No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gq95","usgsCitation":"McAllister, J.F., 1956, Geology of the Ubehebe Peak quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 95, Report: 2 p.; Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq95.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; Plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102006,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_383.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"383"},{"id":254021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":248711,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ubehebe Peak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.75,36.5 ], [ -117.75,36.75 ], [ -117.5,36.75 ], [ -117.5,36.5 ], [ -117.75,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a34c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, James Franklin","contributorId":16841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66496,"text":"i191 - 1956 - Photogeologic map of the Paria Plateau SE quadrangle, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:17","indexId":"i191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"191","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Photogeologic map of the Paria Plateau SE quadrangle, Coconino County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i191","usgsCitation":"Marshall, C.H., 1956, Photogeologic map of the Paria Plateau SE quadrangle, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 191, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/i191.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103112,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1597.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1597"},{"id":187867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.86749999999999,36.75 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36.8675 ], [ -111.75,36.8675 ], [ -111.75,36.75 ], [ -111.86749999999999,36.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, C. H.","contributorId":31050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1182,"text":"wsp1330B - 1956 - Water requirements of the carbon-black industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":1182,"text":"wsp1330B - 1956 - Water requirements of the carbon-black industry","indexId":"wsp1330B","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Water requirements of the carbon-black industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:59:48","indexId":"wsp1330B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"B","title":"Water requirements of the carbon-black industry","docAbstract":"Carbon blacks include an important group of industrial carbons used chiefly as a reinforcing agent in rubber tires. In 1953 more than 1,610 million pounds of carbon black was produced, of which approximately 1,134 million pounds was consumed by the rubber industry. The carbon-black industry uses small quantities of water as compared to some industries; however, the water requirements of the industry are important because of the dependence of the rubber-tire industry on carbon black.
Two methods are used in the manufacture of carbon black - contact and furnace. The only process use of water in the contact method is that used in pelleting. Water is used also in the plant washhouse and for cleaning, and sometimes the company camp may be supplied by the plant. A survey made during the last quarter of 1953 showed that the average values of unit water use at contact plants for process use, all plant uses, and all uses including company camps are 0.08, 0.14, and 0.98 gallon of water per pound of carbon black respectively.
In addition to use in wet pelleting, large quantities of water are required in continuous and cyclic furnace methods to reduce the temperature of the gases of decomposition in order to separate and collect the entrained carbon black. The 22 furnace plants in operation in 1953 used a total of 12.4 million gallons per day for process use. Four furnace plants generate electric power for plant use; condenser-cooling water for one such plant may nearly equal the requirements of the entire industry for process use. The average values of unit water use at furnace plants for process use, all plant uses and all uses including company camps but excluding power generation are 3.26, 3.34, and 3.45 gallons of water per pound of carbon black respectively.
Carbon-black plants in remote, sparsely settled areas often must maintain company camps for employees. Twenty-one of twenty-seven contact plants surveyed in 1953 had company camps. These camps used large quantities of water: 0.84 gallon per pound of carbon black as compared to 0.14 gallon per pound used in the plants.
Furnace plants can generally be located near a labor supply and, therefore, do not require company camps. Ten of the twenty-two furnace plants surveyed in 1953 had company camps.
Because water used for pelleting and gas quenching is evaporated, leaving the dissolved minerals in the product as objectionable impurities, particular attention was paid to the quality of water available for use at the plants visited during the 1953 survey. Reports of chemical analyses of water samples were obtained at 23 plants. A study of these reports does not develop a pattern of the limits of tolerance of dissolved solids in water used in process or of the need for water treatment based on geographical location of the plant. However these analyses show that water used for quenching contains less dissolved solids than water used by the industry for any other purpose.
Based on trends in the industry it is expected that the quantity of water used by the carbon-black industry will increase more rapidly than will the quantity of carbon black produced because of the increasing percentage produced in furnace plants, and that selection of sites for modern furnace plants will be influenced more by quantity and quality of the available water supply than was the case in selecting sites for contact plants for which low-cost natural gas was the primary consideration.
","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330B","usgsCitation":"Conklin, H.L., 1956, Water requirements of the carbon-black industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330B.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"101","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26026,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330b/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"657.85 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conklin, Howard L.","contributorId":81883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1181,"text":"wsp1330C - 1956 - Water requirements of the aluminum industry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":1181,"text":"wsp1330C - 1956 - Water requirements of the aluminum industry","indexId":"wsp1330C","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Water requirements of the aluminum industry"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188911,"text":"wsp1330 - 1955 - Water requirements of selected industries","indexId":"wsp1330","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Water requirements of selected industries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:58:52","indexId":"wsp1330C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1330","chapter":"C","title":"Water requirements of the aluminum industry","docAbstract":"Aluminum is unique among metals in the way it is obtained from its ore. The first step is to produce alumina, a white powder that bears no resemblance to the bauxite from which it is derived or to the metallic aluminum to which it is reduced by electrolytic action in a second step. Each step requires a complete plant facility, and the plants may be adjacent or separated by as much as the width of the North American continent. Field investigations sf every alumina plant and reduction works in the United States were undertaken to determine the industry's water use. Detailed studies were made of process and plant layout so that a water balance could be made for each plant to determine not only the gross water intake but also an approximation of the consumptive use of water.
Water requirements of alumina plants range from 0.28 to 1.10 gallons per pound of alumina; the average for the industry is 0.66 gallon. Water requirements of reduction works vary considerably more, ranging from 1.24 to 36.33 gallons per pound of aluminum, and average 14.62 gallons.
All alumina plants in the United States derive alumina from bauxite by the Bayer process or by the Combination process, a modification of the Bayer process. Although the chemical process for obtaining alumina from bauxite is essentially the same at all plants, different procedures are employed to cool the sodium aluminate solution before it enters the precipitating tanks and to concentrate it by evaporation of some of the water in the solution. Where this evaporation takes place in a cooling tower, water in the solution is lost to the atmosphere as water vapor and so is used consumptively. In other plants, the quantity of solution in the system is controlled by evaporation in a multiple-effect evaporator where practically all vapor distilled out of the solution is condensed to water that may be reused. The latter method is used in all recently constructed alumina plants, and some older plants are replacing cooling towers with multiple-effect evaporators.
All reduction works in the United States use the Hall process, but the variation in water requirements is even greater than the variation at alumina plants, and, further, the total daily water requirement for all reduction works is more than 9 times the total daily requirement of all alumina plants. Many reduction works use gas scrubbers, but some do not. As gas scrubbing is one of the principal water uses in reduction works, the manner in which wash water is used, cooled, and reused accounts in large measure for the variation in water requirements.
Although the supply of water for all plants but one was reported by the management to be ample for all plant needs, the economic factor of the cost of water differs considerably among plants. It is this factor that accounts in large measure for the widely divergent slant practices. Plant capacity alone has so little effect on plant water requirements that other conditions such as plant operation based on the cost of water, plant location, and the need for conservation of water mask any economy inherent in plant size.
","largerWorkTitle":"Water requirements of selected industries","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1330C","usgsCitation":"Conklin, H.L., 1956, Water requirements of the aluminum industry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1330, v, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1330C.","productDescription":"v, 137 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26025,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330c/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":138026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1330c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conklin, Howard L.","contributorId":81883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1220,"text":"wsp1371 - 1956 - Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51188,"text":"ofr52148 - 1952 - Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table","indexId":"ofr52148","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Map of the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge - Ainsworth area, Nebraska, showing location of wells, depth to water, and contours of the water table"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1220,"text":"wsp1371 - 1956 - Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska","indexId":"wsp1371","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T21:32:54.636473","indexId":"wsp1371","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1371","title":"Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The Ainsworth unit, so named by the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, is in north-central Nebraska and is in the drainage basin of the Niobrara River. It is an area of about 1,000 square miles in the east-central part of Cherry County and northern part of Brown County. The east-west length of the area is about 60 miles and the width ranges from 9 to 21 miles. About 80 percent of the area consists of grass-covered sandhills; the remainder is the Ainsworth tableland, which is flat to gently rolling farmland between Plum and Long Pine Creeks in the eastern part of the area. The average annual precipitation is about 23 inches. Although most of the C).ops are raised by dry-farming methods, some farmland is irrigated with water pumped from wells. The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has proposed to irrigate much of the Ainsworth tableland with surface water to be stored in a reservoir on the Snake River at the west border of the Ainsworth unit.
The rocks exposed in the Ainsworth unit range in age from Tertiary (Pliocene) to Quaternary (Recent). The Ogallala formation of Pliocene age is exposed along the lower part of the Snake River valley and underlies the entire Ainsworth unit. It is composed of silt, sand, and gravel, and contains layers of sandstone and conglomerate, much of which is cross bedded and cemented with lime; coarser sediments generally are more prominent in the lower part. Overlying the Ogallala formation are deposits of Pleistocene age consisting in part of layers of saturated sand and gravel which are the most important sources of ground water in the Ainsworth unit. Throughout most of the area the ground water is under watertable conditions, but locally it is confined by lenses of clay or silty clay. Some wells tap only the sand and gravel of Pleistocene age, some tap both the deposits of Pleistocene age and the underlying Ogallala formation, and some tap only the Ogallala formation; no wells are known to extend into rocks older than the Ogallala. Dune sand mantles the deposits of Pleistocene age in about 80 percent of the Ainsworth unit and a thin deposit of loess covers the surface elsewhere. Terrace deposits border the flood plain of the principal streams, and alluvium underlies the flood plain of most of the stream valleys in the area.
Precipitation and underflow from the southwest are the principal sources of the ground water in the Ainsworth unit. As most of the precipitation in the sandhills evaporates, is utilized by growing plants, or penetrates to the zone of saturation, the overland runoff from this part of the area is small. In the vicinity of Ainsworth a minor amount of recharge probably is derived from the return of irrigation water pumped from wells. Where the water table is near the surface in the valleys of the sandhills, ground water is discharged directly from the zone of saturation to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration; and, as the surface of the lakes in the sandhills area is an extension of the water table, evaporation from the lake surface also constitutes ground-water discharge. In addition, ground water is discharged by the streams that are incised below the water table and by subsurface outflow. The yield of wells accounts for only a small part of the discharge of ground water from the area.
In the Ainsworth unit the water table slopes northeastward from the region of favorable recharge, the sandhills, toward the Niobrara River and its principal tributaries. The average gradient of the water table is about 10 feet per mile. In the sandhills the water table is at or near the surface in the valleys and as much as 100 feet, or a little more, beneath the higher sandhills. In the vicinity of Ainsworth the water level in wells ranges from less than 1 foot to about 40 feet below the land surface, but nearer the Niobrara River and close to its deeply entrenched tributaries the depth to the water table is as much as, or a little more than, 200 feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1371","usgsCitation":"Cronin, J.G., Newport, T., and Krieger, R.A., 1956, Ground-water resources of the Ainsworth unit, Cherry and Brown Counties, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1371, Report: v, 120 p.; 2 Plates: 45.76 x 20.00 inches and 25.00 x 20.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1371.","productDescription":"Report: v, 120 p.; 2 Plates: 45.76 x 20.00 inches and 25.00 x 20.65 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26135,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1371/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26134,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1371/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26133,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1371/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1371/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411258,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24353.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United StatesNebraska","state":"Brown County, Cherry County","otherGeospatial":"Ainsworth Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.681,\n 42.806\n ],\n [\n -100.867,\n 42.806\n ],\n [\n -100.867,\n 42.408\n ],\n [\n -99.681,\n 42.408\n ],\n [\n -99.681,\n 42.806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, James G.","contributorId":67070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newport, Thomas G.","contributorId":93462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newport","given":"Thomas G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krieger, R. A.","contributorId":11202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1161,"text":"wsp1373 - 1956 - Sedimentation and chemical quality of surface waters in the Wind River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1373","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1373","title":"Sedimentation and chemical quality of surface waters in the Wind River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report gives results of an investigation by the U. S. Geological Survey of chemical quality of surface waters and sedimentation in the Wind River Basin, Wyo. The sedimentation study was begun in 1946 to determine the quantity of sediment that is transported by the streams in the basin; the probable sources of the sediment; the effect of large irrigation projects on sediment yield, particularly along Fivemile Creek; and the probable specific weight of the sediment when initially deposited in a reservoir. The study of the chemical quality of the water was begun in 1945 to obtain information on the sources, nature, and amounts of dissolved material that is transported by streams and on the suitability of the waters for different uses. Phases of geology and hydrology pertinent to the sedimentation and chemical quality were studied. Results of the investigation through September 30, 1952, and some special studies that were made during the 1953 and 1954 water years are reported. \r\n\r\nThe rocks in the Wind River Basin are granite, schist, and gneiss of Precambrian age and a thick series of sedimentary strata that range in age from Cambrian to Recent. Rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic age are confined to the mountains, rocks of Mesozoic age crop out along the flank of the Wind River and Owl Creek Mountains and in denuded anticlines in the floor of the basin, and rocks of Tertiary age cover the greater part of the floor of the basin. Deposits of debris from glaciers are in the mountains, and remnants of gravel-capped terraces of Pleistocene age are on the floor of the basin. The lateral extent and depth of alluvial deposits of Recent age along all the streams are highly variable. \r\n\r\nThe climate of the floor of the basin is arid. The foothills probably receive a greater amount of intense rainfall than the areas at lower altitudes. Most precipitation in the Wind River Mountains falls as snow. The foothill sections, in general, are transitional zones between the cold, humid climate of the high mountains and the warmer, drier climate of the basin floor. \r\n\r\nAverage annual runoff in the basin is about 3.6 inches on the basis of adjusted streamflow records for the Bighorn River near Thermopolis. Runoff from the mountains is high and is mostly from melting of snow and from spring and early summer rains. It does not vary greatly from year to year because annual water losses are small in comparison to annual precipitation. In the areas on the floor of the basin, where runoff is low, the runoff is mostly the result of storms in late spring and early summer. The annual water losses nearly equal the annual precipitation; therefore, runoff is extremely variable, in terms of percentage changes, from year to year and from point to point during any 1 year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1373","usgsCitation":"Colby, B.R., Hembree, C., and Rainwater, F.H., 1956, Sedimentation and chemical quality of surface waters in the Wind River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1373, x, 336 p. :ill., maps (12 folded in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1373.","productDescription":"x, 336 p. :ill., maps (12 folded in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25976,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25977,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25978,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25979,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25980,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25981,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25982,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25983,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25984,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25985,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25986,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25987,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25988,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1373/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db5181b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colby, B. R.","contributorId":59776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colby","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hembree, C. H.","contributorId":106866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hembree","given":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rainwater, F. H.","contributorId":41402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainwater","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":64407,"text":"gp137 - 1956 - Aeromagnetic map of Berwick quadrangle, Maine and New Hampshire: Total intensity relative to arbitrary datum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T20:21:26.135436","indexId":"gp137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"137","title":"Aeromagnetic map of Berwick quadrangle, Maine and New Hampshire: Total intensity relative to arbitrary datum","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp137","usgsCitation":"Bromery, R.W., and Zandle, G.L., 1956, Aeromagnetic map of Berwick quadrangle, Maine and New Hampshire: Total intensity relative to arbitrary datum: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 137, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 18.19 × 21.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp137.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 18.19 × 21.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403231,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_3049.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":251955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":251120,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0137/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Maine, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Berwick quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71,43.25 ], [ -71,43.5 ], [ -70.75,43.5 ], [ -70.75,43.25 ], [ -71,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromery, Randolph Wilson","contributorId":22746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromery","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"Wilson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zandle, G. L.","contributorId":39863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zandle","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":270833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71705,"text":"tei714 - 1956 - Preliminary studies of coalified wood associated with uranium on the Colorao Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:49","indexId":"tei714","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"714","title":"Preliminary studies of coalified wood associated with uranium on the Colorao Plateau","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei714","usgsCitation":"Breger, I., 1956, Preliminary studies of coalified wood associated with uranium on the Colorao Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 714, 49 p. : ill. ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei714.","productDescription":"49 p. : ill. ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/714/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/714/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aace4b07f02db66a3f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":41901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51919,"text":"ofr5681 - 1956 - Measuring streamflow under ice conditions","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51919,"text":"ofr5681 - 1956 - Measuring streamflow under ice conditions","indexId":"ofr5681","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring streamflow under ice conditions"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047649,"text":"70047649 - 1957 - Measuring streamflow under ice conditions","indexId":"70047649","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring streamflow under ice conditions"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047649,"text":"70047649 - 1957 - Measuring streamflow under ice conditions","indexId":"70047649","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring streamflow under ice conditions"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-16T11:52:40","indexId":"ofr5681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-81","title":"Measuring streamflow under ice conditions","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5681","usgsCitation":"Moore, A., 1956, Measuring streamflow under ice conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 56-81, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5681.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, A.M.","contributorId":87909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51934,"text":"ofr56115 - 1956 - Ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:34","indexId":"ofr56115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-115","title":"Ground water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr56115","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1956, Ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 56-115, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr56115.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12553,"text":"ofr564 - 1956 - Report on seismic survey at Ordnance Test Station, Maynard, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:43","indexId":"ofr564","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-4","title":"Report on seismic survey at Ordnance Test Station, Maynard, Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr564","usgsCitation":"Barnes, D., 1956, Report on seismic survey at Ordnance Test Station, Maynard, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 56-4, 8 p. ill., map ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr564.","productDescription":"8 p. ill., map ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40935,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, David F.","contributorId":72787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"David F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51939,"text":"ofr56120 - 1956 - Estimated use of water in Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:34","indexId":"ofr56120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-120","title":"Estimated use of water in Tennessee","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr56120","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1956, Estimated use of water in Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 56-120, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr56120.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51916,"text":"ofr5670 - 1956 - Water levels in observation wells in Nebraska during 1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T15:42:49","indexId":"ofr5670","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-70","title":"Water levels in observation wells in Nebraska during 1955","docAbstract":"The objective of the dbservation-well program in Nebraska is to provide an evaluation of the status of the ground-water supplies. Many uses for water-.level data are known but not all potential uses can be forseen. Among the important uses are the following:
The water level in an observation well functions as a gage to indicate the position of the water table o The water table is defined as the upper surface of the zone of saturation except where that surface is formed by overlying impermeable materials. The water table is also the boundary between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration. It is not a level surface but is a sloping surface that has many irregularities, and it often conforms in a general way to the land surface. The irregularities are caused by several factors. In places where the recharge to the ground-water reservoir is exceptionally large, the water-table may rise to form a mound from which the water slowly spreads. Depressions or troughs in the water table indicate places where the ground water is discharging, as along streams that are below the normal level of the water table, or indicate places where water is being withdrawn by wells or vegetation.
The several factors that influence the water table vary in fact and amount from time to time because of changes in weather and the water requirements of vegetation and man; thus, the water table is nearly always rising or falling.
The fluctuations of the water table are shown by the changes in water levels in wells. Thus, the rate and amount of the fluctuation of the water table can be ascertained by observing the water levels in wells, and the magnitude of the several factors effecting the position of the water table can be interpreted by analyzing the water—level data.
Water-level measurements are given, in this report, in feet below the land surface at the well site. Water levels that are above land surface are preceded by a plus (+) sign, whereas those below land surface have no sign but are understood to be minus (-). The words \"land-surface datum\" are abbreviated \"lsd\" in tables of this report.
The altitude above mean sea level (msl) of the land surface at many of the well sites has been determined and is included in the tables of this report.
Lower case letters which appear in the table of water level measurements indicate the following: 6', nearby well pumped recently; f, dry; g, measured by outside agency; and j, frozen.
Twenty-.six observation wells in Nebraska are equipped with recording gages. Each recording gage produces a continuous graph of water-level fluctuations in the well. Only the lowest water level on the last day of record in each month, as recorded by the gage, is given in this report; the complete record is on file in the office of the U. S. Geological Survey in Lincoln, Nebr.
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chemistry and mineralogy of vanadium: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 622, 42 p., 12 fig., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei622.","productDescription":"42 p., 12 fig.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/622/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/622/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6688e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Howard T. Jr.","contributorId":70852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Howard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":34427,"text":"b1036D - 1956 - Correlation of dioctahedral potassium micas on the basis of their charge relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:21","indexId":"b1036D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1036","chapter":"D","title":"Correlation of dioctahedral potassium micas on the basis of their charge relations","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1036D","usgsCitation":"Foster, M.D., 1956, Correlation of dioctahedral potassium micas on the basis of their charge relations: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1036, p. 56-67, ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1036D.","productDescription":"p. 56-67, ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1036d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1036d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68463c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Margaret Dorothy","contributorId":81897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Dorothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10517,"text":"ofr5691 - 1956 - Permafrost and ground-water conditions in the Glennallen area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T18:28:57.089939","indexId":"ofr5691","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"56-91","title":"Permafrost and ground-water conditions in the Glennallen area, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report is an outgrowth of permafrost and geologic field studies now in progress in the southeastern Copper River basin, Alaska and is in response to inquiries for information on permafrost and ground-water conditions. Various private and governmental groups have encountered severe differential settlement of building foundations on permafrost, and consequent maintenance problems. Settlement and expansion of communities in the area also have been retarded by the apparent lack of a ready and large source of potable water. The information below is presented to make available data on permafrost and ground-water conditions for the benefit of those undertaking construction projects in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5691","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.R., 1956, Permafrost and ground-water conditions in the Glennallen area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 56-91, Report: 12 p.; 2 Plates: 10.44 x 11.78 inches and 21.99 x 12.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5691.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 2 Plates: 10.44 x 11.78 inches and 21.99 x 12.42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":428545,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0091/Figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":428544,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0091/Figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":428543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1956/0091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7914.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glenallen area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.533,\n 62.0830\n ],\n [\n -145.45,\n 62.0830\n ],\n [\n -145.45,\n 62.167\n ],\n [\n -145.533,\n 62.167\n ],\n [\n -145.533,\n 62.0830\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Donald R.","contributorId":83129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33950,"text":"b1092 - 1956 - Stratigraphy of middle Tertiary rocks in part of west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:19","indexId":"b1092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1092","title":"Stratigraphy of middle Tertiary rocks in part of west-central Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b1092","usgsCitation":"Carr, W.J., and Alverson, D.C., 1956, Stratigraphy of middle Tertiary rocks in part of west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1092, 111 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1092.","productDescription":"111 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109321,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20777.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20777"},{"id":96192,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1092/plate-3.pdf","size":"494","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1092/report.pdf","size":"7453","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96190,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1092/plate-1.pdf","size":"1072","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":96191,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1092/plate-2.pdf","size":"518","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1092/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a642d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Wilfred James","contributorId":12033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alverson, Douglas C.","contributorId":68286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alverson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4182,"text":"cir394 - 1956 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 14, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir394","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"394","title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 14, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir394","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E., 1956, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 14, Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 394, 19 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir394.","productDescription":"19 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0394/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31293,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0394/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f3026","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, E.G.","contributorId":94287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3875,"text":"cir377 - 1956 - Floods of August 1955 in the Northeastern States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:47:08","indexId":"cir377","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"377","title":"Floods of August 1955 in the Northeastern States","docAbstract":"The floods of August 1955 were an unprecedented disaster in a arge area of the northeastern United States. They rank among the most destructive in the country's his ory. Augmented by the antecedent hurricane sto m of August 11-15, the rainfall of August 17-20 accompanying hurricane Diane reached maximum val es of 17 to 19 inches in south-central Massachusett • Record-breaking floods resulted within a broad re ion extending from southeastern Pennsylvania to east rn Massachusetts. The floods were outstanding in four categories: The large geogra hie area covered by floods of such magnitude; the ex ensive damage and loss .of life ranking with the grea est recorded in this country; the degree to which prio records were exceeded; and the distribution which as such that the greatest floods occurred predominate! on the smaller streams. Property damage has been stimated to be about half a billion dollars and was most~y concentrated in the heavily industrialized valleys f New England. A death toll of 179 persons was attr\"buted to the floods. Peak discharges exceeded previ usly established maxima by 2. 2 and 2. 3 times respec ively, on Blackstone River at Woonsocket, R. I. , and Q inebaug River at Putnam, Conn.; 4. 1 times on Nau atuck River near Thomaston, Conn. ; and 4. 5 times on 1 ush Kill at Shoemakers, Pa. A unit runoff of 2, 300 c 1 hie feet per second per square mile occurred from ~· 50 square miles on Powdermill Brook near Westfiel , Mass. Although the floods were generally greate t on the smaller streams, Connecticut River at Hart ord reached the third highest stage since settlement an Delaware River between Port Jervis and Trenton exce ded the previous historic flood of 1903. This adv ce report has been prepared to supply preliminary · formation needed for immediate planning. It has been r leased pending preparation of a more comprehensive r port covering a three-month period of floods within an area from Massachusetts to North Carolina. In luded herein, for the region from Massachuset s to Pennsylvania, are general descriptions of the fEods, peak discharges for the present and previous rec rd floods at gaging stations, peak discharges at m y miscellaneous sites in the areas of greatest floo ing, and detailed stage and discharge data at 51 selecte gaging stations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir377","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1956, Floods of August 1955 in the Northeastern States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 377, iii, 76 p. :maps (1 fold.) diagrs., tables. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir377.","productDescription":"iii, 76 p. :maps (1 fold.) diagrs., tables. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30966,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0377/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30967,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0377/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0377/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5dff7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4180,"text":"cir392 - 1956 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir392","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"392","title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir392","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E., 1956, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 12, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 392, 24 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir392.","productDescription":"24 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0392/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0392/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2fd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, E.G.","contributorId":94287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3929,"text":"cir388 - 1956 - Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 8, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"388","title":"Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 8, Western Gulf of Mexico basins","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir388","usgsCitation":"Gatewood, J.S., 1956, Index of surface-water records to September 30, 1955, part 8, Western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 388, 25 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir388.","productDescription":"25 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0388/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31015,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0388/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2f11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatewood, J. S.","contributorId":100829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatewood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3501,"text":"cir373 - 1956 - Water resources of the Mobile area, Alabama, with a section on salinity of the Mobile River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-07T18:09:23.935231","indexId":"cir373","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"373","title":"Water resources of the Mobile area, Alabama, with a section on salinity of the Mobile River","docAbstract":"Water is an abundant resource of the Mobile area. The Mobile River has an estimated average flow of 60, 000 cubic feet per second (cfs), or about 39,000 million gallons per day (mgd). It is the largest single source of water. Water is available in substantial quantities from the many local streams and extensive water-bearing formations almost anywhere in the area. \r\n\r\nSurface water is low in dissolved mineral matter and is extremely soft. Salt water moving up the Mobile River from Mobile Bay during periods of low river flow, however, limits the use of that stream as a source of supply. \r\n\r\nThe principal water-bearing formations are the alluvium and sediments of Miocene age. The Miocene strata dip toward the southwest, forming an artesian basin in the downtown area of Mobile. Small groundwater supplies can be developed practically everywhere, and supplies for industrial or other large-scale uses are available north of Mobile. \r\n\r\nThe average use of water from all sources in the area during 1954 was about 356 mgd, of which about 20 mgd was used for domestic supplies and 336 mgd was used by industry. An estimated 42 mgd of ground water is used in the Mobile area. The discharge from wells used by industry ranges from 10 to 1,500 gallons per minute (gpm}, and the specific capacity of the large-capacity wells ranges from less than 6 to about 6 3 gpm per foot of drawdown. \r\n\r\nConcentrated pumping in the downtown area of Mobile between 1941 and 1945 resulted in encroachment of salt water from the Mobile River into the alluvium. Because of a decrease in pumping in that vicinity, the sodium chloride content of the water has decreased substantially since 1945. \r\n\r\nThe quality of ground water is variable. Hardness of waters sampled ranged from 1 to 2, 190 parts per million (ppm}, the dissolved solids from 27 to 13, 000 ppm, and the chloride from 2.2 to 6,760 ppm. The water of best quality occurs between McIntosh and Prichard, and the water of poorest quality occurs in the downtown area of Mobile. \r\n\r\nThe water-supply systems presently developed in the metropolitan area could furnish a moderate increase without taxing their facilities; with some increase in plant and pumping facilities, they could support a substantial increase. Industries outside the metropolitan area must develop their own supplies from local streams or wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir373","usgsCitation":"Robinson, W., Powell, W.J., Brown, E., and Corps of Engineers, U.A., 1956, Water resources of the Mobile area, Alabama, with a section on salinity of the Mobile River: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 373, Report: iv, 45 p.; 2 Plates: 13.57 × 16.94 inches and 13.68 × 16.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir373.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 45 p.; 2 Plates: 13.57 × 16.94 inches and 13.68 × 16.88 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30511,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0373/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30513,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0373/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30512,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0373/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403192,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23842.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1956/0373/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Mobile","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 30.680439786468128\n ],\n [\n -87.8961181640625,\n 30.680439786468128\n ],\n [\n -87.8961181640625,\n 31.348945815579977\n ],\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 31.348945815579977\n ],\n [\n -88.4124755859375,\n 30.680439786468128\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f04b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, W.H.","contributorId":91478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, William J.","contributorId":62202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Eugene","contributorId":15187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","contributorId":29406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corps of Engineers","given":"U.S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Army","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":37537,"text":"ssrw31 - 1956 - Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:01","indexId":"ssrw31","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1956, Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955 (Revises and updates Special Scientific Report-Wildlife 28 (1952)): Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 31, 54 p.","productDescription":"54 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101741,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924055486694?urlappend=%3Bseq=323"}],"edition":"Revises and updates Special Scientific Report-Wildlife 28 (1952)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66738e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4179,"text":"cir396 - 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1956 - Geologic map of the Chassell quadrangle, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-11T18:11:33.021428","indexId":"mf43","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Geologic map of the Chassell quadrangle, Michigan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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