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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp305A","usgsCitation":"Robinson, F.M., and Bergquist, H.R., 1956, Core tests and test wells, Oumalik area, Alaska, with paleontology of test wells and core tests in the Oumalik area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 305, Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 31.00 x 63.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp305A.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 31.00 x 63.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67578,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0305a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67577,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0305a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67580,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0305a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67579,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0305a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422986,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92869.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67576,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0305a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0305a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Oumalik area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 69.875\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 69.75\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 69.75\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 69.875\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 69.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, F. M.","contributorId":84830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergquist, H. R.","contributorId":72439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergquist","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010586,"text":"70010586 - 1956 - Use of Argon as a Counting Gas at − 183°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T11:37:40","indexId":"70010586","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3276,"text":"Review of Scientific Instruments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of Argon as a Counting Gas at − 183°C","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]
","language":"English","publisher":"AIP Publishing","doi":"10.1063/1.1715531","issn":"00346748","usgsCitation":"Senftle, F.E., and Farley, T.A., 1956, Use of Argon as a Counting Gas at − 183°C: Review of Scientific Instruments, v. 27, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1715531.","startPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1715531"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbebee4b08c986b329770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, T. A.","contributorId":102576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010587,"text":"70010587 - 1956 - Variation in content of abstracts according to use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:59:48.480616","indexId":"70010587","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2206,"text":"Journal of Chemical Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in content of abstracts according to use","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ed033p27","issn":"00219584","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, M., and Hooker, M., 1956, Variation in content of abstracts according to use: Journal of Chemical Education, v. 33, no. 1, p. 27-32, https://doi.org/10.1021/ed033p27.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1956-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc155e4b08c986b32a516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, M.","contributorId":84069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooker, M.","contributorId":47903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010584,"text":"70010584 - 1956 - Spectrophotometric study of the thorium-morin mixed-color system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T22:28:04.522118","indexId":"70010584","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrophotometric study of the thorium-morin mixed-color system","docAbstract":"A spectrophotometric study was made of the thoriummorin reaction to evaluate the suitability of morin as a reagent for the determination of trace amounts of thorium. At pH 2, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1 x 106, and a single complex having a thorium-morin ratio of 1 to 2 is formed. The complex shows maximum absorbance at a wave length of 410 mμ, and its absorbance obeys Beer's law. The absorbance readings are highly reproducible, and the sensitivity is relatively high, an absorbance difference of 0.001 being equivalent to 0.007 γ of ThO2 per sq. cm. The effects of acid, alcohol, and morin concentration, time, temperature, and age of the morin reagent as well as the behavior of morin with zirconium(IV), iron(III), aluminum(III), ytterbium(III), yttrium(III), uranium(VI), praseodymium(III), lead(II), lanthanum(III), and calcium(II) ions are discussed. A method is presented for the determination of thorium in pure solutions. Appropriate separations for the isolation of thorium may extend the usefulness of the method and permit the determination of trace amounts of thorium in complex materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60117a014","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, M.H., and Milkey, R., 1956, Spectrophotometric study of the thorium-morin mixed-color system: Analytical Chemistry, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1402-1407, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60117a014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1402","endPage":"1407","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050200/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b95ade4b08c986b31b059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, M. H.","contributorId":53438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milkey, R.G.","contributorId":89125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milkey","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010583,"text":"70010583 - 1956 - Thoron-tartaric acid systems for spectrophotometric determination of thorium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T16:56:54.126962","indexId":"70010583","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thoron-tartaric acid systems for spectrophotometric determination of thorium","docAbstract":"Thoron is commonly used for the spectrophotometric determination of thorium. An undesirable feature of its use is its high sensitivity to zirconium. This study describes the use of tartaric acid as a masking reagent for zirconium. Three tartaric acid-thoron systems, developed for the determination of thorium, differ with respect to the concentrations of thoron and tartaric acid. Mesotartaric acid, used in one of the systems, is most effective in masking zirconium. The behavior of rarer elements, usually associated with thorium ores, is determined in two systems, and a dilution method is described for the direct determination of thorium in monazite concentrates.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60113a011","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., and Fletcher, M., 1956, Thoron-tartaric acid systems for spectrophotometric determination of thorium: Analytical Chemistry, v. 28, no. 5, p. 812-816, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60113a011.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"816","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480420,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050370/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":219089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2ebe4b08c986b325aa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Mary H.","contributorId":52954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Mary H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010818,"text":"70010818 - 1956 - Aromatic fluorine compounds. VI. Displacement of aryl fluorine in diazonium salts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T16:16:52.333872","indexId":"70010818","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aromatic fluorine compounds. VI. Displacement of aryl fluorine in diazonium salts","docAbstract":"Several chlorofluorobenzenes have been isolated from the Schiemann synthesis of fluorobenzenes. These have been shown to be the products of two side reactions occurring during thermal decomposition of the dry benzenediazonium fluoborate salt containing coprecipitated sodium chloride, an unavoidable contaminant in large preparations involving the use of hydrochloric acid and sodium fluoborate. The major side reaction and its chloro product were unexpected; a unique displacement of fluorine ortho to the diazonium group was observed. Replacement of the diazo group with chlorine was the predicted side reaction which proved to be minor. Conditions causing the side reactions and the isolation and identification of the products are described.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01592a073","issn":"00027863","usgsCitation":"Finger, G.C., and Oesterling, R., 1956, Aromatic fluorine compounds. VI. Displacement of aryl fluorine in diazonium salts: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 78, no. 11, p. 2593-2596, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01592a073.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2593","endPage":"2596","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed80e4b0c8380cd49848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finger, G. 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","language":"English","publisher":"State of Michigan, Dept. of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., 1956, The early life history of the lake trout in Lake Superior: Miscellaneous Public 10, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.320068359375,\n 46.50973514453876\n ],\n [\n -84.35028076171875,\n 46.534303278597505\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 46.53052428878426\n ],\n [\n -84.4793701171875,\n 46.49650154751426\n ],\n [\n -84.52606201171875,\n 46.51918574163987\n ],\n [\n -84.5562744140625,\n 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fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2002429","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14,"text":"Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"Raising bait fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"52/FH","usgsCitation":"Dobie, J., Meehean, O., Snieszko, S.F., and Washburn, G., 1956, Raising bait fishes: Circular 35, 123 p.","productDescription":"123 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"123","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science 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F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Washburn, G.N.","contributorId":37032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburn","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009859,"text":"70009859 - 1956 - Two second-order tellurium lines listed in M.I.T tables as first-order lines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T14:53:08.40478","indexId":"70009859","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3462,"text":"Spectrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two second-order tellurium lines listed in M.I.T tables as first-order lines","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0371-1951(56)80025-8","issn":"03711951","usgsCitation":"Dunton, P.J., 1956, Two second-order tellurium lines listed in M.I.T tables as first-order lines: Spectrochimica Acta, v. 8, no. 1, p. 53-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0371-1951(56)80025-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb987e4b08c986b327c3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunton, P. J.","contributorId":36193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunton","given":"P.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010479,"text":"70010479 - 1956 - Multiple-unit fusion rack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T16:55:05.147334","indexId":"70010479","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple-unit fusion rack","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60110a048","usgsCitation":"Marranzino, A., and Wood, W.H., 1956, Multiple-unit fusion rack: Analytical Chemistry, v. 28, no. 2, p. 273-274, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60110a048.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a608fe4b0c8380cd71541","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marranzino, A. P.","contributorId":61798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranzino","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W. H.","contributorId":77294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53563,"text":"53563 - 1956 - Biology of the sea lamprey in its parasitic phase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T14:44:56","indexId":"53563","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":74,"text":"Research Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Biology of the sea lamprey in its parasitic phase","docAbstract":"The investigations conducted on sea lampreys in aquariums were concerned with the duration of the parasitic phase of life, feeding, growth, and the interrelations between predator and host fish. Observations on lampreys reared from metamorphosis to maturity were made at the Fish and Wildlife Service Laboratory at Hammond Bay, Michigan. Most of the experimental lampreys were mature and ripe after 14 to 18 months of parasitic life. They exhibited signs of irreversible physical degeneration which precedes death. Three specimens were immature after 14, 18, and 26 months in aquariums, thus indicating that under certain conditions, lampreys may extend their parasitic phase. The feeding activity, growth, and shrinkage in size of aquarium specimens were considered typical of lampreys in the Great Lakes, although the wild lampreys achieve greater average size. Female lampreys made more attacks, fed more, killed more fish, and grew larger than males. They also shrank proportionately more in length and weight as they approached sexual maturity, but their terminal average size was slightly larger than that of males. It is estimated that the average fish-kill by a wild lamprey exceeds, and could be approximately double, the 18.5 pounds of fish killed by a laboratory lamprey. The rate and extent of fish destruction depended on the size, sex, and stage in the parasitic phase of the lampreys, and on the species and size of the fish. There was an increase in the number of fish killed as the lampreys grew, and the fish were killed more quickly. Attacks made by experimental lampreys at any stage of their parasitic phase up to full maturity, and on any part of a prey fish except fins, usually resulted in death to the host. Some fish which survived lamprey attacks succumbed to fungus infections of the wounds. A small number of trout recovered from attacks, and their wounds healed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Fishery Bulletin of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 57, Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Parker, P.S., and Lennon, R.E., 1956, Biology of the sea lamprey in its parasitic phase: Research Report 44, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267222,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015086578658"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62311f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Phillip S.","contributorId":74450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81427,"text":"81427 - 1956 - The lake sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T16:48:39.346411","indexId":"81427","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The lake sturgeon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our endangered wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Wildlife Federation","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1956, The lake sturgeon, chap. of Our endangered wildlife, p. 9-10.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a83e4b07f02db64b9e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95046,"text":"95046 - 1956 - Medical parasitology laboratory manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"95046","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Medical parasitology laboratory manual","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Burgess Publishing Co","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","collaboration":"762/FH","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1956, Medical parasitology laboratory manual.","numberOfPages":"98","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61015c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014483,"text":"1014483 - 1956 - Experimental induction of blue-sac disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-20T15:24:09.404877","indexId":"1014483","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental induction of blue-sac disease","docAbstract":"Blue‐sac disease, an abnormal condition of sac fry, has been recognized for nearly 90 years. At least 23 postulated causes have been advanced, but reports of consistently reproducible results have not been found in literature. Methods whereby blue‐sac disease was induced at will are described. Closed‐system incubation, whereby metabolic wastes accumulated, resulted in incidences of blue‐sac disease roughly proportional to the period of holding and to ammonia concentrations which developed. Blue‐sac disease was also induced by adding synthetic nitrogen compounds to water used for incubating eggs and fry.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1956)86[61:EIOBD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1956, Experimental induction of blue-sac disease: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 86, no. 1, p. 61-70, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1956)86[61:EIOBD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f929b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95203,"text":"95203 - 1956 - Survey on the occurrence of fish diseases, kidney disease in particular, in federal and some state trout and salmon hatcheries in the northeastern part of the United States (Mimeograph)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"95203","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Survey on the occurrence of fish diseases, kidney disease in particular, in federal and some state trout and salmon hatcheries in the northeastern part of the United States (Mimeograph)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"50/FH","usgsCitation":"Piper, R.G., 1956, Survey on the occurrence of fish diseases, kidney disease in particular, in federal and some state trout and salmon hatcheries in the northeastern part of the United States (Mimeograph), 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68870b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, R. G.","contributorId":36071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"R.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95216,"text":"95216 - 1956 - Drug resistance and the treatment of fish furunculosis with sulfonamides and antibiotics (Mimeograph)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"95216","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Drug resistance and the treatment of fish furunculosis with sulfonamides and antibiotics (Mimeograph)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"54/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., and Bullock, G.L., 1956, Drug resistance and the treatment of fish furunculosis with sulfonamides and antibiotics (Mimeograph), 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":95190,"text":"95190 - 1956 - Report on the problem of diseases in warm-water fish ponds, minnow hatcheries in particular (Mimeograph)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:58","indexId":"95190","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Report on the problem of diseases in warm-water fish ponds, minnow hatcheries in particular (Mimeograph)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"53/FH","usgsCitation":"Snieszko, S.F., 1956, Report on the problem of diseases in warm-water fish ponds, minnow hatcheries in particular (Mimeograph), 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613c1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000100,"text":"1000100 - 1956 - Validity of age determination from scales, and growth of marked Lake Michigan lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T22:03:07","indexId":"1000100","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1664,"text":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validity of age determination from scales, and growth of marked Lake Michigan lake trout","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cable, L.E., 1956, Validity of age determination from scales, and growth of marked Lake Michigan lake trout: Fishery Bulletin of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, v. 57, no. 107, p. 1-59.","productDescription":"p. 1-59","startPage":"1","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"58","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269834,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3254939"}],"volume":"57","issue":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cable, Louella E.","contributorId":99919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cable","given":"Louella","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185482,"text":"70185482 - 1956 - Data and understanding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T14:03:02","indexId":"70185482","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data and understanding","docAbstract":"In the year 1534 when Cabeza de Vaca escaped from the aborigines of southern Texas by whom he had been enslaved for six years, he made his way on foot from the vicinity of Galveston to the west coast of Mexico. Although his Relación was not printed until 1542, the verbal report of Cabeza de Vaca gave impetus to the growing interest in exploration of New Spain. Estevanico, the black, one of de Vaca's companions, served as guide to Fray Marcos de Niza on the first Spanish reconnaissance to reach the village of Zuni in New Mexico.
The earliest Spanish exploring parties hoped to find riches, but expected to acquire, at the least, facts. These \"gentlemen of high quality,\" as Castaneda called them, wanted to see for themselves whether the cities of Cibola had streets of silver. Hearsay was not enough. Rumor was to be replaced by first-hand knowledge.
Without discounting the hope for personal gain, these men presumably were fired with some further intellectual and spiritual motivation, among which must have been the desire for facts about these parts where we are assembled. Inscription Rock, only a few miles west of Albuquerque, bears illuminating tidbits of history. Don Diego de Vargas, says the carved inscription of 1692, came here \"A su costa\"—at his own expense.
We are attempting to survey and correlate some of the facts which people have gained about the nature of semi-arid lands. We are better off than the early Spanish explorers, for in the intervening period data and information have been accumulated in scope and in detail beyond the imagination of our predecessors. We have available excellent maps, knowledge of the soils and of the rocks, both at the surface and below the ground, measurements of precipitation, descriptions of the vegetation, data on the flow of streams, experience in the use, if not the husbandry, of the land.
It is true that for the purposes of our complex civilization, the need for additional data has far outstripped the programs of fact-finding. But it appears that an indefinite expansion of the collection of routine measurements would still leave something lacking. I draw the distinction between measurement data and understanding; between the collection of facts and knowledge of processes and interrelationships. Although we have a wealth of data, our understanding of the semi-arid environment is poor.
Understanding the physical and biologic processes operating in an environment is important for living in and with the land. As an example, let us look briefly at the interrelation of the water and sediment in ephemeral streams, and the problem of valley trenching or arroyo cutting.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The future of arid lands: Papers and recommendations from the International Arid Lands Meetings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Arid Lands Meetings","conferenceDate":"April 26 - May 4, 1955","conferenceLocation":"Albuquerque, NM","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/aic.690030425","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., 1956, Data and understanding, in The future of arid lands: Papers and recommendations from the International Arid Lands Meetings, v. 43, Albuquerque, NM, April 26 - May 4, 1955, p. 114-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030425.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"120","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98f9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"White, Gilbert F.","contributorId":189688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685700,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010563,"text":"70010563 - 1956 - Aromatic fluorine compounds. VII. Replacement of aromatic -Cl and -NO2 groups by -F","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T16:15:44.192574","indexId":"70010563","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aromatic fluorine compounds. VII. Replacement of aromatic -Cl and -NO2 groups by -F","docAbstract":"Replacement of -Cl by -F in aryl chlorides with potassium fluoride has been extended from 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to less activated halides by the use of non-aqueous solvents, especially dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Also replacement of -NO2 by -F in substituted nitrobenzenes was studied in DMF. As a direct result of this study, many aromatic fluorine compounds can now be obtained by a relatively simple synthetic route.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01604a022","issn":"00027863","usgsCitation":"Finger, G.C., and Kruse, C., 1956, Aromatic fluorine compounds. VII. Replacement of aromatic -Cl and -NO2 groups by -F: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 78, no. 23, p. 6034-6037, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a022.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6034","endPage":"6037","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed81e4b0c8380cd4984b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finger, G. C.","contributorId":89277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, C.W.","contributorId":52333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185477,"text":"70185477 - 1956 - Floods in relation to the river channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T13:39:11","indexId":"70185477","displayToPublicDate":"1956-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5272,"text":"Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floods in relation to the river channel","docAbstract":"Among the rivers studied by us two broad types may be distinguished. Channels in the semi-arid areas scour at high discharges so that the bed lowers nearly as much as the water surface rises. Detailed data on the middle reaches of the Rio Grande in New Mexico during the spring floods of 1948 and 1952 indicate that the bed aggrades to nearly its pre-flood level as the flood recedes. Channel banks may move rapidly by undercutting during periods of scour and levees are liable to failure not from overtopping but by undercutting.
In Connecticut, a sub-humid area, the repetitive processes of scour and fill in the semi-arid region were not demonstrated by the great floods of 1955. In a few reaches fresh sand was deposited over gravel beds subsequently to be removed by lower flows. Boulders four to six feet in diameter were moved in places over undisturbed beds of one-inch gravel. Channel widening occurred primarily in rivers in narrow valleys which confined the flow within the channel. Scour and deposition on flood plains adjacent to the rivers was irregular. Most deposits could be traced to local sources. In general, flood waters modified but did not vastly alter the prevailing configuration of the channel and structure of the flood plain.
","conferenceTitle":"Symposium Darcy: Floods","conferenceDate":"September 20-26, 1956","conferenceLocation":"Dijon, France","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Wolman, M.G., 1956, Floods in relation to the river channel: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, p. 85-98.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/Publications-News/","text":"Publisher's Website","linkHelpText":"Back issues of this publication are available using the search function"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolman, M. Gordon","contributorId":85163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}