{"pageNumber":"6912","pageRowStart":"172775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184811,"records":[{"id":5224530,"text":"5224530 - 1956 - Fifty-sixth Christmas Bird Count. 147. Southern Dorchester County, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224530","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:13:24","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":935,"text":"Audubon Field Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fifty-sixth Christmas Bird Count. 147. Southern Dorchester County, Md","docAbstract":"Summary and Recommendations: We suggest that managers are approaching the limits of their ability to improve waterfowl harvest management, primarily because the information needed to make better decisions is being sacrificed by the current approach to setting regulations. We propose an actively adaptive management strategy in which regulatory decisions play a dominant role in reducing uncertainty about population dynamics. The proposed strategy recognizes 'value' in acquiring knowledge only to the extent that it contributes to the objective of optimizing harvests. To implement this strategy, managers will need: (1) a set of regulatory options, with possible constraints on their use; (2) quantifiable harvest management objectives; (3) a set of models that represent an array of meaningful hypotheses about the effects of regulations on populations; and (4) a measure of credibility (or likelihood) for each model, which can be updated regularly using information from waterfowl monitoring programs. Adaptive optimization is an iterative process in which the harvest-management policy converges over time to one that maximizes harvest under the most appropriate model. At each time step, an optimal regulatory decision is identified based on the state of the system and the model likelihoods. In the next time step, predicted population changes from the alternative models are compared with the actual changes provided by the monitoring program, The likelihoods are increased or decreased to the extent that predicted and actual population changes correspond. These updated likelihoods then are used in setting regulations in the next cycle and the process begins again. This iterative process produces the most informative regulations when uncertainty is prevalent and produces maximum sustainable yields as uncertainty is eliminated. We see no major obstacles to implementing this adaptive strategy, although there are a number of practical considerations. First and foremost, managers should assess the 'value' of learning. Only when there is a high degree of uncertainty about the effects of hunting regulations on population dynamics will the merit of our proposed strategy be evident. We suggest that this almost always will be true given our current understanding of the relationship between annual regulations, survival and population growth in waterfowl. Nonetheless, careful consideration should be given to formulating the set of alternative models. There is no value in distinguishing between models which differ in their mathematical formulation or biological realism, but which suggest similar harvest strategies. We suspect that 'mechanistic' models (i.e., those that attempt to capture the essence of biological processes) will make better candidates for model sets than so-called 'phenomenological' models. Assuming that all model sets include a good approximation of reality, learning rates will be dependent on the quality of monitoring programs. Fortunately, a variety of high-quality monitoring plans for many duck and goose populations of North America, when used with our adaptive approach, should provide new knowledge about population dynamics and response to hunting, and, thus, lead to improved management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Audubon Field Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1956, Fifty-sixth Christmas Bird Count. 147. Southern Dorchester County, Md: Audubon Field Notes, v. 10, no. 2, p. 112-113.","startPage":"112","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f48f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200091,"text":"5200091 - 1956 - New bird repellents for longleaf seed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200091","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:21","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":216,"text":"Southern Forestry Notes","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 105","title":"New bird repellents for longleaf seed","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"New Orleans, LA","usgsCitation":"Meanley, B., Mean, W., and Derr, H., 1956, New bird repellents for longleaf seed: Southern Forestry Notes No. 105.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meanley, B.","contributorId":43867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mean, W.F. Jr.","contributorId":78058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mean","given":"W.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derr, H.J.","contributorId":71298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derr","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210072,"text":"5210072 - 1956 - Rodenticides: Physical and biological characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210072","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rodenticides: Physical and biological characteristics","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of Biological Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Saunders","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, Pa.","collaboration":"OCLC 550135 Prepared under the direction of the Committee on the Handbook of Biological Data, Division of Biology and Agriculture, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council. PDF on file: 522_DeWitt.pdf","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J., 1956, Rodenticides: Physical and biological characteristics, chap. of Handbook of Biological Data.","productDescription":"xxxvi, 584","startPage":"409","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f35","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spector, William G.","contributorId":113532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spector","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505964,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, J.B.","contributorId":89080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210037,"text":"5210037 - 1956 - Wilson's snipe wintering ground studies, 1954-55","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Wilson's snipe wintering ground studies, 1954-55","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigations of Woodcock, Snipe, and Rails in 1955","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1956, Wilson's snipe wintering ground studies, 1954-55, chap. of Investigations of Woodcock, Snipe, and Rails in 1955, p. 47-54.","productDescription":"54","startPage":"47","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5eff75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210070,"text":"5210070 - 1956 - The juvenile plumage of the American woodcock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210070","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The juvenile plumage of the American woodcock","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Duvall, A., 1956, The juvenile plumage of the American woodcock, chap. of Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955, p. 43-46.","productDescription":"54","startPage":"43","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5ddc9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duvall, A.J.","contributorId":59143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duvall","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200078,"text":"5200078 - 1956 - Guide to waterfowl banding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5200078","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Guide to waterfowl banding","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Addy, C., 1956, Guide to waterfowl banding, 162.","productDescription":"162","numberOfPages":"162","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db64265b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Addy, C.E.","contributorId":22009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addy","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048384,"text":"tei634 - 1956 - Geology of the Midnite Mine area, Spokane Indian Reservation, Stevens County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-22T09:26:38","indexId":"tei634","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-13T13:41:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"634","title":"Geology of the Midnite Mine area, Spokane Indian Reservation, Stevens County, Washington","docAbstract":"The Midnite mine is on the Spokane Indian Reservation, Stevens County, Wash. Geologic mapping and reconnaissance in the vicinity of the mine indicate metasedimentary rocks of probable Precambrian age have been intruded by two varieties of quartz monzonite of probable Cretaceous age. Porphyritic quartz monzonite underlies about three-fourths of the mapped area, and equigranular quartz monzonite underlies about one-thirtieth of the area. Metasedimentary rocks have been thermally metamorphosed in the vicinity of the intrusives. Uranium minerals are restricted to the vicinity of the contact between porphyritic quartz monzonite and schistose or spotted phyllite. The largest and richest uranium deposits are where the contact is relatively steeply dipping and highly irregular in detail. Uranium minerals are most abundant in brecciated and fractured or jointed schist but are also present along joints and grain boundaries in the adjacent quartz monzonite. Secondary uranium minerals comprise all known ore deposits; uraninite was found only in one diamond-drill core from the Midnite property. The origin of the deposits is not known, but several features suggest a hydrothermal origin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei634","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Boudette, E.L., and Weis, P., 1956, Geology of the Midnite Mine area, Spokane Indian Reservation, Stevens County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 634, Report: 38 p.; Plate 1: 21.10 inches x 21.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei634.","productDescription":"Report: 38 p.; Plate 1: 21.10 inches x 21.24 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/634/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279539,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/634/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":279538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/634/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Spokane Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.104286,47.834086 ], [ -118.104286,47.963003 ], [ -118.021324,47.963003 ], [ -118.021324,47.834086 ], [ -118.104286,47.834086 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5242b463e4b096ee624641ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boudette, Eugene L.","contributorId":65085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudette","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weis, Paul L.","contributorId":102872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197596,"text":"70197596 - 1956 - Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T18:55:08.636698","indexId":"70197596","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1955","docAbstract":"

Ground-water studies in the Missouri River Basin were begun by the United States Geological Survey during the fall of 1945 as a part of the program for development of the resources of the basin by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and other Federal Agencies. The studies of the ground-water resources in the part of Kansas that lies within the Basin have been coordinated with the cooperative program of ground-water studies already being carried on in Kansas by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Kansas State Geological Survey, the Division of Sanitation of the Kansas State Board of Health, and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture.

Areas in which ground-water data have been and are being collected are the following: Almena Unit in Norton and Phillips Counties; the Bostwick Unit in Jewell, Republic, and Cloud Counties; the Cedar Bluff Unit in Ellis, Rush, and Trego Counties; the Glen Elder Unit in Mitchell County; Kanopolis unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties; Kirwin unit in Phillips, Smith, and Osborne Counties; St. Francis unit in Cheyenne County ; the Webster Unit in Osborne County; and the Wilson Unit in Lincoln County. Data relating to the Ladder Creek project in Greeley, Gove, Lane, Logan, Scott, Wallace, and Wichita Counties will be published later in a separate report.

This report is the ninth of a series of annual reports on ground-water in the nine above-named units in Kansas and contains the data collected during 1955. The first report of the series contained the data collected prior to and through 1947. An index to the data contained in this and previous reports is given in table 1.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70197596","collaboration":"Compiled in cooperation with the State Geological Survey of Kansas, the Division of Sanitation of the Kansas State Board of Health, and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture.","usgsCitation":"Mason, B., 1956, Ground-water data collected in the Missouri River basin units in Kansas during 1955: Open-File Report, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70197596.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70197596/report.pdf"},{"id":354994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70197596/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, B.J.","contributorId":53029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175513,"text":"70175513 - 1956 - Ceroid in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T22:01:56","indexId":"70175513","displayToPublicDate":"1999-03-03T02:30:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5172,"text":"The American Journal of Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ceroid in fish","docAbstract":"

Since the original description of ceroid in rats, many papers have appeared on the etiology and characteristics of this pigment. It was first seen as a yellow, granular pigment in hematoxylin and eosin sections of the cirrhotic livers of choline deficient rats. The pigment was more fully characterized by Endicott and Lillie, and additional stainging reactions were summarized recently by Lillie. The pigment is sudanophilic in paraffin sections, acid-fast, basophilic, isotropic, iron negative, and highly resistant to solution in water, alcohol, fat solvents, and dilute aqueous acids and alkalis. It is stained by Mallory's hemofuscin stain and Weigert's myelin stain. It reduces osmium tetraoxide and diamine silver carbonate but not ferric ferricyanide. The Gmelin reactions for bile pigments is negative. It has a greenish yellow fluorescence at 3650-3660 Å. It is Schiff positive with or without antecedent diastase digestion after performic or periodic acid oxidation.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists","usgsCitation":"Wood, E.M., and Yasutake, W.T., 1956, Ceroid in fish: The American Journal of Pathology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 591-603.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"603","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1942690/?page=1"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b2e7b7e4b03bcb0102e884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, E. M.","contributorId":68685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71604,"text":"tei580 - 1956 - Bibliography and index of literature on uranium and thorium and radioactive occurrences in the United States, parts 5, 6, and 7: northeastern section","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:20:29","indexId":"tei580","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"580","title":"Bibliography and index of literature on uranium and thorium and radioactive occurrences in the United States, parts 5, 6, and 7: northeastern section","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei580","usgsCitation":"Cooper, M., 1956, Bibliography and index of literature on uranium and thorium and radioactive occurrences in the United States, parts 5, 6, and 7: northeastern section: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 580, 801 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei580.","productDescription":"801 p.","numberOfPages":"802","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0580/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.57,36.81 ], [ -91.57,47.6 ], [ -67.43,47.6 ], [ -67.43,36.81 ], [ -91.57,36.81 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a13c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Margaret","contributorId":90308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71607,"text":"tei583 - 1956 - Summary of the mineralogy of the Colorado Plateau uranium ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:32:11","indexId":"tei583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"583","title":"Summary of the mineralogy of the Colorado Plateau uranium ores","docAbstract":"

In the Colorado Plateau uranium has been produced chiefly from very shallow mines in carnotite ores (oxidized vanadiferous uranium ores) until recent deeper mining penetrated black unoxidized ores in water-saturated rocks and extensive exploration has discovered many deposits of low to nonvanadiferous ores. The uranium ores include a wide range from highly vanadiferous and from as much as one percent to a trace of copper, and contain a small amount of iron and traces of lead, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, silver, manganese, and other metals.

\n
\n

Recent investigation indicates that the carnotite ores have been derived by progressive oxidation of primary (unoxidized) black ores that contain low-valent uranium and vanadium oxides and silicates. The uranium minerals, uraninite and coffinite, are associated with coalified wood or other carbonaceous material. The vanadium minerals, chiefly montroseite, roscoelite, and other vanadium silicates, occur in the interstices of the sandstone and in siltstone and clay pellets as well as associated with fossil wood. Calcite, dolomite, barite and minor amounts of sulfides, arsenides, and selenides occur in the unoxidized ore.

\n
\n

Partially oxidized vanadiferous ore is blue black, purplish brown, or greenish black in contrast to the black or dark gray unoxidized ore. Vanadium combines with uranium to form rauvite. The excess vanadium is present in corvusite, fernandinite, melanovanadite and many other quadrivalent and quinquevalent vanadium minerals as well as in vanadium silicates. Pyrite and part or all of the calcite are replaced by iron oxides and gypsum.

\n
\n

In oxidized vanadiferous uranium ores the uranium is fixed in the relatively insoluble minerals carnotite and tyuyamunite, and the excess vanadium commonly combines with one or more of the following: calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, copper, manganese, or barium, or rarely it forms the hydrated pentoxide. The relatively stable vanadium silicates are little affected by oxidation.

\n
\n

The unoxidized nonvanadiferous ores contain uraninite and coffinite in close association with coalified wood and iron and copper sulfides, and traces of many other sulfides, arsenides and selenides. The oxidized nonvanadiferous ores differ from the vanadiferous ores because, in the absence of vanadium to complex the uranium, a great variety of secondary yellow and greenish-yellow uranyl minerals are formed. The uranyl sulfates and carbonates are more common than the oxides, phosphates, arsenates, and silicates. Because the sulfates and carbonates are much less stable that carnotite, the oxidized nonvanadiferous ores occure only as halos around cores of unoxidized ore and do not form large oxidized deposits close to the surface of the ground as carnotite ores.

\n
\n

Oxidation has taken place since the lowering of the water table in the present erosion cycle. Because of local structures and the highly lenticular character of the fluviatile host rocks perched water tables and water-saturated lenses of sandstone are common high above the regional water table. Unoxidized ore has been preserved in these water-saturated rocks and the boundary between oxidized and unoxidized ore is very irregular.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei583","usgsCitation":"Weeks, A., Coleman, R.G., and Thompson, M.E., 1956, Summary of the mineralogy of the Colorado Plateau uranium ores: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 583, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei583.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290028,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0583/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.064986,36.964627 ], [ -110.064986,37.035916 ], [ -109.936926,37.035916 ], [ -109.936926,36.964627 ], [ -110.064986,36.964627 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6988c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, Alice D.","contributorId":92730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Alice D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, Robert Griffin","contributorId":89527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Griffin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Mary E.","contributorId":67591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71611,"text":"tei588 - 1956 - Behavior of Colorado Plateau uranium minerals during oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:43:18","indexId":"tei588","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"588","title":"Behavior of Colorado Plateau uranium minerals during oxidation","docAbstract":"

Uranium occurs as U(VI) and U(IV) in minerals of the Colorado Plateau ores. The number of species containing U(VI) is large, but only two U(IV) minerals are known from the Plateau: uraninite, and oxide, and coffinite, a hydroxy-silicate. These oxidize to yield U(VI) before reacting significantly with other mineral constituents. Crystal-structure analysis has shown that U(VI) invariable occurs as uranyl ion, UO2+2. Uranyl ion may form complex carbonate or sulfate ions with resulting soluble compounds, but only in the absence of quinquevalent vanadium, arsenic, or phosphorous. In the presence of these elements in the +5 valence state, the uranyl ion is fixed in insoluble layer compounds formed by union of uranyl ion with orthovanadate, orthophosphate, or orthoarsenate. Under favorable conditions UO2+2 may react to form the relatively insoluble rutherfordine, UO2CO3, or hydrated uranyl hydroxides. These are rarely found on the Colorado Plateau as opposed to their excellent development in other uraniferous areas, a condition which is apparently related to the semiarid climate and low water table of the Plateau. Uranium may also be fixed as uranyl silicate, but little is known about minerals of this kind. In the present study emphasis has been placed on a detailing of the chemical and crystal structural changes which occur in the oxidation paragenetic sequence.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei588","usgsCitation":"Garrels, R.M., and Christ, C., 1956, Behavior of Colorado Plateau uranium minerals during oxidation: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 588, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei588.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290034,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0588/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.064986,36.964627 ], [ -110.064986,37.035916 ], [ -109.936926,37.035916 ], [ -109.936926,36.964627 ], [ -110.064986,36.964627 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrels, Robert Minard","contributorId":93974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrels","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Minard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71603,"text":"tei579 - 1956 - Rapid-scanning microphotometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:17:46","indexId":"tei579","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"579","title":"Rapid-scanning microphotometry","docAbstract":"

A rapid-scanning microphotometer is described with which a 10-inch spectrum may be scanned in two minutes. The resulting chart may be 60, 300, or 1,500 cm long (wavelength scale) and 4 cm high (intensity scale). Commercially available components are used.

","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei579","usgsCitation":"Helz, A., 1956, Rapid-scanning microphotometry: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 579, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei579.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290020,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0579/report.pdf"},{"id":290021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0579/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64936f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, A.W.","contributorId":100042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71605,"text":"tei581 - 1956 - Uranium in carbonaceous rocks in the Townsend and Helena valleys, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:26:29","indexId":"tei581","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"581","title":"Uranium in carbonaceous rocks in the Townsend and Helena valleys, Montana","docAbstract":"

Uranium-bearing carbonaceous shale and lignite beds are exposed in five areas in the Townsend and Helena Valleys in western Montana. The greatest number of exposures is in an area of several square miles northeast of Winston in the Townsend Valley. The uranium-bearing beds are in the lower part of a Tertiary unit that consists largely of thin-bedded, white to buff, pure and impure tuffs, locally altered to bentonite.

\n
\n

The uranium occurrences, none of which appear to be commercial, have three characteristics in common: (1) they are in and adjacent to carbonaceous shale or lignite interbedded with light-gray of white, fine-grained tuffs and lapilli tuffs, (2) the stratigraphic section in the vicinity of the deposits includes bentonite and partly bentonized tuff, and (3) the distribution of the uranium in the favorable beds is erratic. The uranium was probably leached from the tuffs and lapilli tuffs by meteoric water during bentonization and was concentrated in the carbonaceous shale and lignite.

\n
\n

Similar Tertiary rocks are present in many of the major valleys in Western Montana and probably warrant prospecting for uranium. Areas containing white, fine-grained tuff or lapilli tuff, bentonite, and coal, or carbonaceous shale would be particularly favorable for prospecting.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei581","usgsCitation":"Becraft, G.E., 1956, Uranium in carbonaceous rocks in the Townsend and Helena valleys, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 581, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei581.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290024,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0581/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Helena","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.083282,46.559223 ], [ -112.083282,46.627493 ], [ -111.948106,46.627493 ], [ -111.948106,46.559223 ], [ -112.083282,46.559223 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6054a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becraft, George E.","contributorId":68698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becraft","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71606,"text":"tei582 - 1956 - Duttonite, a new quadrivalent vanadium oxide from the Peanut mine, Montrose County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:28:59","indexId":"tei582","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"582","title":"Duttonite, a new quadrivalent vanadium oxide from the Peanut mine, Montrose County, Colorado","docAbstract":"

Duttonite, a new quadrivalent vanadium oxide from the Peanut mine, Montrose County, Colo., has the formula VO(OH)2. The mineral occurs as crusts and coatings of pale-brown transparent platy crystals, as one of the first oxidation products of montroseite ore. It is associated with melanovanadite and abundant crystals of hexagonal native selenium. Duttonite is biaxial positive, 2V is about 60°, dispersion is r < v, moderate; X = a, pale pinkish brown; Y = c, pale yellow-brown; Z = b, pale brown; α = 1.810 ± 0.003, β = 1.900 ± 0.003, γ > 2.01. The hardness is about 2.5; the calculated specific gravity is 3.24.

\n
\n

The chemical analysis shows, in percent: V2o3 2.6, V2O4 75.3, FeO 0.4, H2O 18.1, insoluble 4.2, total 100.6.

\n
\n

Duttonite is monoclinic, ao = 8.80 ± 0.02A, bo - 3.95 ± 0.01A, co - 5.96 ± 0.02A, β = 90°401 ± 51. The space group is I2/c, (C62h); the cell contents are 4[VO(OH)2]. The crystals are strongly pseudo-orthorhombic, and the structure departs only slightly from the space group Imcm.

\n
\n

Duttonite is named for Captain Clarence Edward Dutton (1841-1912).

\n
\n

A detailed study of the geology, geochemistry, and mineralogy of the vanadium-uranium ore at the Peanut mine, Montrose County, Colo., was begun early in 1954 by Carl H. Roach of the U. S. Geological Survey. A number of rare and new minerals were found in the ore and the study of these samples was undertaken by Mary E. Thompson. Duttonite is the first new vanadium mineral to be described from the Peanut mine. It is named for Captain Clarence Edward Dutton (1841-1912), who was one of the first geologists to work in the Colorado Plateau region and who was a member of the U. s. Geological Survey from 1879-91.

\n
\n

We are indebted to the following members of the Geological Surbey: K. E. Valentine for spectrographic analyses of duttonite, and M. E. Mrose and H. T. Evans, Jr., for measurement of the unit cell constants. This work is part of a program being conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei582","usgsCitation":"Thompson, M.E., Roach, C.H., and Meyrowitz, R., 1956, Duttonite, a new quadrivalent vanadium oxide from the Peanut mine, Montrose County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 582, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei582.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290026,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0582/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Montrose County","otherGeospatial":"Peanut Mine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.060256,38.152156 ], [ -109.060256,38.668569 ], [ -107.50002,38.668569 ], [ -107.50002,38.152156 ], [ -109.060256,38.152156 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fecf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Mary Eleanor","contributorId":36240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Eleanor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roach, Carl Houston","contributorId":103295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"Houston","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyrowitz, Robert","contributorId":62680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyrowitz","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71608,"text":"tei584 - 1956 - Some observations on rutherfordine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:37:23","indexId":"tei584","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"584","title":"Some observations on rutherfordine","docAbstract":"

The optical properties of rutherfordine, UO2CO3, previously determined on microscopic crystals, have been redetermined on considerably larger crystals; and the relations among the indices of refraction, the morphology, and the crystal structure have been examined. Rutherfordine is orthorhombic, biaxial positive, with α = 1.715, β = 1.730, γ = 1.795, 2V = 53° (calc.); X = b, Y = c (elongation, Z = a. The crystal structure of UO2CO 3 consists of layers of carbonate groups parallel to (010) with linear (O-U-O) ions normal to the layers. The indices β and γ correspond to vibration directions parallel to layers; the unexpectedly large difference in value between β and γ is ascribed to the optical anisotropy of the uranium-oxygen bonding in the layer. Indexed X-ray powder data are given.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei584","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., and Christ, C., 1956, Some observations on rutherfordine: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 584, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei584.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290030,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0584/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e8e4b07f02db5e8ed1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joan R.","contributorId":71648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71612,"text":"tei589 - 1956 - A fluorimetric study of the thorium-morin system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:46:23","indexId":"tei589","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"589","title":"A fluorimetric study of the thorium-morin system","docAbstract":"

Thorium reacts with morin to yield a yellow complex that fluoresces when irradiated with ultraviolet light. The effect on the fluorescence of such variable as concentration of acid, alcohol, thorium, morin, and complex; time, temperature, and wavelength of exciting light are studied to determine experimental conditions yielding maximum fluorescence. The effects of Zr4+, Al3+, Fe3+, Ca2+, and La3+ are discussed.

\n
\n

The fundamental relationships between light absorption and fluorescence are expressed in a general equation which applied to a three-component system when the fluorescence is measured in a transmission-type fluorimeter. This general equation is used to obtain an expression for the fluorescence of the thorium-morin system.

\n
\n

Equations, derived from experimental data, related both the fraction of thorium reacted to form complex and the fraction of unquenched fluorescence to the concentration of uncombined morin. These functions, when combined with the general equation, give an expression which relates the total net fluorescence to the amount of uncombined morin in the solution. This last equation can be used to determine the one region for the concentration of uncombined morin that gives maximum sensitivity for the system. Calculated standard curves are in excellent agreement with experimental curves.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei589","usgsCitation":"Milkey, R.G., and Fletcher, M., 1956, A fluorimetric study of the thorium-morin system: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 589, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei589.","productDescription":"56 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290036,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0589/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeb36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milkey, Robert G.","contributorId":84006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milkey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Mary H.","contributorId":52954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Mary H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71625,"text":"tei604 - 1956 - Botanical prospecting for uranium in the Circle Cliffs area, Garfield County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T06:55:03","indexId":"tei604","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"604","title":"Botanical prospecting for uranium in the Circle Cliffs area, Garfield County, Utah","docAbstract":"Astragalus pattersoni and Stanleya pinnata broadly define some uraniferous localities adjacent to the contact of the Moenkopi formation and the Shinarump member of the Chinle formation, but the general paucity of Astragalus in the Circle Cliffs area limits the usefulness of this genus. Astragalus pattersoni, Stanleya pinnata, and Aster venustus(?) may serve as guides to mineralized parts of the Salt Wash sandstone member of the Morrison formation in the Circle Cliffs area. Thick and thin sandstones of the Shinarump member generally can be distinguished by pinyon-juniper ration studies. These studies may supplement drilling to define channel-fill sandstones which are associated with ore deposits in the Circle Cliffs area. Ratio studies appear to be applicable to other areas throughout the Colorado Plateau where similar geological and ecological conditions exist.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei604","usgsCitation":"Kleinhampl, F.J., and Koteff, C., 1956, Botanical prospecting for uranium in the Circle Cliffs area, Garfield County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 604, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei604.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290040,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0604/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Garfield County","otherGeospatial":"Circle Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.6892,37.5356 ], [ -112.6892,38.154 ], [ -109.9272,38.154 ], [ -109.9272,37.5356 ], [ -112.6892,37.5356 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleinhampl, F. J.","contributorId":64650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinhampl","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koteff, Carl","contributorId":73172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koteff","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71641,"text":"tei623 - 1956 - The determination of calcium in phosphate, carbonate, and silicate rocks by flame photometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T07:26:22","indexId":"tei623","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"623","title":"The determination of calcium in phosphate, carbonate, and silicate rocks by flame photometer","docAbstract":"

A method has been developed for the determination of calcium in phosphate, carbonate, and silicate rocks using the Beckman flame photometer, with photomultiplier attachement.

\n
\n

The sample is dissolved in hydrofluoric, nitric, and perchloric acids, the hydrofluoric and nitric acids are expelled, a radiation buffer consisting of aluminum, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid is added, and the solution is atomized in an oxy-hydrogen flame with an instrument setting of 554 mµ. Measurements are made by comparison against calcium standards, prepared in the same manner, in the 0 to 50 ppm range.

\n
\n

The suppression of calcium emission by aluminum and phosphate was overcome by the addition of a large excess of magnesium. This addition almost completely restores the standard curve obtained from a solution of calcium nitrate. Interference was noted when the iron concentration in the aspirated solution (including the iron from the buffer) exceeded 100 ppm iron. Other common rock-forming elements did not interfere.

\n
\n

The results obtained by this procedure are within ± 2 percent of the calcium oxide values obtained by other methods in the range 1 to 95 percent calcium oxide. In the 0 to 1 percent calcium oxide range the method compares favorably with standard methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei623","usgsCitation":"Kramer, H., 1956, The determination of calcium in phosphate, carbonate, and silicate rocks by flame photometer: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 623, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei623.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290056,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0623/report.pdf"},{"id":290057,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, Henry","contributorId":98587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69319,"text":"om186 - 1956 - Geologic map of the lower Siuslaw River area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T16:15:16","indexId":"om186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":329,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Map","code":"OM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"186","title":"Geologic map of the lower Siuslaw River area, Oregon","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/om186","usgsCitation":"Baldwin, E., 1956, Geologic map of the lower Siuslaw River area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Map 186, Plate: 46.46 x 39.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/om186.","productDescription":"Plate: 46.46 x 39.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":104967,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5338.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5338"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Siuslaw River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.500,\n 43.7500\n ],\n [\n -124.1806,\n 43.7500\n ],\n [\n -124.1806,\n 44.2500\n ],\n [\n -123.500,\n 44.2500\n ],\n [\n -123.500,\n 43.7500\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldwin, E.M.","contributorId":92339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71633,"text":"tei613 - 1956 - Uranium-bearing coal in the eastern part of the Red Desert area, Great Divide basin, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:48","indexId":"tei613","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"613","title":"Uranium-bearing coal in the eastern part of the Red Desert area, Great Divide basin, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei613","usgsCitation":"Masursky, H., 1956, Uranium-bearing coal in the eastern part of the Red Desert area, Great Divide basin, Sweetwater County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 613, 199 p., 70 fig. [some missing], https://doi.org/10.3133/tei613.","productDescription":"199 p., 70 fig. [some missing]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90880,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90881,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90882,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90883,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90884,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90885,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90886,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90887,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90888,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90889,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90890,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/613/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60531b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masursky, Harold","contributorId":94304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71635,"text":"tei615 - 1956 - Uranium distribution in pseudowollastonite slag from a phosphorus furnace","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T07:05:07","indexId":"tei615","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"615","title":"Uranium distribution in pseudowollastonite slag from a phosphorus furnace","docAbstract":"Silicate slag from the Victor Chemical Company phosphorus furnace at Tarpon Springs, Fla., has been found to consist essentially of pseudowollastonite, α-CaSiO3. The first-formed crystals are euhedral laths which form a mesh making up most of the slag. As the slag continues to solidify, its composition changes slightly and more equant, subhedral crystals of pseudowollastonite are deposited within the framework of the earlier material. Finally, anherdral masses of fibrous, poorly crystallized material are deposited in the remaining pore spaces which are not always completely filled. Spherules of iron phosphide, Fe2P, occur very sparsely in the slag as inclusions from the immiscible iron phosphide melt. Uranium content increases in the later crystal products of the slag, and by heavy-liquid fractionation it has been possible to segregate partially the phases and to obtain a fourfold concentration of uranium in 5 percent of the material and a twofold concentration in 30 percent of the material. Nuclear-emulsion studies indicate that the last phases of the silicate slag are actually eight times as radioactive as the early phases. In addition, the iron phosphide spherules are comparably enriches in uranium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei615","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Young, E., and Altschuler, Z.S., 1956, Uranium distribution in pseudowollastonite slag from a phosphorus furnace: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 615, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei615.","productDescription":"17 p.","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290046,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0615/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6054e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Edward","contributorId":72308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Altschuler, Zalman S.","contributorId":71261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altschuler","given":"Zalman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":34407,"text":"b1036G - 1956 - X-ray powder data for uranium and thorium minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:26","indexId":"b1036G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1036","chapter":"G","title":"X-ray powder data for uranium and thorium minerals","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1036G","usgsCitation":"Frondel, C., Riska, D., and Frondel, J.W., 1956, X-ray powder data for uranium and thorium minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1036, p. 91-153 ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1036G.","productDescription":"p. 91-153 ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1036g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62334,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1036g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frondel, Clifford","contributorId":47002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frondel","given":"Clifford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riska, Daphne","contributorId":106179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riska","given":"Daphne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frondel, Judith Weiss","contributorId":55810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frondel","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"Weiss","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16137,"text":"ofr56112 - 1956 - Gravity survey of Ogden Valley, Weber County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:17","indexId":"ofr56112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-112","title":"Gravity survey of Ogden Valley, Weber County, Utah","docAbstract":"Ogden Valley is a northwest trending valley within the Wasatch Mountains \r\nof north-central Utah. On the basis of geological evidence Ogden Valley is \r\nbelieved to be structurally controlled by normal faults along both the east \r\nand west margins. Gravity measurements in the valley definitely indicate a \r\nfault with at least 2000 feet of vertical displacement along the west margin \r\nof the valley. A fault with at least 1000 feet of vertical displacement is \r\npostulated along the east margin of the valley, together with three smaller, \r\nburied faults within the valley. The maximum depth of Quaternary alluvium \r\nand Tertiary sediments within the valley is about 6000 feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr56112","usgsCitation":"Stewart, S.W., 1956, Gravity survey of Ogden Valley, Weber County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 56-112, 28 p. ill., maps ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr56112.","productDescription":"28 p. ill., maps ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45053,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0112/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45054,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0112/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45055,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0112/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45056,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Samuel Woods","contributorId":101685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"Woods","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35652,"text":"b1042D - 1956 - Quicksilver deposits near Weiser, Washington County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T13:35:05.373006","indexId":"b1042D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1042","chapter":"D","title":"Quicksilver deposits near Weiser, Washington County, Idaho","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1042D","usgsCitation":"Ross, C.P., 1956, Quicksilver deposits near Weiser, Washington County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1042, Report: 39 p.; 4 Plates: 17.92 x 28.98 inches or smaller; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1042D.","productDescription":"Report: 39 p.; 4 Plates: 17.92 x 28.98 inches or smaller; HTML 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