{"pageNumber":"693","pageRowStart":"17300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70032568,"text":"70032568 - 2012 - Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: Are resident birds a potential reservoir?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-26T16:46:49.55762","indexId":"70032568","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: Are resident birds a potential reservoir?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although wild waterfowl are the main reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIv), the environment plays a critical role for the circulation and persistence of AIv. LPAIv may persist for extended periods in cold environments, suggesting that waterfowl breeding areas in the northern hemisphere may be an important reservoir for AIv in contrast to the warmer southern wintering areas. We evaluated whether southern wetlands, with relatively small populations (thousands) of resident waterfowl, maintain AIv in the summer, prior to the arrival of millions of migratory birds. We collected water and fecal samples at ten wetlands in two regions (Yolo Bypass and Sacramento Valley) of the California Central Valley during three bi-weekly intervals beginning in late July, 2010. We detected AIv in 29/367 fecal samples (7.9%) and 12/597 water samples (2.0%) by matrix real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). We isolated two H3N8, two H2N3, and one H4N8 among rRT-PCR positive fecal samples but no live virus from water samples. Detection of AIv RNA in fecal samples was higher from wetlands in the Sacramento Valley (11.9%) than in the Yolo Bypass (0.0%), but no difference was found for water samples (2.7 vs. 1.7%, respectively). Our study showed that low densities of hosts and unfavorable environmental conditions did not prevent LPAIv circulation during summer in California wetlands. Our findings justify further investigations to understand AIv dynamics in resident waterfowl populations, compare AIv subtypes between migratory and resident waterfowl, and assess the importance of local AIv as a source of infection for migratory birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031471","usgsCitation":"Henaux, V., Samuel, M., Dusek, R., Fleskes, J., and Ip, H., 2012, Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: Are resident birds a potential reservoir?: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 2, e31471; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031471.","productDescription":"e31471; 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031996","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031471","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Butte County, Colusa County, Glenn County, Yolo 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V.","contributorId":12273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henaux","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":30203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032570,"text":"70032570 - 2012 - Hydrological effects of the increased CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T13:52:54","indexId":"70032570","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological effects of the increased CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT","docAbstract":"Increased atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and climate change may significantly impact the hydrological and meteorological processes of a watershed system. Quantifying and understanding hydrological responses to elevated ambient CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change is, therefore, critical for formulating adaptive strategies for an appropriate management of water resources. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to assess the effects of increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). The standard SWAT model was modified to represent more mechanistic vegetation type specific responses of stomatal conductance reduction and leaf area increase to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> based on physiological studies. For estimating the historical impacts of increased CO<sub>2</sub> in the recent past decades, the incremental (i.e., dynamic) rises of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration at a monthly time-scale were also introduced into the model. Our study results indicated that about 1–4% of the streamflow in the UMRB during 1986 through 2008 could be attributed to the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. In addition to evaluating a range of future climate sensitivity scenarios, the climate projections by four General Circulation Models (GCMs) under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios were used to predict the hydrological effects in the late twenty-first century (2071–2100). Our simulations demonstrated that the water yield would increase in spring and substantially decrease in summer, while soil moisture would rise in spring and decline in summer. Such an uneven distribution of water with higher variability compared to the baseline level (1961–1990) may cause an increased risk of both flooding and drought events in the basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., and Abdul-Aziz, O., 2012, Hydrological effects of the increased CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT: Climatic Change, v. 110, no. 3-4, p. 977-1003, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"1003","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,28.9254 ], [ -104.0577,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,28.9254 ], [ -104.0577,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"110","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36ace4b0c8380cd608e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abdul-Aziz, O. I.","contributorId":91700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abdul-Aziz","given":"O. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032574,"text":"70032574 - 2012 - Regional scale impacts of <i>Tamarix</i> leaf beetles (<i>Diorhabda carinulata</i>) on the water availability of western U.S. rivers as determined by multi-scale remote sensing methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T14:17:42","indexId":"70032574","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional scale impacts of <i>Tamarix</i> leaf beetles (<i>Diorhabda carinulata</i>) on the water availability of western U.S. rivers as determined by multi-scale remote sensing methods","docAbstract":"<i>Tamarix</i> leaf beetles (<i>Diorhabda carinulata</i>) have been widely released on western U.S. rivers to control introduced shrubs in the genus <i>Tamarix</i>. Part of the motivation to control <i>Tamarix</i> is to salvage water for human use. Information is needed on the impact of beetles on <i>Tamarix</i> seasonal leaf production and subsequent water use overwide areas andmultiple cycles of annual defoliation.Herewe combine ground data with high resolution phenocam imagery and moderate resolution (Landsat) and coarser resolution (MODIS) satellite imagery to test the effects of beetles on <i>Tamarix</i> evapotranspiration (ET) and leaf phenology at sites on six western rivers. Satellite imagery covered the period 2000 to 2010 which encompassed years before and after beetle release at each study site. Phenocam images showed that beetles reduced green leaf cover of individual canopies by about 30% during a 6-8 week period in summer, but plants produced new leaves after beetles became dormant in August, and over three years no net reduction in peak summer leaf production was noted. ETwas estimated by vegetation index methods, and both Landsat and MODIS analyses showed that beetles reduced ET markedly in the first year of defoliation, but ET recovered in subsequent years. Over all six sites, ET decreased by 14% to 15% by Landsat and MODIS estimates, respectively. However, resultswere variable among sites, ranging fromno apparent effect on ET to substantial reduction in ET. Baseline ET rates before defoliation were low, 394 mmyr<sup>-1</sup> by Landsat and 314 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> by MODIS estimates (20-25% of potential ET), further constraining the amount of water that could be salvaged. Beetle-<i>Tamarix</i> interactions are in their early stage of development on this continent and it is too soon to predict the eventual extent towhich <i>Tamarix</i> populationswill be reduced. The utility of remote sensing methods for monitoring defoliation was constrained by the small area covered by each phenocamimage, the low temporal resolution of Landsat, and the lowspatial resolution ofMODIS imagery. Even combined image sets did not adequately reveal the details of the defoliation process, and remote sensing data should be combined with ground observations to develop operational monitoring protocols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.011","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Brown, T., Hultine, K.R., van Riper, C., Bean, D., Dennison, P.E., Murray, R.S., and Glenn, E.P., 2012, Regional scale impacts of <i>Tamarix</i> leaf beetles (<i>Diorhabda carinulata</i>) on the water availability of western U.S. rivers as determined by multi-scale remote sensing methods: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 118, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.011.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Nevada;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Big Horn River;Humbolt River;Lower Delores River;Middle-upper Delores River;Upper Colorado River;Walker River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0800,37.0000 ], [ -120.0800,45.0000 ], [ -106.3000,45.0000 ], [ -106.3000,37.0000 ], [ -120.0800,37.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788eb2e4b0cfc2d59f5b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Tim","contributorId":17841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Tim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin R. 0000-0001-9747-6037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9747-6037","contributorId":23772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bean, Daniel W.","contributorId":11016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Daniel W.","affiliations":[{"id":16124,"text":"Colorado Department of Agriculture, Biological Pest Control","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dennison, Philip E.","contributorId":105132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennison","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray, R. Scott","contributorId":64468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032429,"text":"70032429 - 2012 - Isotopically modified nanoparticles for enhanced detection in bioaccumulation studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T12:54:27.761732","indexId":"70032429","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopically modified nanoparticles for enhanced detection in bioaccumulation studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>This work presents results on synthesis of isotopically enriched (99%&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup><span>Cu) copper oxide nanoparticles and its application in ecotoxicological studies.&nbsp;</span><sup>65</sup><span>CuO nanoparticles were synthesized as spheres (7 nm) and rods (7 × 40 nm). Significant differences were observed between the reactivity and dissolution of spherical and rod shaped nanoparticles. The extreme sensitivity of the stable isotope tracing technique developed in this study allowed determining Cu uptake at exposure concentrations equivalent to background Cu concentrations in freshwater systems (0.2–30 μg/L). Without a tracer, detection of newly accumulated Cu was impossible, even at exposure concentrations surpassing some of the most contaminated water systems (&gt;1 mg/L).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2039757","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Misra, S., Dybowska, A., Berhanu, D., Croteau, M.N., Luoma, S.N., Boccaccini, A., and Valsami-Jones, E., 2012, Isotopically modified nanoparticles for enhanced detection in bioaccumulation studies: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 1216-1222, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2039757.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1216","endPage":"1222","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fc2e4b0c8380cd647c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misra, S.K.","contributorId":47989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misra","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dybowska, A.","contributorId":47171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dybowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berhanu, D.","contributorId":86177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berhanu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boccaccini, A.R.","contributorId":59637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boccaccini","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Valsami-Jones, E.","contributorId":103088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valsami-Jones","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032436,"text":"70032436 - 2012 - The use of multiobjective calibration and regional sensitivity analysis in simulating hyporheic exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T15:03:58","indexId":"70032436","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of multiobjective calibration and regional sensitivity analysis in simulating hyporheic exchange","docAbstract":"We describe an approach for calibrating a two-dimensional (2-D) flow model of hyporheic exchange using observations of temperature and pressure to estimate hydraulic and thermal properties. A longitudinal 2-D heat and flow model was constructed for a riffle-pool sequence to simulate flow paths and flux rates for variable discharge conditions. A uniform random sampling approach was used to examine the solution space and identify optimal values at local and regional scales. We used a regional sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of parameter correlation and nonuniqueness commonly encountered in multidimensional modeling. The results from this study demonstrate the ability to estimate hydraulic and thermal parameters using measurements of temperature and pressure to simulate exchange and flow paths. Examination of the local parameter space provides the potential for refinement of zones that are used to represent sediment heterogeneity within the model. The results indicate vertical hydraulic conductivity was not identifiable solely using pressure observations; however, a distinct minimum was identified using temperature observations. The measured temperature and pressure and estimated vertical hydraulic conductivity values indicate the presence of a discontinuous low-permeability deposit that limits the vertical penetration of seepage beneath the riffle, whereas there is a much greater exchange where the low-permeability deposit is absent. Using both temperature and pressure to constrain the parameter estimation process provides the lowest overall root-mean-square error as compared to using solely temperature or pressure observations. This study demonstrates the benefits of combining continuous temperature and pressure for simulating hyporheic exchange and flow in a riffle-pool sequence. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011179","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Naranjo, R.C., Niswonger, R., Stone, M., Davis, C., and McKay, A., 2012, The use of multiobjective calibration and regional sensitivity analysis in simulating hyporheic exchange: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. W01538, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011179.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474681,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011179","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214064,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011179"},{"id":241751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Little Nixon","otherGeospatial":"Truckee River;Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.54406,39.738458 ], [ -119.54406,39.917556 ], [ -119.237622,39.917556 ], [ -119.237622,39.738458 ], [ -119.54406,39.738458 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"W01538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb191e4b08c986b325342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naranjo, Ramon C. 0000-0003-4469-6831 rnaranjo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-6831","contributorId":3391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naranjo","given":"Ramon","email":"rnaranjo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Mark","contributorId":34335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Clinton","contributorId":30835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Clinton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKay, Alan","contributorId":94870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032437,"text":"70032437 - 2012 - Intra- and inter-annual trends in phosphorus loads and comparison with nitrogen loads to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T19:07:43.93667","indexId":"70032437","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intra- and inter-annual trends in phosphorus loads and comparison with nitrogen loads to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monthly phosphorus loads from uplands,&nbsp;atmospheric deposition, and&nbsp;wastewater&nbsp;to Rehoboth Bay (Delaware) were determined from October 1998 to April 2002 to evaluate the relative importance of these three sources of P to the Bay. Loads from a representative&nbsp;</span>subwatershed<span>&nbsp;were determined and used in an areal extrapolation to estimate the upland load from the entire watershed. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic P (DOP) are the predominant forms of P in baseflow and P loads from the watershed are highest during the summer months. Particulate phosphorus (PP) becomes more significant in stormflow and during periods with more frequent or larger storms. Atmospheric deposition of P is only a minor source of P to Rehoboth Bay. During the period of 1998–2002, wastewater was the dominant external source of P to Rehoboth Bay, often exceeding all other P sources combined. Since 2002, however, due to technical improvements to the sole wastewater plant discharging directly to the Bay, the wastewater contribution of P has been significantly reduced and upland waters are now the principal source of P on an annualized basis. Based on comparison of N and P loads, primary productivity and&nbsp;biomass&nbsp;carrying capacity in Rehoboth Bay should be limited by P availability. However, due to the contrasting spatial and temporal patterns of N and P loading and perhaps internal cycling within the ecosystem,&nbsp;spatial and temporal variations&nbsp;in N and P-limitation within Rehoboth Bay are likely.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.023","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Volk, J., Scudlark, J., Savidge, K., Andres, A., Stenger, R., and Ullman, W., 2012, Intra- and inter-annual trends in phosphorus loads and comparison with nitrogen loads to Rehoboth Bay, Delaware (USA): Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 96, no. 1, p. 139-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.023.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Rehoboth Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              38.50519140240356\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99542236328125,\n              38.50519140240356\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.99542236328125,\n              38.89744587262311\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              38.89744587262311\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              38.50519140240356\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3db8e4b0c8380cd637a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Volk, J.A.","contributorId":20497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volk","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scudlark, J.R.","contributorId":86952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudlark","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, K.B.","contributorId":95254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savidge","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andres, A.S.","contributorId":84557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stenger, R.J.","contributorId":7513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenger","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ullman, W.J.","contributorId":28796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullman","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032583,"text":"70032583 - 2012 - Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:46:06","indexId":"70032583","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470&ndash;1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470&ndash;1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4&ndash;6&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4&ndash;6&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Rose, T.R., Fiske, R.S., and McGeehin, J., 2012, Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 215-216, p. 8-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009"},{"id":241350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.439399401246273\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.17913818359375,\n              19.439399401246273\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.17913818359375,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.321511226817176\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"215-216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a406be4b0c8380cd64d4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":3137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032584,"text":"70032584 - 2012 - Foraging segregation and genetic divergence between geographically proximate colonies of a highly mobile seabird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T20:05:34.775007","indexId":"70032584","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging segregation and genetic divergence between geographically proximate colonies of a highly mobile seabird","docAbstract":"<p><span>Foraging segregation may play an important role in the maintenance of animal diversity, and is a proposed mechanism for promoting genetic divergence within seabird species. However, little information exists regarding its presence among seabird populations. We investigated genetic and foraging divergence between two colonies of endangered Hawaiian petrels (</span><i>Pterodroma sandwichensis</i><span>) nesting on the islands of Hawaii and Kauai using the mitochondrial&nbsp;</span><i>Cytochrome b</i><span>&nbsp;gene and carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotope values (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C, δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and δD, respectively) of feathers. Genetic analyses revealed strong differentiation between colonies on Hawaii and Kauai, with Φ</span><sub>ST</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.50 (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.0001). Coalescent-based analyses gave estimates of &lt;1 migration event per 1,000 generations. Hatch-year birds from Kauai had significantly lower δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values than those from Hawaii. This is consistent with Kauai birds provisioning chicks with prey derived from near or north of the Hawaiian Islands, and Hawaii birds provisioning young with prey from regions of the equatorial Pacific characterized by elevated δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values at the food web base. δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of Kauai and Hawaii adults differed significantly, indicating additional foraging segregation during molt. Feather δD varied from −69 to 53‰. This variation cannot be related solely to an isotopically homogeneous ocean water source or evaporative water loss. Instead, we propose the involvement of salt gland excretion. Our data demonstrate the presence of foraging segregation between proximately nesting seabird populations, despite high species mobility. This ecological diversity may facilitate population coexistence, and its preservation should be a focus of conservation strategies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer- Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00442-011-2085-y","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Wiley, A.E., Welch, A., Ostrom, P., James, H.F., Stricker, C.A., Fleischer, R., Gandhi, H., Adams, J., Ainley, D., Duvall, F., Holmes, N., Hu, D., Judge, S., Penniman, J., and Swindle, K., 2012, Foraging segregation and genetic divergence between geographically proximate colonies of a highly mobile seabird: Oecologia, v. 168, no. 1, p. 119-130, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2085-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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,{"id":70032438,"text":"70032438 - 2012 - Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T15:22:53","indexId":"70032438","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1035,"text":"Biomass and Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin","docAbstract":"Corn stover as well as perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus are being considered as candidates for the second generation biofuel feedstocks. However, the challenges to biofuel development are its effects on the environment, especially water quality. This study evaluates the long-term impacts of biofuel production alternatives (e.g., elevated corn stover removal rates and the potential land cover change) on an ecosystem with a focus on biomass production, soil erosion, water quantity and quality, and soil nitrate nitrogen concentration at the watershed scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified for setting land cover change scenarios and applied to the Iowa River Basin (a tributary of the Upper Mississippi River Basin). Results show that biomass production can be sustained with an increased stover removal rate as long as the crop demand for nutrients is met with appropriate fertilization. Although a drastic increase (4.7–70.6%) in sediment yield due to erosion and a slight decrease (1.2–3.2%) in water yield were estimated with the stover removal rate ranging between 40% and 100%, the nitrate nitrogen load declined about 6–10.1%. In comparison to growing corn, growing either switchgrass or miscanthus can reduce sediment erosion greatly. However, land cover changes from native grass to switchgrass or miscanthus would lead to a decrease in water yield and an increase in nitrate nitrogen load. In contrast to growing switchgrass, growing miscanthus is more productive in generating biomass, but its higher water demand may reduce water availability in the study area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomass and Bioenergy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030","issn":"09619534","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2012, Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 36, p. 182-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030"},{"id":241244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.65,41.15 ], [ -93.65,43.966667 ], [ 91.016667,43.966667 ], [ 91.016667,41.15 ], [ -93.65,41.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032345,"text":"70032345 - 2012 - Automating calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of complex models using the R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME): SWAT as an example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T23:51:25","indexId":"70032345","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automating calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of complex models using the R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME): SWAT as an example","docAbstract":"Parameter optimization and uncertainty issues are a great challenge for the application of large environmental models like the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a physically-based hydrological model for simulating water and nutrient cycles at the watershed scale. In this study, we present a comprehensive modeling environment for SWAT, including automated calibration, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis capabilities through integration with the R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME). To address challenges (e.g., calling the model in R and transferring variables between Fortran and R) in developing such a two-language coupling framework, 1) we converted the Fortran-based SWAT model to an R function (R-SWAT) using the RFortran platform, and alternatively 2) we compiled SWAT as a Dynamic Link Library (DLL). We then wrapped SWAT (via R-SWAT) with FME to perform complex applications including parameter identifiability, inverse modeling, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the R environment. The final R-SWAT-FME framework has the following key functionalities: automatic initialization of R, running Fortran-based SWAT and R commands in parallel, transferring parameters and model output between SWAT and R, and inverse modeling with visualization. To examine this framework and demonstrate how it works, a case study simulating streamflow in the Cedar River Basin in Iowa in the United Sates was used, and we compared it with the built-in auto-calibration tool of SWAT in parameter optimization. Results indicate that both methods performed well and similarly in searching a set of optimal parameters. Nonetheless, the R-SWAT-FME is more attractive due to its instant visualization, and potential to take advantage of other R packages (e.g., inverse modeling and statistical graphics). The methods presented in the paper are readily adaptable to other model applications that require capability for automated calibration, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.013","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2012, Automating calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of complex models using the R package Flexible Modeling Environment (FME): SWAT as an example: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 31, p. 99-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"109","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214669,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.013"},{"id":242415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eefbe4b0c8380cd4a0a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032312,"text":"70032312 - 2012 - Interlaboratory comparison of real-time pcr protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T16:57:30.859254","indexId":"70032312","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interlaboratory comparison of real-time pcr protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria","docAbstract":"<p>The application of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technologies for the rapid identification of fecal bacteria in environmental waters is being considered for use as a national water quality metric in the United States. The transition from research tool to a standardized protocol requires information on the reproducibility and sources of variation associated with qPCR methodology across laboratories. This study examines interlaboratory variability in the measurement of enterococci and Bacteroidales concentrations from standardized, spiked, and environmental sources of DNA using the Entero1a and GenBac3 qPCR methods, respectively. Comparisons are based on data generated from eight different research facilities. Special attention was placed on the influence of the DNA isolation step and effect of simplex and multiplex amplification approaches on interlaboratory variability. Results suggest that a crude lysate is sufficient for DNA isolation unless environmental samples contain substances that can inhibit qPCR amplification. No appreciable difference was observed between simplex and multiplex amplification approaches. Overall, interlaboratory variability levels remained low (&lt;10% coefficient of variation) regardless of qPCR protocol.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2031455","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Shanks, O., Sivaganesan, M., Peed, L., Kelty, C., Blackwood, A., Greene, M., Noble, R., Bushon, R.N., Stelzer, E.A., Kinzelman, J., Anan'Eva, T., Sinigalliano, C., Wanless, D., Griffith, J., Cao, Y., Weisberg, S., Harwood, V., Staley, C., Oshima, K., Varma, M., and Haugland, R., 2012, Interlaboratory comparison of real-time pcr protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 945-953, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031455.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"953","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science 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L.","contributorId":82192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peed","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelty, C.A.","contributorId":40091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelty","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackwood, A.D.","contributorId":43237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, M.R.","contributorId":96723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Noble, 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,{"id":70032600,"text":"70032600 - 2012 - Tidally driven export of dissolved organic carbon, total mercury, and methylmercury from a mangrove-dominated estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T18:56:13.033445","indexId":"70032600","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidally driven export of dissolved organic carbon, total mercury, and methylmercury from a mangrove-dominated estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>The flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from mangrove swamps accounts for 10% of the global terrestrial flux of DOC to coastal oceans. Recent findings of high concentrations of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangroves, in conjunction with the common co-occurrence of DOC and Hg species, have raised concerns that mercury fluxes may also be large. We used a novel approach to estimate export of DOC, Hg, and MeHg to coastal waters from a mangrove-dominated estuary in Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). Using in situ measurements of fluorescent dissolved organic matter as a proxy for DOC, filtered total Hg, and filtered MeHg, we estimated the DOC yield to be 180 (±12.6) g C m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>–1</sup><span>, which is in the range of previously reported values. Although Hg and MeHg yields from tidal mangrove swamps have not been previously measured, our estimated yields of Hg species (28 ± 4.5 μg total Hg m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;and 3.1 ± 0.4 μg methyl Hg m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) were five times greater than is typically reported for terrestrial wetlands. These results indicate that in addition to the well documented contributions of DOC, tidally driven export from mangroves represents a significant potential source of Hg and MeHg to nearby coastal waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2029137","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B.A., Krabbenhoft, D., Aiken, G., Patino, E., Rumbold, D., and Orem, W.H., 2012, Tidally driven export of dissolved organic carbon, total mercury, and methylmercury from a mangrove-dominated estuary: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 1371-1378, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2029137.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1371","endPage":"1378","ipdsId":"IP-031885","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474680,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es2029137","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213949,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2029137"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gunboat Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              24.9113494218506\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4473876953125,\n              24.9113494218506\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4473876953125,\n              26.00248714194576\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              26.00248714194576\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              24.9113494218506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb381e4b08c986b325e1c","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/es2029137","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2029137","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Bergamaschi Brian A., Krabbenhoft David P., Aiken George R., Patino Eduardo, Rumbold Darren G., Orem William H.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"2/7/2012","auditedOn":"3/4/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"1/19/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":436998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Eduardo 0000-0003-1016-3658 epatino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-3658","contributorId":1743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Eduardo","email":"epatino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rumbold, D.G.","contributorId":76091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumbold","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orem, William H. 0000-0003-4990-0539 borem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"borem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70035492,"text":"70035492 - 2012 - An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T16:39:21.889556","indexId":"70035492","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate topographic data are critical to restoration science and planning for the Everglades region of South Florida, USA. They are needed to monitor and simulate water level, water depth and hydroperiod and are used in scientific research on hydrologic and biologic processes. Because large wetland environments and data acquisition challenge conventional ground-based and remotely sensed data collection methods, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) adapted a classical data collection instrument to global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. Data acquired with this instrument were processed using geostatistics to yield sub-water level elevation values with centimetre accuracy (±15 cm). The developed database framework, modelling philosophy and metadata protocol allow for continued, collaborative model revision and expansion, given additional elevation or other ancillary data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.533212","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., Desmond, G., Henkle, C., and Glover, R., 2012, An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 33, no. 2, p. 450-465, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.533212.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.533212"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.22216796875,\n              25.145284610685064\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              25.898761936567023\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9365234375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0ce4b0c8380cd485db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desmond, G.B.","contributorId":35014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desmond","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henkle, C.","contributorId":91319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkle","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glover, R.","contributorId":103106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032317,"text":"70032317 - 2012 - A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T13:17:58.66328","indexId":"70032317","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id16\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id17\"><p id=\"sp005\">A new method is presented for calculating the electrical conductivity of natural waters that is accurate over a large range of effective ionic strength (0.0004–0.7&nbsp;mol&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup>), temperature (0–95&nbsp;°C), pH (1–10), and conductivity (30–70,000&nbsp;μS&nbsp;cm<sup>−1</sup>). The method incorporates a reliable set of equations to calculate the ionic molal conductivities of cations and anions (H<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>, <span>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></span>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, Br<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>,<span> HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>,<span> CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></span>,<span> NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>, and OH<sup>−</sup>), environmentally important trace metals (Al<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>), and ion pairs (HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>,<span> NaSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>,<span> NaCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>). These equations are based on new electrical conductivity measurements for electrolytes found in a wide range of natural waters. In addition, the method is coupled to a geochemical speciation model that is used to calculate the speciated concentrations required for accurate conductivity calculations. The method was thoroughly tested by calculating the conductivities of 1593 natural water samples and the mean difference between the calculated and measured conductivities was −0.7&nbsp;±&nbsp;5%. Many of the samples tested were selected to determine the limits of the method and include acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, dilute mountain waters, and river water impacted by municipal waste water. Transport numbers were calculated and H<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>,<span> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>,<span> SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>,<span> HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>,<span> CP<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-13-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>, F<sup>−</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>,<span> NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-14-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-15-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\"></span>substantially contributed (&gt;10%) to the conductivity of at least one of the samples. Conductivity imbalance in conjunction with charge imbalance can be used to identify whether a cation or an anion measurement is likely in error, thereby providing an additional quality assurance/quality control constraint on water analyses.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.031","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Ryan, J.N., and Ball, J.W., 2012, A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, p. 369-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.031.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"382","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a9e4b0c8380cd46802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":523087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":118347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, J. W.","contributorId":119400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032353,"text":"70032353 - 2012 - Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T18:30:20.286568","indexId":"70032353","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal vegetation of South Florida typically comprises salinity-tolerant mangroves bordering salinity-intolerant hardwood hammocks and fresh water marshes. Two primary ecological factors appear to influence the maintenance of mangrove/hammock ecotones against changes that might occur due to disturbances. One of these is a gradient in one or more environmental factors. The other is the action of positive feedback mechanisms, in which each vegetation community influences its local environment to favor itself, reinforcing the boundary between communities. The relative contributions of these two factors, however, can be hard to discern. A spatially explicit individual-based model of vegetation, coupled with a model of soil hydrology and salinity dynamics is presented here to simulate mangrove/hammock ecotones in the coastal margin habitats of South Florida. The model simulation results indicate that an environmental gradient of salinity, caused by tidal flux, is the key factor separating vegetation communities, while positive feedback involving the different interaction of each vegetation type with the vadose zone salinity increases the sharpness of boundaries, and maintains the ecological resilience of mangrove/hammock ecotones against small disturbances. Investigation of effects of precipitation on positive feedback indicates that the dry season, with its low precipitation, is the period of strongest positive feedback.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D.L., Smith, T.J., Teh, S., and Koh, H.L., 2012, Spatial pattern formation of coastal vegetation in response to external gradients and positive feedbacks affecting soil porewater salinity: A model study: Landscape Ecology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213811,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9689-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"South Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.55126953124999,\n              24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              24.986058021167594\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47509765625,\n              26.96124577052697\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.55126953124999,\n              26.96124577052697\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.55126953124999,\n              24.986058021167594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9491e4b08c986b31ab80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, J.","contributorId":35439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T. J. III","contributorId":24303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teh, S.Y.","contributorId":22969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teh","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koh, H. L.","contributorId":44362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koh","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032360,"text":"70032360 - 2012 - Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T18:21:27.250191","indexId":"70032360","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model","docAbstract":"<p><span>This work studies costs and benefits of utilizing local‐grid refinement (LGR) as implemented in MODFLOW‐LGR to simulate groundwater flow in a buried tunnel valley interacting with a regional aquifer. Two alternative LGR methods were used: the shared‐node (SN) method and the ghost‐node (GN) method. To conserve flows the SN method requires correction of sources and sinks in cells at the refined/coarse‐grid interface. We found that the optimal correction method is case dependent and difficult to identify in practice. However, the results showed little difference and suggest that identifying the optimal method was of minor importance in our case. The GN method does not require corrections at the models' interface, and it uses a simpler head interpolation scheme than the SN method. The simpler scheme is faster but less accurate so that more iterations may be necessary. However, the GN method solved our flow problem more efficiently than the SN method. The MODFLOW‐LGR results were compared with the results obtained using a globally coarse (GC) grid. The LGR simulations required one to two orders of magnitude longer run times than the GC model. However, the improvements of the numerical resolution around the buried valley substantially increased the accuracy of simulated heads and flows compared with the GC simulation. Accuracy further increased locally around the valley flanks when improving the geological resolution using the refined grid. Finally, comparing MODFLOW‐LGR simulation with a globally refined (GR) grid showed that the refinement proportion of the model should not exceed 10% to 15% in order to secure method efficiency.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Vilhelmsen, T., Christensen, S., and Mehl, S.W., 2012, Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 1, p. 118-132, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"132","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c18e4b0c8380cd52a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vilhelmsen, T.N.","contributorId":54024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilhelmsen","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035490,"text":"70035490 - 2012 - Modifications to the conduit flow process mode 2 for MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T12:35:59.930906","indexId":"70035490","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modifications to the conduit flow process mode 2 for MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"<p><span>As a result of rock dissolution processes, karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features such as caves and conduits. Within these structures, groundwater flow can become turbulent and therefore be described by nonlinear gradient functions. Some numerical groundwater flow models explicitly account for pipe hydraulics by coupling the continuum model with a pipe network that represents the conduit system. In contrast, the Conduit Flow Process Mode 2 (CFPM2) for MODFLOW‐2005 approximates turbulent flow by reducing the hydraulic conductivity within the existing linear head gradient of the MODFLOW continuum model. This approach reduces the practical as well as numerical efforts for simulating turbulence. The original formulation was for large pore aquifers where the onset of turbulence is at low Reynolds numbers (1 to 100) and not for conduits or pipes. In addition, the existing code requires multiple time steps for convergence due to iterative adjustment of the hydraulic conductivity. Modifications to the existing CFPM2 were made by implementing a generalized power function with a user‐defined exponent. This allows for matching turbulence in porous media or pipes and eliminates the time steps required for iterative adjustment of hydraulic conductivity. The modified CFPM2 successfully replicated simple benchmark test problems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00805.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Reimann, T., Birk, S., Rehrl, C., and Shoemaker, W., 2012, Modifications to the conduit flow process mode 2 for MODFLOW-2005: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 1, p. 144-148, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00805.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cbbe4b0c8380cd6fee4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimann, Thomas","contributorId":45536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birk, S.","contributorId":41182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rehrl, C.","contributorId":33938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehrl","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shoemaker, W. Barclay","contributorId":215321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"W. Barclay","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032636,"text":"70032636 - 2012 - Photodissolution of soil organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T18:25:48.824762","indexId":"70032636","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photodissolution of soil organic matter","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sunlight has been shown to enhance loss of organic matter from aquatic sediments and terrestrial plant litter, so we tested for similar reactions in mineral soil horizons. Losses of up to a third of particulate organic carbon occurred after continuous exposure to full-strength sunlight for dozens of hours, with similar amounts appearing as photodissolved organic carbon. Nitrogen dissolved similarly, appearing partly as ammonium. Modified experiments with interruption of irradiation to include extended dark incubation periods increased loss of total organic carbon, implying remineralization by some combination of light and microbes. These photodissolution reactions respond strongly to water content, with reaction extent under air-dry to fully wet conditions increasing by a factor of 3–4 fold. Light limitation was explored using lamp intensity and soil depth experiments. Reaction extent varied linearly with lamp intensity. Depth experiments indicate that attenuation of reaction occurs within the top tens to hundreds of micrometers of soil depth. Our data allow only order-of-magnitude extrapolations to field conditions, but suggest that this type of reaction could induce loss of 10–20% of soil organic carbon in the top 10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>cm horizon over a century. It may therefore have contributed to historical losses of soil carbon via agriculture, and should be considered in soil management on similar time scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.030","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Mayer, L., Thornton, K., Schick, L., Jastrow, J., and Harden, J.W., 2012, Photodissolution of soil organic matter: Geoderma, v. 170, p. 314-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.030.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"321","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.030"}],"volume":"170","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78c7e4b0c8380cd7879f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayer, L.M.","contributorId":56455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thornton, K.R.","contributorId":60030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornton","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schick, L.L.","contributorId":64040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schick","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jastrow, J.D.","contributorId":89730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jastrow","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032630,"text":"70032630 - 2012 - Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T10:22:30","indexId":"70032630","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests","docAbstract":"The timing of spring leaf development, trajectories of summer leaf area, and the timing of autumn senescence have profound impacts to the water, carbon, and energy balance of ecosystems, and are likely influenced by global climate change. Limited field-based and remote-sensing observations have suggested complex spatial patterns related to geographic features that influence climate. However, much of this variability occurs at spatial scales that inhibit a detailed understanding of even the dominant drivers. Recognizing these limitations, we used nonlinear inverse modeling of medium-resolution remote sensing data, organized by day of year, to explore the influence of climate-related landscape factors on the timing of spring and autumn leaf-area trajectories in mid-Atlantic, USA forests. We also examined the extent to which declining summer greenness (greendown) degrades the precision and accuracy of observations of autumn offset of greenness. Of the dominant drivers of landscape phenology, elevation was the strongest, explaining up to 70% of the spatial variation in the onset of greenness. Urban land cover was second in importance, influencing spring onset and autumn offset to a distance of 32 km from large cities. Distance to tidal water also influenced phenological timing, but only within ~5 km of shorelines. Additionally, we observed that (i) growing season length unexpectedly increases with increasing elevation at elevations below 275 m; (ii) along gradients in urban land cover, timing of autumn offset has a stronger effect on growing season length than does timing of spring onset; and (iii) summer greendown introduces bias and uncertainty into observations of the autumn offset of greenness. These results demonstrate the power of medium grain analyses of landscape-scale phenology for understanding environmental controls on growing season length, and predicting how these might be affected by climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Elmore, A., Guinn, S., Minsley, B., and Richardson, A., 2012, Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 656-674, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"674","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4408e4b0c8380cd667c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elmore, A.J.","contributorId":103095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guinn, S.M.","contributorId":35552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinn","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032662,"text":"70032662 - 2012 - Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-04T06:30:59","indexId":"70032662","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream","docAbstract":"<p>To investigate the effects of nitrate enrichment, phosphate enrichment, and light availability on benthic algae, nutrient-diffusing clay flowerpots were colonized with algae at two sites in a Hawaiian stream during spring and autumn 2002 using a randomized factorial design. The algal assemblage that developed under the experimental conditions was investigated by determining biomass (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a concentrations) and composition of the diatom assemblage. In situ pulse amplitude-modulated fluorometry was also used to model photosynthetic rate of the algal assemblage. Algal biomass and maximum photosynthetic rate were significantly higher at the unshaded site than at the shaded site. These parameters were higher at the unshaded site with either nitrate, or to a lesser degree, nitrate plus phosphate enrichment. Analysis of similarity of diatom assemblages showed significant differences between shaded and unshaded sites, as well as between spring and autumn experiments, but not between nutrient treatments. However, several individual species of diatoms responded significantly to nitrate enrichment. These results demonstrate that light availability (shaded vs. unshaded) is the primary limiting factor to algal growth in this stream, with nitrogen as a secondary limiting factor.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0947-2","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Stephens, S., Brasher, A., and Smith, C., 2012, Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream: Hydrobiologia, v. 683, no. 1, p. 135-150, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0947-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/3349","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu, Waihee Stream","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              21.417276156993662\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.77740478515625,\n              21.417276156993662\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.77740478515625,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              21.417276156993662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"683","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa2fe4b0c8380cd861bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, S.H.","contributorId":57276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, C.M.","contributorId":93670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032379,"text":"70032379 - 2012 - Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T14:25:41","indexId":"70032379","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon","docAbstract":"Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was &gt;1360t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11-0.82ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R<sup>2</sup>=0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from &lt;0.02 to 0.22ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M.E., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Thoms, B., 2012, Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 1, p. 106-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019.","startPage":"106","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.694382,43.049322 ], [ -123.694382,43.748281 ], [ -122.995377,43.748281 ], [ -122.995377,43.049322 ], [ -123.694382,43.049322 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5619e4b0c8380cd6d354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, Mark E.","contributorId":43180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thoms, Bryn","contributorId":95278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"Bryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032468,"text":"70032468 - 2012 - Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T12:51:10.868614","indexId":"70032468","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies of metal sulfide oxidation in acid mine drainage (AMD) systems have primarily focused on pyrite oxidation, although acid soluble sulfides (e.g., ZnS) are predominantly responsible for the release of toxic metals. We conducted a series of biological and abiotic laboratory oxidation experiments with pure and Fe-bearing sphalerite (ZnS &amp; Zn</span><sub>0.88</sub><span>Fe</span><sub>0.12</sub><span>S), respectively, in order to better understand the effects of sulfide mineralogy and associated biogeochemical controls of oxidation on the resultant δ</span><sup>34</sup><span>S and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of the sulfate produced. The minerals were incubated in the presence and absence of&nbsp;</span><i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i><span>&nbsp;at an initial solution pH of 3 and with water of varying δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values to determine the relative contributions of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O-derived and O</span><sub>2</sub><span>-derived oxygen in the newly formed sulfate. . Experiments were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and Fe(III)</span><sub>aq</sub><span>&nbsp;as the oxidants, respectively. Aerobic incubations with&nbsp;</span><i>A. ferrooxidans</i><span>, and S</span><sup>o</sup><span>&nbsp;as the sole energy source were also conducted. The&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B4;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>34</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>S</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ34SSO4</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values from both the biological and abiotic oxidation of ZnS and ZnS</span><sub>Fe</sub><span>&nbsp;by Fe(III)</span><sub>aq</sub><span>&nbsp;produced sulfur isotope fractionations (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>34</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>S</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>ZnS</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε34SSO4-ZnS</span></span></span><span>) of up to −2.6‰, suggesting the accumulation of sulfur intermediates during incomplete oxidation of the sulfide. No significant sulfur isotope fractionation was observed from any of the aerobic experiments. Negative sulfur isotope enrichment factors (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>34</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>S</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>ZnS</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε34SSO4-ZnS</span></span></span><span>) in AMD systems could reflect anaerobic, rather than aerobic pathways of oxidation. During the biological and abiotic oxidation of ZnS and ZnS</span><sub>Fe</sub><span>&nbsp;by Fe(III)</span><sub>aq</sub><span>&nbsp;all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water, with measured&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>H</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε18OSO4-H2O</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values of 8.2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.2‰ and 7.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.1‰, respectively. Also, during the aerobic oxidation of ZnS</span><sub>Fe</sub><span>&nbsp;and S</span><sup>o</sup><span>&nbsp;by&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>ferrooxidans</i><span>, all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water with similar measured&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>H</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε18OSO4-H2O</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values of 8.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.1‰ and 8.3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.3‰, respectively. During biological oxidation of ZnS by O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, an estimated 8% of sulfate–oxygen was derived from O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, which is enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O relative to water, thus resulting in a larger apparent&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>H</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε18OSO4-H2O</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;value of 9.5‰. Based on the data presented we hypothesize that the similar&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>H</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε18OSO4-H2O</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values of ∼8‰ from all of the aerobic and anaerobic experiments result from a common rate-limiting step that involves oxygen isotopic exchange between a sulfite (</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msubsup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>3</mn></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SO3-</span></span></span><span>) intermediate and H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O. Our results indicate that the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B4;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ18OSO4</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values cannot be used to distinguish biological and abiotic, nor aerobic versus anaerobic, pathways of sphalerite oxidation. However, the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>H</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε18OSO4-H2O</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values of ∼8‰ measured here are distinctly higher than&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B5;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>-</mo><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>H</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ε18OSO4-H2O</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values of ∼4‰ previously reported for pyrite oxidation indicating the influence of sulfide mineralogy on measured&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot; is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#x3B4;</mi><msup is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot; /><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>18</mn></mrow></msup><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>O</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><msub is=&quot;true&quot;><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mtext is=&quot;true&quot;>SO</mtext></mrow><mrow is=&quot;true&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ18OSO4</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balci, N., Mayer, B., Shanks, W.C., and Mandernack, K., 2012, Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, p. 335-351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7286e4b0c8380cd76b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balci, N.","contributorId":15005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balci","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, B.","contributorId":84538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, W. C. Pat III 0000-0001-5336-3954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-3954","contributorId":240915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C. Pat","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032470,"text":"70032470 - 2012 - Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:00:34","indexId":"70032470","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin","docAbstract":"We sampled fumaroles and hot springs from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin (HLGB), measured water and gas discharge, and estimated heat and mass flux from this geothermal area in 2009. The combined data set reveals that diverse fluids share an origin by mixing of deep solute-rich parent water with dilute heated meteoric water, accompanied by subsequent boiling. A variety of chemical and isotopic geothermometers are consistent with a parent water that equilibrates with rocks at 205°C ± 10°C and then undergoes 21% ± 2% adiabatic boiling. Measured diffuse CO<sub>2</sub> flux and fumarole compositions are consistent with an initial dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of 21 ± 7 mmol upon arrival at the caldera boundary and prior to southeast flow, boiling, and discharge along the Witch Creek drainage. The calculated advective flow from the basin is 78 ± 16 L s<sup>−1</sup> of parent thermal water, corresponding to 68 ± 14 MW, or &ndash;1% of the estimated thermal flux from Yellowstone. Helium and carbon isotopes reveal minor addition of locally derived crustal, biogenic, and meteoric gases as this fluid boils and degasses, reducing the He isotope ratio (Rc/Ra) from 2.91 to 1.09. The HLGB is one of the few thermal areas at Yellowstone that approaches a closed system, where a series of progressively boiled waters can be sampled along with related steam and noncondensable gas. At other Yellowstone locations, steam and gas are found without associated neutral Cl waters (e.g., Hot Spring Basin) or Cl-rich waters emerge without significant associated steam and gas (Upper Geyser Basin).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GC003835","issn":"15252027","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., and Hurwitz, S., 2012, Generation and evolution of hydrothermal fluids at Yellowstone: Insights from the Heart Lake Geyser Basin: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 1, 20 p.; Q01017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003835.","productDescription":"20 p.; Q01017","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474808,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003835","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003835"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park;Heart Lake Geyser","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.514654,44.27994 ], [ -110.514654,44.299944 ], [ -110.494646,44.299944 ], [ -110.494646,44.27994 ], [ -110.514654,44.27994 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a154ee4b0c8380cd54d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergfeld, D.","contributorId":58053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, S.","contributorId":61110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032476,"text":"70032476 - 2012 - Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T17:18:14.687551","indexId":"70032476","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">While the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate has successfully been used to address the effects of global climate change on the hydrologic cycle, detailed regional paleohydrologic studies are lacking. Since the hydrologic cycle can vary extensively on local or regional scales due to events such as such as mountain building, and since pedogenic carbonates (calcite) form in a narrow moisture regime, other proxies, such as vertebrate remains, must be used to decipher local<span>&nbsp;</span><i>versus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>regional variations in paleohydrology. In this study, the oxygen isotopic composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub>) of phosphatic remains from a diverse set of vertebrate fossils (fish, turtles, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and micro-mammals) from the Mussentuchit Member (MM) of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA (Aptian to Cenomanian) are analyzed in order to determine differences among the available water reservoirs and water utilization of each taxon. Calculated changes in water reservoir δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>over time are then used to determine the effects of the incursion of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) and the Sevier Mountains on paleohydrology during the MM time.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Calculation of δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>from the results of isotopic analysis of phosphate oxygen suggests that turtles and crocodiles serve as another proxy for meteoric water δ<sup>18</sup>O that can be used as a measure of average local precipitation δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>similar to pedogenic calcite. Pedogenic calcites can be slightly biased toward higher values, however, due to their formation during evaporative conditions. Turtles and crocodiles can be used in place of pedogenic calcite in environments that are not conducive to pedogenic carbonate formation. Remains of fish with rounded tooth morphology have δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that predict temperatures consistent with other estimates of mean annual temperature for this latitude and time. The δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of ganoid scales and teeth with pointed morphology, however, indicates that these skeletal materials were precipitated from water that is<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O-enriched due to migration to either evaporatively enriched water, or<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O-enriched estuarine waters of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS). Another possibility that cannot be discounted and assuming all morphological remains are from the same taxon, is that the pointed teeth and ganoid scales precipitated at different temperatures than rounded teeth. Mammal and herbivorous dinosaur δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>suggests they primarily drank isotopically depleted river water. Co-existence of crocodiles, turtles, and mammals allows for calculation of relative humidity from site to site and these calculations suggest humidity averaged ~&nbsp;58% and ranged between ~&nbsp;42% and ~&nbsp;76%.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values estimated from semi-aquatic taxa and pedogenic calcite suggest dominance of WIS-derived moisture during their growth. Herbivorous dinosaurs particularly indicate that altitude and catchment effects from the Sevier Mountains are seemingly important for river water δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the fall through early spring. These data suggest that temporal changes in the isotopic composition of the MM fauna are produced by the small-scale regressive–transgressive cycles of the WIS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Suarez, C., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G., Cifelli, R., and Tremain, E., 2012, Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 313-314, p. 78-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Mountain Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.4512939453125,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0777587890625,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0777587890625,\n              40.79301881008675\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.4512939453125,\n              40.79301881008675\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.4512939453125,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"313-314","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccc4e4b08c986b32dcfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, C.A.","contributorId":80089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, G.A.","contributorId":90528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cifelli, R.L.","contributorId":52798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cifelli","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tremain, E.","contributorId":73416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremain","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032290,"text":"70032290 - 2012 - Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:31:01","indexId":"70032290","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spectral definition of the macro-algae <i>Ulva curvata</i> in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","title":"Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have developed methods to determine the visible (VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral properties of thalli and epiphytes of bloom-forming and green macrophyte&nbsp;</span><i>Ulva curvata</i><span>&nbsp;in back-barrier lagoons in Virginia, USA. A 2% increase in NIR thalli reflectance from winter to summer (ca. 9.5%) matched the drop in summer NIR transmittance (ca. 90%). In contrast, summer and winter VIS reflectance (reaching 6%) were nearly identical while winter transmittance (ca. 85%) was 10–20% higher. NIR absorption remained at 5% but VIS absorption increased by 10–20% from winter to summer. Replicate consistency substantiated the high transmittance difference indicating thallus composition changed from summer to winter. Epiphytes increased thallus reflectance (&lt;ca. 4%) and decreased transmittance (&lt;ca. 10%) and exhibited broadband VIS and NIR absorptions in summer and selective peaks in winter. A simulation coupling water extinction with thallus reflectance and transmittance found seven submerged thalli maximized the surface reflectance enhancement (ca. 2.5%).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.543436","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Rangoonwalaj, A., Thomsen, M., and Schwarzschild, A., 2012, Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 33, no. 2, p. 586-603, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.543436.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"586","endPage":"603","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.543436"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953be4b08c986b31adfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, E. 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":91310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rangoonwalaj, A. 0000-0002-0556-0598","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":28817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwalaj","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomsen, M.S.","contributorId":98962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomsen","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarzschild, A.","contributorId":96913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzschild","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}