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We transported elk from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada, and from Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky, and reintroduced them beginning in December 2000 and ending in February 2003. We estimated annual survival rates for 156 radio-collared elk from December 2000 until November 2004. We used data from a nearby elk herd in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to simulate pessimistic and optimistic recruitment and performed population viability analyses to evaluate sustainability over a 25-year period. Annual survival averaged 0.799 (Total SE&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.023). The primary identifiable sources of mortality were poaching, disease from meningeal worm (<i>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis</i>), and accidents (environmental causes and unintentional harvest). Population growth given pessimistic recruitment rates averaged 0.895 over 25 years (0.955 in year 1 to 0.880 in year 25); population growth was not sustainable in 100% of the runs. With the most optimistic estimates of recruitment, mean &lambda; increased to 0.967 (1.038 in year 1 to 0.956 in year 25) with 99.6% of the runs failing to be sustainable. We suggest that further translocation efforts to increase herd size will be ineffective unless survival rates are increased in the Cumberland Mountains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.226","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Kindall, J., Muller, L., Clark, J.D., Lupardus, J., and Murrow, J., 2011, Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 8, p. 1745-1752, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.226.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1745","endPage":"1752","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.226"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.4464111328125,\n              36.600094165941144\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.53155517578124,\n              36.53391577198655\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55352783203125,\n              36.461054075054314\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5947265625,\n              36.37043347989971\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.63592529296875,\n              36.30627216957992\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6771240234375,\n              36.219902972702606\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.67987060546874,\n              36.18887535558557\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.65789794921875,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.60296630859375,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.55078125,\n              36.05798104702501\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.375,\n              36.033552893400376\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2926025390625,\n              36.029110596631874\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2486572265625,\n              36.060201412392914\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.19921875,\n              36.113471382052175\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.15252685546875,\n              36.17779108329074\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.144287109375,\n              36.23762751669998\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.14703369140625,\n              36.29077703961915\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.18548583984375,\n              36.33504067209607\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.232177734375,\n              36.39475669987383\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.28985595703124,\n              36.4477991295848\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.13604736328125,\n              36.53170884914869\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.07012939453125,\n              36.58906837139909\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4464111328125,\n              36.600094165941144\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7dbfe4b0c8380cd7a127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindall, J.L.","contributorId":47200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindall","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, L.I.","contributorId":11448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"L.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lupardus, J.L.","contributorId":85796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupardus","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murrow, J.L.","contributorId":101490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrow","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034332,"text":"70034332 - 2011 - Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034332","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations","docAbstract":"The generation of seismicity catalogs on synthetic fault networks holds the promise of providing key inputs into probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis, for example, the coefficient of variation, mean recurrence time as a function of magnitude, the probability of fault-to-fault ruptures, and conditional probabilities for foreshock-mainshock triggering. I employ a seismicity simulator that includes the following ingredients: static stress transfer, viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and mantle, and vertical stratification of elastic and viscoelastic material properties. A cascade mechanism combined with a simple Coulomb failure criterion is used to determine the initiation, propagation, and termination of synthetic ruptures. It is employed on a 3D fault network provided by Steve Ward (unpublished data, 2009) for the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Earthquake Simulators Group. This all-California fault network, initially consisting of 8000 patches, each of ~12 square kilometers in size, has been rediscretized into ~100;000 patches, each of ~1 square kilometer in size, in order to simulate the evolution of California seismicity and crustal stress at magnitude M ~ 5-8. Resulting synthetic seismicity catalogs spanning 30,000 yr and about one-half million events are evaluated with magnitude-frequency and magnitude-area statistics. For a priori choices of fault-slip rates and mean stress drops, I explore the sensitivity of various constructs on input parameters, particularly mantle viscosity. Slip maps obtained for the southern San Andreas fault show that the ability of segment boundaries to inhibit slip across the boundaries (e.g., to prevent multisegment ruptures) is systematically affected by mantle viscosity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120100303","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2011, Epistemic uncertainty in California-wide synthetic seismicity simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 5, p. 2481-2498, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100303.","startPage":"2481","endPage":"2498","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120100303"},{"id":244818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a16e4b0c8380cd521ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034331,"text":"70034331 - 2011 - Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T14:47:54","indexId":"70034331","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures","docAbstract":"A draft update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for ammonia substantially lowers the ammonia AWQC, primarily due to the inclusion of toxicity data for freshwater mussels. However, most of the mussel data used in the updated AWQC were generated from water-only exposures and limited information is available on the potential influence of the presence of a substrate on the response of mussels in laboratory toxicity tests. Our recent study demonstrated that the acute sensitivity of mussels to ammonia was not influenced by the presence of substrate in 4-d laboratory toxicity tests. The objective of the current study was to determine the sensitivity of mussels to ammonia in chronic 28-d water exposures with the sediment present (sediment treatment) or absent (water-only treatment). The chronic toxicity test was conducted starting with two-month-old juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in a flow-through diluter system, which maintained consistent pH (???8.3) and six concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (N) in overlying water and in sediment pore water. The chronic value (ChV, geometric mean of the no-observed-effect concentration and the lowest-observed-effect concentration) was 0.36mgN/L for survival or biomass in the water-only treatment, and was 0.66mgN/L for survival and 0.20mgN/L for biomass in the sediment treatment. The 20% effect concentration (EC20) for survival was 0.63mgN/L in the water-only treatment and was 0.86mgN/L in the sediment treatment (with overlapping 95% confidence intervals; no EC20 for biomass was estimated because the data did not meet the conditions for any logistic regression analysis). The similar ChVs or EC20s between the water-only treatment and the sediment treatment indicate that the presence of sediment did not substantially influence the sensitivity of juvenile mussels to ammonia in the 28-d chronic laboratory water exposures. ?? 2011 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.616","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Wang, N., Consbrock, R., Ingersoll, C., and Barnhart, M., 2011, Evaluation of influence of sediment on the sensitivity of a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) to ammonia in 28-day water exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 30, no. 10, p. 2270-2276, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.616.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2270","endPage":"2276","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216916,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.616"}],"volume":"30","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8ae4b0c8380cd52bb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, N.","contributorId":81615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Consbrock, R.A.","contributorId":81721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Consbrock","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, M.C.","contributorId":107410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034327,"text":"70034327 - 2011 - High-precision measurement of variations in calcium isotope ratios in urine by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-14T01:01:39","indexId":"70034327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-precision measurement of variations in calcium isotope ratios in urine by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"We describe a new chemical separation method to isolate Ca from other matrix elements in biological samples, developed with the long-term goal of making high-precision measurement of natural stable Ca isotope variations a clinically applicable tool to assess bone mineral balance. A new two-column procedure utilizing HBr achieves the purity required to accurately and precisely measure two Ca isotope ratios (<sup>44</sup>Ca/<sup>42</sup>Ca and <sup>44</sup>Ca/<sup>43</sup>Ca) on a Neptune multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICPMS) in urine. Purification requirements for Sr, Ti, and K (Ca/Sr &gt; 10000; Ca/Ti &gt; 10000000; and Ca/K &gt; 10) were determined by addition of these elements to Ca standards of known isotopic composition. Accuracy was determined by (1) comparing Ca isotope results for samples and standards to published data obtained using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), (2) adding a Ca standard of known isotopic composition to a urine sample purified of Ca, and (3) analyzing mixtures of urine samples and standards in varying proportions. The accuracy and precision of &delta;<sup>44/42</sup>Ca measurements of purified samples containing 25 &mu;g of Ca can be determined with typical errors less than &plusmn;0.2&permil; (2&sigma;).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C","doi":"10.1021/ac200361t","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J., Gordon, G., Arrua, R., Skulan, J., Anbar, A., and Bullen, T., 2011, High-precision measurement of variations in calcium isotope ratios in urine by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 83, no. 18, p. 6956-6962, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac200361t.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6956","endPage":"6962","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":628,"text":"Water Resources Discipline","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216825,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac200361t"},{"id":244720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30f2e4b0c8380cd5dac3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J.L.L.","contributorId":75785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, G.W.","contributorId":76971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arrua, R.C.","contributorId":50011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrua","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Skulan, J.L.","contributorId":13064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skulan","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anbar, A.D.","contributorId":36365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anbar","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034316,"text":"70034316 - 2011 - 40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T16:56:26.522573","indexId":"70034316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp005\">The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (<sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup>) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15&nbsp;mm in length and 6.25&nbsp;mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10&nbsp;kb and a temperature of 600&nbsp;°C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas.</p><p id=\"sp010\">Infrared (IR) laser (CO<sub>2</sub>) heating of individual 1.5–2.5&nbsp;mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar plateau ages of 311&nbsp;±&nbsp;2&nbsp;Ma (2σ). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>loss of 0–35% in muscovite and 2–3%<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>loss in biotite. Intragrain<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages (±4–10%, 1σ) of deformed muscovites range from 309&nbsp;±&nbsp;13 to 264&nbsp;±&nbsp;7&nbsp;Ma, consistent with 0–16%<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>UV laser ablation<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217&nbsp;Ma, consistent with up to 32%<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>loss. No spatial correlation is observed between<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>diffusion dimensions. Maximum<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of &lt;1% and an average effective grain radius for<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>diffusion ⩾700&nbsp;μm. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages indicating<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius ≪100&nbsp;μm. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>∗</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cosca, M., Stunitz, H., Bourgeix, A., and Lee, J., 2011, 40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 24, p. 7759-7778, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7759","endPage":"7778","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216672,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012"}],"volume":"75","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25ee4b0c8380cd45b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosca, M. 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":107417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stunitz, H.","contributorId":44385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stunitz","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourgeix, A.-L.","contributorId":10250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgeix","given":"A.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, J.P.","contributorId":21373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034315,"text":"70034315 - 2011 - USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:29:10","indexId":"70034315","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>In response to the devastating 12 January 2010, earthquake in Haiti, the US Geological Survey (USGS) provided essential coordinating services for remote sensing activities. Communication was rapidly established between the widely distributed response teams and data providers to define imaging requirements and sensor tasking opportunities. Data acquired from a variety of sources were received and archived by the USGS, and these products were subsequently distributed using the Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) and other mechanisms. Within six weeks after the earthquake, over 600,000 files representing 54 terabytes of data were provided to the response community. The USGS directly supported a wide variety of groups in their use of these data to characterize post-earthquake conditions and to make comparisons with pre-event imagery. The rapid and continuing response achieved was enabled by existing imaging and ground systems, and skilled personnel adept in all aspects of satellite data acquisition, processing, distribution and analysis. The information derived from image interpretation assisted senior planners and on-site teams to direct assistance where it was most needed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.77.9.899","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Duda, K., and Jones, B., 2011, USGS remote sensing coordination for the 2010 Haiti earthquake: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 77, no. 9, p. 899-908, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.77.9.899.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"899","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.77.9.899","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbbd7e4b08c986b32887a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Kenneth A. duda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Kenneth A.","email":"duda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034313,"text":"70034313 - 2011 - Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T17:01:03.465858","indexId":"70034313","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability to predict amphibian breeding across landscapes is important for informing land management decisions and helping biologists better understand and remediate factors contributing to declines in amphibian populations. We built geospatial models of likely breeding habitats for each of four amphibian species that breed in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). We used field data collected in 2000–2002 from 497 sites among 16 basins and predictor variables from geospatial models produced from remotely sensed data (e.g., digital elevation model, complex topographic index, landform data, wetland probability, and vegetative cover). Except for 31 sites in one basin that were surveyed in both 2000 and 2002, all sites were surveyed once. We used polytomous regression to build statistical models for each species of amphibian from (1) field survey site data only, (2) field data combined with data from geospatial models, and (3) data from geospatial models only. Based on measures of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores, models of the second type best explained likely breeding habitat because they contained the most information (ROC values ranged from 0.70 to 0.88). However, models of the third type could be applied to the entire YNP landscape and produced maps that could be verified with reserve field data. Accuracy rates for models built for single years were highly variable, ranging from 0.30 to 0.78. Accuracy rates for models built with data combined from multiple years were higher and less variable, ranging from 0.60 to 0.80. Combining results from the geospatial multiyear models yielded maps of “core” breeding areas (areas with high probability values for all three years) surrounded by areas that scored high for only one or two years, providing an estimate of variability among years. Such information can highlight landscape options for amphibian conservation. For example, our models identify alternative areas that could be protected for each species, including 6828–10 764 ha for tiger salamanders, 971–3017 ha for western toads, 4732–16 696 ha for boreal chorus frogs, and 4940–19 690 ha for Columbia spotted frogs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-1261.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P.E., Gallant, A.L., Klaver, R.W., Wright, C., Patla, D.A., and Peterson, C.R., 2011, Predicting breeding habitat for amphibians: A spatiotemporal analysis across Yellowstone National Park: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 7, p. 2530-2547, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2530","endPage":"2547","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475420,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1261.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              45.092913646051144\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0772705078125,\n              44.18614312298759\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81aae4b0c8380cd7b670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":18895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, C.K.","contributorId":25780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patla, Debra A.","contributorId":40059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patla","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Charles R.","contributorId":95738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034308,"text":"70034308 - 2011 - Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inferred from mtDNA analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:05:17","indexId":"70034308","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inferred from mtDNA analysis","docAbstract":"Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cyprinidae) is native to China and has been introduced to over 80 countries. The extent of genetic diversity in introduced silver carp and the genetic divergence between introduced and native populations remain largely unknown. In this study, 241 silver carp sampled from three major native rivers and two non-native rivers (Mississippi River and Danube River) were analyzed using nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial COI gene and D-loop region. A total of 73 haplotypes were observed, with no haplotype found common to all the five populations and eight haplotypes shared by two to four populations. As compared with introduced populations, all native populations possess both higher haplotype diversity and higher nucleotide diversity, presumably a result of the founder effect. Significant genetic differentiation was revealed between native and introduced populations as well as among five sampled populations, suggesting strong selection pressures might have occurred in introduced populations. Collectively, this study not only provides baseline information for sustainable use of silver carp in their native country (i.e., China), but also offers first-hand genetic data for the control of silver carp in countries (e.g., the United States) where they are considered invasive.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9870-7","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Li, S., Xu, J., Yang, Q., Wang, C., Chapman, D., and Lu, G., 2011, Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inferred from mtDNA analysis: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 92, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9870-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9870-7"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f2be4b08c986b318d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, S.-F.","contributorId":49626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, J.-W.","contributorId":78575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Q.-L.","contributorId":107956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Q.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, C.H.","contributorId":10244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chapman, D.C.","contributorId":101825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lu, G.","contributorId":53189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034302,"text":"70034302 - 2011 - LA-ICP-MS of magnetite: Methods and reference materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T20:47:55.496344","indexId":"70034302","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"LA-ICP-MS of magnetite: Methods and reference materials","docAbstract":"<p>Magnetite<span>&nbsp;(Fe</span><small><sub>3</sub></small><span>O</span><small><sub>4</sub></small><span>) is a common accessory&nbsp;</span>mineral<span>&nbsp;in many geologic settings. Its variable geochemistry makes it a powerful petrogenetic&nbsp;</span>indicator<span>. Electron microprobe (</span>EMPA<span>) analyses are commonly used to examine major and minor element contents in&nbsp;</span>magnetite<span>.&nbsp;</span>Laser ablation ICP-MS<span>&nbsp;(</span>LA-ICP-MS<span>) is applicable to trace element analyses of&nbsp;</span>magnetite<span>&nbsp;but has not been widely employed to examine compositional variations. We tested the applicability of the NIST SRM 610, the USGS GSE-1G, and the NIST SRM 2782 reference materials (RMs) as external standards and developed a reliable method for&nbsp;</span>LA-ICP-MS<span>&nbsp;analysis of&nbsp;</span>magnetite<span>.&nbsp;</span>LA-ICP-MS<span>&nbsp;analyses were carried out on well characterized&nbsp;</span>magnetite<span>&nbsp;samples with a 193 nm, Excimer, ArF LA system. Although&nbsp;</span>matrix<span>-matched RMs are sometimes important for calibration and normalization of&nbsp;</span>LA-ICP-MS<span>&nbsp;data, we demonstrate that glass RMs can produce accurate results for&nbsp;</span>LA-ICP-MS<span>&nbsp;analyses of&nbsp;</span>magnetite<span>. Cross-comparison between the NIST SRM 610 and USGS GSE-1G indicates good agreement for&nbsp;</span>magnetite<span>&nbsp;minor and trace element data calibrated with either of these RMs. Many elements show a sufficiently good match between the LA-ICP-MS and the EMPA data; for example, Ti and V show a close to linear relationship with correlation coefficients,&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><small><sup>2</sup></small><span>&nbsp;of 0.79 and 0.85 respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c1ja10105f","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Nadoll, P., and Koenig, A., 2011, LA-ICP-MS of magnetite: Methods and reference materials: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1872-1877, https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ja10105f.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1872","endPage":"1877","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ja10105f"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40d5e4b0c8380cd65097","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadoll, P.","contributorId":70217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadoll","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koenig, A.E. 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":23679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034296,"text":"70034296 - 2011 - Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T12:48:07","indexId":"70034296","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many forestry and earth science applications require spatially detailed forest height data sets. Among the various remote sensing technologies, lidar offers the most potential for obtaining reliable height measurement. However, existing and planned spaceborne lidar systems do not have the capability to produce spatially contiguous, fine resolution forest height maps over large areas. This paper describes a Landsat–lidar fusion approach for modeling the height of young forests by integrating historical Landsat observations with lidar data acquired by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument onboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation (ICESat) satellite. In this approach, “young” forests refer to forests reestablished following recent disturbances mapped using Landsat time-series stacks (LTSS) and a vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm. The GLAS lidar data is used to retrieve forest height at sample locations represented by the footprints of the lidar data. These samples are used to establish relationships between lidar-based forest height measurements and LTSS–VCT disturbance products. The height of “young” forest is then mapped based on the derived relationships and the LTSS–VCT disturbance products. This approach was developed and tested over the state of Mississippi. Of the various models evaluated, a regression tree model predicting forest height from age since disturbance and three cumulative indices produced by the LTSS–VCT method yielded the lowest cross validation error. The R</span><sup>2</sup><span> and root mean square difference (RMSD) between predicted and GLAS-based height measurements were 0.91 and 1.97&nbsp;m, respectively. Predictions of this model had much higher errors than indicated by cross validation analysis when evaluated using field plot data collected through the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of USDA Forest Service. Much of these errors were due to a lack of separation between stand clearing and non-stand clearing disturbances in current LTSS–VCT products and difficulty in deriving reliable forest height measurements using GLAS samples when terrain relief was present within their footprints. In addition, a systematic underestimation of about 5&nbsp;m by the developed model was also observed, half of which could be explained by forest growth that occurred between field measurement year and model target year. The remaining difference suggests that tree height measurements derived using waveform lidar data could be significantly underestimated, especially for young pine forests. Options for improving the height modeling approach developed in this study were discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Li, A., Huang, C., Sun, G., Shi, H., Toney, C., Zhu, Z., Rollins, M.G., Goward, S.N., and Masek, J.G., 2011, Modeling the height of young forests regenerating from recent disturbances in Mississippi using Landsat and ICESat data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 115, no. 8, p. 1837-1849, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1837","endPage":"1849","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.001"}],"volume":"115","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c46e4b0c8380cd6fb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Ainong","contributorId":202742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ainong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chengquan 0000-0003-0055-9798","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-9798","contributorId":198972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chengquan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":445129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Guoqing","contributorId":202743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Guoqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shi, Hua 0000-0001-7013-1565 hshi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1565","contributorId":646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Hua","email":"hshi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Toney, Chris","contributorId":86598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rollins, Matthew G.","contributorId":54695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goward, Samuel N.","contributorId":44459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Masek, Jeffery G.","contributorId":87438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70034280,"text":"70034280 - 2011 - Estimating Hydraulic Parameters When Poroelastic Effects Are Significant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034280","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating Hydraulic Parameters When Poroelastic Effects Are Significant","docAbstract":"For almost 80 years, deformation-induced head changes caused by poroelastic effects have been observed during pumping tests in multilayered aquifer-aquitard systems. As water in the aquifer is released from compressive storage during pumping, the aquifer is deformed both in the horizontal and vertical directions. This deformation in the pumped aquifer causes deformation in the adjacent layers, resulting in changes in pore pressure that may produce drawdown curves that differ significantly from those predicted by traditional groundwater theory. Although these deformation-induced head changes have been analyzed in several studies by poroelasticity theory, there are at present no practical guidelines for the interpretation of pumping test data influenced by these effects. To investigate the impact that poroelastic effects during pumping tests have on the estimation of hydraulic parameters, we generate synthetic data for three different aquifer-aquitard settings using a poroelasticity model, and then analyze the synthetic data using type curves and parameter estimation techniques, both of which are based on traditional groundwater theory and do not account for poroelastic effects. Results show that even when poroelastic effects result in significant deformation-induced head changes, it is possible to obtain reasonable estimates of hydraulic parameters using methods based on traditional groundwater theory, as long as pumping is sufficiently long so that deformation-induced effects have largely dissipated. ?? 2011 The Author(s). Journal compilation ?? 2011 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00781.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Berg, S., Hsieh, P.A., and Illman, W., 2011, Estimating Hydraulic Parameters When Poroelastic Effects Are Significant: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 6, p. 815-829, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00781.x.","startPage":"815","endPage":"829","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00781.x"},{"id":244493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0affe4b0c8380cd524fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berg, S.J.","contributorId":61671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Illman, W.A.","contributorId":53195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Illman","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034275,"text":"70034275 - 2011 - Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow emergency-response planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034275","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow emergency-response planning","docAbstract":"Following wildfires, emergency-response and public-safety agencies can be faced with evacuation and resource-deployment decisions well in advance of coming winter storms and during storms themselves. Information critical to these decisions is provided for recently burned areas in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. A compilation of information on the hydrologic response to winter storms from recently burned areas in southern California steeplands is used to develop a system for classifying magnitudes of hydrologic response. The four-class system describes combinations of reported volumes of individual debris flows, consequences of debris flows and floods in an urban setting, and spatial extents of the hydrologic response. The range of rainfall conditions associated with different magnitude classes is defined by integrating local rainfall data with the response magnitude information. Magnitude I events can be expected when within-storm rainfall accumulations (A) of given durations (D) fall above the threshold A = 0.4D0.5 and below A = 0.5D0.6 for durations greater than 1 h. Magnitude II events will be generated in response to rainfall accumulations and durations between A = 0.4D0.5 and A = 0.9D0.5 for durations less than 1 h, and between A = 0.5D0.6 and A = 0.9D0.5 or durations greater than 1 h. Magnitude III events can be expected in response to rainfall conditions above the threshold A = 0.9D0.5. Rainfall threshold-magnitude relations are linked with potential emergency-response actions as an emergency-response decision chart, which leads a user through steps to determine potential event magnitudes and identify possible evacuation and resource-deployment levels. Use of this information in planning and response decision-making process could result in increased safety for both the public and emergency responders. ?? 2011 US Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., Boldt, E., Laber, J., Kean, J., and Staley, D., 2011, Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow emergency-response planning: Natural Hazards, v. 59, no. 1, p. 209-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2.","startPage":"209","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2"},{"id":244432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a945fe4b0c8380cd81387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boldt, E.M.","contributorId":33552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laber, J.L.","contributorId":83350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laber","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, D.M.","contributorId":17851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034273,"text":"70034273 - 2011 - Native Americans, regional drought and tree Island evolution in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T11:22:00","indexId":"70034273","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native Americans, regional drought and tree Island evolution in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"This study uses palynologic data to determine the effects of regional climate variability and human activity on the formation and development of tree islands during the last ~4000 years. Although prolonged periods of aridity have been invoked as one mechanism for their formation, Native American land use has also been hypothesized as a driver of tree island development. Using pollen assemblages from head and near tail sediments collected on two tree islands and documented archeological data, the relative roles of Native Americans, climate variability, and recent water-management practices in forming and structuring Everglades tree islands are examined. The timing of changes recorded in the pollen record indicates that tree islands developed from sawgrass marshes ~3800 cal. yr BP, prior to human occupation. Major tree island expansion, recorded near tail sediments, occurred ~1000 years after initial tree island formation. Comparison of the timing of pollen assemblages with other proxy records indicates that tree island expansion is related to regional and global aridity correlated with southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Local fire associated with droughts may also have influenced tree island expansion. This work suggests that Native American occupation did not significantly influence tree island formation and that the most important factors governing tree island expansion are extreme hydrologic events due to droughts and intense twentieth century water management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publisherLocation":"Thousand Oaks, CA","doi":"10.1177/0959683611400204","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Bernhardt, C., 2011, Native Americans, regional drought and tree Island evolution in the Florida Everglades: Holocene, v. 21, no. 6, p. 967-978, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683611400204.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"978","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683611400204"},{"id":244399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 81.0,25.0 ], [ 81.0,27.0 ], [ 80.0,27.0 ], [ 80.0,25.0 ], [ 81.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62a2e4b0c8380cd72024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernhardt, C. 0000-0003-0082-4731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":104307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034271,"text":"70034271 - 2011 - Peat Formation Processes Through the Millennia in Tidal Marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034271","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat Formation Processes Through the Millennia in Tidal Marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine peat formation processes throughout the millennia in four tidal marshes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Peat cores collected at each site were analyzed for bulk density, loss on ignition, and percent organic carbon. Core data and spline fit age-depth models were used to estimate inorganic sedimentation, organic accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates in the marshes. Bulk density and percent organic matter content of peat fluctuated through time at all sites, suggesting that peat formation processes are dynamic and responsive to watershed conditions. The balance between inorganic sedimentation and organic accumulation at the sites also varied through time, indicating that marshes may rely more strongly on either inorganic or organic matter for peat formation at particular times in their existence. Mean carbon sequestration rates found in this study (0. 38-0. 79 Mg C ha-1 year-1) were similar to other long-term estimates for temperate peatlands. ?? 2011 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (outside the USA).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., 2011, Peat Formation Processes Through the Millennia in Tidal Marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 5, p. 900-911, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7.","startPage":"900","endPage":"911","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9393-7"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a761ae4b0c8380cd77f0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, J.Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":54766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"J.Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034270,"text":"70034270 - 2011 - A Web-Based Decision Support System for Assessing Regional Water-Quality Conditions and Management Actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034270","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Web-Based Decision Support System for Assessing Regional Water-Quality Conditions and Management Actions","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program has completed a number of water-quality prediction models for nitrogen and phosphorus for the conterminous United States as well as for regional areas of the nation. In addition to estimating water-quality conditions at unmonitored streams, the calibrated SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models can be used to produce estimates of yield, flow-weighted concentration, or load of constituents in water under various land-use condition, change, or resource management scenarios. A web-based decision support infrastructure has been developed to provide access to SPARROW simulation results on stream water-quality conditions and to offer sophisticated scenario testing capabilities for research and water-quality planning via a graphical user interface with familiar controls. The SPARROW decision support system (DSS) is delivered through a web browser over an Internet connection, making it widely accessible to the public in a format that allows users to easily display water-quality conditions and to describe, test, and share modeled scenarios of future conditions. SPARROW models currently supported by the DSS are based on the modified digital versions of the 1:500,000-scale River Reach File (RF1) and 1:100,000-scale National Hydrography Dataset (medium-resolution, NHDPlus) stream networks. ?? 2011 American Water Resources Association. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Booth, N., Everman, E., Kuo, I., Sprague, L., and Murphy, L., 2011, A Web-Based Decision Support System for Assessing Regional Water-Quality Conditions and Management Actions: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 5, p. 1136-1150, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x.","startPage":"1136","endPage":"1150","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475399,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00573.x"},{"id":244848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e315e4b0c8380cd45df4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, N.L.","contributorId":60815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everman, E.J.","contributorId":88583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everman","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuo, I.-L.","contributorId":71421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuo","given":"I.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sprague, L.","contributorId":12295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, L.","contributorId":60049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034257,"text":"70034257 - 2011 - Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and ecological equivalents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034257","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and ecological equivalents","docAbstract":"Ecologically equivalent species serve similar functions in different communities, and an ecological surrogate species can be used as a substitute for an equivalent species in a community. Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanii) and black-footed ferrets (M. nigripes) have long been considered ecological equivalents. Polecats also have been used as investigational surrogates for black-footed ferrets, yet the similarities and differences between the 2 species are poorly understood. We contrasted activity patterns of radiotagged polecats and ferrets released onto ferret habitat. Ferrets tended to be nocturnal and most active after midnight. Polecats were not highly selective for any period of the day or night. Ferrets and polecats moved most during brightly moonlit nights. The diel activity pattern of ferrets was consistent with avoidance of coyotes (Canis latrans) and diurnal birds of prey. Similarly, polecat activity was consistent with avoidance of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in their natural range. Intraguild predation (including interference competition) is inferred as a selective force influencing behaviors of these mustelines. Examination of our data suggests that black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats might be ecological equivalents but are not perfect surrogates. Nonetheless, polecats as surrogates for black-footed ferrets have provided critical insight needed, especially related to predation, to improve the success of ferret reintroductions. ?? 2011 American Society of Mammalogists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-S-110.1","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., Hanebury, L.R., Miller, B., and Powell, R.A., 2011, Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and ecological equivalents: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 710-720, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-110.1.","startPage":"710","endPage":"720","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475394,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-s-110.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216763,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-S-110.1"},{"id":244650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1dde4b0c8380cd4ae81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanebury, Louis R.","contributorId":47544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanebury","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, B.J.","contributorId":17173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, R. A.","contributorId":41789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033781,"text":"70033781 - 2011 - Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-12T11:35:03","indexId":"70033781","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands","docAbstract":"Climate change has increased the area affected by forest fires each year in boreal North America. Increases in burned area and fire frequency are expected to stimulate boreal carbon losses. However, the impact of wildfires on carbon emissions is also affected by the severity of burning. How climate change influences the severity of biomass burning has proved difficult to assess. Here, we examined the depth of ground-layer combustion in 178 sites dominated by black spruce in Alaska, using data collected from 31 fire events between 1983 and 2005. We show that the depth of burning increased as the fire season progressed when the annual area burned was small. However, deep burning occurred throughout the fire season when the annual area burned was large. Depth of burning increased late in the fire season in upland forests, but not in peatland and permafrost sites. Simulations of wildfire-induced carbon losses from Alaskan black spruce stands over the past 60 years suggest that ground-layer combustion has accelerated regional carbon losses over the past decade, owing to increases in burn area and late-season burning. As a result, soils in these black spruce stands have become a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, with carbon emissions far exceeding decadal uptake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/ngeo1027","issn":"17520894","usgsCitation":"Turetsky, M., Kane, E., Harden, J., Ottmar, R., Manies, K., Hoy, E., and Kasischke, E., 2011, Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands: Nature Geoscience, v. 4, no. 1, p. 27-31, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1027.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1027"},{"id":242200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95d6e4b0c8380cd81c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kane, E.S.","contributorId":42275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ottmar, R.D.","contributorId":72603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottmar","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Manies, K.L.","contributorId":23228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoy, E.","contributorId":40439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kasischke, E.S.","contributorId":61201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033785,"text":"70033785 - 2011 - Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:34:13","indexId":"70033785","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations. ?? 2010 American Water Resources Association. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D., Lorenz, D., and Domagalski, J.L., 2011, Comparison of Two Parametric Methods to Estimate Pesticide Mass Loads in California's Central Valley: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f849e4b0c8380cd4cfc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, D.K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":82748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleh","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033787,"text":"70033787 - 2011 - Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70033787","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities","docAbstract":"The relation between the complex geological history of the western margin of the North American plate and the processes in the mantle is still not fully documented and understood. Several pre-USArray local seismic studies showed how the characteristics of key geological features such as the Colorado Plateau and the Yellowstone Snake River Plains are linked to their deep mantle structure. Recent body-wave models based on the deployment of the high density, large aperture USArray have provided far more details on the mantle structure while surface-wave tomography (ballistic waves and noise correlations) informs us on the shallow structure. Here we combine constraints from these two data sets to image and study the link between the geology of the western United States, the shallow structure of the Earth and the convective processes in mantle. Our multiphase DNA10-S model provides new constraints on the extent of the Archean lithosphere imaged as a large, deeply rooted fast body that encompasses the stable Great Plains and a large portion of the Northern and Central Rocky Mountains. Widespread slow anomalies are found in the lower crust and upper mantle, suggesting that low-density rocks isostatically sustain part of the high topography of the western United States. The Yellowstone anomaly is imaged as a large slow body rising from the lower mantle, intruding the overlying lithosphere and controlling locally the seismicity and the topography. The large E-W extent of the USArray used in this study allows imaging the 'slab graveyard', a sequence of Farallon fragments aligned with the currently subducting Juan de Fuca Slab, north of the Mendocino Triple Junction. The lithospheric root of the Colorado Plateau has apparently been weakened and partly removed through dripping. The distribution of the slower regions around the Colorado Plateau and other rigid blocks follows closely the trend of Cenozoic volcanic fields and ancient lithospheric sutures, suggesting that the later exert a control on the locus of magmato-tectonic activity today. The DNA velocity models are available for download and slicing at http://dna.berkeley.edu. ?? 2011 The Authors Geophysical Journal International ?? 2011 RAS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Obrebski, M., Allen, R.M., Pollitz, F., and Hung, S., 2011, Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction beneath the western United States from the joint inversion of body-wave traveltimes and surface-wave phase velocities: Geophysical Journal International, v. 185, no. 2, p. 1003-1021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x.","startPage":"1003","endPage":"1021","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475379,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.04990.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04990.x"},{"id":242298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"185","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4892e4b0c8380cd67f6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obrebski, M.","contributorId":58853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obrebski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hung, S.-H.","contributorId":59261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hung","given":"S.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033789,"text":"70033789 - 2011 - Decision analysis for conservation breeding: Maximizing production for reintroduction of whooping cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:43:40","indexId":"70033789","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decision analysis for conservation breeding: Maximizing production for reintroduction of whooping cranes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Captive breeding is key to management of severely endangered species, but maximizing captive production can be challenging because of poor knowledge of species breeding biology and the complexity of evaluating different management options. In the face of uncertainty and complexity, decision-analytic approaches can be used to identify optimal management options for maximizing captive production. Building decision-analytic models requires iterations of model conception, data analysis, model building and evaluation, identification of remaining uncertainty, further research and monitoring to reduce uncertainty, and integration of new data into the model. We initiated such a process to maximize captive production of the whooping crane (</span><i>Grus americana</i><span>), the world's most endangered crane, which is managed through captive breeding and reintroduction. We collected 15 years of captive breeding data from 3 institutions and used Bayesian analysis and model selection to identify predictors of whooping crane hatching success. The strongest predictor, and that with clear management relevance, was incubation environment. The incubation period of whooping crane eggs is split across two environments: crane nests and artificial incubators. Although artificial incubators are useful for allowing breeding pairs to produce multiple clutches, our results indicate that crane incubation is most effective at promoting hatching success. Hatching probability increased the longer an egg spent in a crane nest, from 40% hatching probability for eggs receiving 1 day of crane incubation to 95% for those receiving 30 days (time incubated in each environment varied independently of total incubation period). Because birds will lay fewer eggs when they are incubating longer, a tradeoff exists between the number of clutches produced and egg hatching probability. We developed a decision-analytic model that estimated 16 to be the optimal number of days of crane incubation needed to maximize the number of offspring produced. These results show that using decision-analytic tools to account for uncertainty in captive breeding can improve the rate at which such programs contribute to wildlife reintroductions.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.88","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Converse, S.J., Gibson, K., Moehrenschlager, A., Link, W., Olsen, G.H., and Maguire, K., 2011, Decision analysis for conservation breeding: Maximizing production for reintroduction of whooping cranes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 3, p. 501-508, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.88.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"508","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.88"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe05e4b0c8380cd4ea91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Des","contributorId":98163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Des","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, Keith","contributorId":65320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moehrenschlager, Axel","contributorId":32770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"Axel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":145491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maguire, Kelly","contributorId":173722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguire","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70033790,"text":"70033790 - 2011 - Diel activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in a northwest Florida bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033790","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in a northwest Florida bay","docAbstract":"In this paper, we assess patterns in activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi over a 24-h period in the Pensacola bay system, Florida. Although seasonal migration of sturgeon is well documented, little information is available pertaining to daily variation in activity. We surgically implanted 58 Gulf sturgeon with acoustic transmitters in the Escambia (n=26), Yellow (n=8), Blackwater (n=12) and Choctawhatchee rivers (n=12) in June, July, September and October 2005. Gulf sturgeon location was monitored using an array of 56 fixed-station acoustic receivers. The relationship between frequency of Gulf sturgeon observations recorded on all acoustic receivers and time of day for all seasons combined indicated a strong diel activity pattern. Gulf sturgeon were frequently detected at night in all seasons with the exception of summer. Consecutive hourly observations indicated lateral movement of Gulf sturgeon between independent acoustic receivers on 15% of all observations of individuals. The use of an acoustic receiver array not only provides continuous data within a defined area, but also provides insight into nocturnal behavior of Gulf sturgeon not previously identified. ?? 2011 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01641.x","issn":"01758659","usgsCitation":"Wrege, B., Duncan, M., and Isely, J.J., 2011, Diel activity of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon in a northwest Florida bay: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 322-326, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01641.x.","startPage":"322","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214113,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01641.x"},{"id":241804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00bce4b0c8380cd4f8b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wrege, B.M.","contributorId":100405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wrege","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, M.S.","contributorId":99750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033815,"text":"70033815 - 2011 - GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033815","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1822,"text":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination","docAbstract":"This paper contains the results of an extensive isotopic study of United States Geological Survey GSD-1G and MPI-DING reference glasses. Thirteen different laboratories were involved using high-precision bulk (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS) and microanalytical (LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS) techniques. Detailed studies were performed to demonstrate the large-scale and small-scale homogeneity of the reference glasses. Together with previously published isotopic data from ten other laboratories, preliminary reference and information values as well as their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level were determined for H, O, Li, B, Si, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, Th and U isotopes using the recommendations of the International Association of Geoanalysts for certification of reference materials. Our results indicate that GSD-1G and the MPI-DING glasses are suitable reference materials for microanalytical and bulk analytical purposes. Ce document contient les r??sultats d'une importante ??tude isotopique des verres de r??f??rence USGS GSD-1G et MPI-DING. Treize laboratoires diff??rents ont particip?? au travers de techniques analytiques de haute pr??cision travaillant soit sur ??chantillon total (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS) soit par microanalyse ??in situ?? (LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS). ?? 2010 The Authors. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research ?? 2010 International Association of Geoanalysts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x","issn":"16394488","usgsCitation":"Jochum, K., Wilson, S., Abouchami, W., Amini, M., Chmeleff, J., Eisenhauer, A., Hegner, E., Iaccheri, L., Kieffer, B., Krause, J., McDonough, W., Mertz-Kraus, R., Raczek, I., Rudnick, R., Scholz, D.K., Steinhoefel, G., Stoll, B., Stracke, A., Tonarini, S., Weis, D., Weis, U., and Woodhead, J., 2011, GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination: Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 193-226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x.","startPage":"193","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214531,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x"},{"id":242266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1486e4b0c8380cd54a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jochum, K.P.","contributorId":35139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jochum","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abouchami, W.","contributorId":103886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abouchami","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amini, M.","contributorId":6673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chmeleff, J.","contributorId":89733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chmeleff","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eisenhauer, A.","contributorId":101099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenhauer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hegner, E.","contributorId":32304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hegner","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Iaccheri, L.M.","contributorId":39209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iaccheri","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kieffer, B.","contributorId":71781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krause, J.","contributorId":56874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McDonough, W.F.","contributorId":97314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonough","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mertz-Kraus, R.","contributorId":15024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertz-Kraus","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Raczek, I.","contributorId":83751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raczek","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rudnick, R.L.","contributorId":90122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudnick","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Scholz, Donna K.","contributorId":105135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Steinhoefel, G.","contributorId":54421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhoefel","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stoll, B.","contributorId":7926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stracke, A.","contributorId":108326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stracke","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Tonarini, S.","contributorId":38790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonarini","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Weis, D.","contributorId":62035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Weis, U.","contributorId":15025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Woodhead, J.D.","contributorId":70608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhead","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}}
,{"id":70033820,"text":"70033820 - 2011 - Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:24:17","indexId":"70033820","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drought is a recurring phenomenon in the American Southwest. Since the frequency and severity of hydrologic droughts and other hydroclimatic events are of critical importance to the ecology and rapidly growing human population of this region, knowledge of long-term natural hydroclimatic variability is valuable for resource managers and policy-makers. An October–June precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 824–2007 was developed from multi-century tree-ring records of </span><i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i><span> (Douglas-fir), </span><i>Pinus strobiformis</i><span> (Southwestern white pine) and </span><i>Pinus ponderosa</i><span> (Ponderosa pine) for the Jemez Mountains in Northern New Mexico. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1896–2007 show a high level of skill, and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (&gt;50%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1896–2007). A recent segment of the reconstruction (2000–2006) emerges as the driest 7-year period sensed by the trees in the entire record. That this period was only moderately dry in precipitation anomaly likely indicates accentuated stress from other factors, such as warmer temperatures. Correlation field maps of actual and reconstructed October–June total precipitation, sea surface temperatures and 500-mb geopotential heights show characteristics that are similar to those indicative of El Niño–Southern Oscillation patterns, particularly with regard to ocean and atmospheric conditions in the equatorial and north Pacific. Our 1184-year reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability provides long-term perspective on current and 20th century wet and dry events in Northern New Mexico, is useful to guide expectations of future variability, aids sustainable water management, provides scenarios for drought planning and as inputs for hydrologic models under a broader range of conditions than those provided by historical climate records.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/joc.2117","usgsCitation":"Touchan, R., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., and Allen, C.D., 2011, Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal: International Journal of Climatology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 896-906, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2117.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"906","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mounains","volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a572ee4b0c8380cd6daec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Touchan, Ramzi","contributorId":77863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Touchan","given":"Ramzi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033828,"text":"70033828 - 2011 - The influence of stream channels on distributions of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa in the Mojave Desert, CA, USA: Patterns, mechanisms and effects of stream redistribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T12:32:57","indexId":"70033828","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of stream channels on distributions of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa in the Mojave Desert, CA, USA: Patterns, mechanisms and effects of stream redistribution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drainage channels are among the most conspicuous surficial features of deserts, but little quantitative analysis of their influence on plant distributions is available. We analysed the effects of desert stream channels (‘washes’) on&nbsp;</span><i>Larrea tridentata</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Ambrosia dumosa</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>density and cover on an alluvial piedmont in the Mojave Desert, based on a spatial analysis of transect data encompassing a total length of 2775 m surveyed in 5 cm increments. Significant deviations from average transect properties were identified by bootstrapping. Predictably, shrub cover and density were much reduced inside washes, and elevated above average levels adjacent to washes. Average<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Larrea</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Ambrosia</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>cover and density peaked 1·2–1·6 m and 0·5–1·0 m from wash edges, respectively. We compared wash effects in runon-depleted (−R) sections, where washes had been cut off from runon and were presumably inactive, with those in runon-supplemented (+R) sections downslope from railroad culverts to help identify mechanisms responsible for the facilitative effect of washes on adjacent shrubs. Shrub cover and density near washes peaked in both + R and − R sections, suggesting that improved water infiltration and storage alone can cause a facilitative effect on adjacent shrubs. However, washes of &lt; 2 m width in + R sections had larger than average effects on peak cover, suggesting that plants also benefit from occasional resource supplementation. The data suggest that channel networks significantly contribute to structuring plant communities in the Mojave Desert and their disruption has notable effects on geomorphic and ecological processes far beyond the original disturbance sites.<span>&nbsp;</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.116","issn":"19360584","usgsCitation":"Schwinning, S., Sandquist, D., Miller, D., Bedford, D.R., Phillips, S.L., and Belnap, J., 2011, The influence of stream channels on distributions of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa in the Mojave Desert, CA, USA: Patterns, mechanisms and effects of stream redistribution: Ecohydrology, v. 4, no. 1, p. 12-25, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.116.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-019949","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.116"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad38e4b08c986b323a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwinning, S.","contributorId":41207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwinning","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandquist, D.R.","contributorId":37281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandquist","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bedford, D. R.","contributorId":9734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, S. L.","contributorId":94460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033843,"text":"70033843 - 2011 - An enhanced TIMESAT algorithm for estimating vegetation phenology metrics from MODIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033843","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"An enhanced TIMESAT algorithm for estimating vegetation phenology metrics from MODIS data","docAbstract":"An enhanced TIMESAT algorithm was developed for retrieving vegetation phenology metrics from 250 m and 500 m spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indexes (VI) over North America. MODIS VI data were pre-processed using snow-cover and land surface temperature data, and temporally smoothed with the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm. An objective third derivative test was applied to define key phenology dates and retrieve a set of phenology metrics. This algorithm has been applied to two MODIS VIs: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). In this paper, we describe the algorithm and use EVI as an example to compare three sets of TIMESAT algorithm/MODIS VI combinations: a) original TIMESAT algorithm with original MODIS VI, b) original TIMESAT algorithm with pre-processed MODIS VI, and c) enhanced TIMESAT and pre-processed MODIS VI. All retrievals were compared with ground phenology observations, some made available through the National Phenology Network. Our results show that for MODIS data in middle to high latitude regions, snow and land surface temperature information is critical in retrieving phenology metrics from satellite observations. The results also show that the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm can better accommodate growing season start and end dates that vary significantly from year to year. The TIMESAT algorithm improvements contribute to more spatial coverage and more accurate retrievals of the phenology metrics. Among three sets of TIMESAT/MODIS VI combinations, the start of the growing season metric predicted by the enhanced TIMESAT algorithm using pre-processed MODIS VIs has the best associations with ground observed vegetation greenup dates. ?? 2010 IEEE.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2075916","usgsCitation":"Tan, B., Morisette, J., Wolfe, R., Gao, F., Ederer, G., Nightingale, J., and Pedelty, J., 2011, An enhanced TIMESAT algorithm for estimating vegetation phenology metrics from MODIS data, <i>in</i> IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 4, no. 2, p. 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2075916.","startPage":"361","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2075916"},{"id":242203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea3be4b0c8380cd4870a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, B.","contributorId":32742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, R.E.","contributorId":98073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gao, F.","contributorId":60575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ederer, G.A.","contributorId":75346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ederer","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nightingale, J.","contributorId":29656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nightingale","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pedelty, J.A.","contributorId":41788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedelty","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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