Reservoir would differ by sex and reproductive stage of maturity, and (ii) that the relative strength of year-classes of lake sturgeon in the reservoir would be affected by environmental variables. To quantify age, growth and mortality of the population, existing data was used from a multi-agency database containing information on all lake sturgeon sampled in the reservoir from 2004 to 2009. Lake sturgeon were sampled in the Minnesota and Ontario waters of the Namakan Reservoir using multi-filament gillnets 1.8&nbsp;m high and 30&ndash;100&nbsp;m long and varying in mesh size from 178 to 356&nbsp;mm stretch. Reproductive structure of the lake sturgeon was assessed only during spring 2008 and 2009 using plasma testosterone and estradiol-17&beta; concentrations. Ages of lake sturgeon &gt;75&nbsp;cm ranged from 9 to 86&nbsp;years (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;533, mean&nbsp;=&nbsp;36&nbsp;years). A catch-curve analysis using the 1981&ndash;1953&nbsp;year classes estimated total annual mortality of adults to be 4.8% and annual survival as 95.2%. Using logistic regression analysis, it was found that total annual precipitation was positively associated with lake sturgeon year-class strength in the Namakan Reservoir. A 10&nbsp;cm increase in total annual precipitation was associated with at least a 39% increase in the odds of occurrence of a strong year class of lake sturgeon in the reservoir. Plasma steroid analysis revealed a sex ratio of 2.4 females: 1 male and, on average, 10% of female and 30% of male lake sturgeon were reproductively mature each year (i.e. potential spawners). Moreover, there was evidence based on re-captured male fish of both periodic and annual spawning, as well as the ability of males to rapidly undergo gonadal maturation prior to spawning. Knowledge of lake sturgeon reproductive structure and factors influencing recruitment success contribute to the widespread conservation efforts for this threatened species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01927.x","usgsCitation":"Shaw, S.L., Chipps, S.R., Windels, S.K., Webb, M., McLeod, D.T., and Willis, D., 2012, Lake sturgeon population attributes and reproductive structure in the Namakan Reservoir, Minnesota and Ontario: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 168-175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01927.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"175","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031252","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Minnesota, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Namakan Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.44696044921875,\n              48.25576986959547\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.44696044921875,\n              48.69821216562637\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.35931396484374,\n              48.69821216562637\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.35931396484374,\n              48.25576986959547\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.44696044921875,\n              48.25576986959547\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c34e4b07657d19a69fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, S. L.","contributorId":171918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Windels, Steve K.","contributorId":182422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Windels","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":18939,"text":"Voyageurs National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, M.A.H.","contributorId":102241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"M.A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLeod, D. T.","contributorId":171920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLeod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70174123,"text":"70174123 - 2012 - Expert knowledge as a foundation for the management of secretive species and their habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T13:22:05","indexId":"70174123","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Expert knowledge as a foundation for the management of secretive species and their habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this chapter, we share lessons learned during the elicitation and application of expert knowledge in the form of a belief network model for the habitat of a waterbird, the King Rail (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Rallus elegans</i><span>). A belief network is a statistical framework used to graphically represent and evaluate hypothesized cause and effect relationships among variables. Our model was a pilot project to explore the value of such a model as a tool to help the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) conserve species that lack sufficient empirical data to guide management decisions. Many factors limit the availability of empirical data that can support landscape-scale conservation planning. Globally, most species simply have not yet been subject to empirical study (Wilson 2000). Even for well-studied species, data are often restricted to specific geographic extents, to particular seasons, or to specific segments of a species’ life history. The USFWS mandates that the agency’s conservation actions (1) be coordinated across regional landscapes, (2) be founded on the best available science (with testable assumptions), and (3) support adaptive management through monitoring and assessment of action outcomes. Given limits on the available data, the concept of “best available science” in the context of conservation planning generally includes a mix of empirical data and expert knowledge (Sullivan et al. 2006).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Expert knowledge and its application in landscape ecology","language":"English","publisher":"Springer New York","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8","usgsCitation":"Drew, C.A., and Collazo, J., 2012, Expert knowledge as a foundation for the management of secretive species and their habitat, chap. <i>of</i> Expert knowledge and its application in landscape ecology, p. 87-107, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1034-8.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"107","ipdsId":"IP-030006","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3be4b0571647cf8dd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, C. Ashton","contributorId":140953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drew","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ashton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70173906,"text":"70173906 - 2012 - Available benthic habitat type may influence predation risk in larval lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T11:38:03","indexId":"70173906","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Available benthic habitat type may influence predation risk in larval lampreys","docAbstract":"<p><span>Population declines of lamprey species have largely been attributed to habitat degradation, yet there still remain many unanswered questions about the relationships between lampreys and their habitats (</span><a class=\"link__reference js-link__reference\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citation\" rel=\"references:#b14\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00532.x#b14\">Torgensen &amp; Close 2004</a><span>;&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link__reference js-link__reference\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citation\" rel=\"references:#b12\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00532.x#b12\">Smith et&nbsp;al. 2011</a><span>). One scarcely researched area of lamprey ecology is the effect of predation on lampreys (</span><a class=\"link__reference js-link__reference\" title=\"Link to bibliographic citation\" rel=\"references:#b2\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00532.x#b2\">Cochran 2009</a><span>). Specifically, the influence of available habitat on predation risk has not been documented for larval lampreys but may be important to the management and conservation of lamprey populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00532.x","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.M., Welsh, S., and Turk, P.J., 2012, Available benthic habitat type may influence predation risk in larval lampreys: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 21, no. 1, p. 160-163, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00532.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032153","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323674,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Monongahela River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.26611328125,\n              39.707186656826565\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1395263671875,\n              38.3287297527893\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.496826171875,\n              37.92253448828906\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8431396484375,\n              37.94852933714952\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4970703125,\n              39.20246222588238\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26611328125,\n              39.707186656826565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c2ee4b07657d19a69ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Dustin M.","contributorId":171829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turk, Philip J.","contributorId":171830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turk","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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