{"pageNumber":"695","pageRowStart":"17350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40797,"records":[{"id":70040009,"text":"70040009 - 2012 - The influence of reservoirs, climate, land use and hydrologic conditions on loads and chemical quality of dissolved organic carbon in the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T15:38:14","indexId":"70040009","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of reservoirs, climate, land use and hydrologic conditions on loads and chemical quality of dissolved organic carbon in the Colorado River","docAbstract":"Longitudinal patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads and chemical quality were identified in the Colorado River from the headwaters in the Rocky Mountains to the United States-Mexico border from 1994 to 2011. Watershed- and reach-scale climate, land use, river discharge and hydrologic modification conditions that contribute to patterns in DOC were also identified. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified site-specific precipitation and reach-scale discharge as being correlated with sites in the upper basin, where there were increases in DOC load from the upstream to downstream direction. In the lower basin, where DOC load decreased from upstream to downstream, sites were correlated with site-specific temperature and reach-scale population, urban land use and hydrologic modification. In the reaches containing Lakes Powell and Mead, the two largest reservoirs in the United States, DOC quantity decreased, terrestrially derived aromatic DOC was degraded and/or autochthonous less aromatic DOC was produced. Taken together, these results suggest that longitudinal patterns in the relatively unregulated upper basin are influenced by watershed inputs of water and DOC, whereas DOC patterns in the lower basin are reflective of a balance between watershed contribution of water and DOC to the river and loss of water and DOC due to hydrologic modification and/or biogeochemical processes. These findings suggest that alteration of constituent fluxes in rivers that are highly regulated may overshadow watershed processes that would control fluxes in comparable unregulated rivers. Further, these results provide a foundation for detailed assessments of factors controlling the transport and chemical quality of DOC in the Colorado River.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012312","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., 2012, The influence of reservoirs, climate, land use and hydrologic conditions on loads and chemical quality of dissolved organic carbon in the Colorado River: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 12, W00M02; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012312.","productDescription":"W00M02; 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012wr012312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico,Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,31.5 ], [ -116.5,44 ], [ -104.5,44 ], [ -104.5,31.5 ], [ -116.5,31.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5091ce4b0e8fec6cea21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040033,"text":"ofr20121211 - 2012 - Ecological context for the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-26T17:16:49","indexId":"ofr20121211","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1211","title":"Ecological context for the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative","docAbstract":"The North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative (NPLCC) encompasses the temperate coastal rainforest and extends from the coastal mountains to the near-shore from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska to Bodega Bay, California. The area spans multiple agency, state, and international boundaries over more than 22 degrees of latitude, including a wide range of type and intensity of human land-use activities. Development of NPLCC goals and administrative structures will be facilitated by a shared ecological context for discussing this expansive, diverse, and complex landscape. In support of activities to organize the NPLCC, we provided conceptual models to describe the ecological structure of the NPLCC. Recognizing that the boundaries of LCCs were primarily based on Level 2 of the hierarchical ecoregional classification of Omernik (Comission for Environmental Cooperation 1997), we used nested Level 3 ecoregions to define subregions within the NPLCC. Rather than develop conceptual models for all nine constituent subregions, we opted to consider five groups: Puget-Georgia Basin Lowland and Willamette Valley, Alaska-British Columbia Coast, Alaska-British Columbia Mountains, Klamath-Olympic-Cascade Mountains, and Washington-Oregon-Northern California Coast. At the conclusion of the project, we felt that the close relationship between mountain and coastal areas support combining them to create three major subregions: Alaska-British Columbia coast and mountains, Washington-Oregon-Northern California coast and mountains, and the lowlands of the Georgia Basin and Willamette Valley. The following figures present the Omernik Level 3 ecoregions comprising the NPLCC; how the ecoregions were grouped to create conceptual models; and conceptual models for each group. The five models each consist of a table listing resources, stressors, potential climate change impacts; a landcover map; and a cartoon to summarize the table and evoke the landscape. A final figure summarizes resources, stressors, and climate change impacts that are common across the NPLCC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121211","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Pacific LCC","usgsCitation":"Woodward, A., Taylor, A., and Weekes, A., 2012, Ecological context for the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1211, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121211.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1211.jpg"},{"id":262055,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1211/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262056,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1211/pdf/ofr20121211.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alaska;British Columbia;California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160,30 ], [ -160,60 ], [ -130,60 ], [ -130,30 ], [ -160,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788d17e4b0cfc2d59f5a6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Audrey","contributorId":44024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Audrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weekes, Anne","contributorId":61144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weekes","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040019,"text":"tm7C8 - 2012 - Approaches in highly parameterized inversion-PESTCommander, a graphical user interface for file and run management across networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"tm7C8","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C8","title":"Approaches in highly parameterized inversion-PESTCommander, a graphical user interface for file and run management across networks","docAbstract":"Models of environmental systems have become increasingly complex, incorporating increasingly large numbers of parameters in an effort to represent physical processes on a scale approaching that at which they occur in nature. Consequently, the inverse problem of parameter estimation (specifically, model calibration) and subsequent uncertainty analysis have become increasingly computation-intensive endeavors. Fortunately, advances in computing have made computational power equivalent to that of dozens to hundreds of desktop computers accessible through a variety of alternate means: modelers have various possibilities, ranging from traditional Local Area Networks (LANs) to cloud computing. Commonly used parameter estimation software is well suited to take advantage of the availability of such increased computing power. Unfortunately, logistical issues become increasingly important as an increasing number and variety of computers are brought to bear on the inverse problem. To facilitate efficient access to disparate computer resources, the PESTCommander program documented herein has been developed to provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that facilitates the management of model files (\"file management\") and remote launching and termination of \"slave\" computers across a distributed network of computers (\"run management\"). In version 1.0 described here, PESTCommander can access and ascertain resources across traditional Windows LANs: however, the architecture of PESTCommander has been developed with the intent that future releases will be able to access computing resources (1) via trusted domains established in Wide Area Networks (WANs) in multiple remote locations and (2) via heterogeneous networks of Windows- and Unix-based operating systems. The design of PESTCommander also makes it suitable for extension to other computational resources, such as those that are available via cloud computing. Version 1.0 of PESTCommander was developed primarily to work with the parameter estimation software PEST; the discussion presented in this report focuses on the use of the PESTCommander together with Parallel PEST. However, PESTCommander can be used with a wide variety of programs and models that require management, distribution, and cleanup of files before or after model execution. In addition to its use with the Parallel PEST program suite, discussion is also included in this report regarding the use of PESTCommander with the Global Run Manager GENIE, which was developed simultaneously with PESTCommander.","largerWorkTitle":"Automated Data Processing and Computations (Book 7)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C8","collaboration":"Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This report is Chapter 8 of Section C in Book 7, Automated Data Processing and Computations.","usgsCitation":"Karanovic, M., Muffels, C.T., Tonkin, M.J., and Hunt, R.J., 2012, Approaches in highly parameterized inversion-PESTCommander, a graphical user interface for file and run management across networks: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7-C8, iii; 9 p.; PESTCommander Software, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7C8.","productDescription":"iii; 9 p.; PESTCommander Software","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_7_c8.gif"},{"id":262044,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm7c8/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm7c8/pdf/TMBook7_ChapC8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788b9ae4b0cfc2d59f59d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanovic, Marinko","contributorId":54831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanovic","given":"Marinko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muffels, Christopher T.","contributorId":105949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muffels","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew J.","contributorId":26376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040014,"text":"70040014 - 2012 - Population-level impact of white-nose syndrome on the endangered Indiana bat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-25T17:16:32","indexId":"70040014","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population-level impact of white-nose syndrome on the endangered Indiana bat","docAbstract":"Establishing status and trend for an endangered species is critical to recovery, especially when it is faced with a nascent extinction agent. We calculated, with hierarchical log-linear change-point models, hibernaculum-level population trends between 1983 and 2009 for the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) now subjected to the fast-spreading fungal disease white-nose syndrome. We combined trends from 222 wintering populations before and after onset of the disease to determine trend for clusters of interacting wintering populations, recovery units, and the species. Before onset of the disease, a west-to-east gradient in trends existed, with westernmost populations declining and easternmost populations increasing in abundance. The species as a whole, however, was stationary between 1983 and 2005 (-0.5% mean annual change; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.8, +1.8%). Estimated mean population size in 2009 was 377,124 bats (195,398-957,348), with large variance apparently caused by white-nose syndrome. With the onset of white-nose syndrome (2006-2009), the species exhibited a 10.3% annual decline (95% CI = -21.1, +2.0%). White-nose syndrome is having an appreciable influence on the status and trends of Indiana bat populations, stalling and in some cases reversing population gains made in recent years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"http://www.mammalsociety.org/","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-355.1","usgsCitation":"Thogmartin, W.E., King, R.A., McKann, P., Szymanski, J.A., and Pruitt, L., 2012, Population-level impact of white-nose syndrome on the endangered Indiana bat: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 93, no. 4, p. 1086-1098, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-355.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1086","endPage":"1098","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474349,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-355.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":262048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-355.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.28333333333333,32.666666666666664 ], [ -93.28333333333333,45.85 ], [ -68.95,45.85 ], [ -68.95,32.666666666666664 ], [ -93.28333333333333,32.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e164b4e4b0ff1e7c577741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, R. Andrew","contributorId":40839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKann, Patrick C.","contributorId":14940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKann","given":"Patrick C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szymanski, Jennifer A.","contributorId":51593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szymanski","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pruitt, Lori","contributorId":17468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040007,"text":"70040007 - 2012 - Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-25T17:16:32","indexId":"70040007","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The northernGulf of Mexico (GoM) has long been a focus area for the study of gashydrates. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, work focused on massive gashydrates deposits that were found to form at and near the seafloor in association with hydrocarbon seeps. However, as global scientific and industrial interest in assessment of the drilling hazards and resource implications of gashydrate accelerated, focus shifted to understanding the nature and abundance of \"buried\" gashydrates. Through 2005, despite the drilling of more than 1200 oil and gas industry wells through the gashydrate stability zone, published evidence of significant sub-seafloor gashydrate in the GoM was lacking. A 2005 drilling program by the GoM GasHydrate Joint Industry Project (the JIP) provided an initial confirmation of the occurrence of gashydrates below the GoM seafloor. In 2006, release of data from a 2003 industry well in Alaminos Canyon 818 provided initial documentation of gashydrate occurrence at high concentrations in sand reservoirs in the GoM. From 2006 to 2008, the JIP facilitated the integration of geophysical and geological data to identify sites prospective for gashydrate-bearing sands, culminating in the recommendation of numerous drilling targets within four sites spanning a range of typical deepwater settings. Concurrent with, but independent of, the JIP prospecting effort, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) conducted a preliminary assessment of the GoM gashydratepetroleum system, resulting in an estimate of 607 trillion cubic meters (21,444 trillion cubic feet) gas-in-place of which roughly one-third occurs at expected high concentrations in sand reservoirs. In 2009, the JIP drilled seven wells at three sites, discovering gashydrate at high saturation in sand reservoirs in four wells and suspected gashydrate at low to moderate saturations in two other wells. These results provide an initial confirmation of the complex nature and occurrence of gashydrate-bearing sands in the GoM, the efficacy of the integrated geological/geophysical prospecting approach used to identify the JIP drilling sites, and the relevance of the 2008 BOEM assessment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.10.003","usgsCitation":"Boswell, R., Collett, T.S., Frye, M., Shedd, W., McConnell, D.R., and Shelander, D., 2012, Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 4-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.10.003.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.10.003","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.85,18.166666666666668 ], [ -97.85,30.383333333333333 ], [ -81.03333333333333,30.383333333333333 ], [ -81.03333333333333,18.166666666666668 ], [ -97.85,18.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4dfa4e4b0e8fec6ce49b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":12307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frye, Matthew","contributorId":48428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shedd, William","contributorId":13851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedd","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McConnell, Daniel R.","contributorId":47628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shelander, Dianna","contributorId":40463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelander","given":"Dianna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040023,"text":"ds709C - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Haji-Gak mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter C in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:13:40","indexId":"ds709C","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"C","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Haji-Gak mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter C in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Haji-Gak mineral district, which has iron ore deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420-500 nanometer, nm), green (520-600 nm), red (610-690 nm), and near-infrared (760-890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520-770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ((c)JAXA,2006,2007), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then co-registered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image-coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (42 for Haji-Gak) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into three overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The three image tiles (or quadrants) for the Haji-Gak area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Haji-Gak study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Haji-Gak Prospect, Farenjal, and NE Haji-Gak subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area's image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter C in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: DS 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Cagney, L.E., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Haji-Gak mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter C in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 50.51 x 34.26 inches; 12 Image Files; 12 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709C.","productDescription":"Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 50.51 x 34.26 inches; 12 Image Files; 12 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_C.jpg"},{"id":262265,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/index_maps/Haji-Gak_Image_Index_Map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262266,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/index_maps/Haji-Gak_Subarea_Image_Index_Map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262264,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/index_maps/Haji-Gak_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262040,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":263628,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/"},{"id":263629,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":263626,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":263627,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":263625,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/c/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Bamyan;Parwan;Wardak","otherGeospatial":"Haji-gak Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.75,34.5 ], [ 67.75,35.166667 ], [ 68.916667,35.166667 ], [ 68.916667,34.5 ], [ 67.75,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788e1ce4b0cfc2d59f5ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040005,"text":"tm11D1 - 2012 - Methods of practice and guidelines for using survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to establish vertical datum in the United States Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-24T17:16:30","indexId":"tm11D1","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"11-D1","title":"Methods of practice and guidelines for using survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to establish vertical datum in the United States Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Geodetic surveys have evolved through the years to the use of survey-grade (centimeter level) global positioning to perpetuate and post-process vertical datum. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology to monitor natural hazards, ensure geospatial control for climate and land use change, and gather data necessary for investigative studies related to water, the environment, energy, and ecosystems. Vertical datum is fundamental to a variety of these integrated earth sciences. Essentially GNSS surveys provide a three-dimensional position x, y, and z as a function of the North American Datum of 1983 ellipsoid and the most current hybrid geoid model. A GNSS survey may be approached with post-processed positioning for static observations related to a single point or network, or involve real-time corrections to provide positioning \"on-the-fly.\" Field equipment required to facilitate GNSS surveys range from a single receiver, with a power source for static positioning, to an additional receiver or network communicated by radio or cellular for real-time positioning. A real-time approach in its most common form may be described as a roving receiver augmented by a single-base station receiver, known as a single-base real-time (RT) survey. More efficient real-time methods involving a Real-Time Network (RTN) permit the use of only one roving receiver that is augmented to a network of fixed receivers commonly known as Continually Operating Reference Stations (CORS). A post-processed approach in its most common form involves static data collection at a single point. Data are most commonly post-processed through a universally accepted utility maintained by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), known as the Online Position User Service (OPUS). More complex post-processed methods involve static observations among a network of additional receivers collecting static data at known benchmarks. Both classifications provide users flexibility regarding efficiency and quality of data collection. Quality assurance of survey-grade global positioning is often overlooked or not understood and perceived uncertainties can be misleading. GNSS users can benefit from a blueprint of data collection standards used to ensure consistency among USGS mission areas. A classification of GNSS survey qualities provide the user with the ability to choose from the highest quality survey used to establish objective points with low uncertainties, identified as a Level I, to a GNSS survey for general topographic control without quality assurance, identified as a Level IV. A Level I survey is strictly limited to post-processed methods, whereas Level II, Level III, and Level IV surveys integrate variations of a RT approach. Among these classifications, techniques involving blunder checks and redundancy are important, and planning that involves the assessment of the overall satellite configuration, as well as terrestrial and space weather, are necessary to ensure an efficient and quality campaign. Although quality indicators and uncertainties are identified in post-processed methods using CORS, the accuracy of a GNSS survey is most effectively expressed as a comparison to a local benchmark that has a high degree of confidence. Real-time and post-processed methods should incorporate these \"trusted\" benchmarks as a check during any campaign. Global positioning surveys are expected to change rapidly in the future. The expansion of continuously operating reference stations, combined with newly available satellite signals, and enhancements to the conterminous geoid, are all sufficient indicators for substantial growth in real-time positioning and quality thereof.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm11D1","usgsCitation":"Rydlund, P.H., and Densmore, B.K., 2012, Methods of practice and guidelines for using survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to establish vertical datum in the United States Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 11-D1, xii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11D1.","productDescription":"xii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"120","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_11_D1.gif"},{"id":262022,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11d1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262023,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/11d1/tm11-D1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e03c8ae4b0fec3206eb34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040010,"text":"sir20125189 - 2012 - Quantification of aquifer properties with surface nuclear magnetic resonance in the Platte River valley, central Nebraska, using a novel inversion method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-24T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20125189","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5189","title":"Quantification of aquifer properties with surface nuclear magnetic resonance in the Platte River valley, central Nebraska, using a novel inversion method","docAbstract":"Surface nuclear magnetic resonance, a noninvasive geophysical method, measures a signal directly related to the amount of water in the subsurface. This allows for low-cost quantitative estimates of hydraulic parameters. In practice, however, additional factors influence the signal, complicating interpretation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District, evaluated whether hydraulic parameters derived from surface nuclear magnetic resonance data could provide valuable input into groundwater models used for evaluating water-management practices. Two calibration sites in Dawson County, Nebraska, were chosen based on previous detailed hydrogeologic and geophysical investigations. At both sites, surface nuclear magnetic resonance data were collected, and derived parameters were compared with results from four constant-discharge aquifer tests previously conducted at those same sites. Additionally, borehole electromagnetic-induction flowmeter data were analyzed as a less-expensive surrogate for traditional aquifer tests. Building on recent work, a novel surface nuclear magnetic resonance modeling and inversion method was developed that incorporates electrical conductivity and effects due to magnetic-field inhomogeneities, both of which can have a substantial impact on the data. After comparing surface nuclear magnetic resonance inversions at the two calibration sites, the nuclear magnetic-resonance-derived parameters were compared with previously performed aquifer tests in the Central Platte Natural Resources District. This comparison served as a blind test for the developed method. The nuclear magnetic-resonance-derived aquifer parameters were in agreement with results of aquifer tests where the environmental noise allowed data collection and the aquifer test zones overlapped with the surface nuclear magnetic resonance testing. In some cases, the previously performed aquifer tests were not designed fully to characterize the aquifer, and the surface nuclear magnetic resonance was able to provide missing data. In favorable locations, surface nuclear magnetic resonance is able to provide valuable noninvasive information about aquifer parameters and should be a useful tool for groundwater managers in Nebraska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Irons, T.P., Hobza, C.M., Steele, G.V., Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., and Woodward, D.D., 2012, Quantification of aquifer properties with surface nuclear magnetic resonance in the Platte River valley, central Nebraska, using a novel inversion method: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5189, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125189.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5189.gif"},{"id":262024,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262025,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5189/sir2012-5189.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Buffalo;Dawson;Hall;Merrick","otherGeospatial":"Central Platte Natural Resources District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.25,40.5 ], [ -100.25,41.5 ], [ -97.5,41.5 ], [ -97.5,40.5 ], [ -100.25,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4972ae4b0e8fec6cd999c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irons, Trevor P. tirons@usgs.gov","contributorId":4851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"Trevor","email":"tirons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, Gregory V. gvsteele@usgs.gov","contributorId":783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Gregory","email":"gvsteele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodward, Duane D.","contributorId":39628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Duane","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039994,"text":"70039994 - 2012 - Coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave simulations of a storm event over the Gulf of Lion and Balearic Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-01T17:02:55","indexId":"70039994","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave simulations of a storm event over the Gulf of Lion and Balearic Sea","docAbstract":"The coastal areas of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea are one of the most challenging places for ocean forecasting. This region is exposed to severe storms events that are of short duration. During these events, significant air-sea interactions, strong winds and large sea-state can have catastrophic consequences in the coastal areas. To investigate these air-sea interactions and the oceanic response to such events, we implemented the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System simulating a severe storm in the Mediterranean Sea that occurred in May 2010. During this event, wind speed reached up to 25 m.s-1 inducing significant sea surface cooling (up to 2°C) over the Gulf of Lion (GoL) and along the storm track, and generating surface waves with a significant height of 6 m. It is shown that the event, associated with a cyclogenesis between the Balearic Islands and the GoL, is relatively well reproduced by the coupled system. A surface heat budget analysis showed that ocean vertical mixing was a major contributor to the cooling tendency along the storm track and in the GoL where turbulent heat fluxes also played an important role. Sensitivity experiments on the ocean-atmosphere coupling suggested that the coupled system is sensitive to the momentum flux parameterization as well as air-sea and air-wave coupling. Comparisons with available atmospheric and oceanic observations showed that the use of the fully coupled system provides the most skillful simulation, illustrating the benefit of using a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave model for the assessment of these storm events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JC007924","usgsCitation":"Renault, L., Chiggiato, J., Warner, J., Gomez, M., Vizoso, G., and Tintore, J., 2012, Coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave simulations of a storm event over the Gulf of Lion and Balearic Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, 25 p.; C09019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC007924.","productDescription":"25 p.; C09019","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474352,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jc007924","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262004,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JC007924","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Lion;Balearic Sea","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505d7e67e4b0ea5c818244e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renault, Lionel","contributorId":63255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renault","given":"Lionel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiggiato, Jacopo","contributorId":13081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiggiato","given":"Jacopo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomez, Marta","contributorId":17461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Marta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vizoso, Guillermo","contributorId":34761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vizoso","given":"Guillermo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tintore, Joaquin","contributorId":17462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tintore","given":"Joaquin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169103,"text":"70169103 - 2012 - Estimating contributions of nitrate and herbicides from groundwater to headwater streams, northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-18T09:44:56","indexId":"70169103","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-20T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating contributions of nitrate and herbicides from groundwater to headwater streams, northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA","docAbstract":"

Groundwater transport often complicates understanding of surface-water contamination. We estimated the regional flux of nitrate and selected herbicides from groundwater to nontidal headwater streams of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (New Jersey through North Carolina) based on late-winter or spring base-flow samples from 174 streams. Sampled streams were selected randomly, and flux estimates are based on resulting population estimates rather than on empirical models, which have been used previously for similar estimates. Base-flow flux in the estimated 8,834 headwater streams of the study area are an estimated 21,200 kg/day of nitrate (as N) and 5.83, 0.565, and 20.7 kg/day of alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor (and selected degradates), respectively. Base-flow flux of alachlor and metolachlor is <3% of the total base-flow flux of those compounds plus degradates. Base-flow flux of nitrate and herbicides as a percentage of applications is typically highest in well-drained areas and lowest in areas with abundant poor drainage and anoxic conditions. In Coastal Plain watersheds of Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, <2% of applied nitrogen reaches headwater streams as base flow. On the Delmarva Peninsula part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, however, more than 10% of such applications are transported through groundwater to streams, and base-flow nitrate flux represents 70% of total nitrogen flux in headwater streams.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assocation","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00672.x","usgsCitation":"Ator, S., and Denver, J.M., 2012, Estimating contributions of nitrate and herbicides from groundwater to headwater streams, northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 48, no. 6, p. 1075-1090, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00672.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1075","endPage":"1090","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026092","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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jmdenver@usgs.gov","contributorId":140022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"Judith","email":"jmdenver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":622938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039979,"text":"70039979 - 2012 - Movement of water infiltrated from a recharge basin to wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-20T17:16:39","indexId":"70039979","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of water infiltrated from a recharge basin to wells","docAbstract":"Local surface water and stormflow were infiltrated intermittently from a 40-ha basin between September 2003 and September 2007 to determine the feasibility of recharging alluvial aquifers pumped for public supply, near Stockton, California. Infiltration of water produced a pressure response that propagated through unconsolidated alluvial-fan deposits to 125 m below land surface (bls) in 5 d and through deeper, more consolidated alluvial deposits to 194 m bls in 25 d, resulting in increased water levels in nearby monitoring wells. The top of the saturated zone near the basin fluctuates seasonally from depths of about 15 to 20 m. Since the start of recharge, water infiltrated from the basin has reached depths as great as 165 m bls. On the basis of sulfur hexafluoride tracer test data, basin water moved downward through the saturated alluvial deposits until reaching more permeable zones about 110 m bls. Once reaching these permeable zones, water moved rapidly to nearby pumping wells at rates as high as 13 m/d. Flow to wells through highly permeable material was confirmed on the basis of flowmeter logging, and simulated numerically using a two-dimensional radial groundwater flow model. Arsenic concentrations increased slightly as a result of recharge from 2 to 6 μg/L immediately below the basin. Although few water-quality issues were identified during sample collection, high groundwater velocities and short travel times to nearby wells may have implications for groundwater management at this and at other sites in heterogeneous alluvial aquifers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00838.x","usgsCitation":"O'Leary, D., Izbicki, J., Moran, J.E., Meeth, T., Nakagawa, B., Metzger, L., Bonds, C., and Singleton, M.J., 2012, Movement of water infiltrated from a recharge basin to wells: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 2, p. 242-255, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00838.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261988,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00838.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Stockton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,37.5 ], [ -121.5,38.5 ], [ -120.5,38.5 ], [ -120.5,37.5 ], [ -121.5,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505c6c2fe4b046a25ba343c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Leary, David R. 0000-0001-9888-1739","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9888-1739","contributorId":9902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Leary","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Jean E.","contributorId":96525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeth, Tanya","contributorId":16262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeth","given":"Tanya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nakagawa, Brandon","contributorId":54451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakagawa","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Metzger, Loren 0000-0003-2454-2966","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":45560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonds, Chris","contributorId":96131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonds","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Singleton, Michael J.","contributorId":44400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singleton","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70147908,"text":"70147908 - 2012 - Relying on fin erosion to identify hatchery-reared brown trout in a Tennessee river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T12:01:40","indexId":"70147908","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-19T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relying on fin erosion to identify hatchery-reared brown trout in a Tennessee river","docAbstract":"

Hatchery-induced fin erosion can be used to identify recently stocked catchable-size brown trout Salmo trutta during annual surveys to qualitatively estimate contributions to a fishery. However, little is known about the longevity of this mark and its effectiveness as a short-term (≤ 1 year) mass-marking technique. We evaluated hatchery-induced pectoral fin erosion as a mass-marking technique for short-term stocking evaluations by stocking microtagged brown trout in a tailwater and repeatedly sampling those fish to observe and measure their pectoral fins. At Dale Hollow National Fish Hatchery, 99.1% (228 of 230) of microtagged brown trout in outdoor concrete raceways had eroded pectoral fins 1 d prior to stocking. Between 34 and 68 microtagged and 26-35 wild brown trout were collected during eight subsequent electrofishing samples. In a blind test based on visual examination of pectoral fins at up to 322 d poststocking, one observer correctly identified 91.7% to 100.0% (mean of 96.9%) of microtagged brown trout prior to checking for microtags. In the laboratory, pectoral fin length and width measurements were recorded to statistically compare the fin measurements of wild and microtagged hatchery brown trout. With only one exception, all pectoral fin measurements on each date averaged significantly larger for wild trout than for microtagged brown trout. Based on the number of pectoral fin measurements falling below 95% prediction intervals, 93.7% (148 of 158) of microtagged trout were correctly identified as hatchery fish based on regression models up to 160 d poststocking. Only 72.2% (70 of 97) of microtagged trout were identified correctly after 160 d based on pectoral fin measurements and the regression models. We concluded that visual examination of pectoral fin erosion was a very effective way to identify stocked brown trout for up to 322 d poststocking.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.692350","usgsCitation":"Meerbeek, J.R., and Bettoli, P.W., 2012, Relying on fin erosion to identify hatchery-reared brown trout in a Tennessee river: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 5, p. 922-928, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.692350.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"922","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037387","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b8e4b0a92fa7e93c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meerbeek, Jonathan R.","contributorId":140732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meerbeek","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039972,"text":"sir20125116 - 2012 - A benthic-macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity and assessment of conditions in selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"sir20125116","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5116","title":"A benthic-macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity and assessment of conditions in selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998-2009","docAbstract":"The Stream Conditions of Chester County Biological Monitoring Network (Network) was established by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Chester County Water Resources Authority in 1969. Chester County encompasses 760 square miles in southeastern Pennsylvania and has a rapidly expanding population. Land-use change has occurred in response to this continual growth, as open space, agricultural lands, and wooded lands have been converted to residential and commercial lands. In 1998, the Network was modified to include 18 fixed-location sites and 9 flexible-location sites. Sites were sampled annually in the fall (October-November) during base-flow conditions for water chemistry, instream habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates. A new set of 9 flexible-location sites was selected each year. From 1998 to 2009, 213 samples were collected from the 18 fixed-location sites and 107 samples were collected from the 84 flexible-location sites. Eighteen flexible-location sites were sampled more than once over the 12-year period; 66 sites were sampled only once. Benthic-macroinvertebrate data from samples collected during 1998-2009 were used to establish the Chester County Index of Biotic Integrity (CC-IBI). The CC-IBI was based on the methods and metrics outlined in the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's \"A Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity for Wadeable Freestone Streams in Pennsylvania.\" The resulting CC-IBI consists of scores for benthic-macroinvertebrate samples collected from sites in the Network that related to reference conditions in Chester County. Mean CC-IBI scores for 18 fixed-location sites ranged from 37.21 to 88.92. Thirty-nine percent of the 213 samples collected at the 18 fixed-location sites had a CC-IBI score less than 50; 33 percent, 50 to 70; 28 percent, greater than 70. CC-IBI scores from the 107 flexible-location samples ranged from 23.48 to 99.96. Twenty-five percent of the 107 samples collected at the flexible-location sites had a CC-IBI score less than 50; 33 percent, 50 to 70; and 42 percent, greater than 70. Factors that were found to affect CC-IBI scores are nutrient concentrations, habitat conditions, and percent of wooded and urban land use. A positive relation was determined between mean CC-IBI scores and mean total habitat scores for the 18 fixed-location sites. CC-IBI scores were most strongly affected by stream bank vegetative protection, embeddedness, riparian zone width, and sediment deposition. The highest CC-IBI scores were associated with sites that had greater than 28 percent wooded-wetland-water land use, less than 5 percent urban land use, and no municipal wastewater discharges within 10 miles upstream from the sampling site. The lowest CC-IBI scores were associated with sites where urban land use was greater than 15 percent or a municipal wastewater discharge was within 10 miles upstream from the sampling reach. The Mann Kendall test for trends was used to determine trends in CC-IBI scores and concentrations of nitrate, orthophosphate, and chloride for the 18 fixed-location sites. A positive trend in CC-IBI was determined for six sites, and a negative trend was determined for one site. Positive trends in nitrate concentrations were determined for 4 of the 18 fixed-location sites, and a negative trend in orthophosphate concentrations was determined for 1 of the 18 fixed-location sites. Positive trends in chloride concentrations were determined for 16 of the 18 fixed-location sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2012, A benthic-macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity and assessment of conditions in selected streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1998-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5116, viii, 41 p.; Appendixes 1-4 XLSX Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125116.","productDescription":"viii, 41 p.; Appendixes 1-4 XLSX Download","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5116.png"},{"id":261964,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261965,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5116/support/sir2012-5116.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Berks;Chester;Delaware;Lancaster;Montgomery","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.16666666666667,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76.16666666666667,40.333333333333336 ], [ -75.33333333333333,40.333333333333336 ], [ -75.33333333333333,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76.16666666666667,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4972e4b0b290850ef2d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reif, Andrew G. 0000-0002-5054-5207 agreif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-5207","contributorId":2632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reif","given":"Andrew","email":"agreif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039971,"text":"fs20123119 - 2012 - Flood inundation map library, Fort Kent, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"fs20123119","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3119","title":"Flood inundation map library, Fort Kent, Maine","docAbstract":"Severe flooding occurred in northern Maine from April 28 to May 1, 2008, and damage was extensive in the town of Fort Kent (Lombard, 2010). Aroostook County was declared a Federal disaster area on May 9, 2008. The extent of flooding on both the Fish and St. John Rivers during this event showed that the current Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study (FIS) and Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1979) were out of date. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a study to develop a flood inundation map library showing the areas and depths for a range of flood stages from bankfull to the flood of record for Fort Kent to complement an updated FIS (Federal Emergency Management Agency, in press). Hydrologic analyses that support the maps include computer models with and without the levee and with various depths of backwater on the Fish River. This fact sheet describes the methods used to develop the maps and describes how the maps can be accessed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123119","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2012, Flood inundation map library, Fort Kent, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3119, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123119.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3119.gif"},{"id":261960,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261961,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3119/pdf/FS2012-3119_lombard_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Fort Kent","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.75,47 ], [ -68.75,47.4 ], [ -68.25,47.4 ], [ -68.25,47 ], [ -68.75,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dcea7ce4b0d55926e41aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. 0000-0002-0983-1906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-1906","contributorId":23899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039975,"text":"sir20125118 - 2012 - Measurement and simulation of evapotranspiration at a wetland site in the New Jersey Pinelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"sir20125118","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5118","title":"Measurement and simulation of evapotranspiration at a wetland site in the New Jersey Pinelands","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) was monitored above a wetland forest canopy dominated by pitch-pine in the New Jersey Pinelands during November 10, 2004-February 20, 2007, using an eddy-covariance method. Twelve-month ET totals ranged from 786 to 821 millimeters (mm). Minimum and maximum ET rates occurred during December-February and in July, respectively. Relations between ET and several environmental variables (incoming solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, and net radiation) were explored. Net radiation (r = 0.72) and air temperature (r = 0.73) were the dominant explanatory variables for daily ET. Air temperature was the dominant control on evaporative fraction with relatively more radiant energy used for ET at higher temperatures. Soil moisture was shown to limit ET during extended dry periods. With volumetric soil moisture below a threshold of about 0.15, the evaporative fraction decreased until rain ended the dry period, and the evaporative fraction sharply recovered. A modified Hargreaves ET model, requiring only easily obtainable daily temperature data, was shown to be effective at simulating measured ET values and has the potential for estimating historical or real-time ET at the wetland site. The average annual ET measured at the wetland site during 2005-06 (801 mm/yr) is about 32 percent higher than previously reported ET for three nearby upland sites during 2005-09. Periodic disturbance by fire and insect defoliation at the upland sites reduced ET. When only undisturbed periods were considered, the wetland ET was 17 percent higher than the undisturbed upland ET. Interannual variability in wetlands ET may be lower than that of uplands ET because the upland stands are more susceptible to periodic drought conditions, disturbance by fire, and insect defoliation. Precipitation during the study period at the nearby Indian Mills weather station was slightly higher than the long-term (1902-2011) annual mean of 1,173 millimeters (mm), with 1,325 and 1,396 mm of precipitation in 2005 and 2006, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., Nicholson, R.S., and Clark, K., 2012, Measurement and simulation of evapotranspiration at a wetland site in the New Jersey Pinelands: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5118, ix, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125118.","productDescription":"ix, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5118.png"},{"id":261969,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5118/pdf/sir2012-5118.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Mcdonalds Branch Basin;Pinelands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.56666666666666,39.85 ], [ -74.56666666666666,39.916666666666664 ], [ -74.46666666666667,39.916666666666664 ], [ -74.46666666666667,39.85 ], [ -74.56666666666666,39.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52ece4b0c8380cd6c775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, David M. 0000-0002-2144-9304 dmsumner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9304","contributorId":1362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"David","email":"dmsumner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Kenneth L.","contributorId":55254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Kenneth L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039953,"text":"sir20125048 - 2012 - Status of groundwater quality in the Coastal Los Angeles Basin, 2006-California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"sir20125048","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5048","title":"Status of groundwater quality in the Coastal Los Angeles Basin, 2006-California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 860-square-mile (2,227-square-kilometer) Coastal Los Angeles Basin study unit (CLAB) was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study area is located in southern California in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The GAMA CLAB study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater in the primary aquifer system. The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2006 by the USGS from 69 wells and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifer system was defined by the depth interval of the wells listed in the CDPH database for the CLAB study unit. The quality of groundwater in the primary aquifer system may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination. This study assesses the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifer system of the CLAB study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal and (or) California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than (>) 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark, and a relative-concentration less than or equal to (≤) 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or less than a benchmark. Relative-concentrations of organic and special-interest constituents [perchlorate, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP), and 1,4-dioxane] were classified as \"high\" (relative-concentration>1.0), \"moderate\" (0.5status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with a relative-concentration greater than 1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the percentage of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches-grid-based and spatially weighted-were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable in the CLAB study unit (within 90-percent confidence intervals). Inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 5.6 percent of the primary aquifer system and moderate in 26 percent. High aquifer-scale proportion of inorganic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of arsenic (1.9 percent), nitrate (1.9 percent), and uranium (1.2 percent). Inorganic constituents with secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL) were detected at high relative-concentrations in 18 percent of the primary aquifer system and moderate in 47 percent. The constituents present at high relative-concentrations included total dissolved solids (1.9 percent), manganese (15 percent), and iron (9.4 percent). Relative-concentrations of organic constituents (one or more) were high in 3.7 percent, and moderate in 13 percent, of the primary aquifer system. The high aquifer-scale proportion of organic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of solvents, including trichloroethene (TCE; 1.7 percent), perchloroethene (PCE; 1.1 percent), and carbon tetrachloride (1.0 percent). Of the 204 organic constituents analyzed, 44 constituents were detected. Eleven organic constituents had detection frequencies of greater than 10 percent: the trihalomethanes chloroform and bromodichloromethane, the solvents TCE, PCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and 1,1-dichloroethene, the herbicides atrazine, simazine, prometon, and tebuthiuron, and the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Most detections were at low relative-concentrations. The special-interest constituent perchlorate was detected at high relative-concentrations in 0.5 percent of the primary aquifer system, and at moderate relative-concentrations in 35 percent. The special-interest constituent 1,4-dioxane was detected at high relative-concentrations, but an insufficient number of samples was analyzed to provide a representative estimate of aquifer-scale proportion.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Goldrath, D.A., Fram, M.S., Land, M., and Belitz, K., 2012, Status of groundwater quality in the Coastal Los Angeles Basin, 2006-California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5048, viii; 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125048.","productDescription":"viii; 64 p.","numberOfPages":"76","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5048.jpg"},{"id":261941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261942,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5048/pdf/sir20125048.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"National Elevation Dataset, 2006","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles;Orange","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.333333333333336 ], [ -118.5,34.333333333333336 ], [ -117.33333333333333,34.333333333333336 ], [ -117.33333333333333,33.333333333333336 ], [ -118.5,33.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97cce4b08c986b31bc83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldrath, Dara A. dgold@usgs.gov","contributorId":1687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldrath","given":"Dara","email":"dgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Michael 0000-0001-5141-0307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-0307","contributorId":56613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039941,"text":"70039941 - 2012 - Persistence and extirpation in invaded landscapes: patch characteristics and connectivity determine effects of non-native predatory fish on native salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T20:15:55","indexId":"70039941","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence and extirpation in invaded landscapes: patch characteristics and connectivity determine effects of non-native predatory fish on native salamanders","docAbstract":"Studies have demonstrated negative effects of non-native, predatory fishes on native amphibians, yet it is still unclear why some amphibian populations persist, while others are extirpated, following fish invasion. We examined this question by developing habitat-based occupancy models for the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and nonnative fish using survey data from 1,749 water bodies across 470 catchments in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We first modeled the habitat associations of salamanders at 468 fishless water bodies in 154 catchments where non-native fish were historically, and are currently, absent from the entire catchment. Wethen applied this habitat model to the complete data set to predict the probability of salamander occupancy in each water body, removing any effect of fish presence. Finally, we compared field-observed occurrences of salamanders and fish to modeled probability of salamander occupancy. Suitability models indicated that fish and salamanders had similar habitat preferences, possibly resulting in extirpations of salamander populations from entire catchments where suitable habitats were limiting. Salamanders coexisted with non-native fish in some catchments by using marginal quality, isolated (no inlet or outlet) habitats that remained fishless. They rarely coexisted with fish within individual water bodies and only where habitat quality was highest. Connectivity of water bodies via streams resulted in increased probability of fish invasion and consequently reduced probability of salamander occupancy.These results could be used to identify and prioritize catchments and water bodies where control measures would be most effective at restoring amphibian populations. Our approach could be useful as a framework for improved investigations into questions of persistence and extirpation of native species when non-native species have already become established.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10530-012-0317-7","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Arkle, R., and Maxell, B.A., 2012, Persistence and extirpation in invaded landscapes: patch characteristics and connectivity determine effects of non-native predatory fish on native salamanders: Biological Invasions, v. 15, no. 3, p. 671-685, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0317-7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"671","endPage":"685","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0317-7","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76dee4b0c8380cd7835f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S.","contributorId":101760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arkle, Robert S.","contributorId":55679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maxell, Bryce A.","contributorId":100113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxell","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039945,"text":"70039945 - 2012 - Matrix population models from 20 studies of perennial plant populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-18T17:16:41","indexId":"70039945","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Matrix population models from 20 studies of perennial plant populations","docAbstract":"Demographic transition matrices are one of the most commonly applied population models for both basic and applied ecological research. The relatively simple framework of these models and simple, easily interpretable summary statistics they produce have prompted the wide use of these models across an exceptionally broad range of taxa. Here, we provide annual transition matrices and observed stage structures/population sizes for 20 perennial plant species which have been the focal species for long-term demographic monitoring. These data were assembled as part of the \"Testing Matrix Models\" working group through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS). In sum, these data represent 82 populations with >460 total population-years of data. It is our hope that making these data available will help promote and improve our ability to monitor and understand plant population dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1052.1","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.M., Williams, J.L., Lesica, P., Bell, T.J., Bierzychudek, P., Bowles, M., Crone, E.E., Doak, D.F., Ehrlen, J., Ellis-Adam, A., McEachern, K., Ganesan, R., Latham, P., Luijten, S., Kaye, T.N., Knight, T.M., Menges, E.S., Morris, W.F., den Nijs, H., Oostermeijer, G., Quintana-Ascencio, P.F., Shelly, J.S., Stanley, A., Thorpe, A., Tamara, T., Valverde, T., and Weekley, C.W., 2012, Matrix population models from 20 studies of perennial plant populations: Ecology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 951-951, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1052.1.","productDescription":"1 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The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model uses satellite imagery to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) at 1-kilometer resolution. SSEB ETa is useful for estimating irrigation water use; however, resolution limitations restrict its use to regional scale applications. The U.S. Geological Survey investigated the downscaling potential of SSEB ETa from 1 kilometer to 250 meters by correlating ETa with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument (MODIS). Correlations were studied in three arid to semiarid irrigated landscapes of the Western United States (Escalante Valley near Enterprise, Utah; Palo Verde Valley near Blythe, California; and part of the Columbia Plateau near Quincy, Washington) during several periods from 2002 to 2008. Irrigation season ETa-NDVI correlations were lower than expected, ranging from R2 of 0.20 to 0.61 because of an eastward 2–3 kilometer shift in ETadata. The shift is due to a similar shift identified in the land-surface temperature (LST) data from the MODIS Terra satellite, which is used in the SSEB model. Further study is needed to delineate the Terra LST shift, its effect on SSEB ETa, and the relation between ETa and NDVI.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston","doi":"10.3133/sir20125197","usgsCitation":"Haynes, J.V., and Senay, G., 2012, Evaluation of the relation between evapotranspiration and normalized difference vegetation index for downscaling the simplified surface energy balance model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5197, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125197.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5197.jpg"},{"id":261946,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5197/pdf/sir20125197.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cf0e4b0c8380cd52d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, Jonathan V. 0000-0001-6530-6252 jhaynes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-6252","contributorId":3113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhaynes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":66808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039954,"text":"sir20125172 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater and surface-water interaction and effects of pumping in a complex glacial-sediment aquifer, east central Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-12T16:20:32","indexId":"sir20125172","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5172","title":"Simulation of groundwater and surface-water interaction and effects of pumping in a complex glacial-sediment aquifer, east central Massachusetts","docAbstract":"

The effects of groundwater pumping on surface-water features were evaluated by use of a numerical groundwater model developed for a complex glacial-sediment aquifer in northeastern Framingham, Massachusetts, and parts of surrounding towns. The aquifer is composed of sand, gravel, silt, and clay glacial-fill sediments up to 270 feet thick over an irregular fractured bedrock surface. Surface-water bodies, including Cochituate Brook, the Sudbury River, Lake Cochituate, Dudley Pond, and adjoining wetlands, are in hydraulic connection with the aquifer and can be affected by groundwater withdrawals. Groundwater and surface-water interaction was simulated with MODFLOW-NWT under current conditions and a variety of hypothetical pumping conditions. Simulations of hypothetical pumping at reactivated water supply wells indicate that captured groundwater would decrease baseflow to the Sudbury River and induce recharge from Lake Cochituate. Under constant (steady-state) pumping, induced groundwater recharge from Lake Cochituate was equal to about 32 percent of the simulated pumping rate, and flow downstream in the Sudbury River decreased at the same rate as pumping. However, surface water responded quickly to pumping stresses. When pumping was simulated for 1 month and then stopped, streamflow depletions decreased by about 80 percent within 2 months and by about 90 percent within about 4 months. The fast surface water response to groundwater pumping offers the potential to substantially reduce streamflow depletions during periods of low flow, which are of greatest concern to the ecological integrity of the river. Results indicate that streamflow depletion during September, typically the month of lowest flow, can be reduced by 29 percent by lowering the maximum pumping rates to near zero during September. Lowering pumping rates for 3 months (July through September) reduces streamflow depletion during September by 79 percent as compared to constant pumping. These results demonstrate that a seasonal or streamflow-based groundwater pumping schedule can reduce the effects of pumping during periods of low flow.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125172","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Framingham, Massachusetts","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J.R., Carlson, C.S., Fairchild, G.M., and Zarriello, P.J., 2012, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water interaction and effects of pumping in a complex glacial-sediment aquifer, east central Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5172, viii; 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125172.","productDescription":"viii; 47 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5172.gif"},{"id":261944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261945,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5172/pdf/sir2012-5172.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Framingham;Sudbury;Wayland","otherGeospatial":"Dudley Pond;Heard Pond;Lake Cochituate","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,42.25 ], [ -71.5,42.36666666666667 ], [ -71.25,42.36666666666667 ], [ -71.25,42.25 ], [ -71.5,42.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b905fe4b08c986b31947b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jack R.","contributorId":20011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, Gillian M. gfairchi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Gillian","email":"gfairchi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70039942,"text":"70039942 - 2012 - Natural growth and diet of known-age pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) early life stages in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T16:23:12","indexId":"70039942","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural growth and diet of known-age pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) early life stages in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana and North Dakota","docAbstract":"

Prior to anthropogenic modifications, the historic Missouri River provided ecological conditions suitable for reproduction, growth, and survival of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus. However, little information is available to discern whether altered conditions in the contemporary Missouri River are suitable for feeding, growth and survival of endangered pallid sturgeon during the early life stages. In 2004 and 2007, nearly 600 000 pallid sturgeon free embryos and larvae were released in the upper Missouri River and survivors from these releases were collected during 2004–2010 to quantify natural growth rates and diet composition. Based on genetic analysis and known-age at release (1–17 days post-hatch, dph), age at capture (dph, years) could be determined for each survivor. Totals of 23 and 28 survivors from the 2004 and 2007 releases, respectively, were sampled. Growth of pallid sturgeon was rapid (1.91 mm day−1) during the initial 13–48 dph, then slowed as fish approached maximum length (120–140 mm) towards the end of the first growing season. The diet of young-of-year pallid sturgeon was comprised of Diptera larvae, Diptera pupae, and Ephemeroptera nymphs. Growth of pallid sturgeon from ages 1–6 years was about 48.0 mm year−1. This study provides the first assessment of natural growth and diet of young pallid sturgeon in the wild. Results depict pallid sturgeon growth trajectories that may be expected for naturally produced wild stocks under contemporary habitat conditions in the Missouri River and Yellowstone River.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01964.x","usgsCitation":"Braaten, P., Fuller, D., Lott, R., Haddix, T., Holte, L., Wilson, R., Bartron, M., Kalie, J., DeHaan, P., Ardren, W., Holm, R., and Jaeger, M., 2012, Natural growth and diet of known-age pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) early life stages in the upper Missouri River basin, Montana and North Dakota: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 496-504, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01964.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474355,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01964.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":261937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01964.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a630ce4b0c8380cd72284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, D.B.","contributorId":74116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":467246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lott, R.D.","contributorId":93172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haddix, T.M.","contributorId":18640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haddix","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holte, L.D.","contributorId":24073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holte","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, R.H.","contributorId":107351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bartron, M.L.","contributorId":72224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartron","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kalie, J.A.","contributorId":76608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalie","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeHaan, P.W.","contributorId":105980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeHaan","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ardren, W.R.","contributorId":101159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardren","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Holm, R.J.","contributorId":73831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jaeger, M.E.","contributorId":23033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70125674,"text":"70125674 - 2012 - More than a meal: integrating non-feeding interactions into food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-17T14:06:12","indexId":"70125674","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-17T14:04:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"More than a meal: integrating non-feeding interactions into food webs","docAbstract":"Organisms eating each other are only one of many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types include habitat modification, predator interference and facilitation. However, ecological network research has been typically limited to either pure food webs or to networks of only a few (<3) interaction types. The great diversity of non-trophic interactions observed in nature has been poorly addressed by ecologists and largely excluded from network theory. Herein, we propose a conceptual framework that organises this diversity into three main functional classes defined by how they modify specific parameters in a dynamic food web model. This approach provides a path forward for incorporating non-trophic interactions in traditional food web models and offers a new perspective on tackling ecological complexity that should stimulate both theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding the patterns and dynamics of diverse species interactions in nature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01732.x","usgsCitation":"Kéfi, S., Berlow, E.L., Wieters, E.A., Navarrete, S.A., Petchey, O.L., Wood, S.A., Boit, A., Joppa, L.N., Lafferty, K.D., Williams, R.J., Martinez, N.D., Menge, B.A., Blanchette, C.A., Iles, A.C., and Brose, U., 2012, More than a meal: integrating non-feeding interactions into food webs: Ecology Letters, v. 15, no. 4, p. 291-300, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01732.x.","productDescription":"10 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2012 - Temporal changes in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblages in streams of the north-central and northeastern U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T11:27:42","indexId":"70039900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal changes in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblages in streams of the north-central and northeastern U.S.","docAbstract":"

Many management agencies seek to evaluate temporal changes in aquatic assemblages at monitoring sites, but few have sites with ecological time series that are long enough for this purpose. Trends in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblage composition were assessed at 27 long-term monitoring sites in the north-central and northeastern United States. Temporal changes were identified using serial trend analysis. Sites with significant serial trends were further evaluated by relating explanatory environmental variables (e.g., streamflow, habitat, and water chemistry) to changes in assemblage composition. Significant trends were found at 19 of 27 study sites; however, differences in the sensitivity of the aquatic fauna to environmental stressors were identified. For example, significant trends in fish assemblages were found at more sites (15 of 27) than for aquatic-invertebrate assemblages (10 of 27 sites). In addition, trends in the invertebrate assemblage were most often explained by changes in streamflow processes (e.g., duration and magnitude of low- and high-flows, streamflow variability, and annual rates of change), whereas trends in the fish assemblage were more related to changes in water chemistry. Results illustrate the value of long-term monitoring for the purpose of assessing temporal trends in aquatic assemblages. The ability to detect trends in assemblage composition and to attribute these changes to environmental factors is necessary to understand mechanistic pathways and to further our understanding of how incremental anthropogenic alterations modify aquatic assemblages over time. Finally, this study's approach to trends analysis can be used to better inform the design of monitoring programs as well as support the ongoing management needs of stakeholders, water-resource agencies, and policy makers.

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(UCERF2) is a fully time‐dependent earthquake rupture forecast developed with sponsorship of the California Earthquake Authority (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities [WGCEP], 2007; Field et al., 2009). UCERF2 contains 480 logic‐tree branches reflecting choices among nine modeling uncertainties in the earthquake rate model shown in Figure 1. For seismic hazard analysis, it is also necessary to choose a ground‐motion‐prediction equation (GMPE) and set its parameters. Choosing among four next‐generation attenuation (NGA) relationships results in a total of 1920 hazard calculations per site. The present work is motivated by a desire to reduce the computational effort involved in a hazard analysis without understating uncertainty. We set out to assess which branching points of the UCERF2 logic tree contribute most to overall uncertainty, and which might be safely ignored (set to only one branch) without significantly biasing results or affecting some useful measure of uncertainty. The trimmed logic tree will have all of the original choices from the branching points that contribute significantly to uncertainty, but only one arbitrarily selected choice from the branching points that do not.","language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0220120012","usgsCitation":"Porter, K.A., Field, E.H., and Milner, K., 2012, Trimming the UCERF2 hazard logic tree: Seismological Research Letters, v. 83, no. 5, p. 815-828, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"828","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-039084","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd79afe4b0b2908510cfec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, Keith A.","contributorId":28883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milner, Kevin","contributorId":28886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039879,"text":"ofr20121096 - 2012 - Unsupervised classification of lidar-based vegetation structure metrics at Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-27T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121096","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1096","title":"Unsupervised classification of lidar-based vegetation structure metrics at Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"Traditional vegetation maps capture the horizontal distribution of various vegetation properties, for example, type, species and age/senescence, across a landscape. Ecologists have long known, however, that many important forest properties, for example, interior microclimate, carbon capacity, biomass and habitat suitability, are also dependent on the vertical arrangement of branches and leaves within tree canopies. The objective of this study was to use a digital elevation model (DEM) along with tree canopy-structure metrics derived from a lidar survey conducted using the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) to capture a three-dimensional view of vegetation communities in the Barataria Preserve unit of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana. The EAARL instrument is a raster-scanning, full waveform-resolving, small-footprint, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar system designed to map coastal bathymetry, topography and vegetation structure simultaneously. An unsupervised clustering procedure was then applied to the 3-dimensional-based metrics and DEM to produce a vegetation map based on the vertical structure of the park's vegetation, which includes a flotant marsh, scrub-shrub wetland, bottomland hardwood forest, and baldcypress-tupelo swamp forest. This study was completed in collaboration with the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program's Gulf Coast Network. The methods presented herein are intended to be used as part of a cost-effective monitoring tool to capture change in park resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121096","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program's Gulf Coast Network","usgsCitation":"Kranenburg, C., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., and Woodman, R., 2012, Unsupervised classification of lidar-based vegetation structure metrics at Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1096, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121096.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1096.jpg"},{"id":261843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1096/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1096/pdf/2012-1096.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Preserve;Jean Lafitte National Historical Park And Preserve;Lake Salvador;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.75,29.5 ], [ -90.75,30.25 ], [ -89.25,30.25 ], [ -89.25,29.5 ], [ -90.75,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf6e4b08c986b328e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kranenburg, Christine J. ckranenburg@usgs.gov","contributorId":3924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranenburg","given":"Christine J.","email":"ckranenburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy, Monica 0000-0002-3786-5118 mpal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-5118","contributorId":3639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palaseanu-Lovejoy","given":"Monica","email":"mpal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, John","contributorId":39011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodman, Robert","contributorId":81355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}