{"pageNumber":"694","pageRowStart":"17325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46666,"records":[{"id":70034450,"text":"70034450 - 2011 - Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: HiRISE observations and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T10:46:33","indexId":"70034450","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: HiRISE observations and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results","docAbstract":"The High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been used to observe Phobos and Deimos at spatial scales of around 6 and 20 m/px, respectively. HiRISE (McEwen et al.; JGR, 112, CiteID E05S02, DOI: 10.1029/2005JE002605, 2007) has provided, for the first time, high-resolution colour images of the surfaces of the Martian moons. When processed, by the production of colour ratio images for example, the data show considerable small-scale heterogeneity, which might be attributable to fresh impacts exposing different materials otherwise largely hidden by a homogenous regolith. The bluer material that is draped over the south-eastern rim of the largest crater on Phobos, Stickney, has been perforated by an impact to reveal redder material and must therefore be relatively thin. A fresh impact with dark crater rays has been identified. Previously identified mass-wasting features in Stickney and Limtoc craters stand out strongly in colour. The interior deposits in Stickney appear more inhomogeneous than previously suspected. Several other local colour variations are also evident. Deimos is more uniform in colour but does show some small-scale inhomogeneity. The bright streamers (Thomas et al.; Icarus, 123, 536556,1996) are relatively blue. One crater to the south-west of Voltaire and its surroundings appear quite strongly reddened with respect to the rest of the surface. The reddening of the surroundings may be the result of ejecta from this impact. The spectral gradients at optical wavths observed for both Phobos and Deimos are quantitatively in good agreement with those found by unresolved photometric observations made by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP; Thomas et al.; JGR, 104, 90559068, 1999). The spectral gradients of the blue and red units on Phobos bracket the results from IMP.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.018","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Thomas, N., Stelter, R., Ivanov, A., Bridges, N., Herkenhoff, K.E., and McEwen, A.S., 2011, Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: HiRISE observations and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results: Planetary and Space Science, v. 59, no. 13, p. 1281-1292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.018.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1292","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/170813","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"59","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953fe4b08c986b31ae19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelter, R.","contributorId":48001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelter","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivanov, A.","contributorId":8270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70034235,"text":"70034235 - 2011 - Habitat use of nesting and brood-rearing King Rails in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T10:07:43","indexId":"70034235","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use of nesting and brood-rearing King Rails in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys","docAbstract":"Most studies of King Rail (Rallus elegans) have investigated habitat use during the nesting season, while few comparisons have been made between the nesting and brood-rearing seasons. King Rails were located during the nesting season in Missouri using repeated surveys with call playback, and systematic searches for broods were conducted during the brood-rearing season. King Rail adults were located at twelve points in 2006 and 14 points in 2007, and five King Rail broods were located in each year. Water depth was measured and dominant cover type determined for randomly sampled 5-m plots within used and unused habitats. Logistic regression models were fitted to the data and top models were selected from the candidate set using AICc. Nesting adults occurred more often in areas dominated by short (≤1 m) emergent vegetation (![\"\"](\"http://www.bioone.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/bioone/journals/content/cowa/2011/063.034.0200/063.034.0204/production/images/medium/fi01_160.gif\")
= 0.77 ± 0.27) and deeper water ( = 0.05 ± 0.02). Broods occurred more often in areas dominated by short emergent vegetation ( = 1.19 ± 0.37) and shallow water ( = -0.17 ± 0.06), and avoided areas dominated by tall (>1 m) emergent vegetation ( =-1.15 ± 0.45). A modified catch-curve analysis was used to estimate chick daily survival rates during selected 7-day periods for each year. Daily survival rate ranged from 0.92 ± 0.008 in late June 2007 to 0.96 ± 0.005 in late July 2006. Management plans for King Rails should include the different habitat types needed during the nesting and brood-rearing stages.
","largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","language":"English","doi":"10.1675/063.034.0204","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Darrah, A., and Krementz, D., 2011, Habitat use of nesting and brood-rearing King Rails in the Illinois and Upper Mississippi River Valleys: Waterbirds, v. 34, no. 2, p. 160-167, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.034.0204.","startPage":"160","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.034.0204"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f47e4b0c8380cd5cc46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darrah, A.J.","contributorId":57691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darrah","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034241,"text":"70034241 - 2011 - Widespread inclination shallowing in Permian and Triassic paleomagnetic data from Laurentia: Support from new paleomagnetic data from Middle Permian shallow intrusions in southern Illinois (USA) and virtual geomagnetic pole distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70034241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread inclination shallowing in Permian and Triassic paleomagnetic data from Laurentia: Support from new paleomagnetic data from Middle Permian shallow intrusions in southern Illinois (USA) and virtual geomagnetic pole distributions","docAbstract":"Recent paleomagnetic work has highlighted a common and shallow inclination bias in continental redbeds. The Permian and Triassic paleomagnetic records from Laurentia are almost entirely derived from such sedimentary rocks, so a pervasive inclination error will expectedly bias the apparent polar wander path of Laurentia in a significant way. The long-standing discrepancy between the apparent polar wander paths of Laurentia and Gondwana in Permian and Triassic time may be a consequence of such a widespread data-pathology. Here we present new Middle Permian paleomagnetic data from igneous rocks and a contact metamorphosed limestone from cratonic Laurentia. The exclusively reversed Middle Permian magnetization is hosted by low-Ti titanomagnetite and pyrrhotite and yields a paleomagnetic pole at 56.3??S, 302.9??E (A95=3.8, N=6). This pole, which is unaffected by inclination shallowing, suggests that a shallow inclination bias may indeed be present in the Laurentian records. To further consider this hypothesis, we conduct a virtual geomagnetic pole distribution analysis, comparing theoretical expectations of a statistical field model (TK03.GAD) against published data-sets. This exercise provides independent evidence that the Laurentian paleomagnetic data is widely biased, likely because of sedimentary inclination shallowing. We estimate the magnitude of this error from our model results and present and discuss several alternative corrections. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.016","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Domeier, M., Van Der Voo, R., and Denny, F., 2011, Widespread inclination shallowing in Permian and Triassic paleomagnetic data from Laurentia: Support from new paleomagnetic data from Middle Permian shallow intrusions in southern Illinois (USA) and virtual geomagnetic pole distributions: Tectonophysics, v. 511, no. 1-2, p. 38-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.016.","startPage":"38","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216520,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.016"},{"id":244397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"511","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0b2e4b08c986b32efe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domeier, M.","contributorId":78170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domeier","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Der Voo, R.","contributorId":61959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Voo","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denny, F.B.","contributorId":53546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033789,"text":"70033789 - 2011 - Decision analysis for conservation breeding: Maximizing production for reintroduction of whooping cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:43:40","indexId":"70033789","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decision analysis for conservation breeding: Maximizing production for reintroduction of whooping cranes","docAbstract":"Captive breeding is key to management of severely endangered species, but maximizing captive production can be challenging because of poor knowledge of species breeding biology and the complexity of evaluating different management options. In the face of uncertainty and complexity, decision-analytic approaches can be used to identify optimal management options for maximizing captive production. Building decision-analytic models requires iterations of model conception, data analysis, model building and evaluation, identification of remaining uncertainty, further research and monitoring to reduce uncertainty, and integration of new data into the model. We initiated such a process to maximize captive production of the whooping crane (Grus americana), the world's most endangered crane, which is managed through captive breeding and reintroduction. We collected 15 years of captive breeding data from 3 institutions and used Bayesian analysis and model selection to identify predictors of whooping crane hatching success. The strongest predictor, and that with clear management relevance, was incubation environment. The incubation period of whooping crane eggs is split across two environments: crane nests and artificial incubators. Although artificial incubators are useful for allowing breeding pairs to produce multiple clutches, our results indicate that crane incubation is most effective at promoting hatching success. Hatching probability increased the longer an egg spent in a crane nest, from 40% hatching probability for eggs receiving 1 day of crane incubation to 95% for those receiving 30 days (time incubated in each environment varied independently of total incubation period). Because birds will lay fewer eggs when they are incubating longer, a tradeoff exists between the number of clutches produced and egg hatching probability. We developed a decision-analytic model that estimated 16 to be the optimal number of days of crane incubation needed to maximize the number of offspring produced. These results show that using decision-analytic tools to account for uncertainty in captive breeding can improve the rate at which such programs contribute to wildlife reintroductions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.88","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Converse, S.J., Gibson, K., Moehrenschlager, A., Link, W., Olsen, G.H., and Maguire, K., 2011, Decision analysis for conservation breeding: Maximizing production for reintroduction of whooping cranes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 3, p. 501-508, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.88.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"508","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214112,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.88"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe05e4b0c8380cd4ea91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Des","contributorId":98163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Des","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibson, Keith","contributorId":65320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Keith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moehrenschlager, Axel","contributorId":32770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"Axel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":145491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":442486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maguire, Kelly","contributorId":173722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maguire","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70034479,"text":"70034479 - 2011 - On the use of log-transformation vs. nonlinear regression for analyzing biological power laws","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T20:46:04.466829","indexId":"70034479","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of log-transformation vs. nonlinear regression for analyzing biological power laws","docAbstract":"Power‐law relationships are among the most well‐studied functional relationships in biology. Recently the common practice of fitting power laws using linear regression (LR) on log‐transformed data has been criticized, calling into question the conclusions of hundreds of studies. It has been suggested that nonlinear regression (NLR) is preferable, but no rigorous comparison of these two methods has been conducted. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the error distribution determines which method performs better, with NLR better characterizing data with additive, homoscedastic, normal error and LR better characterizing data with multiplicative, heteroscedastic, lognormal error. Analysis of 471 biological power laws shows that both forms of error occur in nature. While previous analyses based on log‐transformation appear to be generally valid, future analyses should choose methods based on a combination of biological plausibility and analysis of the error distribution. We provide detailed guidelines and associated computer code for doing so, including a model averaging approach for cases where the error structure is uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-0538.1","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Xiao, X., White, E., Hooten, M., and Durham, S., 2011, On the use of log-transformation vs. nonlinear regression for analyzing biological power laws: Ecology, v. 92, no. 10, p. 1887-1894, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0538.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1887","endPage":"1894","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489034,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.26076/c731-dd92","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0538.1"}],"volume":"92","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e0be4b0c8380cd75470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xiao, X.","contributorId":82869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, E.P.","contributorId":69384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, S.L.","contributorId":94520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033820,"text":"70033820 - 2011 - Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:24:17","indexId":"70033820","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal","docAbstract":"Drought is a recurring phenomenon in the American Southwest. Since the frequency and severity of hydrologic droughts and other hydroclimatic events are of critical importance to the ecology and rapidly growing human population of this region, knowledge of long-term natural hydroclimatic variability is valuable for resource managers and policy-makers. An October–June precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 824–2007 was developed from multi-century tree-ring records of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pinus strobiformis (Southwestern white pine) and Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) for the Jemez Mountains in Northern New Mexico. Calibration and verification statistics for the period 1896–2007 show a high level of skill, and account for a significant portion of the observed variance (>50%) irrespective of which period is used to develop or verify the regression model. Split-sample validation supports our use of a reconstruction model based on the full period of reliable observational data (1896–2007). A recent segment of the reconstruction (2000–2006) emerges as the driest 7-year period sensed by the trees in the entire record. That this period was only moderately dry in precipitation anomaly likely indicates accentuated stress from other factors, such as warmer temperatures. Correlation field maps of actual and reconstructed October–June total precipitation, sea surface temperatures and 500-mb geopotential heights show characteristics that are similar to those indicative of El Niño–Southern Oscillation patterns, particularly with regard to ocean and atmospheric conditions in the equatorial and north Pacific. Our 1184-year reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability provides long-term perspective on current and 20th century wet and dry events in Northern New Mexico, is useful to guide expectations of future variability, aids sustainable water management, provides scenarios for drought planning and as inputs for hydrologic models under a broader range of conditions than those provided by historical climate records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/joc.2117","usgsCitation":"Touchan, R., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., and Allen, C.D., 2011, Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal: International Journal of Climatology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 896-906, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2117.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"896","endPage":"906","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mounains","volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a572ee4b0c8380cd6daec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Touchan, Ramzi","contributorId":77863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Touchan","given":"Ramzi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034487,"text":"70034487 - 2011 - Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3): North polar region (MC-1) distribution, applications, and volume estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-19T19:46:43.827574","indexId":"70034487","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3): North polar region (MC-1) distribution, applications, and volume estimates","docAbstract":"The Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3) now extends from 90°N to 65°S. The recently released north polar portion (MC‐1) of MGD3 adds ~844 000 km2 of moderate‐ to large‐size dark dunes to the previously released equatorial portion (MC‐2 to MC‐29) of the database. The database, available in GIS‐ and tabular‐format in USGS Open‐File Reports, makes it possible to examine global dune distribution patterns and to compare dunes with other global data sets (e.g. atmospheric models). MGD3 can also be used by researchers to identify areas suitable for more focused studies. The utility of MGD3 is demonstrated through three example applications. First, the uneven geographic distribution of the dunes is discussed and described. Second, dune‐derived wind direction and its role as ground truth for atmospheric models is reviewed. Comparisons between dune‐derived winds and global and mesoscale atmospheric models suggest that local topography may have an important influence on dune‐forming winds. Third, the methods used here to estimate north polar dune volume are presented and these methods and estimates (1130 km3 to 3250 km3) are compared with those of previous researchers (1158 km3 to 15 000 km3). In the near future, MGD3 will be extended to include the south polar region.
Time–exposure intensity (averaged) images are commonly used to locate the nearshore sandbar position (xb), based on the cross-shore locations of maximum pixel intensity (xi) of the bright bands in the images. It is not known, however, how the breaking patterns seen in Variance images (i.e. those created through standard deviation of pixel intensity over time) are related to the sandbar locations. We investigated the suitability of both Time–exposure and Variance images for sandbar detection within a multiple bar system on the southern coast of Brazil, and verified the relation between wave breaking patterns, observed as bands of high intensity in these images and cross-shore profiles of modeled wave energy dissipation (xD). Not only is Time–exposure maximum pixel intensity location (xi-Ti) well related to xb, but also to the maximum pixel intensity location of Variance images (xi-Va), although the latter was typically located 15 m offshore of the former. In addition, xi-Va was observed to be better associated with xD even though xi-Ti is commonly assumed as maximum wave energy dissipation. Significant wave height (Hs) and water level (η) were observed to affect the two types of images in a similar way, with an increase in both Hs and η resulting in xi shifting offshore. This η-induced xi variability has an opposite behavior to what is described in the literature, and is likely an indirect effect of higher waves breaking farther offshore during periods of storm surges. Multiple regression models performed on xi, Hs and η allowed the reduction of the residual errors between xb and xi, yielding accurate estimates with most residuals less than 10 m. Additionally, it was found that the sandbar position was best estimated using xi-Ti (xi-Va) when xb was located shoreward (seaward) of its mean position, for both the first and the second bar. Although it is unknown whether this is an indirect hydrodynamic effect or is indeed related to the morphology, we found that this behavior can be explored to optimize sandbar estimation using video imagery, even in the absence of hydrodynamic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.015","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Guedes, R., Calliari, L., Holland, K.T., Plant, N., Pereira, P., and Alves, F., 2011, Short-term sandbar variability based on video imagery: Comparison between Time-Average and Time-Variance techniques: Marine Geology, v. 289, no. 1-4, p. 122-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.015.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.015"}],"volume":"289","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ec6e4b08c986b318b36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guedes, R.M.C.","contributorId":87775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guedes","given":"R.M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calliari, L.J.","contributorId":80509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calliari","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, K. T.","contributorId":61013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, N.G.","contributorId":94023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pereira, P.S.","contributorId":74981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alves, F.N.A.","contributorId":59649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alves","given":"F.N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033848,"text":"70033848 - 2011 - Cumulative effects of restoration efforts on ecological characteristics of an open water area within the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:30","indexId":"70033848","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cumulative effects of restoration efforts on ecological characteristics of an open water area within the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Ecological restoration efforts in large rivers generally aim to ameliorate ecological effects associated with large-scale modification of those rivers. This study examined whether the effects of restoration efforts-specifically those of island construction-within a largely open water restoration area of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) might be seen at the spatial scale of that 3476ha area. The cumulative effects of island construction, when observed over multiple years, were postulated to have made the restoration area increasingly similar to a positive reference area (a proximate area comprising contiguous backwater areas) and increasingly different from two negative reference areas. The negative reference areas represented the Mississippi River main channel in an area proximate to the restoration area and an open water area in a related Mississippi River reach that has seen relatively little restoration effort. Inferences on the effects of restoration were made by comparing constrained and unconstrained models of summer chlorophyll a (CHL), summer inorganic suspended solids (ISS) and counts of benthic mayfly larvae. Constrained models forced trends in means or in both means and sampling variances to become, over time, increasingly similar to those in the positive reference area and increasingly dissimilar to those in the negative reference areas. Trends were estimated over 12- (mayflies) or 14-year sampling periods, and were evaluated using model information criteria. Based on these methods, restoration effects were observed for CHL and mayflies while evidence in favour of restoration effects on ISS was equivocal. These findings suggest that the cumulative effects of island building at relatively large spatial scales within large rivers may be estimated using data from large-scale surveillance monitoring programs. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.1375","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Gray, B., Shi, W., Houser, J., Rogala, J.T., Guan, Z., and Cochran-Biederman, J.L., 2011, Cumulative effects of restoration efforts on ecological characteristics of an open water area within the Upper Mississippi River: River Research and Applications, v. 27, no. 5, p. 537-549, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1375.","startPage":"537","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214533,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1375"},{"id":242268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd0ae4b0c8380cd4e5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, B. R. 0000-0001-7682-9550","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":14785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shi, W.","contributorId":6274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rogala, J. T.","contributorId":28572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guan, Z.","contributorId":86188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cochran-Biederman, J. L.","contributorId":46318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran-Biederman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70033849,"text":"70033849 - 2011 - Modifications to existing ground-motion prediction equations in light of new data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T12:06:31.055778","indexId":"70033849","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modifications to existing ground-motion prediction equations in light of new data","docAbstract":"We compare our recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for western North America (WNA; Boore and Atkinson, 2008 [BA08]) and eastern North America (ENA; Atkinson and Boore, 2006 [AB06]; Atkinson, 2008 [A08]) to newly available ground-motion data. Based on these comparisons, we suggest revisions to our GMPEs for both WNA and ENA. The revisions for WNA affect only those events with M ≤ 5:75, while those for ENA affect all magnitudes. These are simple modi[1]fications to the existing GMPEs that bring them into significantly better agreement with data. The wealth of new data clearly demonstrates that these modifications are warranted; we therefore recommend the use of the updated equations for seismic hazard analyses and other applications. More detailed studies are under way by many investigators (including ourselves) to develop a new generation of ground-motion models in both WNA and ENA from scratch, through a comprehensive reevaluation of source, path, site, and modeling issues. In time, those more complete models will replace those proposed in this study. However, as the new models will be several years in development, we recommend using the modified models proposed herein, labeled BA08′ (for WNA), AB06′ (for ENA), and A08′ (for ENA, to replace A08), as interim updates to our existing models. The proposed models are in demonstrable agreement with a rich database of ground motions for moderate-magnitude earthquakes in both WNA and ENA and are constrained at larger magnitudes by the BA08 magnitude and distance scaling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120100270","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D., 2011, Modifications to existing ground-motion prediction equations in light of new data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 101, no. 3, p. 1121-1135, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100270.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1121","endPage":"1135","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cbae4b0c8380cd6fede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, G. M.","contributorId":69283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033851,"text":"70033851 - 2011 - Study on a pattern classification method of soil quality based on simplified learning sample dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T16:27:22.871121","indexId":"70033851","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Study on a pattern classification method of soil quality based on simplified learning sample dataset","docAbstract":"Based on the massive soil information in current soil quality grade evaluation, this paper constructed an intelligent classification approach of soil quality grade depending on classical sampling techniques and disordered multiclassification Logistic regression model. As a case study to determine the learning sample capacity under certain confidence level and estimation accuracy, and use c-means algorithm to automatically extract the simplified learning sample dataset from the cultivated soil quality grade evaluation database for the study area, Long chuan county in Guangdong province, a disordered Logistic classifier model was then built and the calculation analysis steps of soil quality grade intelligent classification were given. The result indicated that the soil quality grade can be effectively learned and predicted by the extracted simplified dataset through this method, which changed the traditional method for soil quality grade evaluation. ?? 2011 IEEE.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, ICICTA 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2011 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, ICICTA 2011","conferenceDate":"Mar 28-29, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Shenzhen, China","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/ICICTA.2011.339","usgsCitation":"Zhang, J., Liu, S., Hu, Y., and Tian, Y., 2011, Study on a pattern classification method of soil quality based on simplified learning sample dataset, in Proceedings - 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, ICICTA 2011, v. 2, Shenzhen, China, Mar 28-29, 2011, p. 194-197, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICTA.2011.339.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9cdde4b08c986b31d4f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hu, Y.","contributorId":68474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tian, Y.","contributorId":66886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70033852,"text":"70033852 - 2011 - Developing effective sampling designs for monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks: an example using simulations and vegetation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-06T14:53:45","indexId":"70033852","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing effective sampling designs for monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks: an example using simulations and vegetation data","docAbstract":"Monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks is challenging because of their remoteness, limited accessibility, and high sampling costs. We describe an iterative, three-phased process for developing sampling designs based on our efforts to establish a vegetation monitoring program in southwest Alaska. In the first phase, we defined a sampling frame based on land ownership and specific vegetated habitats within the park boundaries and used Path Distance analysis tools to create a GIS layer that delineated portions of each park that could be feasibly accessed for ground sampling. In the second phase, we used simulations based on landcover maps to identify size and configuration of the ground sampling units (single plots or grids of plots) and to refine areas to be potentially sampled. In the third phase, we used a second set of simulations to estimate sample size and sampling frequency required to have a reasonable chance of detecting a minimum trend in vegetation cover for a specified time period and level of statistical confidence. Results of the first set of simulations indicated that a spatially balanced random sample of single plots from the most common landcover types yielded the most efficient sampling scheme. Results of the second set of simulations were compared with field data and indicated that we should be able to detect at least a 25% change in vegetation attributes over 31. years by sampling 8 or more plots per year every five years in focal landcover types. This approach would be especially useful in situations where ground sampling is restricted by access.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.032","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Thompson, W.L., Miller, A.E., Mortenson, D.C., and Woodward, A., 2011, Developing effective sampling designs for monitoring natural resources in Alaskan national parks: an example using simulations and vegetation data: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 5, p. 1270-1277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.032.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1270","endPage":"1277","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214116,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.032"},{"id":241808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alagnak Wild River;Aniakchak National Monument And Preserve;Katmai National Park And Preserve;Kenai Fjords National Park;Lake Clark National Park And Preserve;Southwest Alaska Network","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162.93,56.49 ], [ -162.93,62.09 ], [ -145.44,62.09 ], [ -145.44,56.49 ], [ -162.93,56.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"144","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000fe4b0c8380cd4f579","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, William L.","contributorId":6269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Amy E.","contributorId":101468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mortenson, Dorothy C.","contributorId":66075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortenson","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70034650,"text":"70034650 - 2011 - Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T16:45:27.655447","indexId":"70034650","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"We used roadside survey data collected from 19 routes over three consecutive winters from 2007–08 to 2009–10 to compare habitat associations of male and female American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in the Central Valley of California to determine if segregation by sex was evident across this region. As a species, American Kestrels showed positive associations with alfalfa and other forage crops like hay and winter wheat, as well as grassland, irrigated pasture, and rice. Habitat associations of females were similar, with female densities in all these habitats except rice significantly higher than average. Male American Kestrels showed a positive association only with grassland and were present at densities well below those of females in alfalfa, other forage crops, and grassland. Males were present in higher densities than females in most habitats with negative associations for the species, such as orchards, urbanized areas, and oak savannah. The ratio of females to males for each route was positively correlated with the overall density of American Kestrels on that route. Our findings that females seem to occupy higher quality habitats in winter are consistent with observations from elsewhere in North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3356/JRR-10-66.1","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Pandolfino, E., Herzog, M., and Smith, Z., 2011, Sex-related differences in habitat associations of wintering American Kestrels in California's Central Valley: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 45, no. 3, p. 236-243, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-66.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475446,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-10-66.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-66.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.234375,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -121.55273437499999,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 35.782170703266075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dafe4b08c986b3184d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandolfino, E.R.","contributorId":65299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pandolfino","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herzog, M.P.","contributorId":37865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Z.","contributorId":53192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033904,"text":"70033904 - 2011 - Using multi-source satellite data for lake level modelling in ungauged basins: A case study for Lake Turkana, East Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033904","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1929,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multi-source satellite data for lake level modelling in ungauged basins: A case study for Lake Turkana, East Africa","docAbstract":"Managing limited surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where ground-based data are either limited or unavailable. Direct or indirect measurements of surface water resources through remote sensing offer several advantages of monitoring in ungauged basins. A physical based hydrologic technique to monitor lake water levels in ungauged basins using multi-source satellite data such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, modelled runoff, evapotranspiration, a digital elevation model, and other data is presented. This approach is applied to model Lake Turkana water levels from 1998 to 2009. Modelling results showed that the model can reasonably capture all the patterns and seasonal variations of the lake water level fluctuations. A composite lake level product of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and ENVISAT satellite altimetry data is used for model calibration (1998-2000) and model validation (2001-2009). Validation results showed that model-based lake levels are in good agreement with observed satellite altimetry data. Compared to satellite altimetry data, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was found to be 0.81 during the validation period. The model efficiency estimated using NSCE is found to be 0.93, 0.55 and 0.66 for calibration, validation and combined periods, respectively. Further, the model-based estimates showed a root mean square error of 0.62 m and mean absolute error of 0.46 m with a positive mean bias error of 0.36 m for the validation period (2001-2009). These error estimates were found to be less than 15 % of the natural variability of the lake, thus giving high confidence on the modelled lake level estimates. The approach presented in this paper can be used to (a) simulate patterns of lake water level variations in data scarce regions, (b) operationally monitor lake water levels in ungauged basins, (c) derive historical lake level information using satellite rainfall and evapotranspiration data, and (d) augment the information provided by the satellite altimetry systems on changes in lake water levels. ?? Author(s) 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011","issn":"18122108","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Senay, G., and Asante, K., 2011, Using multi-source satellite data for lake level modelling in ungauged basins: A case study for Lake Turkana, East Africa: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, v. 8, no. 3, p. 4851-4890, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011.","startPage":"4851","endPage":"4890","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475384,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214416,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4851-2011"},{"id":242140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc074e4b08c986b32a12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, G.B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":17741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asante, K.O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":17051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033908,"text":"70033908 - 2011 - Developing user-friendly habitat suitability tools from regional stream fish survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T21:47:12","indexId":"70033908","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing user-friendly habitat suitability tools from regional stream fish survey data","docAbstract":"We developed user-friendly fish habitat suitability tools (plots) for fishery managers in Michigan; these tools are based on driving habitat variables and fish population estimates for several hundred stream sites throughout the state. We generated contour plots to show patterns in fish biomass for over 60 common species (and for 120 species grouped at the family level) in relation to axes of catchment area and low-flow yield (90% exceedance flow divided by catchment area) and also in relation to axes of mean and weekly range of July temperatures. The plots showed distinct patterns in fish habitat suitability at each level of biological organization studied and were useful for quantitatively comparing river sites. We demonstrate how these plots can be used to support stream management, and we provide examples pertaining to resource assessment, trout stocking, angling regulations, chemical reclamation of marginal trout streams, indicator species, instream flow protection, and habitat restoration. These straightforward and effective tools are electronically available so that managers can easily access and incorporate them into decision protocols and presentations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.557965","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Zorn, T., Seelbach, P., and Wiley, M., 2011, Developing user-friendly habitat suitability tools from regional stream fish survey data: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 1, p. 41-55, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.557965.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"55","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214479,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.557965"},{"id":242207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0013e4b0c8380cd4f594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zorn, T.G.","contributorId":11316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zorn","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seelbach, P.","contributorId":16667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelbach","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiley, M.J.","contributorId":68976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70033939,"text":"70033939 - 2011 - Development of a depth-integrated sample arm to reduce solids stratification bias in stormwater sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033939","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3711,"text":"Water Environment Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a depth-integrated sample arm to reduce solids stratification bias in stormwater sampling","docAbstract":"A new depth-integrated sample arm (DISA) was developed to improve the representation of solids in stormwater, both organic and inorganic, by collecting a water quality sample from multiple points in the water column. Data from this study demonstrate the idea of vertical stratification of solids in storm sewer runoff. Concentrations of suspended sediment in runoff were statistically greater using a fixed rather than multipoint collection system. Median suspended sediment concentrations measured at the fixed location (near the pipe invert) were approximately double those collected using the DISA. In general, concentrations and size distributions of suspended sediment decreased with increasing vertical distance from the storm sewer invert. Coarser particles tended to dominate the distribution of solids near the storm sewer invert as discharge increased. In contrast to concentration and particle size, organic material, to some extent, was distributed homogenously throughout the water column, likely the result of its low specific density, which allows for thorough mixing in less turbulent water. ?? 2010 Publishing Technology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Environment Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2175/106143010X12851009156006","issn":"10614303","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W., and Bannerman, R., 2011, Development of a depth-integrated sample arm to reduce solids stratification bias in stormwater sampling: Water Environment Research, v. 83, no. 4, p. 347-357, https://doi.org/10.2175/106143010X12851009156006.","startPage":"347","endPage":"357","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214448,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143010X12851009156006"},{"id":242176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0038e4b0c8380cd4f64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, W.R.","contributorId":102106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bannerman, R.T.","contributorId":92304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bannerman","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034256,"text":"70034256 - 2011 - Verifying a computational method for predicting extreme ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:06:40","indexId":"70034256","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Verifying a computational method for predicting extreme ground motion","docAbstract":"In situations where seismological data is rare or nonexistent, computer simulations may be used to predict ground motions caused by future earthquakes. This is particularly practical in the case of extreme ground motions, where engineers of special buildings may need to design for an event that has not been historically observed but which may occur in the far-distant future. Once the simulations have been performed, however, they still need to be tested. The SCEC-USGS dynamic rupture code verification exercise provides a testing mechanism for simulations that involve spontaneous earthquake rupture. We have performed this examination for the specific computer code that was used to predict maximum possible ground motion near Yucca Mountain. Our SCEC-USGS group exercises have demonstrated that the specific computer code that was used for the Yucca Mountain simulations produces similar results to those produced by other computer codes when tackling the same science problem. We also found that the 3D ground motion simulations produced smaller ground motions than the 2D simulations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.5.638","issn":"08950695","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Barall, M., Andrews, D., Duan, B., Ma, S., Dunham, E., Gabriel, A., Kaneko, Y., Kase, Y., Aagaard, B.T., Oglesby, D., Ampuero, J., Hanks, T.C., and Abrahamson, N., 2011, Verifying a computational method for predicting extreme ground motion: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 5, p. 638-644, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.5.638.","startPage":"638","endPage":"644","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475234,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111004-120309692","text":"External Repository"},{"id":244618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.5.638"}],"volume":"82","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc223e4b08c986b32a94c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R.A. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":41849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barall, M.","contributorId":93687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barall","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duan, B.","contributorId":98140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ma, S.","contributorId":59189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunham, E.M.","contributorId":101951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gabriel, A.-A.","contributorId":94558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabriel","given":"A.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaneko, Y.","contributorId":44007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaneko","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kase, Y.","contributorId":90134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kase","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":444934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oglesby, D. D.","contributorId":23315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ampuero, J.-P.","contributorId":28801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ampuero","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Abrahamson, N.","contributorId":60358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70033944,"text":"70033944 - 2011 - Survival of white-tailed deer neonates in Minnesota and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T12:34:44","indexId":"70033944","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of white-tailed deer neonates in Minnesota and South Dakota","docAbstract":"Understanding the influence of intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass, and sex) and habitat factors on survival of neonate white-tailed deer improves understanding of population ecology. During 2002–2004, we captured and radiocollared 78 neonates in eastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota, of which 16 died before 1 September. Predation accounted for 80% of mortality; the remaining 20% was attributed to starvation. Canids (coyotes [Canis latrans], domestic dogs) accounted for 100% of predation on neonates. We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate survival rates and investigate the influence of intrinsic and habitat variables on survival. We developed 2 a priori model sets, including intrinsic variables (model set 1) and habitat variables (model set 2; forested cover, wetlands, grasslands, and croplands). For model set 1, model {Sage-interval} had the lowest AICc (Akaike's information criterion for small sample size) value, indicating that age at mortality (3-stage age-interval: 0–2 weeks, 2–8 weeks, and >8 weeks) best explained survival. Model set 2 indicated that habitat variables did not further influence survival in the study area; β-estimates and 95% confidence intervals for habitat variables in competing models encompassed zero; thus, we excluded these models from consideration. Overall survival rate using model {Sage-interval} was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.83–0.91); 61% of mortalities occurred at 0–2 weeks of age, 26% at 2–8 weeks of age, and 13% at >8 weeks of age. Our results indicate that variables influencing survival may be area specific. Region-specific data are needed to determine influences of intrinsic and habitat variables on neonate survival before wildlife managers can determine which habitat management activities influence neonate populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.20","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Grovenburg, T., Swanson, C.C., Jacques, C., Klaver, R., Brinkman, T., Burris, B., Deperno, C., and Jenks, J., 2011, Survival of white-tailed deer neonates in Minnesota and South Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 1, p. 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.20.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.20"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2e2e4b08c986b31fa24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grovenburg, T.W.","contributorId":78163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, C. C.","contributorId":34238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacques, C.N.","contributorId":19378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacques","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, R. W. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":50267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brinkman, T.J.","contributorId":69789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burris, B.M.","contributorId":62423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burris","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deperno, C.S.","contributorId":97870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deperno","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70190329,"text":"70190329 - 2011 - Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T10:47:12","indexId":"70190329","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","docAbstract":"This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007387","usgsCitation":"Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J., and Kumar, N., 2011, Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C12, Article C12014; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007387.","productDescription":"Article C12014; 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023116","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4991","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"C12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da31e4b077f005673229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olabarrieta, Maitane 0000-0002-7619-7992 molabarrieta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7992","contributorId":81631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olabarrieta","given":"Maitane","email":"molabarrieta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Nirnimesh","contributorId":102308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Nirnimesh","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70034576,"text":"70034576 - 2011 - Sea surface temperatures of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period: A comparison of PRISM3 and HadCM3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-04T17:21:18.043634","indexId":"70034576","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea surface temperatures of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period: A comparison of PRISM3 and HadCM3","docAbstract":"It is essential to document how well the current generation of climate models performs in simulating past climates to have confidence in their ability to project future conditions. We present the first global, in-depth comparison of Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from a coupled ocean–atmosphere climate model experiment and a SST reconstruction based on proxy data. This enables the identification of areas in which both the climate model and the proxy dataset require improvement.
In general, the fit between model-produced SST anomalies and those formed from the available data is very good. We focus our discussion on three regions where the data–model anomaly exceeds 2 °C. 1) In the high latitude North Pacific, a systematic model error may result in anomalies that are too cold. Also, the deeper Pliocene thermocline may cause disagreement along the California margin; either the upwelling in the model is too strong or the modeled thermocline is not deep enough. 2) In the North Atlantic, the model predicts cooling in the center of a data-based warming trend that steadily increases with latitude from + 1.5 °C to >+ 6 °C. The discrepancy may arise because the modeled North Atlantic Current is too zonal compared to reality, which is reinforced by the lowering of the altitude of the Pliocene Western Cordillera Mountains. In addition, the model's use of modern bathymetry in the higher latitudes may have led the model to underestimate the northward penetration of warmer surface water into the Arctic. 3) Finally, though the data and model show good general agreement across most of the Southern Ocean, a few locations show offsets due to the modern land–sea mask used in the model.
Additional considerations could account for many of the modest data–model anomalies, such as differences between calibration climatologies, the oversimplification of the seasonal cycle, and differences between SST proxies (i.e. seasonality and water depth). New SST estimates from data-sparse and regionally important areas will greatly enhance our ability to judge model performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.016","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H.J., Haywood, A., Valdes, P., Robinson, M.M., Lunt, D., Hill, D., Stoll, D., and Foley, K.M., 2011, Sea surface temperatures of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period: A comparison of PRISM3 and HadCM3: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 309, no. 1-2, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/14869/1/Piacenzian.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":243628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87f9e4b08c986b316753","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097 mmrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":2082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci","email":"mmrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lunt, D.J.","contributorId":105127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hill, D.J.","contributorId":102291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stoll, D.K.","contributorId":66088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoll","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70192767,"text":"70192767 - 2011 - Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:46:06.73634","indexId":"70192767","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"10","title":"Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas","docAbstract":"The Wilcox Group of central Texas contains shallow (less than 500 ft) coal deposits that are mined for use in mine-mouth electric power generating plants. These coal deposits range in apparent rank from lignite to sub-bituminous (Pierce et al., 2011) and are similar in rank and composition to shallow coal deposits in the northeast and south Texas areas (Figure 1). The coal zones and associated strata in the central Texas assessment area generally dip to the southeast toward the Gulf of Mexico coastline and basin center. The central Texas resource assessment area includes parts of eight counties (Figure 2). The assessment area was selected to encompass current mining areas and areas with available subsurface stratigraphic data. The assessment area is roughly 160 miles long and 5 to 25 miles wide and generally follows the outcrop of the Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Group in central Texas (Figures 1, 2). Approximately 1800 subsurface stratigraphic records from rotary and core drill holes were used to assess the resources of the central Texas assessment area. Of the 1800 drill holes, only 167 are public data points and are primarily located in the areas that have been permitted for surface mining (Figure 2; Appendix 1). The remaining 1632 drill holes, which are distributed throughout the assessment area, were provided to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on a confidential basis by various coal companies for use in regional studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Aubourg, C.E., Suitt, S.E., Podwysocki, S.M., and Schultz, A.C., 2011, Coal resources for part of the Wilcox group (Paleocene through Eocene), central Texas, chap. 10 of Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 192-259.","productDescription":"68 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-020041","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/discovery14/data/001/001001/192_aapg-sp0010192.htm"},{"id":350916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743587e4b0a9a2e9e25cbe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726436,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aubourg, Claire E.","contributorId":87192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubourg","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suitt, Stephen E. ssuitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suitt","given":"Stephen","email":"ssuitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Podwysocki, Steven M.","contributorId":90352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, Adam C.","contributorId":82752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157342,"text":"70157342 - 2011 - Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T15:12:58.978676","indexId":"70157342","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides much of the fresh drinking water to more than 1.5 billion people in the world (Clarke et al., 1996) and in the United States more that 50 percent of citizens rely on groundwater for drinking water (Solley et al., 1998). As aquifer systems are developed for water supply, the hydrologic system is changed. Water pumped from the aquifer system initially can come from some combination of inducing more recharge, water permanently removed from storage, and decreased groundwater discharge. Once a new equilibrium is achieved, all of the pumpage must come from induced recharge and decreased discharge (Alley et al., 1999). Further development of groundwater resources may result in reductions of surface water runoff and base flows. Competing demands for groundwater resources require good management. Adequate data to characterize the aquifers and confining units of the system, like hydrologic boundaries, groundwater levels, streamflow, and groundwater pumping and climatic data for recharge estimation are to be collected in order to quantify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands, streams, and lakes. Once collected, three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow models can be developed and calibrated and used as a tool for groundwater management. The main hydraulic parameters that comprise a regional or subregional model of an aquifer system are the hydraulic conductivity and storage properties of the aquifers and confining units (hydrogeologic units) that confine the system. Many 3D groundwater flow models used to help assess groundwater/surface-water interactions require calculating ?effective? or composite hydraulic properties of multilayered lithologic units within a hydrogeologic unit. The calculation of composite hydraulic properties stems from the need to characterize groundwater flow using coarse model layering in order to reduce simulation times while still representing the flow through the system accurately. The accuracy of flow models with simplified layering and hydraulic properties will depend on the effectiveness of the methods used to determine composite hydraulic properties from a number of lithologic units.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","publisherLocation":"Rijeka, Croatia","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Sepulveda, N., 2011, Effects of model layer simplification using composite hydraulic properties, chap. of Hydraulic conductivity: Issues, determination and applications, p. 357-376.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"376","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028745","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Carrot Barn, Lyonia Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.23225660155306,\n 28.919427450635567\n ],\n [\n -81.21920467498236,\n 28.91972809123301\n ],\n [\n -81.21920467498236,\n 28.923260552970703\n ],\n [\n -81.21542648571189,\n 28.923335710424027\n ],\n [\n -81.21516888189805,\n 28.93678801682401\n ],\n [\n -81.22169484518305,\n 28.941221634697442\n ],\n [\n -81.2226393925007,\n 28.940169606944323\n ],\n [\n -81.223154600129,\n 28.93814066611415\n ],\n [\n -81.21954814673397,\n 28.93663772136908\n ],\n [\n -81.21971988261006,\n 28.930851180607306\n ],\n [\n -81.21843186354025,\n 28.926417119092577\n ],\n [\n -81.22246765662523,\n 28.926266808599053\n ],\n [\n -81.22341220394286,\n 28.93130209149355\n ],\n [\n -81.22916535578634,\n 28.93122693981512\n ],\n [\n -81.22916535578634,\n 28.934308113938243\n ],\n [\n -81.23225660155306,\n 28.934308113938243\n ],\n [\n -81.23225660155306,\n 28.919427450635567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.82959621185852,\n 28.89028677554286\n ],\n [\n -81.82427239970433,\n 28.8860765335957\n ],\n [\n -81.82083768218538,\n 28.88637727082414\n ],\n [\n -81.80675534035876,\n 28.88051273778349\n ],\n [\n -81.80469450984735,\n 28.880813491122524\n ],\n [\n -81.80246194346053,\n 28.87976085062533\n ],\n [\n -81.79885549006615,\n 28.88096386746578\n ],\n [\n -81.79902722594161,\n 28.88487357597201\n ],\n [\n -81.79696639543091,\n 28.88622690231908\n ],\n [\n -81.79215779090438,\n 28.88592616465465\n ],\n [\n -81.78958175276537,\n 28.88637727082414\n ],\n [\n -81.79112737564903,\n 28.889234231059646\n ],\n [\n -81.78082322309287,\n 28.892091112691418\n ],\n [\n -81.77979280783688,\n 28.898706747288074\n ],\n [\n -81.77395378805501,\n 28.911786420047406\n ],\n [\n -81.77000386290904,\n 28.913440054365907\n ],\n [\n -81.77412552393113,\n 28.92170783053261\n ],\n [\n -81.77824718495384,\n 28.919002085431103\n ],\n [\n -81.7785906567054,\n 28.92185814763512\n ],\n [\n -81.77773197732616,\n 28.923962564188614\n ],\n [\n -81.77807544907773,\n 28.926968799462927\n ],\n [\n -81.78082322309287,\n 28.928922805647417\n ],\n [\n -81.78322752535583,\n 28.935836685638236\n ],\n [\n -81.78649050699862,\n 28.937790524659206\n ],\n [\n -81.79061216802073,\n 28.93929345268525\n ],\n [\n -81.80022937707307,\n 28.939143160863367\n ],\n [\n -81.80040111294919,\n 28.936588166544155\n ],\n [\n -81.80727054798642,\n 28.936137278654726\n ],\n [\n -81.80555318922728,\n 28.921106559944207\n ],\n [\n -81.81053352962924,\n 28.92095624175279\n ],\n [\n -81.80520971747569,\n 28.914191697614882\n ],\n [\n -81.80950311437388,\n 28.914342025611234\n ],\n [\n -81.81104873725756,\n 28.91629626973601\n ],\n [\n -81.81104873725756,\n 28.91794983216012\n ],\n [\n -81.83200051412143,\n 28.91779950939261\n ],\n [\n -81.82684843784337,\n 28.908328735840726\n ],\n [\n -81.82616149433957,\n 28.903668196544515\n ],\n [\n -81.82719190959494,\n 28.900510938096176\n ],\n [\n -81.82650496609116,\n 28.89810534338288\n ],\n [\n -81.82993968361009,\n 28.89524862724943\n ],\n [\n -81.8285657966025,\n 28.893895418483552\n ],\n [\n -81.83165704236923,\n 28.892842910582345\n ],\n [\n -81.82959621185852,\n 28.89028677554286\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35afe4b05d6c4e502c62","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elango, Lakshmanan","contributorId":147284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elango","given":"Lakshmanan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70192698,"text":"70192698 - 2011 - Eocene bituminous coal deposits of the Claiborne group, Webb County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T16:24:07.10198","indexId":"70192698","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5382,"text":"AAPG Studies in Geology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"12","title":"Eocene bituminous coal deposits of the Claiborne group, Webb County, Texas","docAbstract":"Two bituminous coal zones, the San Pedro and the Santo Tomas, in the middle Eocene Claiborne Group of Webb County, south Texas (Figure 1), are among the coal resources that are not evaluated quantitatively as part of the current Gulf Coastal Plain coal resource assessment. Coal beds within these zones were mined by underground methods northwest of Laredo until 1939 and have been intermittently mined at the surface since 1979. These coals have long been regarded as unique within the Gulf Coast Tertiary coal-bearing section because they are high-volatile C bituminous in rank and because their physical characteristics resemble upper Carboniferous cannel coals of the Appalachians and Europe.
Discontinuous exposures of the Santo Tomas and the underlying San Pedro coal zone extend northwestward from Dolores for approximately 15 to 21 mi along the breaks of the Rio Grande and its tributaries in Webb County (Figure 1). This part of south Texas lies along the southwestern flank of the Rio Grande Embayment, which extends south and southeastwardly through the Mexican States of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas (Figure 1). Within the embayment, the lower to middle part of the Claiborne Group consists of marine mudstones (Reklaw Formation) in the east and northeast and sandstones and mudstones (Bigford Formation) in the south and southwest (Figure 2). The marine mudstones coarsen upward into fluvial-deltaic sandstones (Queen City Sand) that prograded gulfward across eastern and central Texas (Guevara and Garcia, 1972). To the west and southwest, the interval overlying the Bigford Formation becomes less sandy, and claystones (El Pico Clay) predominate. Although the San Pedro coal zone has been placed traditionally near the top of the Bigford Formation and the Santo Tomas coal zone near the base of the El Pico Clay, recent work has failed to validate a mappable contact between these formations (Warwick and Hook, 1995). The coal beds dip northeast at less than 2 degrees towards the synclinal axis of the basin.
The following summary is based upon published and unpublished reports; drillhole records (geophysical logs, descriptions of cores and cuttings); coal-quality data obtained from the permit files of the Railroad Commission of Texas and recent sampling by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); a preliminary review of proprietary data acquired recently by the USGS; and field work conducted by the USGS since 1994. A total of approximately 200 drillhole records was examined.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hook, R.W., and Warwick, P.D., 2011, Eocene bituminous coal deposits of the Claiborne group, Webb County, Texas, chap. 12 of Geologic assessment of coal in the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain: AAPG Studies in Geology, v. 62, p. 269-276.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"276","ipdsId":"IP-020059","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350924,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/discovery14/data/001/001001/269_aapg-sp0010269.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Webb County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.2123,28.2002],[-100.1107,28.199],[-100.0008,28.1972],[-99.3901,28.1991],[-99.3882,28.0303],[-98.8025,28.0571],[-98.8,27.3549],[-98.7997,27.2659],[-98.9579,27.2671],[-99.3339,27.2679],[-99.3704,27.3036],[-99.4595,27.2658],[-99.46,27.2658],[-99.4656,27.2668],[-99.4723,27.2659],[-99.4753,27.2636],[-99.4799,27.2599],[-99.4845,27.259],[-99.4858,27.259],[-99.4886,27.2591],[-99.4932,27.2623],[-99.4945,27.2633],[-99.4978,27.266],[-99.4985,27.2675],[-99.4993,27.2693],[-99.4992,27.2739],[-99.4977,27.2794],[-99.4946,27.2863],[-99.4915,27.2923],[-99.492,27.2973],[-99.494,27.3029],[-99.4975,27.3052],[-99.5062,27.3066],[-99.5128,27.3057],[-99.5195,27.3044],[-99.5211,27.3045],[-99.5261,27.3049],[-99.5307,27.3058],[-99.5358,27.3077],[-99.5399,27.3118],[-99.5419,27.316],[-99.5413,27.3206],[-99.5383,27.3252],[-99.5352,27.3266],[-99.5301,27.3275],[-99.525,27.3279],[-99.5204,27.3283],[-99.519,27.329],[-99.5142,27.3311],[-99.5101,27.3357],[-99.508,27.3403],[-99.508,27.3481],[-99.5095,27.3555],[-99.5079,27.361],[-99.5043,27.3688],[-99.5002,27.3739],[-99.4961,27.3785],[-99.4945,27.3831],[-99.4934,27.3914],[-99.4919,27.3997],[-99.4903,27.407],[-99.4908,27.413],[-99.4943,27.4213],[-99.4978,27.4287],[-99.4983,27.4356],[-99.4988,27.4407],[-99.4972,27.4481],[-99.4951,27.4536],[-99.4915,27.4586],[-99.4874,27.4646],[-99.4848,27.4692],[-99.4827,27.4761],[-99.4827,27.4821],[-99.4847,27.4895],[-99.4893,27.4955],[-99.4938,27.4987],[-99.5,27.5006],[-99.5076,27.5006],[-99.5148,27.4988],[-99.5215,27.4965],[-99.5245,27.4961],[-99.5281,27.4984],[-99.5296,27.5007],[-99.5291,27.503],[-99.5291,27.5104],[-99.5285,27.5159],[-99.5275,27.5228],[-99.5259,27.527],[-99.5238,27.5325],[-99.5243,27.538],[-99.5243,27.5445],[-99.5227,27.5491],[-99.5196,27.5532],[-99.516,27.5583],[-99.515,27.5624],[-99.516,27.567],[-99.518,27.5698],[-99.5221,27.5721],[-99.5267,27.5749],[-99.5307,27.5781],[-99.5338,27.5832],[-99.5358,27.5906],[-99.5404,27.5998],[-99.5434,27.6058],[-99.5475,27.6091],[-99.5526,27.6118],[-99.5577,27.6128],[-99.5613,27.611],[-99.5639,27.6082],[-99.5675,27.6055],[-99.5716,27.6032],[-99.5762,27.6027],[-99.5813,27.6023],[-99.5854,27.6028],[-99.588,27.6051],[-99.5874,27.6074],[-99.5859,27.6101],[-99.5828,27.6106],[-99.5792,27.6119],[-99.5782,27.6142],[-99.5797,27.6184],[-99.5828,27.6207],[-99.5889,27.623],[-99.593,27.6244],[-99.5945,27.6267],[-99.596,27.63],[-99.595,27.6341],[-99.5965,27.6383],[-99.5996,27.6406],[-99.6037,27.6415],[-99.6078,27.6411],[-99.6145,27.6383],[-99.617,27.6383],[-99.6206,27.6388],[-99.6237,27.6397],[-99.6262,27.6402],[-99.6293,27.6402],[-99.6303,27.6379],[-99.6298,27.6356],[-99.6293,27.6324],[-99.6299,27.6296],[-99.6329,27.6273],[-99.6365,27.6264],[-99.6401,27.6264],[-99.6447,27.6274],[-99.6545,27.6302],[-99.6606,27.6316],[-99.6647,27.6325],[-99.6667,27.6353],[-99.6678,27.6371],[-99.6662,27.6385],[-99.6631,27.6408],[-99.6611,27.6436],[-99.6611,27.6472],[-99.6626,27.6523],[-99.6651,27.6551],[-99.6692,27.6579],[-99.6759,27.6597],[-99.6825,27.6597],[-99.6861,27.6593],[-99.6902,27.6607],[-99.6917,27.663],[-99.6928,27.6644],[-99.6953,27.6667],[-99.6989,27.6644],[-99.701,27.6607],[-99.7041,27.6557],[-99.7061,27.6552],[-99.7128,27.6548],[-99.7195,27.658],[-99.7251,27.6645],[-99.7264,27.6681],[-99.7281,27.6728],[-99.7347,27.6829],[-99.7421,27.6908],[-99.7424,27.6912],[-99.748,27.6977],[-99.7552,27.706],[-99.7578,27.7107],[-99.7618,27.718],[-99.7622,27.7185],[-99.7659,27.724],[-99.7695,27.7272],[-99.7709,27.7281],[-99.7727,27.7293],[-99.7731,27.7295],[-99.7797,27.7309],[-99.7854,27.73],[-99.7919,27.73],[-99.7926,27.73],[-99.7992,27.7318],[-99.8038,27.7378],[-99.8064,27.7457],[-99.8094,27.7581],[-99.8104,27.7659],[-99.8128,27.7701],[-99.8135,27.7715],[-99.8171,27.7742],[-99.8207,27.7752],[-99.8248,27.7738],[-99.8263,27.771],[-99.8289,27.7669],[-99.832,27.7651],[-99.8371,27.7641],[-99.8407,27.7644],[-99.8419,27.7645],[-99.8428,27.7646],[-99.8434,27.7648],[-99.8464,27.766],[-99.8469,27.7675],[-99.8479,27.7701],[-99.8489,27.7757],[-99.8504,27.7798],[-99.8525,27.7835],[-99.852,27.7881],[-99.8522,27.79],[-99.8525,27.7918],[-99.8545,27.7941],[-99.8597,27.7946],[-99.8674,27.7941],[-99.8722,27.7941],[-99.8745,27.7941],[-99.8781,27.7946],[-99.8812,27.7978],[-99.8817,27.802],[-99.8813,27.805],[-99.8812,27.8056],[-99.8817,27.8116],[-99.8817,27.8181],[-99.8822,27.8222],[-99.8812,27.8282],[-99.8812,27.8356],[-99.8827,27.8406],[-99.8868,27.8484],[-99.893,27.8544],[-99.9027,27.8613],[-99.9073,27.8673],[-99.9094,27.8733],[-99.9078,27.8811],[-99.9042,27.8862],[-99.9025,27.888],[-99.9011,27.8894],[-99.898,27.894],[-99.898,27.9],[-99.8996,27.9051],[-99.9017,27.9088],[-99.9021,27.9097],[-99.9062,27.9124],[-99.9114,27.9152],[-99.9176,27.9179],[-99.9199,27.919],[-99.9237,27.9207],[-99.9294,27.9272],[-99.9314,27.9313],[-99.9319,27.9336],[-99.9345,27.9364],[-99.9371,27.9387],[-99.9407,27.9419],[-99.9422,27.9451],[-99.9422,27.9502],[-99.9412,27.9548],[-99.9381,27.9621],[-99.9365,27.9677],[-99.9355,27.975],[-99.9359,27.9775],[-99.936,27.9787],[-99.9381,27.9819],[-99.9417,27.9838],[-99.9463,27.9838],[-99.954,27.9838],[-99.9638,27.9847],[-99.9705,27.987],[-99.9777,27.9884],[-99.9844,27.9944],[-99.9911,28.0026],[-99.9993,28.0132],[-100.005,28.0197],[-100.0072,28.0239],[-100.0106,28.0302],[-100.0148,28.045],[-100.0158,28.0555],[-100.0168,28.0611],[-100.0176,28.0639],[-100.0184,28.0666],[-100.0214,28.0707],[-100.0271,28.0739],[-100.0333,28.0758],[-100.04,28.0781],[-100.0452,28.0804],[-100.0462,28.0809],[-100.0508,28.0831],[-100.0544,28.0877],[-100.056,28.0923],[-100.057,28.0974],[-100.0565,28.1011],[-100.0565,28.1052],[-100.0575,28.1075],[-100.0622,28.1116],[-100.0694,28.1185],[-100.0751,28.1254],[-100.0807,28.1337],[-100.0838,28.1424],[-100.0856,28.146],[-100.0859,28.1466],[-100.09,28.1498],[-100.0927,28.1505],[-100.0967,28.1516],[-100.106,28.1548],[-100.1138,28.1553],[-100.1178,28.1568],[-100.1185,28.1571],[-100.1205,28.1578],[-100.1236,28.159],[-100.1339,28.1645],[-100.135,28.165],[-100.1396,28.1672],[-100.1437,28.1686],[-100.1478,28.1695],[-100.1535,28.169],[-100.1581,28.1686],[-100.1627,28.1693],[-100.1638,28.1695],[-100.1695,28.1722],[-100.1731,28.1773],[-100.1777,28.1805],[-100.1829,28.1832],[-100.1901,28.1864],[-100.194,28.1879],[-100.1974,28.1892],[-100.2024,28.1908],[-100.203,28.191],[-100.2077,28.1924],[-100.2108,28.1951],[-100.2117,28.1981],[-100.2123,28.2002]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Webb\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a743589e4b0a9a2e9e25ccd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsen, Alexander K.","contributorId":44089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlsen","given":"Alexander K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X mmerrill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":2584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","email":"mmerrill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726455,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, Brett J. 0000-0002-8678-2431 bvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8678-2431","contributorId":3846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Brett","email":"bvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Robert W.","contributorId":26006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70187151,"text":"70187151 - 2011 - Development of the USGS national land-cover database over two decades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:00:11","indexId":"70187151","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Development of the USGS national land-cover database over two decades","docAbstract":"Land-cover composition and change have profound impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Land-cover and land-use (LCLU) conditions and their changes can affect social and physical environments by altering ecosystem conditions and services. Information about LCLU change is often used to produce landscape-based metrics and evaluate landscape conditions to monitor LCLU status and trends over a specific time interval (Loveland et al. 2002; Coppin et al. 2004; Lunetta et al. 2006). Continuous, accurate, and up-to-date land-cover data are important for natural resource and ecosystem management and are needed to support consistent monitoring of landscape attributes over time. Large-area land-cover information at regional, national, and global scales is critical for monitoring landscape variations over large areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in environmental remote sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b10599-26","isbn":"978-1-4200-9175-5","usgsCitation":"Xian, G.Z., Homer, C.G., and Yang, L., 2011, Development of the USGS national land-cover database over two decades, chap. of Advances in environmental remote sensing, p. 525-543, https://doi.org/10.1201/b10599-26.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"543","ipdsId":"IP-019196","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006081e4b0e85db3a5def9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weng, Qihao","contributorId":112678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Qihao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692810,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Limin 0000-0002-2843-6944 lyang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-6944","contributorId":4305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Limin","email":"lyang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}