{"pageNumber":"694","pageRowStart":"17325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70032665,"text":"70032665 - 2012 - Occurrence and geochemistry of radium in water from principal drinking-water aquifer systems of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-25T10:51:13","indexId":"70032665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and geochemistry of radium in water from principal drinking-water aquifer systems of the United States","docAbstract":"A total of 1270 raw-water samples (before treatment) were collected from 15 principal and other major aquifer systems (PAs) used for drinking water in 45 states in all major physiographic provinces of the USA and analyzed for concentrations of the Ra isotopes 224Ra, 226Ra and 228Ra establishing the framework for evaluating Ra occurrence. The US Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 0.185Bq/L (5pCi/L) for combined Ra ( 226Ra plus 228Ra) for drinking water was exceeded in 4.02% (39 of 971) of samples for which both 226Ra and 228Ra were determined, or in 3.15% (40 of 1266) of the samples in which at least one isotope concentration ( 226Ra or 228Ra) was determined. The maximum concentration of combined Ra was 0.755Bq/L (20.4pCi/L) in water from the North Atlantic Coastal Plain quartzose sand aquifer system. All the exceedences of the MCL for combined Ra occurred in water samples from the following 7PAs (in order of decreasing relative frequency of occurrence): the Midcontinent and Ozark Plateau Cambro-Ordovician dolomites and sandstones, the North Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Floridan, the crystalline rocks (granitic, metamorphic) of New England, the Mesozoic basins of the Appalachian Piedmont, the Gulf Coastal Plain, and the glacial sands and gravels (highest concentrations in New England).The concentration of Ra was consistently controlled by geochemical properties of the aquifer systems, with the highest concentrations most likely to be present where, as a consequence of the geochemical environment, adsorption of the Ra was slightly decreased. The result is a slight relative increase in Ra mobility, especially notable in aquifers with poor sorptive capacity (Fe-oxide-poor quartzose sands and carbonates), even if Ra is not abundant in the aquifer solids. The most common occurrence of elevated Ra throughout the USA occurred in anoxic water (low dissolved-O 2) with high concentrations of Fe or Mn, and in places, high concentrations of the competing ions Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr, and occasionally of dissolved solids, K, SO 4 and HCO 3. The other water type to frequently contain elevated concentrations of the Ra radioisotopes was acidic (low pH), and had in places, high concentrations of NO 3 and other acid anions, and on occasion, of the competing divalent cations, Mn and Al. One or the other of these broad water types was commonly present in each of the PAs in which elevated concentrations of combined Ra occurred. Concentrations of 226Ra or 228Ra or combined Ra correlated significantly with those of the above listed water-quality constituents (on the basis of the non-parametric Spearman correlation technique) and loaded on principal components describing the above water types from the entire data set and for samples from the PAs with the highest combined Ra concentrations.Concentrations of 224Ra and 226Ra were significantly correlated to those of 228Ra (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, +0.236 and +0.326, respectively). Activity ratios of 224Ra/ 228Ra in the water samples were mostly near 1 when concentrations of both isotopes were greater than or equal to 0.037Bq/L (1pCi/L), the level above which analytical results were most reliable. Co-occurrence among these highest concentrations of the Ra radionuclides was most likely in those PAs where chemical conditions are most conducive to Ra mobility (e.g. acidic North Atlantic Coastal Plain). The concentrations of 224Ra were occasionally greater than 0.037Bq/L and the ratios of 224Ra/ 228Ra were generally highest in the PAs composed of alluvial sands and Cretaceous/Tertiary sandstones from the western USA, likely because concentrations of 224Ra are enhanced in solution relative to those of 228Ra by alpha recoil from the aquifer matrix. Rapid adsorption of the two Ra isotopes (controlled by the alkaline and oxic aquifer geochemistry) combined with preferential faster recoil of 224Ra generates a 224Ra/ 228Ra ratio much greater than ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.11.002","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Szabo, Z., DePaul, V.T., Fischer, J., Kraemer, T.F., and Jacobsen, E., 2012, Occurrence and geochemistry of radium in water from principal drinking-water aquifer systems of the United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 729-752, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.11.002.","startPage":"729","endPage":"752","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474677,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.11.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213923,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.11.002"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b6ce4b0c8380cd746a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Z. 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":44302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217 vdepaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":2778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaul","given":"Vincent","email":"vdepaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, J.M. 0000-0003-2996-9272","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":74419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobsen, E.","contributorId":101462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032286,"text":"70032286 - 2012 - Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:00:23","indexId":"70032286","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity","docAbstract":"

Carbon and nitrogen are crucial to semiarid woodlands, determining decomposition, production and redistribution of water and nutrients. Carbon and nitrogen are often greater beneath canopies than intercanopies. Upslope vs. downslope position and ephemeral channels might also cause variation in C and N. Yet, few studies have simultaneously evaluated spatial variation associated with canopy–intercanopy patches and topography. We estimated C and N upslope and downslope in an eroding piñon–juniper woodland for canopies beneath piñons (Pinus edulis) and junipers, (Juniperus monosperma), intercanopies, and ephemeral channels. Soil C and N in the surface and profile beneath canopies exceeded that of intercanopies and channels. Relative to intercanopies, channels had more profile C upslope but less downslope (profile N was not significant). Relative to upslope, profile C downslope for intercanopies was greater and for channels was less (profile N was not significant). Relative to profile, surface soil C and N exhibited less heterogeneity. Although some topographic heterogeneity was detected, results did not collectively support our redistribution hypotheses, and we are unable to distinguish if this heterogeneity is due to in situ or redistribution effects. Nonetheless, results highlight finer topographical spatial variation in addition to predominant canopy and intercanopy variation that is applicable for semiarid woodland management.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029","usgsCitation":"Law, D., Breshears, D.D., Ebinger, M.H., Meyer, C.W., and Allen, C.D., 2012, Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 79, p. 20-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pajarito Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e0e4b08c986b319b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebinger, Michael H.","contributorId":11431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Clifton W.","contributorId":43164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032288,"text":"70032288 - 2012 - Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T17:15:51.175409","indexId":"70032288","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

We examined the effects of suture material (braided silk versus Monocryl) and relative ultrasonic transmitter size on healing, growth, mortality, and tag retention in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiment 1, 40 fish (205–281 mm total length [TL], 106–264 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT‐96–2 (23 × 7 mm; weight in air, 4.4 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) or IBT 96–2E (30 × 7 mm; weight in air, 4.9 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) ultrasonic telemetry tags. In experiment 2, 20 larger fish (342–405 mm TL; 520–844 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT‐96–5 ultrasonic tags (36 × 11 mm; weight in air, 9.1 g; weight in water, 4.1 g). The tag burdens for all implanted fish ranged from 1.1% to 3.4%, and fish in both studies were held at 10–15°C. At the conclusion of both experiments (65 d after surgery), no mortalities were observed in any of the 60 tagged fish, most incisions were completely healed, and all fish in both experiments grew in length, although tagged fish grew more slowly than control fish in experiment 1. In both experiments, fish sutured with silk expelled tags more frequently than those sutured with Monocryl. Expulsion was observed in 45–50% of the fish sutured with silk and 0–25% of the fish sutured with Monocryl. Tag expulsion was not observed until 25–35 d after surgery. Fish sutured with silk exhibited a more severe inflammatory response 3 weeks after surgery than those sutured with Monocryl. In experiment 1, the rate of expulsion was linked to the severity of inflammation. Although braided silk sutures were applied faster than Moncryl sutures in both experiments, knots tied with either material were equally reliable and fish sutured with Monocryl experienced less inflammation and lower rates of tag expulsion.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.651553","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Ivasauskas, T.J., Bettoli, P.W., and Holt, T., 2012, Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 1, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.651553.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-022301","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07eee4b0c8380cd518df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivasauskas, Tomas J.","contributorId":84176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivasauskas","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holt, T.","contributorId":30469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032662,"text":"70032662 - 2012 - Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-04T06:30:59","indexId":"70032662","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream","docAbstract":"

To investigate the effects of nitrate enrichment, phosphate enrichment, and light availability on benthic algae, nutrient-diffusing clay flowerpots were colonized with algae at two sites in a Hawaiian stream during spring and autumn 2002 using a randomized factorial design. The algal assemblage that developed under the experimental conditions was investigated by determining biomass (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a concentrations) and composition of the diatom assemblage. In situ pulse amplitude-modulated fluorometry was also used to model photosynthetic rate of the algal assemblage. Algal biomass and maximum photosynthetic rate were significantly higher at the unshaded site than at the shaded site. These parameters were higher at the unshaded site with either nitrate, or to a lesser degree, nitrate plus phosphate enrichment. Analysis of similarity of diatom assemblages showed significant differences between shaded and unshaded sites, as well as between spring and autumn experiments, but not between nutrient treatments. However, several individual species of diatoms responded significantly to nitrate enrichment. These results demonstrate that light availability (shaded vs. unshaded) is the primary limiting factor to algal growth in this stream, with nitrogen as a secondary limiting factor. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0947-2","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Stephens, S., Brasher, A., and Smith, C., 2012, Response of an algal assemblage to nutrient enrichment and shading in a Hawaiian stream: Hydrobiologia, v. 683, no. 1, p. 135-150, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0947-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/3349","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu, Waihee Stream","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 21.417276156993662\n ],\n [\n -157.77740478515625,\n 21.417276156993662\n ],\n [\n -157.77740478515625,\n 21.49396356306447\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 21.49396356306447\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 21.417276156993662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"683","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa2fe4b0c8380cd861bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, S.H.","contributorId":57276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, C.M.","contributorId":93670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032656,"text":"70032656 - 2012 - Fate of 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol in the Redwood River of Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T15:41:12","indexId":"70032656","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol in the Redwood River of Minnesota","docAbstract":"

The majority of previous research investigating the fate of endocrine-disrupting compounds has focused on single processes generally in controlled laboratory experiments, and limited studies have directly evaluated their fate and transport in rivers. This study evaluated the fate and transport of 4-nonylphenol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone in a 10-km reach of the Redwood River in southwestern Minnesota. The same parcel of water was sampled as it moved downstream, integrating chemical transformation and hydrologic processes. The conservative tracer bromide was used to track the parcel of water being sampled, and the change in mass of the target compounds relative to bromide was determined at two locations downstream from a wastewater treatment plant effluent outfall. In-stream attenuation coefficients (kstream) were calculated by assuming first-order kinetics (negative values correspond to attenuation, whereas positive values indicate production). Attenuation of 17β-estradiol (kstream = −3.2 ± 1.0 day–1) was attributed primarily due to sorption and biodegradation by the stream biofilm and bed sediments. Estrone (kstream = 0.6 ± 0.8 day–1) and 4-nonylphenol (kstream = 1.4 ± 1.9 day–1) were produced in the evaluated 10-km reach, likely due to biochemical transformation from parent compounds (17β-estradiol, 4-nonylphenolpolyethoxylates, and 4-nonyphenolpolyethoxycarboxylates). Despite attenuation, these compounds were transported kilometers downstream, and thus additive concentrations from multiple sources and transformation of parent compounds into degradates having estrogenic activity can explain their environmental persistence and widespread observations of biological disruption in surface waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es2031664","usgsCitation":"Writer, J.H., Ryan, J.N., Keefe, S.H., and Barber, L.B., 2012, Fate of 4-nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol in the Redwood River of Minnesota: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 860-868, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031664.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"860","endPage":"868","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Redwood River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -94.4384765625,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 43.929549935614595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0de4b0c8380cd53733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefe, Steffanie H. 0000-0002-3805-6101 shkeefe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-6101","contributorId":2843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"Steffanie","email":"shkeefe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032318,"text":"70032318 - 2012 - Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T13:01:40.584017","indexId":"70032318","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland","docAbstract":"

Two physical experiments were developed to better define the thermal interaction of wetland water and the underlying soil layer. This information is important to numerical models of flow and heat transport that have been developed to support biological studies in the South Florida coastal wetland areas. The experimental apparatus consists of two 1.32 m diameter by 0.99 m tall, trailer-mounted, well-insulated tanks filled with soil and water. A peat–sand–soil mixture was used to represent the wetland soil, and artificial plants were used as a surrogate for emergent wetland vegetation based on size and density observed in the field. The tanks are instrumented with thermocouples to measure vertical and horizontal temperature variations and were placed in an outdoor environment subject to solar radiation, wind, and other factors affecting the heat transfer. Instruments also measure solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed.

Tests indicate that heat transfer through the sides and bottoms of the tanks is negligible, so the experiments represent vertical heat transfer effects only. The temperature fluctuations measured in the vertical profile through the soil and water are used to calibrate a one-dimensional heat-transport model. The model was used to calculate the thermal conductivity of the soil. Additionally, the model was used to calculate the total heat stored in the soil. This information was then used in a lumped parameter model to calculate an effective depth of soil which provides the appropriate heat storage to be combined with the heat storage in the water column. An effective depth, in the model, of 5.1 cm of wetland soil represents the heat storage needed to match the data taken in the tank containing 55.9 cm of peat/sand/soil mix. The artificial low-density laboratory sawgrass reduced the solar energy absorbed by the 35.6 cm of water and 55.9 cm of soil at midday by less than 5%. The maximum heat transfer into the underlying peat–sand–soil mix lags behind maximum solar radiation by approximately 2 h. A slightly longer temperature lag was observed between the maximum solar radiation and maximum water temperature both with and without soil.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.036","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Swain, M., Swain, M., Lohmann, M., and Swain, E., 2012, Experimental determination of soil heat storage for the simulation of heat transport in a coastal wetland: Journal of Hydrology, v. 422-423, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"422-423","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dc5e4b0c8380cd531b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Michael","contributorId":79716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Matthew","contributorId":68126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lohmann, Melinda 0000-0003-1472-159X mlohmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1472-159X","contributorId":2971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohmann","given":"Melinda","email":"mlohmann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032605,"text":"70032605 - 2012 - Migration of Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi): Evidence of freshwater resident life history types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T17:08:12.472415","indexId":"70032605","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi): Evidence of freshwater resident life history types","docAbstract":"

Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi) range from the Russian Far East mainland along the Sea of Japan coast, and Sakhalin, Kuril, and Hokkaido Islands and are considered to primarily be an anadromous species. We used otolith strontium-to-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) to determine the chronology of migration between freshwater and saltwater and identify migratory contingents of taimen collected from the Koppi River, Russia. In addition, we examined taimen from the Sarufutsu River, Japan and Tumnin River, Russia that were captured in marine waters. Transects of otolith Sr/Ca for the Sarufutsu River fish were consistent with patterns observed in anadromous salmonids. Two fish from the Tumnin River appeared to be recent migrants to saltwater and one fish was characterized by an otolith Sr/Ca transect consistent with marine migration. Using these transects as benchmarks, all Koppi River taimen were classified as freshwater residents. These findings suggest more work is needed to assess life history variability among locations and the role of freshwater productivity in controlling migratory behavior in taimen.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9908-x","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Rand, P., Fukushima, M., and Zolotukhin, S., 2012, Migration of Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi): Evidence of freshwater resident life history types: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 93, no. 2, p. 223-232, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9908-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Tumnin River, Koppi River, Sarufutsu River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.69140625,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n 143.173828125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n 143.173828125,\n 54.213861000644926\n ],\n [\n 138.69140625,\n 54.213861000644926\n ],\n [\n 138.69140625,\n 46.31658418182218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5702e4b0c8380cd6d9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rand, P.S.","contributorId":17561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rand","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fukushima, M.","contributorId":28082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fukushima","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zolotukhin, S.F.","contributorId":50737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zolotukhin","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032618,"text":"70032618 - 2012 - El Niño-Southern oscillation variability from the late cretaceous marca shale of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T14:30:39","indexId":"70032618","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"El Niño-Southern oscillation variability from the late cretaceous marca shale of California","docAbstract":"Changes in the possible behavior of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with global warming have provoked interest in records of ENSO from past “greenhouse” climate states. The latest Cretaceous laminated Marca Shale of California permits a seasonal-scale reconstruction of water column flux events and hence interannual paleoclimate variability. The annual flux cycle resembles that of the modern Gulf of California with diatoms characteristic of spring upwelling blooms followed by silt and clay, and is consistent with the existence of a paleo–North American Monsoon that brought input of terrigenous sediment during summer storms and precipitation runoff. Variation is also indicated in the extent of water column oxygenation by differences in lamina preservation. Time series analysis of interannual variability in terrigenous sediment and diatom flux and in the degree of bioturbation indicates strong periodicities in the quasi-biennial (2.1–2.8 yr) and low-frequency (4.1–6.3 yr) bands both characteristic of ENSO forcing, as well as decadal frequencies. This evidence for robust Late Cretaceous ENSO variability does not support the theory of a “permanent El Niño,” in the sense of a continual El Niño–like state, in periods of warmer climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G32329.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Kemp, A.E., Weedon, G.P., and Barron, J.A., 2012, El Niño-Southern oscillation variability from the late cretaceous marca shale of California: Geology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 15-18, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32329.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32329.1"},{"id":241352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.9,36.6 ], [ -120.9,36.833333 ], [ -120.7,36.833333 ], [ -120.7,36.6 ], [ -120.9,36.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a087de4b0c8380cd51b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Andrew","contributorId":71394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kemp, Alan E.S.","contributorId":51993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemp","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weedon, Graham P.","contributorId":13048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedon","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032438,"text":"70032438 - 2012 - Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T15:22:53","indexId":"70032438","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1035,"text":"Biomass and Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin","docAbstract":"Corn stover as well as perennial grasses like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus are being considered as candidates for the second generation biofuel feedstocks. However, the challenges to biofuel development are its effects on the environment, especially water quality. This study evaluates the long-term impacts of biofuel production alternatives (e.g., elevated corn stover removal rates and the potential land cover change) on an ecosystem with a focus on biomass production, soil erosion, water quantity and quality, and soil nitrate nitrogen concentration at the watershed scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified for setting land cover change scenarios and applied to the Iowa River Basin (a tributary of the Upper Mississippi River Basin). Results show that biomass production can be sustained with an increased stover removal rate as long as the crop demand for nutrients is met with appropriate fertilization. Although a drastic increase (4.7–70.6%) in sediment yield due to erosion and a slight decrease (1.2–3.2%) in water yield were estimated with the stover removal rate ranging between 40% and 100%, the nitrate nitrogen load declined about 6–10.1%. In comparison to growing corn, growing either switchgrass or miscanthus can reduce sediment erosion greatly. However, land cover changes from native grass to switchgrass or miscanthus would lead to a decrease in water yield and an increase in nitrate nitrogen load. In contrast to growing switchgrass, growing miscanthus is more productive in generating biomass, but its higher water demand may reduce water availability in the study area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomass and Bioenergy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030","issn":"09619534","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2012, Impacts of biofuels production alternatives on water quantity and quality in the Iowa River Basin: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 36, p. 182-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.030"},{"id":241244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Iowa River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.65,41.15 ], [ -93.65,43.966667 ], [ 91.016667,43.966667 ], [ 91.016667,41.15 ], [ -93.65,41.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032360,"text":"70032360 - 2012 - Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T18:21:27.250191","indexId":"70032360","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model","docAbstract":"

This work studies costs and benefits of utilizing local‐grid refinement (LGR) as implemented in MODFLOW‐LGR to simulate groundwater flow in a buried tunnel valley interacting with a regional aquifer. Two alternative LGR methods were used: the shared‐node (SN) method and the ghost‐node (GN) method. To conserve flows the SN method requires correction of sources and sinks in cells at the refined/coarse‐grid interface. We found that the optimal correction method is case dependent and difficult to identify in practice. However, the results showed little difference and suggest that identifying the optimal method was of minor importance in our case. The GN method does not require corrections at the models' interface, and it uses a simpler head interpolation scheme than the SN method. The simpler scheme is faster but less accurate so that more iterations may be necessary. However, the GN method solved our flow problem more efficiently than the SN method. The MODFLOW‐LGR results were compared with the results obtained using a globally coarse (GC) grid. The LGR simulations required one to two orders of magnitude longer run times than the GC model. However, the improvements of the numerical resolution around the buried valley substantially increased the accuracy of simulated heads and flows compared with the GC simulation. Accuracy further increased locally around the valley flanks when improving the geological resolution using the refined grid. Finally, comparing MODFLOW‐LGR simulation with a globally refined (GR) grid showed that the refinement proportion of the model should not exceed 10% to 15% in order to secure method efficiency.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Vilhelmsen, T., Christensen, S., and Mehl, S.W., 2012, Evaluation of MODFLOW-LGR in connection with a synthetic regional-scale model: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 1, p. 118-132, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"132","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213905,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00826.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c18e4b0c8380cd52a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vilhelmsen, T.N.","contributorId":54024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilhelmsen","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174110,"text":"70174110 - 2012 - Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T16:45:11","indexId":"70174110","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes","docAbstract":"

The transition from freshwater to seawater is integral to the life history of many fishes. Diverse migratory fishes express anadromous, catadromous, and amphidromous life histories, while others make incomplete transits between freshwater and seawater. The physiological mechanisms of osmoregulation are widely conserved among phylogenetically diverse species. Diadromous fishes moving between freshwater and seawater develop osmoregulatory mechanisms for different environmental salinities. Freshwater to seawater transition involves hormonally mediated changes in gill ionocytes and the transport proteins associated with hypoosmoregulation, increased seawater ingestion and water absorption in the intestine, and reduced urinary water losses. Fishes attain salinity tolerance through early development, gradual acclimation, or environmentally or developmentally cued adaptations. This chapter describes adaptations in diverse taxa and the effects of salinity on growth. Identifying common strategies in diadromous fishes moving between freshwater and seawater will reveal the ecological and physiological basis for maintaining homeostasis in different salinities, and inform efforts to conserve and manage migratory euryhaline fishes.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., and Michael P. Wilkie, 2012, Freshwater to seawater transitions in migratory fishes, chap. of Fish Physiology, p. 253-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396951-4.00006-2.","productDescription":"74 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037876","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315c0e4b006cb45558aa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael P. Wilkie","contributorId":172495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael P. Wilkie","affiliations":[{"id":27055,"text":"Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Onatrio, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70189575,"text":"70189575 - 2012 - Identifying fluorescent pulp mill effluent in the Gulf of Maine and its watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:41:04","indexId":"70189575","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying fluorescent pulp mill effluent in the Gulf of Maine and its watershed","docAbstract":"

Using fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) we characterized and modeled the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in samples from the Penobscot River, Androscoggin River, Penobscot Bay, and the Gulf of Maine (GoM). We analyzed excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) using an existing PARAFAC model (Cory and McKnight, 2005) and created a system-specific model with seven components (GoM PARAFAC). The GoM PARAFAC model contained six components similar to those in other PARAFAC models and one unique component with a spectrum similar to a residual found using the Cory and McKnight (2005) model. The unique component was abundant in samples from the Androscoggin River immediately downstream of a pulp mill effluent release site. The detection of a PARAFAC component associated with an anthropogenic source of DOM, such as pulp mill effluent, demonstrates the importance for rigorously analyzing PARAFAC residuals and developing system-specific models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.040","usgsCitation":"Cawley, K.M., Butler, K.D., Aiken, G.R., Larsen, L., Huntington, T.G., and McKnight, D.M., 2012, Identifying fluorescent pulp mill effluent in the Gulf of Maine and its watershed: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 64, no. 8, p. 1678-1687, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.040.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1678","endPage":"1687","ipdsId":"IP-036937","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.99639892578125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -66.533203125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -66.533203125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -70.99639892578125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -70.99639892578125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca7e4b0d1f9f0627583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cawley, Kaelin M.","contributorId":194765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cawley","given":"Kaelin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, Laurel G. lglarsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Laurel G.","email":"lglarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70189578,"text":"70189578 - 2012 - Copper(II) binding by dissolved organic matter: Importance of the copper-to-dissolved organic matter ratio and implications for the Biotic Ligand Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T16:51:31","indexId":"70189578","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper(II) binding by dissolved organic matter: Importance of the copper-to-dissolved organic matter ratio and implications for the Biotic Ligand Model","docAbstract":"

The ratio of copper to dissolved organic matter (DOM) is known to affect the strength of copper binding by DOM, but previous methods to determine the Cu2+–DOM binding strength have generally not measured binding constants over the same Cu:DOM ratios. In this study, we used a competitive ligand exchange–solid-phase extraction (CLE-SPE) method to determine conditional stability constants for Cu2+–DOM binding at pH 6.6 and 0.01 M ionic strength over a range of Cu:DOM ratios that bridge the detection windows of copper-ion-selective electrode and voltammetry measurements. As the Cu:DOM ratio increased from 0.0005 to 0.1 mg of Cu/mg of DOM, the measured conditional binding constant (cKCuDOM) decreased from 1011.5 to 105.6 M–1. A comparison of the binding constants measured by CLE-SPE with those measured by copper-ion-selective electrode and voltammetry demonstrates that the Cu:DOM ratio is an important factor controlling Cu2+–DOM binding strength even for DOM isolates of different types and different sources and for whole water samples. The results were modeled with Visual MINTEQ and compared to results from the biotic ligand model (BLM). The BLM was found to over-estimate Cu2+ at low total copper concentrations and under-estimate Cu2+ at high total copper concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es301015p","usgsCitation":"Craven, A.M., Aiken, G.R., and Ryan, J.N., 2012, Copper(II) binding by dissolved organic matter: Importance of the copper-to-dissolved organic matter ratio and implications for the Biotic Ligand Model: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 18, p. 9948-9955, https://doi.org/10.1021/es301015p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"9948","endPage":"9955","ipdsId":"IP-036934","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca6e4b0d1f9f062757f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craven, Alison M.","contributorId":194767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craven","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141428,"text":"70141428 - 2012 - Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: the mouth of the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T12:54:47","indexId":"70141428","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: the mouth of the Columbia River","docAbstract":"

 A monthlong time series of wave, current, salinity, and suspended-sediment measurements was made at five sites on a transect across the Mouth of Columbia River (MCR). These data were used to calibrate and evaluate the performance of a coupled hydrodynamic and wave model for the MCR based on the Delft3D modeling system. The MCR is a dynamic estuary inlet in which tidal currents, river discharge, and wave-driven currents are all important. Model tuning consisted primarily of spatial adjustments to bottom drag coefficients. In combination with (near-) default parameter settings, the MCR model application is able to simulate the dominant features in the tidal flow, salinity and wavefields observed in field measurements. The wave-orbital averaged method for representing the current velocity profile in the wave model is considered the most realistic for the MCR. The hydrodynamic model is particularly effective in reproducing the observed vertical residual and temporal variations in current structure. Density gradients introduce the observed and modeled reversal of the mean flow at the bed and augment mean and peak flow in the upper half of the water column. This implies that sediment transport during calmer summer conditions is controlled by density stratification and is likely net landward due to the reversal of flow near the bed. The correspondence between observed and modeled hydrodynamics makes this application a tool to investigate hydrodynamics and associated sediment transport.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012JC008105","usgsCitation":"Elias, E.P., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and van der Westhuysen, A.J., 2012, Validation of a coupled wave-flow model in a high-energy setting: the mouth of the Columbia River: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 117, no. C9, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008105.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042897","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008105","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -122.8216552734375,\n 46.3810438458062\n ],\n [\n -122.8216552734375,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 46.06560846138691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"C9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e7173ce4b02d776a66a01d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Edwin P.L.","contributorId":47295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van der Westhuysen, Andre J.","contributorId":139312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Westhuysen","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032317,"text":"70032317 - 2012 - A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T13:17:58.66328","indexId":"70032317","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters","docAbstract":"

A new method is presented for calculating the electrical conductivity of natural waters that is accurate over a large range of effective ionic strength (0.0004–0.7 mol kg−1), temperature (0–95 °C), pH (1–10), and conductivity (30–70,000 μS cm−1). The method incorporates a reliable set of equations to calculate the ionic molal conductivities of cations and anions (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, F−, Cl−, Br−, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32-, NO3-, and OH−), environmentally important trace metals (Al3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+), and ion pairs (HSO4-, NaSO4-, NaCO3-, and ). These equations are based on new electrical conductivity measurements for electrolytes found in a wide range of natural waters. In addition, the method is coupled to a geochemical speciation model that is used to calculate the speciated concentrations required for accurate conductivity calculations. The method was thoroughly tested by calculating the conductivities of 1593 natural water samples and the mean difference between the calculated and measured conductivities was −0.7 ± 5%. Many of the samples tested were selected to determine the limits of the method and include acid mine waters, geothermal waters, seawater, dilute mountain waters, and river water impacted by municipal waste water. Transport numbers were calculated and H+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Cl−, SO42-, HCO3-, CP32-, F−, Al3+, Fe2+, NO3-, and substantially contributed (>10%) to the conductivity of at least one of the samples. Conductivity imbalance in conjunction with charge imbalance can be used to identify whether a cation or an anion measurement is likely in error, thereby providing an additional quality assurance/quality control constraint on water analyses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.031","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Ryan, J.N., and Ball, J.W., 2012, A new method of calculating electrical conductivity with applications to natural waters: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, p. 369-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.031.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"382","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4a9e4b0c8380cd46802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":523089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":523087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":118347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, J. W.","contributorId":119400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146239,"text":"70146239 - 2012 - Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:41:20","indexId":"70146239","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","docAbstract":"

While bulk measures of the onshore impact of a tsunami, including the maximum run-up elevation and inundation distance, are important for hazard planning, the temporal evolution of the onshore flow dynamics likely controls the extent of the onshore destruction and the erosion and deposition of sediment that occurs. However, the time-varying dynamics of actual tsunamis are even more difficult to measure in situ than the bulk parameters. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is used to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slope, and bottom roughness have on the temporal evolution of the onshore flow. Model results indicate that the onshore flow dynamics vary significantly over the parameter space examined. For example, the flow dynamics over steep, smooth morphologies tend to be temporally symmetric, with similar magnitude velocities generated during the run-up and run-down phases of inundation. Conversely, on shallow, rough onshore topographies the flow dynamics tend to be temporally skewed toward the run-down phase of inundation, with the magnitude of the flow velocities during run-up and run-down being significantly different. Furthermore, for near-breaking tsunami waves inundating over steep topography, the flow velocity tends to accelerate almost instantaneously to a maximum and then decrease monotonically. Conversely, when very long waves inundate over shallow topography, the flow accelerates more slowly and can remain steady for a period of time before beginning to decelerate. These results indicate that a single set of assumptions concerning the onshore flow dynamics cannot be applied to all tsunamis, and site specific analyses may be required.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and Jaffe, B.E., 2012, Time-dependent onshore tsunami response: Coastal Engineering, v. 64, p. 73-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031593","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0b1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Apotsos Alex, Gelfenbaum Guy, Jaffe Bruce","journalName":"Coastal Engineering","publicationDate":"6/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, Alex","contributorId":60997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156874,"text":"70156874 - 2012 - Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T16:53:52","indexId":"70156874","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs","docAbstract":"

Variance components may play multiple roles (cf. Cox and Solomon 2003). First, magnitudes and relative magnitudes of the variances of random factors may have important scientific and management value in their own right. For example, variation in levels of invasive vegetation among and within lakes may suggest causal agents that operate at both spatial scales – a finding that may be important for scientific and management reasons. Second, variance components may also be of interest when they affect precision of means and covariate coefficients. For example, variation in the effect of water depth on the probability of aquatic plant presence in a study of multiple lakes may vary by lake. This variation will affect the precision of the average depth-presence association. Third, variance component estimates may be used when designing studies, including monitoring programs. For example, to estimate the numbers of years and of samples per year required to meet long-term monitoring goals, investigators need estimates of within and among-year variances. Other chapters in this volume (Chapters 7, 8, and 10) as well as extensive external literature outline a framework for applying estimates of variance components to the design of monitoring efforts. For example, a series of papers with an ecological monitoring theme examined the relative importance of multiple sources of variation, including variation in means among sites, years, and site-years, for the purposes of temporal trend detection and estimation (Larsen et al. 2004, and references therein).

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge; New York","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139022422.013","usgsCitation":"Gray, B.R., 2012, Variance components estimation for continuous and discrete data, with emphasis on cross-classified sampling designs, chap. of Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 200-227, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022422.013.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb71ae4b058f706e53f84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570915,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Andrew B.","contributorId":112048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570917,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Licht, Daniel S.","contributorId":113213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licht","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570918,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032503,"text":"70032503 - 2012 - Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:20:33","indexId":"70032503","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Pingos are circular to elongate ice-cored mounds that form by injection and freezing of pressurized water in near-surface permafrost. Here we use a digital surface model (DSM) derived from an airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) system to assess the distribution and morphometry of pingos within a 40,000 km2 area on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. We have identified 1247 pingo forms in the study region, ranging in height from 2 to 21 m, with a mean height of 4.6 m. Pingos in this region are of hydrostatic origin, with 98% located within 995 drained lake basins, most of which are underlain by thick eolian sand deposits. The highest pingo density (0.18 km− 2) occurs where streams have reworked these deposits. Morphometric analyses indicate that most pingos are small to medium in size (< 200 m diameter), gently to moderately sloping (< 30°), circular to slightly elongate (mean circularity index of 0.88), and of relatively low height (2 to 5 m). However, 57 pingos stand higher than 10 m, 26 have a maximum slope greater than 30°, and 42 are larger than 200 m in diameter. Comparison with a legacy pingo dataset based on 1950s stereo-pair photography indicates that 66 may have partially or completely collapsed over the last half-century. However, we mapped over 400 pingos not identified in the legacy dataset, and identified only three higher than 2 m to have formed between ca. 1955 and ca. 2005, indicating that caution should be taken when comparing contemporary and legacy datasets derived by different techniques. This comprehensive database of pingo location and morphometry based on an IfSAR DSM may prove useful for land and resource managers as well as aid in the identification of pingo-like features on Mars.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Hinkel, K.M., Arp, C., Walker, S., Beck, R., and Galloway, J., 2012, Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee48e4b0c8380cd49c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, S.","contributorId":71777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galloway, J. P.","contributorId":19142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032648,"text":"70032648 - 2012 - A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T17:52:47.307718","indexId":"70032648","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Little Shingobee Lake and Fen are part of the extensive network of lakes and wetlands in the Shingobee River headwaters of northwestern Minnesota, designed to study the interactions between surface and ground waters. Prior to about 11.2 cal. ka, most of these lakes and wetlands were interconnected to form glacial Lake Willobee, which apparently formed when a debris flow dammed the Shingobee River. Between 11.2 and 8.5 cal. ka, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of breaching of the dam, transforming the deep lake into the existing lakes and wetlands. Analyses of a 9-m core from Little Shingobee Lake (LSL-B), and lacustrine sediments under 3.3 m of peat in a 17-m core from Little Shingobee Fen (LSF-10), show that the dominant components are allogenic clastic material, and endogenic CaCO3 and organic matter. In both cores almost all of the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are incorporated in endogenic minerals, presumed to be X-ray amorphous oxyhydroxide minerals, that occur in significant quantities throughout the cores; almost no Fe and Mn are contributed from detrital aluminosilicate minerals. This suggests that, for most of the Holocene, the allogenic watershed contributions to lake chemistry were minor compared to the dissolved mineral load. In addition, prior to 3.5 cal. ka, pollen zone boundaries coincide with large changes in lake-sediment mineralogy, indicating that both landscape and climate processes were linked to early- and mid-Holocene lake chemistry. The pollen time series, with sequential domination by spruce, pine, sagebrush-oak, birch-oak and, finally, white pine is typical of the region and reflects the changing location of the prairie-forest transition zone over time. These changes in vegetation had some profound effects on the geochemistry of the lake waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10933-011-9544-7","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Doner, L., 2012, A Holocene record of endogenic iron and manganese precipitation and vegetation history in a lake-fen complex in northwestern Minnesota: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 47, no. 1, p. 29-42, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9544-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9544-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Little Shingobee Lake and Fen","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.71313476562499,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 46.81509864599243\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -94.71313476562499,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -94.71313476562499,\n 46.81509864599243\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e4e4b0c8380cd45cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doner, L.A.","contributorId":101888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doner","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042712,"text":"70042712 - 2012 - Over 100 years of environmental change recorded by foraminifers and sediments in a large Gulf of Mexico estuary, Mobile Bay, AL, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:55:51.970781","indexId":"70042712","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1586,"text":"Estuarine and Continental Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Over 100 years of environmental change recorded by foraminifers and sediments in a large Gulf of Mexico estuary, Mobile Bay, AL, USA","docAbstract":"
The marine microfauna of Mobile Bay has been profoundly influenced by the development and expansion of the primary shipping channel over the last ∼100 years. Foraminifers and sediments from seven box cores with excess lead-210 chronology document that channel dredging and spoil disposal have altered circulation, reduced estuarine mixing, changed sedimentation patterns, and caused a faunal turnover within the bay. Beginning in the late 1800s, changes in estuarine mixing allowed for greater low-pH freshwater influence in the bay, and ultimately began environmental changes that resulted in the loss of calcareous foraminifers. By the early 1900s, box cores throughout Mobile Bay record a ∼100-year trend of increasing calcareous test dissolution that continues to the present. Since the completion of the current shipping channel in the 1950s, restricted tidal flushing and increased terrestrial organic matter, documented by carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, stimulated an increase in agglutinated foraminiferal densities. However, in deeper areas of the bay, hypoxic water has negatively impacted the marine microfauna. Comparisons of the present-day foraminiferal assemblage with foraminifers collected in the early 1970s indicate that the continued biologic loss of calcareous foraminifers in the bay has allowed the introduction of a new agglutinated foraminiferal species into the bay.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2012.10.001","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L.E., and Smith, C.G., 2012, Over 100 years of environmental change recorded by foraminifers and sediments in a large Gulf of Mexico estuary, Mobile Bay, AL, USA: Estuarine and Continental Shelf Science, v. 115, p. 345-358, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.10.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"358","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037937","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico, Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.775,29.7501 ], [ -88.775,31.2645 ], [ -87.1161,31.2645 ], [ -87.1161,29.7501 ], [ -88.775,29.7501 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51483799e4b022dd171afeb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187487,"text":"70187487 - 2012 - Habitat and prey availability attributes associated with juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon occurrence in the Missouri River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T18:14:07","indexId":"70187487","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat and prey availability attributes associated with juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon occurrence in the Missouri River, USA","docAbstract":"

The pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is a federally endangered species native to the Missouri and lower Mississippi Rivers, USA. As part of recovery efforts, over 360000 pallid sturgeon have been stocked into the Missouri River since 1994, and a standardized, long-term monitoring program was initiated in 2003. Understanding the distribution and habitat requirements of juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon (fork length <720 mm, age <10 yr) is an important goal of the monitoring and recovery programs. In this study, we collected information on habitat characteristics and prey availability from the upper Missouri River along the Nebraska-South Dakota border and compared these attributes between capture (present) and non-capture (absent) locations (N = 59). To evaluate the relative influence of habitat and prey availability on pallid sturgeon occurrence, we examined several candidate models using an information-theoretic approach. A prey availability model had the most support and included site-specific information on Diptera and Ephemeroptera abundance. A habitat-based model showed that juveniles and early adults were found in relatively deeper water and avoided areas where bottom velocities were greater than 1.2 m s−1. Although not as well supported as the prey-effects model (evidence ratio = 6.4), habitat features also provided a plausible model for predicting occurrence. The models developed here could be used to evaluate pallid sturgeon habitat potential in the Missouri River basin and help guide future monitoring and conservation management of this endangered species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00408","usgsCitation":"Spindler, B.D., Chipps, S.R., Klumb, R.A., Graeb, B.D., and Wimberly, M.C., 2012, Habitat and prey availability attributes associated with juvenile and early adult pallid sturgeon occurrence in the Missouri River, USA: Endangered Species Research, v. 16, no. 3, p. 225-234, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00408.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","ipdsId":"IP-034025","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00408","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","volume":"16","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590c3dcbe4b0e541a038dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spindler, Bryan D.","contributorId":171900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spindler","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klumb, Robert A.","contributorId":86606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klumb","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graeb, Brian D. S.","contributorId":171851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graeb","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[{"id":26956,"text":"Departement of Natural Resource Management, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wimberly, Michael C.","contributorId":167855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimberly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187481,"text":"70187481 - 2012 - An application and extension of the constraints–effects–mitigation model to Minnesota waterfowl hunting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T11:21:10","indexId":"70187481","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An application and extension of the constraints–effects–mitigation model to Minnesota waterfowl hunting","docAbstract":"

This study extends modeling work on the leisure constraint negotiation process from physically active leisure and celebrity fandom to hunting. We test a model derived from the constraints–effects–mitigation model of leisure participation. The model is examined in the context of continued Minnesota waterfowl hunting among a sample of Minnesota residents who purchased a North Dakota waterfowl stamp. Results are from a mail survey conducted in 2006. In our modeling, successful constraint negotiation fully mediated the constraints–participation relationship, while involvement had both direct and indirect effects on participation. Hunter motivation was positively related to involvement. Results advance understanding of the relationships among factors that influence leisure participation, and suggest that constraint negotiation may differ among recreation activities with different participant profiles.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10871209.2012.650317","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, S., Fulton, D.C., Lawrence, J.S., and Cordts, S.D., 2012, An application and extension of the constraints–effects–mitigation model to Minnesota waterfowl hunting: Human Dimensions of Wildlife, v. 17, no. 3, p. 174-192, https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2012.650317.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-035094","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b9e4b0e541a03c1a88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Susan A.","contributorId":78235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, David C. 0000-0001-5763-7887 dcf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7887","contributorId":2208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"David","email":"dcf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":171470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cordts, Steven D.","contributorId":171471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cordts","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193210,"text":"70193210 - 2012 - Mechanics of debris flows and rock avalanches: Chapter 43","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T13:37:43","indexId":"70193210","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mechanics of debris flows and rock avalanches: Chapter 43","docAbstract":"

Debris flows are geophysical phenomena intermediate in character between rock avalanches and flash floods. They commonly originate as water-laden landslides on steep slopes and transform into liquefied masses of fragmented rock, muddy water, and entrained organic matter that disgorge from canyons onto valley floors. Typically including 50%–70% solid grains by volume, attaining speeds >10 m/s, and ranging in size up to ∼109 m3, debris flows can denude mountainsides, inundate floodplains, and devastate people and property (Figure 43.1). Notable recent debris-flow disasters resulted in more than 20,000 fatalities in Armero, Colombia, in 1985 and in Vargas state, Venezuela, in 1999.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of environmental fluid dynamics, Volume One","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b14241-47","isbn":"9781439816707","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2012, Mechanics of debris flows and rock avalanches: Chapter 43, chap. of Handbook of environmental fluid dynamics, Volume One, p. 573-587, https://doi.org/10.1201/b14241-47.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"587","ipdsId":"IP-021709","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6105a0e4b06e28e9c2557b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fernando, Harindra Joseph","contributorId":201042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernando","given":"Harindra","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724158,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032406,"text":"70032406 - 2012 - Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T12:55:45.584228","indexId":"70032406","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions","docAbstract":"

1. Birds of marine environments have specialized glands to excrete salt, the saltglands. Located on the skull between the eyes, the size of these organs is expected to reflect their demand, which will vary with water turnover rates as a function of environmental (heat load, salinity of prey and drinking water) and organismal (energy demand, physiological state) factors. On the basis of inter- and intraspecific comparisons of saltgland mass (msg) in 29 species of shorebird (suborder Charadrii) from saline, fresh and mixed water habitats, we assessed the relative roles of organism and environment in determining measured msg species.

2. The allometric exponent, scaling dry msg to shorebird total body mass (mb), was significantly higher for coastal marine species (0Æ88, N = 19) than for nonmarine species (0Æ43, N = 14). Within the marine species, those ingesting bivalves intact had significantly higher msg than species eating soft-bodied invertebrates, indicating that seawater contained within the shells added to the salt load.

3. In red knots (Calidris canutus), dry msg varied with monthly averaged ambient temperature in a U-shaped way, with the lowest mass at 12Æ5 C. This probably reflects increased energy demand for thermoregulation at low temperatures and elevated respiratory water loss at high temperatures. In fuelling bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica), dry msg was positively correlated with intestine mass, an indicator of relative food intake rates. These findings suggest once more that saltgland masses vary within species (and presumably individuals) in relation to salt load, that is a function of energy turnover (thermoregulation and fuelling) and evaporative water needs.

4. Our results support the notion that msg is strongly influenced by habitat salinity, and also by factors influencing salt load and demand for osmotically free water including ambient temperature, prey type and energy intake rates. Saltglands are evidently highly flexible organs. The small size of saltglands when demands are low suggests that any time costs of adjustment are lower than the costs of maintaining a larger size in this small but essential piece of metabolic machinery.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, J., Dietz, M., Masero, J., Gill, R., Dekinga, A., Battley, P.F., Sanchez-Guzman, J.M., and Piersma, T., 2012, Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions: Functional Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 236-244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1411e4b0c8380cd548bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, J.S.","contributorId":97334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietz, M.W.","contributorId":62842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masero, J.A.","contributorId":23773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masero","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Battley, Phil F.","contributorId":27272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battley","given":"Phil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez-Guzman, J. M.","contributorId":65677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Guzman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032290,"text":"70032290 - 2012 - Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:31:01","indexId":"70032290","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","title":"Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"

We have developed methods to determine the visible (VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral properties of thalli and epiphytes of bloom-forming and green macrophyte Ulva curvata in back-barrier lagoons in Virginia, USA. A 2% increase in NIR thalli reflectance from winter to summer (ca. 9.5%) matched the drop in summer NIR transmittance (ca. 90%). In contrast, summer and winter VIS reflectance (reaching 6%) were nearly identical while winter transmittance (ca. 85%) was 10–20% higher. NIR absorption remained at 5% but VIS absorption increased by 10–20% from winter to summer. Replicate consistency substantiated the high transmittance difference indicating thallus composition changed from summer to winter. Epiphytes increased thallus reflectance (<ca. 4%) and decreased transmittance (<ca. 10%) and exhibited broadband VIS and NIR absorptions in summer and selective peaks in winter. A simulation coupling water extinction with thallus reflectance and transmittance found seven submerged thalli maximized the surface reflectance enhancement (ca. 2.5%).

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.543436","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Rangoonwalaj, A., Thomsen, M., and Schwarzschild, A., 2012, Spectral definition of the macro-algae Ulva curvata in the back-barrier bays of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 33, no. 2, p. 586-603, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.543436.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"586","endPage":"603","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214828,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.543436"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b953be4b08c986b31adfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, E. 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":91310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rangoonwalaj, A. 0000-0002-0556-0598","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":28817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwalaj","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomsen, M.S.","contributorId":98962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomsen","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarzschild, A.","contributorId":96913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzschild","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}