The activity rations of various important anions (S, CO3, SO4, OH, F, and Cl) in hydrothermal solutions at the time of deposition are evaluated using a simple thermodynamic technique. The rations are interpreted in the light of the mineralogy of ore deposits and limites are placed on the variability of each ratio in hydrothermal solutions. All of the calculations are made for 25°C and cautious extrapolation to higher temperatures seems justified; however, additional data for elevated temperatures and pressures are needed before more than approximate values may be assigned to these ratios in the ore-forming fluid.
\nThe calculated partial pressure of CO2 in the ore fluid is generally less than one atmosphere, which suggests that a dense CO2 phase cannot be considered an importatn ore fluid for most deposits. The partial pressure of H2S is usually less than 10-4 atmospheres which makes it extremely difficult to defend the heory that metals (other than the easily complexible mercury, arsenic, antimony, and perhaps fols and silver) are transported in quantity as complex sulfide and hydrosulfides. The sulfate to sulfide ration is such that the oxidation potential at the time of deposition is defined by the following equation: Eh (in volts) = 0.22 ± 0.04 - 0.059 pH.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei633","collaboration":"This report concerns work done partly on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Barton, P.B., 1956, Some limitations on the possible composition of the ore-forming fluid: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 633, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei633.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290070,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0633/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a94c80e4b0f1f8e2fa8677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Paul B. Jr.","contributorId":68406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71634,"text":"tei614 - 1956 - Volumetric determination of uranium using titanous sulfate as reductant before oxidimetric titration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T07:02:13","indexId":"tei614","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T15:16:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"614","title":"Volumetric determination of uranium using titanous sulfate as reductant before oxidimetric titration","docAbstract":"A new method for determining uranium in samples containing 0.05 percent or more U3O8, using titanous sulfate as reducing agent, is much shorter, faster, and has fewer interferences than conventional methods using reductor columns.
\nThe sample is dissolved with sulfuric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric acids. Elements that would otherwise form insoluble fluorides are kept in solution by complexing the fluoride ion with boric acid. A precipitation is made with cupferron to remove interfering elements. The solution is filtered to remove the precipitated cupferrates instead of extracting them with chloroform as is usually done. Filtration is preferred to extraction because any niobium that may be in solution forms an insoluble cupferrate that may be removed by filtering but is very difficult to extract with chloroform.
\nExcess cupferron is destroyed by oxidizing with nitric and perchloric acids, and evaporating to dense fumes of sulfuric acid. The uranium is reduced to U(IV) by the addition of titanous sulfate, with cupric sulfate used as an indicator of the completeness of the reduction. Metallic copper is formed when all the uranium is reduced. The reduced copper is then reoxidized by the addition of mercuric perchlorate, an excess of ferric sulfate added, and the solution titrated immediately with standard ceric sulfate with ferroin as an indicator.
\nPrecision of the method compared favorable with methods in common use, both for uranium ores and for most types of uranium-rich materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei614","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Wahlberg, J.S., Skinner, D.L., and Rader, L., 1956, Volumetric determination of uranium using titanous sulfate as reductant before oxidimetric titration: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 614, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei614.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0614/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae78a0e4b0abf75cf2db8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahlberg, James S.","contributorId":10481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahlberg","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, Dwight L.","contributorId":56559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rader, Lewis F.","contributorId":77238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"Lewis F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048448,"text":"tem568 - 1956 - Alteration of sandstone as a guide to uranium deposits and their origin, northern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:44:58","indexId":"tem568","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T14:56:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"568","title":"Alteration of sandstone as a guide to uranium deposits and their origin, northern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Several uranium deposits are present in the Fall River sandstone of Early Cretaceous age on the northeast flank of the Black Hills, Butte County, South Dakota. The deposits are within a fine-grained, well-sorted, persistent basal sandstone unit that ranges in thickness from 2 to 18 feet and dips about 4° NE. Detailed mapping of about 2 square miles surrounding the deposits have shown that all the uranium occurrences and most of the areas of high radioactivity are where the color changes in the basal sandstone from reddish on the up-dip side of the the occurrences to yellowish-gray or buff down-dip. Radioactivity measurements show that uranium is distributed almost continuously along the sinuous red-buff contact for more than 5 miles. Laboratory work indicates that the red color is caused by the hematite resulting from the alteration of ferrous iron minerals and hydrous ferric oxides. The close association of the red-buff contact and the uranium deposits suggest that the two were formed by the same solutions. The uranium was probably deposited originally from ground water which moved down-dip and gradually changed from an oxidizing solution near the surface to a mildly reducing solution at depth. Concentrations of uranium have resulted from the localization of reducing conditions cause perhaps by structures superimposed on the regional dip, local thinning or decrease in permeability of the sandstone, or concentrations of pyritiferous carbonaceous material. The red alteration is probably the result of pre-Oligocene weathering that has extended downward in the more permeable beds about 200 feet below the ancient erosion surface. Oxidation of the primary uranium during the present weathering cycle has resulted in the formation of carnotite and possibly other secondary uranium minerals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem568","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Vickers, R., 1956, Alteration of sandstone as a guide to uranium deposits and their origin, northern Black Hills, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 568, Report: 24 p.; 1 Plate: 23.97 x 19.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem568.","productDescription":"Report: 24 p.; 1 Plate: 23.97 x 19.67 inches","numberOfPages":"27","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0568/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283256,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0568/report.pdf"},{"id":283255,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0568/plate-3.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Butte County","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,45.2143 ], [ -104.0577,44.5709 ], [ -102.9576,44.5709 ], [ -102.9576,45.2143 ], [ -104.0577,45.2143 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52455762e4b0b3d37307e16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vickers, R.C.","contributorId":50583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickers","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33227,"text":"b965 - 1956 - Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56977,"text":"b965A - 1950 - Erosion studies at Paricutin, State of Michoacan, Mexico","indexId":"b965A","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Erosion studies at Paricutin, State of Michoacan, Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33227,"text":"b965 - 1956 - Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico","indexId":"b965","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":56978,"text":"b965B - 1950 - Volcanoes of the Paricutin region, Mexico","indexId":"b965B","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Volcanoes of the Paricutin region, Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33227,"text":"b965 - 1956 - Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico","indexId":"b965","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":56979,"text":"b965C - 1954 - Petrology of Paricutin volcano, Mexico","indexId":"b965C","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Petrology of Paricutin volcano, Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33227,"text":"b965 - 1956 - Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico","indexId":"b965","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":56980,"text":"b965D - 1956 - Birth and development of Paricutin volcano, Mexico","indexId":"b965D","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Birth and development of Paricutin volcano, Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33227,"text":"b965 - 1956 - Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico","indexId":"b965","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T13:12:34","indexId":"b965","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T14:27:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"965","title":"Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b965","usgsCitation":"Segerstrom, K.K., Williams, H., Wilcox, R., Foshag, W., and Gonzales, J.R., 1956, Geologic investigations in the Parícutin area, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 965, vii, 489 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b965.","productDescription":"vii, 489 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/965/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344656,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/965/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Par�cutin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.379059,19.408831 ], [ -102.379059,19.577126 ], [ -102.122941,19.577126 ], [ -102.122941,19.408831 ], [ -102.379059,19.408831 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286ece4b07b8813a554a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segerstrom, Kenneth K.","contributorId":105276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segerstrom","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, H.","contributorId":51486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, R.E.","contributorId":107348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foshag, W.P.","contributorId":79163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foshag","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gonzales, Jenaro R.","contributorId":52086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Jenaro","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048293,"text":"tem357 - 1956 - Radiometric traverse along the Yukon River from Fort Yukon to Ruby, Alaska, 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:37:08","indexId":"tem357","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T14:07:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"357","title":"Radiometric traverse along the Yukon River from Fort Yukon to Ruby, Alaska, 1949","docAbstract":"In 1949, a radiometric traverse was made of rocks exposed along the banks of and near the Yukon River about Fort Yukon to Ruby, Alaska. Granitic rocks of Tertiary age and of Devonian or Carboniferous age and sandstone beds of Cretaceous age gave the highest readings obtained in the field. Other rock types examined were greenstone of Devonian or Carboniferous age and metamorphic rocks of Devonian and pre-Devonian age, sedimentary rocks, and liginite of Tertiary age, and alluvial deposits of Quaternary age. The most radioactive sample, from Melozitna River canyon, contained only 0.017 percent equivalent uranium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem357","collaboration":"The report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"White, M., Stevens, J.M., and Matzko, J., 1956, Radiometric traverse along the Yukon River from Fort Yukon to Ruby, Alaska, 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 357, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem357.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"17","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0357/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0357/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.7095,64.6876 ], [ -155.7095,66.0817 ], [ -148.8671,66.0817 ], [ -148.8671,64.6876 ], [ -155.7095,64.6876 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c1cf9e4b024b60d407385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Max G.","contributorId":22426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Max G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, John M.","contributorId":18746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matzko, John J.","contributorId":79459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matzko","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":37788,"text":"37788 - 1956 - Bird banding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T13:52:29","indexId":"37788","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T13:51:53","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"373","title":"Bird banding","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Section of Distribution of Birds and Mammals, Branch of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Branch of Wildlife Research, 1956, Bird banding (Revises and updates Wildlife Leaflet BS-145 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 373, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises and updates Wildlife Leaflet BS-145 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd4a2e4b0824b2d177359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Branch of Wildlife Research","contributorId":127903,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Branch of Wildlife Research","id":529722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47338,"text":"b1027A - 1955 - Physical stratigraphy of the Phosphoria formation in part of southwestern Montana","indexId":"b1027A","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Physical stratigraphy of the Phosphoria formation in part of southwestern Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":47339,"text":"b1027B - 1955 - Geology of the Crazy Woman Creek area, Johnson County, Wyoming","indexId":"b1027B","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geology of the Crazy Woman Creek area, Johnson County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":47340,"text":"b1027C - 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1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":47343,"text":"b1027F - 1955 - Copper deposits of part of Helvetia mining district, Pima County, Arizona","indexId":"b1027F","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Copper deposits of part of Helvetia mining district, Pima County, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":47344,"text":"b1027G - 1955 - Lithium resources of North America","indexId":"b1027G","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Lithium resources of North America"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":47345,"text":"b1027H - 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1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":47348,"text":"b1027K - 1956 - Exploratory drilling for evidence of zinc and lead ore in Dubuque County, Iowa","indexId":"b1027K","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Exploratory drilling for evidence of zinc and lead ore in Dubuque County, Iowa"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":11},{"subject":{"id":47349,"text":"b1027L - 1956 - Oil and gas wells drilled in southwestern Virginia before 1950","indexId":"b1027L","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Oil and gas wells drilled in southwestern Virginia before 1950"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":12},{"subject":{"id":47350,"text":"b1027M - 1956 - Reconnaissance geology of western Mineral County, Montana","indexId":"b1027M","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Reconnaissance geology of western Mineral County, Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":13},{"subject":{"id":47351,"text":"b1027N - 1956 - Mineral resources of the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona","indexId":"b1027N","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"N","title":"Mineral resources of the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":14},{"subject":{"id":47352,"text":"b1027O - 1956 - Thorium and rare-earth minerals in Powderhorn district, Gunnison County, Colorado","indexId":"b1027O","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"O","title":"Thorium and rare-earth minerals in Powderhorn district, Gunnison County, Colorado"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":15},{"subject":{"id":47353,"text":"b1027P - 1956 - Geology of the Murray area, Shoshone County, Idaho","indexId":"b1027P","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"P","title":"Geology of the Murray area, Shoshone County, Idaho"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33207,"text":"b1027 - 1956 - Contributions to economic geology, 1955","indexId":"b1027","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955"},"id":16}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T15:47:56","indexId":"b1027","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T13:46:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1027","title":"Contributions to economic geology, 1955","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1027","usgsCitation":"Cressman, E., 1956, Contributions to economic geology, 1955: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1027, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1027.","temporalStart":"1955-01-01","temporalEnd":"1955-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344682,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":289230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1027/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286e5e4b07b8813a55474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cressman, Earle R.","contributorId":34047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cressman","given":"Earle R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44289,"text":"b1009A - 1954 - Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming","indexId":"b1009A","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Uranophane at Silver Cliff mine, Lusk, Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":44290,"text":"b1009B - 1954 - Identification and occurrence of uranium and vanadium minerals from the Colorado Plateaus","indexId":"b1009B","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Identification and occurrence of uranium and vanadium minerals from the Colorado Plateaus"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":44291,"text":"b1009C - 1954 - Radioactive deposits of Nevada","indexId":"b1009C","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Radioactive deposits of Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":44292,"text":"b1009D - 1954 - Further studies of the distribution of uranium in rich phosphate beds of the Phosphoria formation","indexId":"b1009D","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Further studies of the distribution of uranium in rich phosphate beds of the Phosphoria formation"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":44293,"text":"b1009E - 1955 - Stratigraphy of the Morrison and related formations, Colorado Plateau region, a preliminary report","indexId":"b1009E","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Stratigraphy of the Morrison and related formations, Colorado Plateau region, a preliminary report"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":44294,"text":"b1009F - 1955 - Glossary of uranium- and thorium-bearing minerals","indexId":"b1009F","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Glossary of uranium- and thorium-bearing minerals"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":44295,"text":"b1009G - 1955 - Uranium deposits in Fall River County, South Dakota","indexId":"b1009G","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Uranium deposits in Fall River County, South Dakota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":44296,"text":"b1009H - 1955 - Geology of the Happy Jack mine, White Canyon area, San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"b1009H","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Geology of the Happy Jack mine, White Canyon area, San Juan County, Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":44297,"text":"b1009I - 1955 - Carnotite-bearing sandstone in Cedar Canyon, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota","indexId":"b1009I","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Carnotite-bearing sandstone in Cedar Canyon, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":9},{"subject":{"id":44298,"text":"b1009J - 1955 - Criteria for outlining areas favorable for uranium deposits in parts of Colorado and Utah","indexId":"b1009J","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Criteria for outlining areas favorable for uranium deposits in parts of Colorado and Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":44299,"text":"b1009K - 1956 - Uranium-bearing nickel-cobalt-native silver deposits, Black Hawk district, Grant County, New Mexico","indexId":"b1009K","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Uranium-bearing nickel-cobalt-native silver deposits, Black Hawk district, Grant County, New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":11},{"subject":{"id":44300,"text":"b1009L - 1956 - Radioactive deposits in New Mexico","indexId":"b1009L","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Radioactive deposits in New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":12},{"subject":{"id":44301,"text":"b1009M - 1956 - Botanical prospecting for uranium on La Ventana Mesa, Sandoval County, New Mexico","indexId":"b1009M","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"Botanical prospecting for uranium on La Ventana Mesa, Sandoval County, New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33195,"text":"b1009 - 1956 - Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","indexId":"b1009","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54"},"id":13}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T15:45:03","indexId":"b1009","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1009","usgsCitation":"U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956, Contributions to the geology of uranium, 1953-54: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1009, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1009.","temporalStart":"1953-01-01","temporalEnd":"1954-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":344678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286e6e4b07b8813a5547e"} ,{"id":71639,"text":"tei619 - 1956 - The physical behavior and geologic control of radon in mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T07:20:31","indexId":"tei619","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T10:39:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"619","title":"The physical behavior and geologic control of radon in mountain streams","docAbstract":"Radon measurement were made in several small, turbulent mountain streams in the Wasatch Mountains near Salt Lake City and Ogden, Utah, to determine the relationship between the distribution of radon and its geologic environment.
\nIn this area, the distribution of radon in streams can be sued to locate points where relatively large amounts of radon-bearing ground water enter the stream, although other evidence of spring activity may be lacking. These points of influence ground water are marked by abrupt increases (as much as two orders of magnitude within a distance of 50 feet) in the radon content of the stream waters.
\nThe excess radon in the stream water is then rapidly lost to the atmosphere through stream turbulence. The rate of radon dissipation is an exponential function, of different slopes, with respect to distance of streamflow, and depend upon the rate and volume of streamflow, and the gradient and nature of the stream channel.
\nThe higher radon concentration can be generally related to specific stratigraphic horizons in several different drainage area. Thus, lithologic units which act as the primary aquifers can be identifies. In one area, thrust faults were found to control he influx of ground water into the stream.
\nEstimates, based on radon concentration in stream and related spring waters, can also be made of the major increments of addition of ground water to streamflow where conventional methods such as stream gaging are not practical.
\nThe radon in the waters studied was found to be almost completely unsupported by radium in solution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei619","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Research of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Rogers, A., 1956, The physical behavior and geologic control of radon in mountain streams: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 619, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei619.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290054,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0619/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Ogden;Salt Lake City","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.151,40.5021 ], [ -112.151,41.3868 ], [ -111.2973,41.3868 ], [ -111.2973,40.5021 ], [ -112.151,40.5021 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a94c87e4b0f1f8e2fa8681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, Allen S.","contributorId":66553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Allen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40011,"text":"b1033 - 1956 - Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47354,"text":"b1033A - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 160, January-March 1955","indexId":"b1033A","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 160, January-March 1955"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":40011,"text":"b1033 - 1956 - Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955","indexId":"b1033","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":47355,"text":"b1033B - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 161, April-June 1955","indexId":"b1033B","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geophysical abstracts 161, April-June 1955"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":40011,"text":"b1033 - 1956 - Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955","indexId":"b1033","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":47356,"text":"b1033C - 1955 - Geophysical abstracts 162, July-September 1955","indexId":"b1033C","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Geophysical abstracts 162, July-September 1955"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":40011,"text":"b1033 - 1956 - Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955","indexId":"b1033","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":47357,"text":"b1033D - 1956 - Geophysical abstracts 163, October-December 1955","indexId":"b1033D","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geophysical abstracts 163, October-December 1955"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":40011,"text":"b1033 - 1956 - Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955","indexId":"b1033","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T10:06:14","indexId":"b1033","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T10:04:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1033","title":"Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1033","usgsCitation":"U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956, Geophysical abstracts 160-163 January-December 1955: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1033, iii, 340 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1033.","productDescription":"iii, 340 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286efe4b07b8813a554b3"} ,{"id":70098413,"text":"tei432 - 1956 - Geology and ore deposits of the Chicago Creek area, Clear Creek County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T14:37:34","indexId":"tei432","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T09:56:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"432","title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Chicago Creek area, Clear Creek County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Chicago Creek area, Clear Creek County, Colo., forms part of the Front Range mineral belt, which is a northeast-trending belt of coextensive porphyry intrusive rocks and hydrothermal veins of Tertiary age. More than $4.5 million worth of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and uranium was produced from the mines in the area between 1859 and 1954. This investigation was made by the Geological survey on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
\n
\n
The bedrock in the area is Precambrian and consists of igneous rocks, some of which have been metamorphosed , and metasedimentary rocks. The metasedimentary rocks include biotite-quartz-plagioclase gneiss that is locally garnetiferous, sillimanitic biotite-quartz gneiss, amphibolite, and lime-silicate gneiss. Rocks that may be metasedimentary or meta-igneous are quartz monzonite gneiss and granite gneiss and pegmatite. The granite gneiss and pegmatite locally form a migmatite with the biotitic metasedimentary rocks. These older rocks have been intruded by granodiorite, quartz, and granite pegmatite. During Tertiary time the Precambrian rocks were invaded by dikes and plugs of quartz monzonite porphyry, alaskite porphyry, granite porphyry, monzonite porphyry, bostonite and garnetiferous bostonite porphyry, quartz bostonite porphyry, trachytic granite porphyry, and biotite-quartz latite-porphyry.
\nSolifluction debris of Wisconsin age forms sheets filling some of the high basins, covering some of the steep slopes, and filling parts of some of the valleys; talus and talus slides of Wisconsin age rest of or are mixed with solifluction debris in some of the high basins. Recent and/or Pleistocene alluvium is present along valley flats of the larger streams and gulches.
\nTwo periods of Precambrian folding can be recognized in the area. The older folding crumpled the metasedimentary rocks into a series of upright and overturned north-northeast plunging anticlines and synclines. Quartz monzonite gneiss, granite gneiss and pegmatite, granodiorite, and quartz diorite and associated hornblendite are metamorphosed during this period. The second period of folding appears to have been the reflection at depth of faulting nearer the surface; it resulted in crushing as well as some folding of the already folded rocks into terrace and monoclinal folds that plunge gently east-northeast. The biotite-muscovite granite, which is the youngest major Precambrian rock unit, is both concordant (phacolithic) and crosscutting along the older fold system and has been fractured by the younger fold system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei432","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Harrison, J.E., and Wells, J.D., 1956, Geology and ore deposits of the Chicago Creek area, Clear Creek County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 432, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei432.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285841,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0432/report.pdf"},{"id":284139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei432.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Clear Creek County","otherGeospatial":"Chicago Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.927057,39.564453 ], [ -105.927057,39.852061 ], [ -105.394554,39.852061 ], [ -105.394554,39.564453 ], [ -105.927057,39.564453 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355946ee4b0120853e8bfd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, J. E.","contributorId":54532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, J. D.","contributorId":58647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":71461,"text":"tei427 - 1956 - Preliminary study of radioactive limonite localities in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T14:18:06","indexId":"tei427","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T09:40:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"427","title":"Preliminary study of radioactive limonite localities in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Nine radioactive limonite localities of different types were sampled during the spring and fall of 1953 in an effort to establish criteria for differentiating limonite outcrops associated with uranium or thorium deposits from limonite outcrops not associated with such deposits. The samples were analyzed for uranium and thorium by standard chemical methods, for equivalent uranium by the radiometric method, and for a number of common metals by semiquantitative geochemical methods. Correlation coefficients were then calculated for each of the metals with respect to equivalent uranium, and to uranium where present, for all of the samples from each locality. The correlation coefficients may indicate a significant association between uranium or thorium and certain metals. Occurrences of specific that are interpreted as significant very considerably for different uranium localities but are more consistent for the thorium localities.
\n
\n
Samples taken from radioactive outcrops in the vicinity of uranium or thorium deposits can be quickly analyzed by geochemical methods for various elements. Correlation coefficients can then be determined for the various elements with respect to uranium or thorium; if any significant correlations are obtained, the elements showing such correlation may be indicators of uranium or thorium. Soil samples of covered areas in the vicinity of the radioactive outcrop may then be analyzed for the indicator elements and any resulting anomalies used as a guide for prospecting where the depth of overburden is too great to allow the use of radiation-detecting instruments.
\nCorrelation coefficients of the associated indicator elements, used in conjunction with petrographic evidence, may also be useful in interpreting the origin and paragenesis of radioactive deposits.
\nChanges in color of limonite stains on the outcrop may also be a useful guide to ore in some areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei427","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T., and Beroni, E., 1956, Preliminary study of radioactive limonite localities in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 427, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei427.","productDescription":"61 p.","numberOfPages":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285831,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0427/report.pdf"},{"id":284136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei427.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.0,38.0 ], [ -110.0,43.0 ], [ -104.0,43.0 ], [ -104.0,38.0 ], [ -110.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355952be4b0120853e8c15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":55014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beroni, E.P.","contributorId":13222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroni","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37793,"text":"37793 - 1956 - List of Fish and Wildlife Service informational leaflets on wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T08:52:30","indexId":"37793","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T08:52:16","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"378","title":"List of Fish and Wildlife Service informational leaflets on wildlife","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bullard, C.O., 1956, List of Fish and Wildlife Service informational leaflets on wildlife (Supersedes Wildlife Leaflet 369 (1955).): Wildlife Leaflet 378, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Supersedes Wildlife Leaflet 369 (1955).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd4a2e4b0824b2d17735b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullard, Clifford O.","contributorId":107619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullard","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2618,"text":"wsp1360B - 1956 - Ground water in northeastern Louisville, Kentucky with reference to induced infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T15:31:54.450981","indexId":"wsp1360B","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1360","chapter":"B","title":"Ground water in northeastern Louisville, Kentucky with reference to induced infiltration","docAbstract":"In cooperation with the city of Louisville, Ky., the U. S. Geological Survey made a detailed investigation during the period February 1945 to March 1947 of the ground-water resources of a 3-square-mile area along the Ohio River north-east of Louisville. Test drilling shows that the principal aquifer consists of about 80 feet of glacial-outwash sands and gravels lying in an old river channel which was cut into rocks of Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian age.
The total ground-water storage in the area is estimated as 7 billion gallons. The ground-water levels are affected by changes in river elevation, by rainfall, and by the effects of pumping in the downtown part of Louisville 3 miles to the southwest. In the northeastern part of the area the flow of ground water, as defined by contour maps, is toward the river, and in the southwestern part of the area it is from the river toward the downtown area of overpumping.
Ground water in the area has an average temperature of 56° F. The water, which is moderately hard, is suitable for domestic and industrial uses.
Analysis of a pumping test made during the investigation proves that infiltration supplies can be developed. Studies to determine the degree of connection between the river and aquifer were made on the basis of chemical analyses, sections showing temperature distribution in the aquifer during the pumping test, shapes of water-level profiles in the test area, and shapes of time-drawdown curves for a number of observation wells. Quantitative studies to evaluate the hydrologic constants of the aquifer were made by both graphical and mathematical methods. The transmissibility was determined as 121,000 gpd/ft in the test area; the distance to the line source, 400 feet; and the coefficient of storage, 0.0003. A comparison of river-level fluctuations and water-level fluctuations in observation wells shows that conditions along the 6.4-mile reach of river are not greatly different from those at the site of the pumping test.
It is estimated that under adverse temperature and river-stage conditions infiltration supplies could be developed to the extent of 280 million gpd in the entire 6.4-mile reach investigated; at average river-water temperature (59° F) about 400 million gpd could be developed. Diagrams were drawn showing the estimated yield of wells of different radii, at various distances from the river, and at various spacings. In making the computations allowance was made for screen losses, dewatering of the aquifer, partial penetration of wells, location wells, eccentricity of large wells, and interference among wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1360B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Louisville","usgsCitation":"Rorabaugh, M.I., 1956, Ground water in northeastern Louisville, Kentucky with reference to induced infiltration: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1360, Report: v, 69 p.; 17 Plates: 8 x 23.81 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1360B.","productDescription":"Report: v, 69 p.; 17 Plates: 8 x 23.81 inches or smaller","startPage":"101","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"73","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416093,"rank":20,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24337.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28927,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28926,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28925,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28924,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28923,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28917,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28916,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28914,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28911,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28920,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":279835,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/report.pdf"},{"id":28912,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28913,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28915,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28918,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28919,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28921,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28922,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1360b/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Louisville","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.948441,37.9971 ], [ -85.948441,38.38051 ], [ -85.4051,38.38051 ], [ -85.4051,37.9971 ], [ -85.948441,37.9971 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66db38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rorabaugh, M. I.","contributorId":28221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rorabaugh","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2515,"text":"wsp1109 - 1956 - Ground-water geology of the coastal zone, Long Beach-Santa Ana area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T19:42:34.164567","indexId":"wsp1109","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1109","title":"Ground-water geology of the coastal zone, Long Beach-Santa Ana area, California","docAbstract":"This paper is the first chapter of a comprehensive report on the ground-water features in the southern part of the coastal plain in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, Calif., with special reference to the effectiveness of the so-called coastal barrier--the Newport-Inglewood structural zone--in restraining landwar,-1 movement of saline water. The coastal plain in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, which covers some 775 square miles, sustains a large urban and rural population, diverse industries, and intensive agricultural developments. The aggregate ground-water withdrawal in 1945 was about 400,000 acre-feet a year, an average of about 360 million gallons a day. The dominant land-form elements are a central lowland plain with tongues extending to the coast, bordering highlands and foothills, and a succession of low hills and mesas aligned northwestward along the coastal edge of the central low- land plain. These low hills and mesas are the land-surface expression of geologic structure in the Newport-Inglewood zone. The highland areas that border the inland edge of the coastal plain are of moderate altitude and relief; most of the ridge crests range from 1,400 to 2,500 feet in altitude, but Santiago Peak in the Santa Ana Mountains attains a height of 5,680 feet above sea level. From these highlands the land surface descends across foothills and aggraded alluvial aprons to the central lowland, Downey Plain, here defined as the surface formed by alluvial aggradation during the post-Pleistocene time of rising base level. The Newport-Inglewood belt of hills and plains (mesas) has a maximum relief of some 500 feet but is widely underlain at a depth of about 30 feet by a surface of marine plantation. As initially formed in late Pleistocene time that surface was largely a featureless plain. Thus the present land-surface forms within the Newport-Inglewood belt measure the earth deformation that has occurred there since late Pleistocene time and so are pertinent with respect to structural features that influence the watertightness of the so-called coastal barrier. The hills and mesas of the Newport-Inglewood belt are cut by six gaps through which tongues of the central lowland extend to the coast. The gaps are trenched in the deformed late Pleistocene surface and are floored with alluvium that is highly permeable in its lower part. The Long Beach-Santa Ana area, with which this report is concerned, encompasses the central and eastern segments of the coastal plain, and includes five of the gaps in succession from northwest to south- east: Dominguez, Alamitos, Sunset, Bolsa, and Santa Ana Gaps. In the Long Beach-Santa Ana area a thick sequence of Quaternary and Tertiary sedimentary rocks has been deposited on a basement of metamorphic and crystalline rocks of pre-Tertiary age. In the broad syncline underlying tl e central part of Downey Plain these sediments probably exceed 20,000 feet in thickness. This report pertains chiefly to the geology and water-bearing character of the rocks that underlie the coastal zone of the Long Beach-Santa Ana area. This area extends some 27 miles from Dominguez Hill on the northwest to Newport Beach on the southeast, has an average width of about 6 miles, includes some 180 square miles, and borders the Pacific Ocean. Of the Quaternary deposits the youngest are of Recent age and comprise silt, sand, gravel, and clay, chiefly of fluvial origin; they are the latest contributions to the alluvial cones of the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers; their thickness is as much as 175 feet. The upper division of the Recent deposits, largely fine sand and silt of low permeability, commonly furnishes water only to a few wells of small yield; the lower division is coarse sand and gravel deposited chiefly in two tongues extending respectively, from Whittier Narrows through Dominguez Gap and from Santa Ana Canyon through Santa Ana Gap.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1109","usgsCitation":"Poland, J.F., and Piper, A.M., 1956, Ground-water geology of the coastal zone, Long Beach-Santa Ana area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1109, Report: v, 162 p.; 8 Plates: 61.10 x 16.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1109.","productDescription":"Report: v, 162 p.; 8 Plates: 61.10 x 16.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414038,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28705,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28704,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28703,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28702,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28701,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28700,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28699,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28698,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28697,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1109/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Beach-Santa Ana area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.29,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -118.29,\n 33.583\n ],\n [\n -117.848,\n 33.583\n ],\n [\n -117.848,\n 33.875\n ],\n [\n -118.29,\n 33.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668d91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, J. F.","contributorId":64223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, A. M.","contributorId":102865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53563,"text":"53563 - 1956 - Biology of the sea lamprey in its parasitic phase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T14:44:56","indexId":"53563","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":74,"text":"Research Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Biology of the sea lamprey in its parasitic phase","docAbstract":"The investigations conducted on sea lampreys in aquariums were concerned with the duration of the parasitic phase of life, feeding, growth, and the interrelations between predator and host fish. Observations on lampreys reared from metamorphosis to maturity were made at the Fish and Wildlife Service Laboratory at Hammond Bay, Michigan. Most of the experimental lampreys were mature and ripe after 14 to 18 months of parasitic life. They exhibited signs of irreversible physical degeneration which precedes death. Three specimens were immature after 14, 18, and 26 months in aquariums, thus indicating that under certain conditions, lampreys may extend their parasitic phase. The feeding activity, growth, and shrinkage in size of aquarium specimens were considered typical of lampreys in the Great Lakes, although the wild lampreys achieve greater average size. Female lampreys made more attacks, fed more, killed more fish, and grew larger than males. They also shrank proportionately more in length and weight as they approached sexual maturity, but their terminal average size was slightly larger than that of males. It is estimated that the average fish-kill by a wild lamprey exceeds, and could be approximately double, the 18.5 pounds of fish killed by a laboratory lamprey. The rate and extent of fish destruction depended on the size, sex, and stage in the parasitic phase of the lampreys, and on the species and size of the fish. There was an increase in the number of fish killed as the lampreys grew, and the fish were killed more quickly. Attacks made by experimental lampreys at any stage of their parasitic phase up to full maturity, and on any part of a prey fish except fins, usually resulted in death to the host. Some fish which survived lamprey attacks succumbed to fungus infections of the wounds. A small number of trout recovered from attacks, and their wounds healed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Fishery Bulletin of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 57, Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Parker, P.S., and Lennon, R.E., 1956, Biology of the sea lamprey in its parasitic phase: Research Report 44, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267222,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015086578658"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62311f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Phillip S.","contributorId":74450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010563,"text":"70010563 - 1956 - Aromatic fluorine compounds. VII. Replacement of aromatic -Cl and -NO2 groups by -F","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T16:15:44.192574","indexId":"70010563","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aromatic fluorine compounds. VII. Replacement of aromatic -Cl and -NO2 groups by -F","docAbstract":"Replacement of -Cl by -F in aryl chlorides with potassium fluoride has been extended from 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to less activated halides by the use of non-aqueous solvents, especially dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Also replacement of -NO2 by -F in substituted nitrobenzenes was studied in DMF. As a direct result of this study, many aromatic fluorine compounds can now be obtained by a relatively simple synthetic route.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01604a022","issn":"00027863","usgsCitation":"Finger, G.C., and Kruse, C., 1956, Aromatic fluorine compounds. VII. Replacement of aromatic -Cl and -NO2 groups by -F: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 78, no. 23, p. 6034-6037, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a022.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6034","endPage":"6037","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed81e4b0c8380cd4984b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finger, G. 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","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Watson, M., Guenther, R., and Royce, R., 1956, Hematology of healthy and virus-diseased sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka: Zoologica, v. 41, no. Part 1, p. 27-38.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"27","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"Part 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002e0e4b01ccd54fb284f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, M.E.","contributorId":182355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guenther, R.W.","contributorId":150801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guenther","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royce, R.D.","contributorId":182353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Royce","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81427,"text":"81427 - 1956 - The lake sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T16:48:39.346411","indexId":"81427","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The lake sturgeon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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