{"pageNumber":"692","pageRowStart":"17275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70034034,"text":"70034034 - 2011 - Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity in the American Southwest, Part 1: The Southern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande Regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70034034","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2181,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity in the American Southwest, Part 1: The Southern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande Regions","docAbstract":"Maize is the New World's preeminent grain crop and it provided the economic basis for human culture in many regions within the Americas. To flourish, maize needs water, sunlight (heat), and nutrients (e. g., nitrogen). In this paper, climate and soil chemistry data are used to evaluate the potential for dryland (rainon-field) agriculture in the semiarid southeastern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande regions. Processes that impact maize agriculture such as nitrogen mineralization, infiltration of precipitation, bare soil evaporation, and transpiration are discussed and evaluated. Most of the study area, excepting high-elevation regions, receives sufficient solar radiation to grow maize. The salinities of subsurface soils in the central San Juan Basin are very high and their nitrogen concentrations are very low. In addition, soils of the central San Juan Basin are characterized by pH values that exceed 8.0, which limit the availability of both nitrogen and phosphorous. In general, the San Juan Basin, including Chaco Canyon, is the least promising part of the study area in terms of dryland farming. Calculations of field life, using values of organic nitrogen for the upper 50 cm of soil in the study area, indicate that most of the study area could not support a 10-bushel/acre crop of maize. The concepts, methods, and calculations used to quantify maize productivity in this study are applicable to maize cultivation in other environmental settings across the Americas. ?? 2010 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10816-010-9082-z","issn":"10725369","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., 2011, Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian and Early Historic Maize Productivity in the American Southwest, Part 1: The Southern Colorado Plateau and Rio Grande Regions: Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, v. 18, no. 1, p. 1-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-010-9082-z.","startPage":"1","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-010-9082-z"},{"id":244762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e97e4b0c8380cd53524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034819,"text":"70034819 - 2011 - Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:43","indexId":"70034819","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river","docAbstract":"Many applications in river research and management rely upon two-dimensional (2D) numerical models to characterize flow fields, assess habitat conditions, and evaluate channel stability. Predictions from such models are potentially highly uncertain due to the uncertainty associated with the topographic data provided as input. This study used a spatial stochastic simulation strategy to examine the effects of topographic uncertainty on flow modeling. Many, equally likely bed elevation realizations for a simple meander bend were generated and propagated through a typical 2D model to produce distributions of water-surface elevation, depth, velocity, and boundary shear stress at each node of the model's computational grid. Ensemble summary statistics were used to characterize the uncertainty associated with these predictions and to examine the spatial structure of this uncertainty in relation to channel morphology. Simulations conditioned to different data configurations indicated that model predictions became increasingly uncertain as the spacing between surveyed cross sections increased. Model sensitivity to topographic uncertainty was greater for base flow conditions than for a higher, subbankfull flow (75% of bankfull discharge). The degree of sensitivity also varied spatially throughout the bend, with the greatest uncertainty occurring over the point bar where the flow field was influenced by topographic steering effects. Uncertain topography can therefore introduce significant uncertainty to analyses of habitat suitability and bed mobility based on flow model output. In the presence of such uncertainty, the results of these studies are most appropriately represented in probabilistic terms using distributions of model predictions derived from a series of topographic realizations. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009618","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C., Kyriakidis, P., McDonald, R.R., and Nelson, J.M., 2011, Effects of uncertain topographic input data on two-dimensional flow modeling in a gravel-bed river: Water Resources Research, v. 47, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009618"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081ae4b0c8380cd51996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, C.J.","contributorId":104727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kyriakidis, P.C.","contributorId":66506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyriakidis","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, R. R.","contributorId":72810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70194385,"text":"70194385 - 2011 - Long-term observations of Boreal Toads at an ARMI apex site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:22:30","indexId":"70194385","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long-term observations of Boreal Toads at an ARMI apex site","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey’s Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) is a national project with goals to monitor the status and trends of amphibians, conduct research on causes of declines, and provide information and support to management agencies for conservation of amphibian populations. ARMI activities are organized around extensive inventories and place-based monitoring (such as collaboration with the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network), and intensive population studies and research at selected locations (apex sites). One such site is an oxbow pond on the Buffalo Fork near the Black Rock Ranger Station east of Grand Teton National Park. We have been conducting mark-recapture of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas) at Black Rock since 2002. In concert with studies of other toad populations in the Rocky Mountains, we have documented a high rate of incidence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and a negative rate of growth of the toad population, but not the population crash or extinction observed in other populations with high prevalence of Bd. Long-term observations at other ARMI apex sites have proven invaluable for studying effects of climate change on amphibian behavior, and the Black Rock site has been upgraded with onsite recording of weather data and auditory monitoring of other amphibian species. Continued research at Black Rock will be critical for understanding the interrelated effects of climate and disease on amphibians in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Questioning Greater Yellowstone’s future: Climate, land use, and invasive species. Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Scientific Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Biennial Scientific Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","conferenceDate":"October 11–13, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Yellowstone National Park, WY, and Laramie, WY","language":"English","publisher":"Yellowstone Center for Resources and University of Wyoming William D. Ruckelshaus Institute of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Corn, P.S., Muths, E.L., and Pilliod, D., 2011, Long-term observations of Boreal Toads at an ARMI apex site, <i>in</i> Questioning Greater Yellowstone’s future: Climate, land use, and invasive species. Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Scientific Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Yellowstone National Park, WY, and Laramie, WY, October 11–13, 2010, p. 101-104.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2011_corn_p002.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fbe4b06e28e9c25624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":31693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":147050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037024,"text":"70037024 - 2011 - Predicting carnivore occurrence with noninvasive surveys and occupancy modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T13:12:41","indexId":"70037024","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting carnivore occurrence with noninvasive surveys and occupancy modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Terrestrial carnivores typically have large home ranges and exist at low population densities, thus presenting challenges to wildlife researchers. We employed multiple, noninvasive survey methods&mdash;scat detection dogs, remote cameras, and hair snares&mdash;to collect detection&ndash;nondetection data for elusive American black bears (</span><i class=\"a-plus-plus\">Ursus americanus</i><span>), fishers (</span><i class=\"a-plus-plus\">Martes pennanti)</i><span>, and bobcats (</span><i class=\"a-plus-plus\">Lynx rufus</i><span>) throughout the rugged Vermont landscape. We analyzed these data using occupancy modeling that explicitly incorporated detectability as well as habitat and landscape variables. For black bears, percentage of forested land within 5&nbsp;km of survey sites was an important positive predictor of occupancy, and percentage of human developed land within 5&nbsp;km was a negative predictor. Although the relationship was less clear for bobcats, occupancy appeared positively related to the percentage of both mixed forest and forested wetland habitat within 1&nbsp;km of survey sites. The relationship between specific covariates and fisher occupancy was unclear, with no specific habitat or landscape variables directly related to occupancy. For all species, we used model averaging to predict occurrence across the study area. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of our black bear and fisher models suggested that occupancy modeling efforts with data from noninvasive surveys could be useful for carnivore conservation and management, as they provide insights into habitat use at the regional and landscape scale without requiring capture or direct observation of study species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-010-9547-1","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Long, R.A., Donovan, T., MacKay, P., Zielinski, W.J., and Buzas, J.S., 2011, Predicting carnivore occurrence with noninvasive surveys and occupancy modeling: Landscape Ecology, v. 26, no. 3, p. 327-340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-010-9547-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013148","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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A.","contributorId":11732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Long","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese M.","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKay, Paula","contributorId":37042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKay","given":"Paula","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":459026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zielinski, William J.","contributorId":35440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielinski","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buzas, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":86080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzas","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034821,"text":"70034821 - 2011 - Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T11:44:54","indexId":"70034821","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling","docAbstract":"Predictive models of microclimate under various site conditions in forested headwater stream - riparian areas are poorly developed, and sampling designs for characterizing underlying riparian microclimate gradients are sparse. We used riparian microclimate data collected at eight headwater streams in the Oregon Coast Range to compare ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), and kriging with external drift (KED) for point prediction of mean maximum air temperature (Tair). Several topographic and forest structure characteristics were considered as site-specific parameters. Height above stream and distance to stream were the most important covariates in the KED models, which outperformed OK and UK in terms of root mean square error. Sample patterns were optimized based on the kriging variance and the weighted means of shortest distance criterion using the simulated annealing algorithm. The optimized sample patterns outperformed systematic sample patterns in terms of mean kriging variance mainly for small sample sizes. These findings suggest methods for increasing efficiency of microclimate monitoring in riparian areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x11-015","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Eskelson, B., Anderson, P.D., Hagar, J., and Temesgen, H., 2011, Geostatistical modeling of riparian forest microclimate and its implications for sampling: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 41, no. 5, p. 974-985, https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-015.","startPage":"974","endPage":"985","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215611,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-015"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b2e4b0c8380cd5a317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eskelson, B.N.I.","contributorId":79725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eskelson","given":"B.N.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, P. D.","contributorId":91189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagar, J.C.","contributorId":46208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Temesgen, H.","contributorId":50371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temesgen","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036583,"text":"70036583 - 2011 - The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:09:53","indexId":"70036583","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols","docAbstract":"Sediment traps are commonly used as standard tools for monitoring “sedimentation” in coral reef environments. In much of the literature where sediment traps were used to measure the effects of “sedimentation” on corals, it is clear from deployment descriptions and interpretations of the resulting data that information derived from sediment traps has frequently been misinterpreted or misapplied. Despite their widespread use in this setting, sediment traps do not provide quantitative information about “sedimentation” on coral surfaces. Traps can provide useful information about the relative magnitude of sediment dynamics if trap deployment standards are used. This conclusion is based first on a brief review of the state of knowledge of sediment trap dynamics, which has primarily focused on traps deployed high above the seabed in relatively deep water, followed by our understanding of near-bed sediment dynamics in shallow-water environments that characterize coral reefs. This overview is followed by the first synthesis of near-bed sediment trap data collected with concurrent hydrodynamic information in coral reef environments. This collective information is utilized to develop nine protocols for using sediment traps in coral reef environments, which focus on trap parameters that researchers can control such as trap height (H), trap mouth diameter (D), the height of the trap mouth above the substrate (z o ), and the spacing between traps. The hydrodynamic behavior of sediment traps and the limitations of data derived from these traps should be forefront when interpreting sediment trap data to infer sediment transport processes in coral reef environments.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Field, M., and Bothner, M., 2011, The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: Theory, observations, and suggested protocols: Coral Reefs, v. 30, no. 1, p. 23-38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0705-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb157e4b08c986b3252df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70036840,"text":"70036840 - 2011 - Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:20:42","indexId":"70036840","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report)","docAbstract":"The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 11 elements. Many atomic weights are not constants of nature, but depend upon the physical, chemical, and nuclear history of the material. The standard atomic weights of 10 elements having two or more stable isotopes have been changed to reflect this variability of atomic-weight values in natural terrestrial materials. To emphasize the fact that these standard atomic weights are not constants of nature, each atomic-weight value is expressed as an interval. The interval is used together with the symbol [a; b] to denote the set of atomic-weight values, A<sub>r</sub>(E), of element E in normal materials for which a ≤ A<sub>r</sub>(E) ≤ b. The symbols a and b denote the bounds of the interval [a; b]. The revised atomic weight of hydrogen, A<sub>r</sub>(H), is [1.007 84; 1.008 11] from 1.007 94(7); lithium, A<sub>r</sub>(Li), is [6.938; 6.997] from 6.941(2); boron, A<sub>r</sub>(B), is [10.806; 10.821] from 10.811(7); carbon, A<sub>r</sub>(C), is [12.0096; 12.0116] from 12.0107(8); nitrogen, A<sub>r</sub>(N), is [14.006 43; 14.007 28] from 14.0067(2); oxygen, A<sub>r</sub>(O), is [15.999 03; 15.999 77] from 15.9994(3); silicon, A<sub>r</sub>(Si), is [28.084; 28.086] from 28.0855(3); sulfur, A<sub>r</sub>(S), is [32.059; 32.076] from 32.065(2); chlorine, A<sub>r</sub>(Cl), is [35.446; 35.457] from 35.453(2); and thallium, A<sub>r</sub>(Tl), is [204.382; 204.385] from 204.3833(2). This fundamental change in the presentation of the atomic weights represents an important advance in our knowledge of the natural world and underscores the significance and contributions of chemistry to the well-being of humankind in the International Year of Chemistry 2011. The standard atomic weight of germanium, A<sub>r</sub>(Ge), was also changed to 72.63(1) from 72.64(1).","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14","issn":"00334545","usgsCitation":"Wieser, M., and Coplen, T.B., 2011, Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC technical report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 83, no. 2, p. 359-396, https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-10-09-14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec8e4b0c8380cd49f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieser, M.E.","contributorId":42856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033953,"text":"70033953 - 2011 - Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:33","indexId":"70033953","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues","docAbstract":"The tissue residue dose concept has been used, although in a limited manner, in environmental toxicology for more than 100 y. This review outlines the history of this approach and the technical background for organic chemicals and metals. Although the toxicity of both can be explained in tissue residue terms, the relationship between external exposure concentration, body and/or tissues dose surrogates, and the effective internal dose at the sites of toxic action tends to be more complex for metals. Various issues and current limitations related to research and regulatory applications are also examined. It is clear that the tissue residue approach (TRA) should be an integral component in future efforts to enhance the generation, understanding, and utility of toxicity testing data, both in the laboratory and in the field. To accomplish these goals, several key areas need to be addressed: 1) development of a risk-based interpretive framework linking toxicology and ecology at multiple levels of biological organization and incorporating organism-based dose metrics; 2) a broadly applicable, generally accepted classification scheme for modes/mechanisms of toxic action with explicit consideration of residue information to improve both single chemical and mixture toxicity data interpretation and regulatory risk assessment; 3) toxicity testing protocols updated to ensure collection of adequate residue information, along with toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics information, based on explicitly defined toxicological models accompanied by toxicological model validation; 4) continued development of residueeffect databases is needed ensure their ongoing utility; and 5) regulatory guidance incorporating residue-based testing and interpretation approaches, essential in various jurisdictions. ??:2010 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ieam.98","issn":"15513793","usgsCitation":"McCarty, L., Landrum, P., Luoma, S., Meador, J., Merten, A., Shephard, B., and van Wezelzz, A., 2011, Advancing environmental toxicology through chemical dosimetry: External exposures versus tissue residues: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 7, no. 1, p. 7-27, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.98.","startPage":"7","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214155,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.98"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e706e4b0c8380cd477da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarty, L.S.","contributorId":10237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landrum, P.F.","contributorId":98423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, J.P.","contributorId":68545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merten, A.A.","contributorId":34336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merten","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shephard, B.K.","contributorId":102700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shephard","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Wezelzz, A.P.","contributorId":66076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wezelzz","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70036529,"text":"70036529 - 2011 - Connecting the Yakima fold and thrust belt to active faults in the Puget Lowland, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:29:03","indexId":"70036529","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Connecting the Yakima fold and thrust belt to active faults in the Puget Lowland, Washington","docAbstract":"High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys of the Cascade Range and Yakima fold and thrust belt (YFTB), Washington, provide insights on tectonic connections between forearc and back-arc regions of the Cascadia convergent margin. Magnetic surveys were measured at a nominal altitude of 250 m above terrain and along flight lines spaced 400 m apart. Upper crustal rocks in this region have diverse magnetic properties, ranging from highly magnetic rocks of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group to weakly magnetic sedimentary rocks of various ages. These distinctive magnetic properties permit mapping of important faults and folds from exposures to covered areas. Magnetic lineaments correspond with mapped Quaternary faults and with scarps identified in lidar (light detection and ranging) topographic data and aerial photography. A two-dimensional model of the northwest striking Umtanum Ridge fault zone, based on magnetic and gravity data and constrained by geologic mapping and three deep wells, suggests that thrust faults extend through the Tertiary section and into underlying pre-Tertiary basement. Excavation of two trenches across a prominent scarp at the base of Umtanum Ridge uncovered evidence for bending moment faulting possibly caused by a blind thrust. Using aeromagnetic, gravity, and paleoseismic evidence, we postulate possible tectonic connections between the YFTB in eastern Washington and active faults of the Puget Lowland. We suggest that faults and folds of Umtanum Ridge extend northwestward through the Cascade Range and merge with the Southern Whidbey Island and Seattle faults near Snoqualmie Pass 35 km east of Seattle. Recent earthquakes (M<sub>W</sub> ≤ 5.3) suggest that this confluence of faults may be seismically active today.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB008091","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., Sherrod, B., Weaver, C., Wells, R., Rohay, A., Barnett, E.A., and Knepprath, N., 2011, Connecting the Yakima fold and thrust belt to active faults in the Puget Lowland, Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. B7, B07105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008091.","productDescription":"B07105","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475260,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb008091","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217808,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008091"}],"datum":"United States","country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.84,45.54 ], [ -124.84,49.0 ], [ -116.92,49.0 ], [ -116.92,45.54 ], [ -124.84,45.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9cae4b0c8380cd4d7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, B.L.","contributorId":68937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rohay, A.C.","contributorId":52819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohay","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnett, E. A.","contributorId":16081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knepprath, N.E.","contributorId":94896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepprath","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70035676,"text":"70035676 - 2011 - Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T08:47:21","indexId":"70035676","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America","docAbstract":"The AquaPathogen X database is a template for recording information on individual isolates of aquatic pathogens and is freely available for download (http://wfrc.usgs.gov). This database can accommodate the nucleotide sequence data generated in molecular epidemiological studies along with the myriad of abiotic and biotic traits associated with isolates of various pathogens (e.g. viruses, parasites and bacteria) from multiple aquatic animal host species (e.g. fish, shellfish and shrimp). The cataloguing of isolates from different aquatic pathogens simultaneously is a unique feature to the AquaPathogen X database, which can be used in surveillance of emerging aquatic animal diseases and elucidation of key risk factors associated with pathogen incursions into new water systems. An application of the template database that stores the epidemiological profiles of fish virus isolates, called Fish ViroTrak, was also developed. Exported records for two aquatic rhabdovirus species emerging in North America were used in the implementation of two separate web-accessible databases: the Molecular Epidemiology of Aquatic Pathogens infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (MEAP-IHNV) database (http://gis.nacse.org/ihnv/) released in 2006 and the MEAP- viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (http://gis.nacse.org/vhsv/) database released in 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01270.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Emmenegger, E., Kentop, E., Thompson, T., Pittam, S., Ryan, A., Keon, D., Carlino, J., Ranson, J., Life, R., Troyer, R., Garver, K., and Kurath, G., 2011, Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 34, no. 8, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01270.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01270.x"},{"id":244208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a004ee4b0c8380cd4f6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmenegger, E.J.","contributorId":7463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kentop, E.","contributorId":84186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kentop","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, T.M.","contributorId":32008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pittam, S.","contributorId":97738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pittam","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, A.","contributorId":68133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keon, D.","contributorId":101488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carlino, J.A.","contributorId":70209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlino","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ranson, J.","contributorId":97739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Life, R.B.","contributorId":41242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Life","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Troyer, R.M.","contributorId":63592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troyer","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70036500,"text":"70036500 - 2011 - Coordinating standards and applications for optical water quality sensor networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:02","indexId":"70036500","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coordinating standards and applications for optical water quality sensor networks","docAbstract":"Joint USGS-CUAHSI Workshop: In Situ Optical Water Quality Sensor Networks; Shepherdstown, West Virginia, 8-10 June 2011; Advanced in situ optical water quality sensors and new techniques for data analysis hold enormous promise for advancing scientific understanding of aquatic systems through measurements of important biogeochemical parameters at the time scales over which they vary. High-frequency and real-time water quality data also provide the opportunity for early warning of water quality deterioration, trend detection, and science-based decision support. However, developing networks of optical sensors in freshwater systems that report reliable and comparable data across and between sites remains a challenge to the research and monitoring community. To address this, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), convened a 3-day workshop to explore ways to coordinate development of standards and applications for optical sensors, as well as handling, storage, and analysis of the continuous data they produce.","largerWorkTitle":"Eos","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011EO300003","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B., and Pellerin, B., 2011, Coordinating standards and applications for optical water quality sensor networks, <i>in</i> Eos, v. 92, no. 30, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO300003.","startPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475324,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011eo300003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":218536,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO300003"},{"id":246556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf0e4b0c8380cd4e043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, B. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":47219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, B.","contributorId":37047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036493,"text":"70036493 - 2011 - Mineralogic sources of metals in leachates from the weathering of sedex, massive sulfide, and vein deposit mining wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T09:35:40","indexId":"70036493","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mineralogic sources of metals in leachates from the weathering of sedex, massive sulfide, and vein deposit mining wastes","docAbstract":"Weathered mine waste consists of oxidized primary minerals and chemically unstable secondary phases that can be sources of readily soluble metals and acid rock drainage. Elevated concentrations of metals such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn are observed in deionized water-based leachate solutions derived from complex sedex and Cu-Pb-Zn mine wastes. Leachate (USGS FLT) from the Elizabeth mine, a massive sulfide deposit, has a pH of 3.4 and high concentrations of Al (16700 ug/L), Cu (440 ug/L), and Zn (8620 ug/L). Leachate from the sedex Faro mine has a pH of 3.5 and high concentrations of Al (2040 ug/L), Cu (1930 ug/L), Pb (2080 ug/L), and Zn (52900 ug/L). In contrast, higher-pH leachates produced from tailings of polymetallic vein deposits have order of magnitude lower metal concentrations. These data indicate that highly soluble secondary mineral phases exist at the surface of waste material where the samples were collected. Sulfide minerals from all sites exhibit differential degrees of weathering, from dissolution etched grain rims, to rinds of secondary minerals, to skeletal remnants. These microscale mineral-dissolution textures enhance weathering and metal teachability of waste material. Besides the formation of secondary minerals, sulfide grains from dried tailings samples may be coated by amorphous Fe-Al-Si minerals that also adsorb metals such as Cu, Ni, and Zn.","largerWorkTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceTitle":"SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011","conferenceDate":"28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","isbn":"9781617829727","usgsCitation":"Diehl, S.F., Hageman, P., Seal, R., Piatak, N., and Lowers, H., 2011, Mineralogic sources of metals in leachates from the weathering of sedex, massive sulfide, and vein deposit mining wastes, <i>in</i> SME Annual Meeting and Exhibit and CMA 113th National Western Mining Conference 2011, Denver, CO, 28 February 2011 through 2 March 2011, p. 792-796.","startPage":"792","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-026408","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a8de4b0c8380cd6ef63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, S. F.","contributorId":84780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hageman, P.  L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P.  L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatak, N.M. 0000-0002-1973-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":46636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowers, H. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":9512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036489,"text":"70036489 - 2011 - Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T17:48:00.504303","indexId":"70036489","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora","docAbstract":"<p><span>The smooth cordgrass&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;is the foundation species in intertidal salt marshes of the North American Atlantic coast. Depending on its elevation within the marsh,&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;may be submerged for several hours per day. Previous ecosystem-level studies have demonstrated that&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;marshes are a net sink for nitrogen (N), and that removal of N from flooding tidal water can provide enough N to support the aboveground biomass. However, studies have not specifically investigated whether&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;plants assimilate nutrients through their aboveground tissue. We determined&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;foliar and stem N uptake kinetics for&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>,&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup><span>N-glycine by artificially flooding plants in a mid-Atlantic salt marsh. To determine the ecological importance of shoot uptake, a model was created to estimate the time of inundation of&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;in 20 cm height intervals during the growing season. Estimates of inundation time, shoot mass, N uptake rates, and N availability from long-term data sets were used to model seasonal shoot N uptake. Rates of aboveground N uptake rates (leaves + stems) were ranked as follows: NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;&gt; glycine &gt; NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup><span>. Our model suggests that shoot N uptake may satisfy up to 15% of the growing season N demand in mid-Atlantic salt marshes, with variation depending on plant elevation and water column N availability. However, in eutrophic estuaries, our model indicates the potential of the plant canopy as a nutrient filter, with shoot uptake contributing 66 to 100% of plant N demand.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps09117","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Mozdzer, T., Kirwan, M., McGlathery, K., and Zieman, J.C., 2011, Nitrogen uptake by the shoots of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 433, p. 43-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475290,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218414,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09117"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f9e4b0c8380cd730e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mozdzer, T. J.","contributorId":31888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mozdzer","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, M.","contributorId":41124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":456388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlathery, K. J.","contributorId":72109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGlathery","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zieman, J. C.","contributorId":23265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zieman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036488,"text":"70036488 - 2011 - The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-area analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T11:04:41","indexId":"70036488","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-area analysis","docAbstract":"<p>The formation process of recent gullies on Mars is currently under debate. This study aims to discriminate between the proposed formation processes - pure water flow, debris flow and dry mass wasting - through the application of geomorphological indices commonly used in terrestrial geomorphology. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of Earth and Mars were used to evaluate the drainage characteristics of small slope sections. Data from Earth were used to validate the hillslope, debris-flow and alluvial process domains previously found for large fluvial catchments on Earth, and these domains were applied to gullied and ungullied slopes on Mars. In accordance with other studies, our results indicate that debris flow is one of the main processes forming the Martian gullies that were being examined. The source of the water is predominantly distributed surface melting, not an underground aquifer. Evidence is also presented indicating that other processes may have shaped Martian crater slopes, such as ice-assisted creep and solifluction, in agreement with the proposed recent Martian glacial and periglacial climate. Our results suggest that, within impact craters, different processes are acting on differently oriented slopes, but further work is needed to investigate the potential link between these observations and changes in Martian climate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1144/SP356.10","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Conway, S.J., Balme, M.R., Murray, J., Towner, M.C., Okubo, C., and Grindrod, P.M., 2011, The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope-area analysis: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 356, no. 1, p. 171-201, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP356.10.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://insu.hal.science/insu-02276823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":218381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP356.10"},{"id":246383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"356","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad05e4b08c986b323908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Susan J.","contributorId":203697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36693,"text":"University of Nantes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balme, Matthew R.","contributorId":212708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balme","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, John B.","contributorId":212709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Towner, Martin C.","contributorId":212710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Towner","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grindrod, Peter M.","contributorId":212711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grindrod","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036487,"text":"70036487 - 2011 - Mapping rice areas of South Asia using MODIS multitemporal data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T17:57:53.57838","indexId":"70036487","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2172,"text":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping rice areas of South Asia using MODIS multitemporal data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our goal is to map the rice areas of six South Asian countries using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data for the time period 2000 to 2001. South Asia accounts for almost 40% of the world's harvested rice area and is also home to 74% of the population that lives on less than $2.00 a day. The population of the region is growing faster than its ability to produce rice. Thus, accurate and timely assessment of where and how rice is cultivated is important to craft food security and poverty alleviation strategies. We used a time series of eight-day, 500-m spatial resolution composite images from the MODIS sensor to produce rice maps and rice characteristics (e.g., intensity of cropping, cropping calendar) taking data for the years 2000 to 2001 and by adopting a suite of methods that include spectral matching techniques, decision trees, and ideal temporal profile data banks to rapidly identify and classify rice areas over large spatial extents. These methods are used in conjunction with ancillary spatial data sets (e.g., elevation, precipitation), national statistics, and maps, and a large volume of field-plot data. The resulting rice maps and statistics are compared against a subset of independent field-plot points and the best available subnational statistics on rice areas for the main crop growing season (kharif season). A fuzzy classification accuracy assessment for the 2000 to 2001 rice-map product, based on field-plot data, demonstrated accuracies from 67% to 100% for individual rice classes, with an overall accuracy of 80% for all classes. Most of the mixing was within rice classes. The derived physical rice area was highly correlated with the subnational statistics with&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;values of 97% at the district level and 99% at the state level for 2000 to 2001. These results suggest that the methods, approaches, algorithms, and data sets we used are ideal for rapid, accurate, and large-scale mapping of paddy rice as well as for generating their statistics over large areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","doi":"10.1117/1.3619838","issn":"19313195","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Nelson, A., Thenkabail, P., and Singh, A., 2011, Mapping rice areas of South Asia using MODIS multitemporal data: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 1, 053547, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3619838.","productDescription":"053547, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488988,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3619838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3619838"}],"country":"Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka","otherGeospatial":"South 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,{"id":70036474,"text":"70036474 - 2011 - Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:05","indexId":"70036474","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2023,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959)","docAbstract":"The simulation of advancing flood waves over rugged topography, by solving the shallow-water equations with well-balanced high-resolution finite volume methods and block-structured dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), is described and validated in this paper. The efficiency of block-structured AMR makes large-scale problems tractable, and allows the use of accurate and stable methods developed for solving general hyperbolic problems on quadrilateral grids. Features indicative of flooding in rugged terrain, such as advancing wet-dry fronts and non-stationary steady states due to balanced source terms from variable topography, present unique challenges and require modifications such as special Riemann solvers. A well-balanced Riemann solver for inundation and general (non-stationary) flow over topography is tested in this context. The difficulties of modeling floods in rugged terrain, and the rationale for and efficacy of using AMR and well-balanced methods, are presented. The algorithms are validated by simulating the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959), which has served as a benchmark problem previously. Historical field data, laboratory model data and other numerical simulation results (computed on static fitted meshes) are shown for comparison. The methods are implemented in GEOCLAW, a subset of the open-source CLAWPACK software. All the software is freely available at. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/fld.2298","issn":"02712091","usgsCitation":"George, D., 2011, Adaptive finite volume methods with well-balanced Riemann solvers for modeling floods in rugged terrain: Application to the Malpasset dam-break flood (France, 1959): International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, v. 66, no. 8, p. 1000-1018, https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2298.","startPage":"1000","endPage":"1018","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2298"},{"id":246164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e4e4b0c8380cd476e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, D.L.","contributorId":54419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70036472,"text":"70036472 - 2011 - Characterizing land surface change and levee stability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using UAVSAR radar imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T18:55:15.266512","indexId":"70036472","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterizing land surface change and levee stability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using UAVSAR radar imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>The islands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta have been subject to subsidence since they were first reclaimed from the estuary marshlands starting over 100 years ago, with most of the land currently lying below mean sea level. This area, which is the primary water resource of the state of California, is under constant threat of inundation from levee failure. Since July 2009, we have been imaging the area using the quad-polarimetric UAVSAR L-band radar, with eighteen data sets collected as of April 2011. Here we report results of our polarimetric and differential interferometric analysis of the data for levee deformation and land surface change.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2011","conferenceDate":"July 24-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049546","isbn":"9781457710056","usgsCitation":"Jones, C., Bawden, G., Deverel, S., Dudas, J., and Hensley, S., 2011, Characterizing land surface change and levee stability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using UAVSAR radar imagery, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Vancouver, BC, July 24-29, 2011, p. 1638-1641, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049546.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1638","endPage":"1641","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049546"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2451171875,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2451171875,\n              38.42777351132902\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              38.42777351132902\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ffe4b0c8380cd4c021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, C.","contributorId":42914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bawden, G.","contributorId":63597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deverel, S.","contributorId":34370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dudas, J.","contributorId":93745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hensley, S.","contributorId":6175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032701,"text":"70032701 - 2011 - Long-term change in perennial vegetation along the Colorado river in Grand Canyon national park (1889-2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T12:24:47.220654","indexId":"70032701","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term change in perennial vegetation along the Colorado river in Grand Canyon national park (1889-2010)","docAbstract":"Long-term monitoring data are difficult to obtain for high-value resource areas, particularly in remote parts of national parks. One long-used method for evaluating change uses ground-based repeat photography to match historical images of landscapes. River expeditions that documented a proposed railroad route through Grand Canyon with large-format photographs occurred in 1889 and 1890. A total of 452 images from those expeditions are still in existence, and these were matched as closely as possible from December 1989 through March 1992. In 2010 and 2011, we are repeating these matches 120 years after the originals and 20 years after the first matches. This repeat photography provides visual information that can be interpreted for changes in terrestrial and riparian ecosystems along the river corridor, including change in the desert plant assemblages related to increasing winter low temperatures and severe drought. The riparian ecosystem, which originally consisted of native species established along the stage of frequent floods, has increased in area, density, and biomass as both nonnative and native species have become established following flow regulation by Glen Canyon Dam. The original and matched images provide the basis for one element of a robust monitoring program for the effects of climate change on ecosystem resources.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"07359462","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., Belnap, J., Scott, M.L., and Esque, T., 2011, Long-term change in perennial vegetation along the Colorado river in Grand Canyon national park (1889-2010): Park Science, v. 28, no. 2, p. 83-87.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270017,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2201709","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.9799,35.7503 ], [ -113.9799,36.8654 ], [ -111.5871,36.8654 ], [ -111.5871,35.7503 ], [ -113.9799,35.7503 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a497be4b0c8380cd68641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036470,"text":"70036470 - 2011 - Unravelling long-term vegetation change patterns in a binational watershed using multitemporal land cover data and historical photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T19:12:03.452045","indexId":"70036470","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Unravelling long-term vegetation change patterns in a binational watershed using multitemporal land cover data and historical photography","docAbstract":"<p><span>A significant amount of research conducted in the Sonoran Desert of North America has documented, both anecdotally and empirically, major vegetation changes over the past century due to human land use activities. However, many studies lack coincidental landscape-scale data characterizing the spatial and temporal manifestation of these changes. Vegetation changes in a binational (USA and Mexico) watershed were documented using a series of four land cover maps (1979-2009) derived from multispectral satellite imagery. Cover changes are compared to georeferenced, repeat oblique photographs dating from the late 19&nbsp;</span><sup>th</sup><span>&nbsp;century to present. Results indicate the expansion of grassland over the past 20 years following nearly a century of decline. Historical repeat photography documents early-mid 20&nbsp;</span><sup>th</sup><span>&nbsp;century mesquite invasions, but recent land cover data and rephotography demonstrate declines in xeroriparian/riparian mesquite communities in recent decades. These vegetation changes are variable over the landscape and influenced by topography and land management.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"2011 6th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images, Multi-Temp 2011 - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"2011 6th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images, Multi-Temp 2011","conferenceDate":"July 12-14, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Trento, Italy","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/Multi-Temp.2011.6005058","isbn":"9781457712036","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M., Norman, L.M., Webb, R., Boyer, D.E., and Turner, R., 2011, Unravelling long-term vegetation change patterns in a binational watershed using multitemporal land cover data and historical photography, <i>in</i> 2011 6th International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images, Multi-Temp 2011 - Proceedings, Trento, Italy, July 12-14, 2011, p. 101-104, https://doi.org/10.1109/Multi-Temp.2011.6005058.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/Multi-Temp.2011.6005058"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert of North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.85107421875,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.533203125,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.3359375,\n              33.94335994657882\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.04882812499999,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.85107421875,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcdfe4b08c986b328e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villarreal, M.L.","contributorId":74254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":187755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":456299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyer, Diane E.","contributorId":22018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turner, R.E.","contributorId":39749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16756,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":456301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036411,"text":"70036411 - 2011 - Winter habitat associations of diurnal raptors in Californias Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:04","indexId":"70036411","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat associations of diurnal raptors in Californias Central Valley","docAbstract":"The wintering raptors of California's Central Valley are abundant and diverse. Despite this, little information exists on the habitats used by these birds in winter. We recorded diurnal raptors along 19 roadside survey routes throughout the Central Valley for three consecutive winters between 2007 and 2010. We obtained data sufficient to determine significant positive and negative habitat associations for the White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus), Bald Eagle {Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus), American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), and Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus). The Prairie Falcon and Ferruginous and Rough-legged hawks showed expected strong positive associations with grasslands. The Bald Eagle and Northern Harrier were positively associated not only with wetlands but also with rice. The strongest positive association for the White-tailed Kite was with wetlands. The Red-tailed Hawk was positively associated with a variety of habitat types but most strongly with wetlands and rice. The American Kestrel, Northern Harrier, and White-tailed Kite were positively associated with alfalfa. Nearly all species were negatively associated with urbanized landscapes, orchards, and other intensive forms of agriculture. The White-tailed Kite, Northern Harrier, Redtailed Hawk, Ferruginous Hawk, and American Kestrel showed significant negative associations with oak savanna. Given the rapid conversion of the Central Valley to urban and intensive agricultural uses over the past few decades, these results have important implications for conservation of these wintering raptors in this region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01601121","usgsCitation":"Pandolrno, E., Herzog, M., Hooper, S., and Smith, Z., 2011, Winter habitat associations of diurnal raptors in Californias Central Valley: Western Birds, v. 42, no. 2, p. 62-84.","startPage":"62","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd150e4b08c986b32f363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandolrno, E.R.","contributorId":55249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pandolrno","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, M.P.","contributorId":37865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooper, S.L.","contributorId":33562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Z.","contributorId":53192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035674,"text":"70035674 - 2011 - Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T16:04:38","indexId":"70035674","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wood deposited in streams provides a wide variety of ecosystem functions, including enhancing habitat for key species in stream food webs, increasing geomorphic and hydraulic heterogeneity and retaining organic matter. Given the strong role that wood plays in streams, factors that influence wood inputs, retention and transport are critical to stream ecology. Wood entrapment, the process of wood coming to rest after being swept downstream at least 10 m, is poorly understood, yet important for predicting stream function and success of restoration efforts. Data on entrapment were collected for a wide range of natural wood pieces (</span><i>n</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 344), stream geomorphology and hydraulic conditions in nine streams along the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota. Locations of pieces were determined in summer 2007 and again following an overbank stormflow event in fall 2007. The ratio of piece length to effective stream width (length ratio) and the weight of the piece were important in a multiple logistic regression model that explained 25% of the variance in wood entrapment. Entrapment remains difficult to predict in natural streams, and often may simply occur wherever wood pieces are located when high water recedes. However, this study can inform stream modifications to discourage entrapment at road crossings or other infrastructure by applying the model formula to estimate the effective width required to pass particular wood pieces. Conversely, these results could also be used to determine conditions (e.g. pre-existing large, stable pieces) that encourage entrapment where wood is valued for ecological functions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7846","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Merten, E.C., Finlay, J., Johnson, L., Newman, R., Stefan, H., and Vondracek, B.C., 2011, Environmental controls of wood entrapment in upper Midwestern streams: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 4, p. 593-602, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-018202","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475242,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11299/183601","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7846"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.2247314453125,\n              46.66828707388311\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4451904296875,\n              46.66828707388311\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4451904296875,\n              48.0156497866894\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.2247314453125,\n              48.0156497866894\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.2247314453125,\n              46.66828707388311\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09b5e4b0c8380cd5201c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merten, Eric C.","contributorId":75355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merten","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlay, Jacques","contributorId":172286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finlay","given":"Jacques","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Lucinda","contributorId":172287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Lucinda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Raymond","contributorId":172288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stefan, Heinz","contributorId":172289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stefan","given":"Heinz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70036391,"text":"70036391 - 2011 - Formulation of a correlated variables methodology for assessment of continuous gas resources with an application to the Woodford play, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T18:54:32.706382","indexId":"70036391","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1065,"text":"Boletin Geologico y Minero","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formulation of a correlated variables methodology for assessment of continuous gas resources with an application to the Woodford play, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Shale gas is a form of continuous unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation whose resource estimation is unfeasible through the inference of pore volume. Under these circumstances, the usual approach is to base the assessment on well productivity through estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Unconventional resource assessments that consider uncertainty are typically done by applying analytical procedures based on classical statistics theory that ignores geographical location, does not take into account spatial correlation, and assumes independence of EUR from other variables that may enter into the modeling. We formulate a new, more comprehensive approach based on sequential simulation to test methodologies known to be capable of more fully utilizing the data and overcoming unrealistic simplifications. Theoretical requirements demand modeling of EUR as areal density instead of well EUR. The new experimental methodology is illustrated by evaluating a gas play in the Woodford Shale in the Arkoma Basin of Oklahoma. Differently from previous assessments, we used net thickness and vitrinite reflectance as secondary variables correlated to cell EUR. In addition to the traditional probability distribution for undiscovered resources, the new methodology provides maps of EUR density and maps with probabilities to reach any given cell EUR, which are useful to visualize geographical variations in prospectivity.</p>","language":"English, Spanish","issn":"03660176","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., Houseknecht, D., Garrity, C., and Cook, T.A., 2011, Formulation of a correlated variables methodology for assessment of continuous gas resources with an application to the Woodford play, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma: Boletin Geologico y Minero, v. 122, no. 4, p. 483-496.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"496","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024393","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arkoma Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.48688507080078,\n              35.23664622093195\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43744659423828,\n              35.23664622093195\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.43744659423828,\n              35.35881619143943\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.48688507080078,\n              35.35881619143943\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.48688507080078,\n              35.23664622093195\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135ce4b0c8380cd5462c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":455877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrity, C.P. 0000-0002-5565-1818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":10021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, T. A.","contributorId":60169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70036389,"text":"70036389 - 2011 - Bounding species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T21:06:16.85128","indexId":"70036389","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bounding species distribution models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Species distribution models are increasing in popularity for mapping suitable habitat for species of management concern. Many investigators now recognize that extrapolations of these models with geographic information systems (GIS) might be sensitive to the environmental bounds of the data used in their development, yet there is no recommended best practice for “clamping” model extrapolations. We relied on two commonly used modeling approaches: classification and regression tree (CART) and maximum entropy (Maxent) models, and we tested a simple alteration of the model extrapolations, bounding extrapolations to the maximum and minimum values of primary environmental predictors, to provide a more realistic map of suitable habitat of hybridized Africanized honey bees in the southwestern United States. Findings suggest that multiple models of bounding, and the most conservative bounding of species distribution models, like those presented here, should probably replace the unbounded or loosely bounded techniques currently used.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/57.5.642","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., Jarnevich, C.S., Esaias, W.E., and Morisette, J., 2011, Bounding species distribution models: Current Zoology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 642-647, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.642.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"642","endPage":"647","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.642","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f248e4b0c8380cd4b0cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esaias, Wayne E.","contributorId":12379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esaias","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffery T. 0000-0002-0483-0082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":39297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffery T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":455870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035672,"text":"70035672 - 2011 - Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T15:10:54","indexId":"70035672","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position","docAbstract":"If organisms move beyond the boundaries of local sampling units, regional metacommunity dynamics could undermine the ability of bioassessment studies to characterize local environmental quality. We tested the prediction that fish dispersal influences local fish community structure and bioassessment metrics as a function of site position within stream networks. We evaluated fish community data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in West Virginia, USA, to compare the influences of stream network position, ecoregion, basin, and stream size on local fish community composition. We assigned sites to 1 of 3 stream network positions: 1) main channels (MC, n  =  12) encompassed streams with upstream catchment areas >200 km<sup>2</sup>, 2) mainstem tributaries (MT, n  =  43) flowed into MC-sized confluences within 15 fluvial km, 3) headwater tributaries (HT, n  =  31) lacked such riverine confluences within 15 fluvial km. MT and HT sites had similar upstream catchment sizes and landuse gradients, but species richness was greater in MT sites than HT sites, whereas MT and MC sites were not different in this regard. Three bioassessment metrics were greater in MT sites than HT sites (intolerant species richness, cyprinid species richness, benthic species richness), but a multimetric index of biotic integrity did not differ among stream network positions. Ordinations revealed that fish community composition was organized primarily by zoogeographic basin (Monongahela River basin, New River basin, Ohio River basin), ecoregion (Central Appalachian Plateau, Western Appalachian Plateau, Ridge and Valley), and stream size. Riverine specialists were more abundant in MT than HT sites and were more abundant in basins connected to the Ohio River than in basins isolated from the Ohio River by a large waterfall (New River). Our results suggest that contemporary dispersal among streams influences fish community composition over small spatial scales (10<sup>1</sup> km), historical dispersal constrained by zoogeographic barriers influences community structure over larger areas (10<sup>2</sup> km), and contemporary dispersal by fishes influences certain metrics commonly used in bioassessment programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","publisherLocation":"http://www.freshwater-science.org/","doi":"10.1899/09-155.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N., and Angermeier, P., 2011, Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 30, no. 1, p. 296-309, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-155.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"309","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216276,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/09-155.1"},{"id":244139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1089e4b0c8380cd53cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, N.P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":101466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036864,"text":"70036864 - 2011 - Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T18:15:21.920437","indexId":"70036864","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.","docAbstract":"<p><span>During recent and future climate change, shifts in large-scale species ranges are expected due to the hypothesized major role of climatic factors in regulating species distributions. The stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that biotic interactions may act as major constraints on species distributions under more favourable growing conditions, while climatic constraints may dominate under unfavourable conditions. We tested this hypothesis for one focal tree species having three major competitors using broad-scale environmental data. We evaluated the variation of species co-occurrence patterns in climate space and estimated the influence of these patterns on the distribution of the focal species for current and projected future climates. Location: Europe. Methods: We used ICP Forest Level 1 data as well as climatic, topographic and edaphic variables. First, correlations between the relative abundance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and three major competitor species (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur) were analysed in environmental space, and then projected to geographic space. Second, a sensitivity analysis was performed using generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate where and how much the predicted F. sylvatica distribution varied under current and future climates if potential competitor species were included or excluded. We evaluated if these areas coincide with current species co-occurrence patterns. Results: Correlation analyses supported the stress-gradient hypothesis: towards favourable growing conditions of F. sylvatica, its abundance was strongly linked to the abundance of its competitors, while this link weakened towards unfavourable growing conditions, with stronger correlations in the south and at low elevations than in the north and at high elevations. The sensitivity analysis showed a potential spatial segregation of species with changing climate and a pronounced shift of zones where co-occurrence patterns may play a major role. Main conclusions: Our Results: demonstrate the importance of species co-occurrence patterns for calibrating improved species distribution models for use in projections of climate effects. The correlation approach is able to localize European areas where inclusion of biotic predictors is effective. The climateinduced spatial segregation of the major tree species could have ecological and economic consequences.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x","issn":"03050270","usgsCitation":"Meier, E., Edwards, T.C., Kienast, F., Dobbertin, M., and Zimmermann, N., 2011, Co-occurrence patterns of trees along macro-climatic gradients and their potential influence on the present and future distribution of Fagus sylvatica L.: Journal of Biogeography, v. 38, no. 2, p. 371-382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"382","ipdsId":"IP-024915","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488972,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3436519","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02405.x"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -10.1953125,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ],\n            [\n              0.703125,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              5.712890625,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              9.404296875,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              14.677734375000002,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              29.091796875,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              29.443359375,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              26.279296875,\n              40.245991504199026\n            ],\n            [\n              32.16796875,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              40.25390625,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              40.25390625,\n              49.724479188712984\n            ],\n            [\n              33.57421875,\n              52.482780222078226\n            ],\n            [\n              29.970703124999996,\n              51.998410382390325\n            ],\n            [\n              32.431640625,\n              53.64463782485651\n            ],\n            [\n              30.673828125,\n              55.727110085045986\n            ],\n            [\n              28.652343749999996,\n              56.70450561416937\n            ],\n            [\n              30.937499999999996,\n              60.58696734225869\n            ],\n            [\n              30.937499999999996,\n              64.62387720204688\n            ],\n            [\n              29.53125,\n              69.41124235697256\n            ],\n            [\n              31.289062500000004,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              21.09375,\n              71.63599288330609\n            ],\n            [\n              8.0859375,\n              67.06743335108298\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.65625,\n              60.75915950226991\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.7109375,\n              54.36775852406841\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.1953125,\n              36.31512514748051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, E.S.","contributorId":102713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Thomas C. 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