Pingos are circular to elongate ice-cored mounds that form by injection and freezing of pressurized water in near-surface permafrost. Here we use a digital surface model (DSM) derived from an airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) system to assess the distribution and morphometry of pingos within a 40,000 km2 area on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. We have identified 1247 pingo forms in the study region, ranging in height from 2 to 21 m, with a mean height of 4.6 m. Pingos in this region are of hydrostatic origin, with 98% located within 995 drained lake basins, most of which are underlain by thick eolian sand deposits. The highest pingo density (0.18 km− 2) occurs where streams have reworked these deposits. Morphometric analyses indicate that most pingos are small to medium in size (< 200 m diameter), gently to moderately sloping (< 30°), circular to slightly elongate (mean circularity index of 0.88), and of relatively low height (2 to 5 m). However, 57 pingos stand higher than 10 m, 26 have a maximum slope greater than 30°, and 42 are larger than 200 m in diameter. Comparison with a legacy pingo dataset based on 1950s stereo-pair photography indicates that 66 may have partially or completely collapsed over the last half-century. However, we mapped over 400 pingos not identified in the legacy dataset, and identified only three higher than 2 m to have formed between ca. 1955 and ca. 2005, indicating that caution should be taken when comparing contemporary and legacy datasets derived by different techniques. This comprehensive database of pingo location and morphometry based on an IfSAR DSM may prove useful for land and resource managers as well as aid in the identification of pingo-like features on Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Hinkel, K.M., Arp, C., Walker, S., Beck, R., and Galloway, J., 2012, Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee48e4b0c8380cd49c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, S.","contributorId":71777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galloway, J. P.","contributorId":19142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032504,"text":"70032504 - 2012 - A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T22:59:35.127641","indexId":"70032504","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure","docAbstract":"Reliable information on catchment scale suspended sediment sources is required to inform the design of management strategies for helping abate the numerous environmental issues associated with enhanced sediment mobilization and off‐site loadings. Since sediment fingerprinting techniques avoid many of the logistical constraints associated with using more traditional indirect measurement methods at catchment scale, such approaches have been increasingly reported in the international literature and typically use data sets collected specifically for sediment source apportionment purposes. There remains scope for investigating the potential for using geochemical data sets assembled by routine monitoring programmes to fingerprint sediment provenance. In the United States, routine water quality samples are collected as part of the US Geological Survey's revised National Stream Quality Accounting Network programme. Accordingly, the geochemistry data generated from these samples over a 10‐year period (1996–2006) were used as the basis for a fingerprinting exercise to assess the key tributary sub‐catchment spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment transported by the Ohio River. Uncertainty associated with the spatial source estimates was quantified using a Monte Carlo approach in conjunction with mass balance modelling. Relative frequency weighted means were used as an alternative way of summarizing the spatial source contributions, thereby avoiding the need to use confidence limits. The results should be interpreted in the context of the routine, but infrequent nature, of the suspended sediment samples used to assemble geochemistry as a basis for the sourcing exercise. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates how routine monitoring samples can be used to provide some preliminary information on sediment provenance in large drainage basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8128","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Collins, A., and Horowitz, A.J., 2012, A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure: Hydrological Processes, v. 26, no. 3, p. 326-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8128.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214068,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8128"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4f1e4b0c8380cd46a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.-S.","contributorId":94057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, A.L.","contributorId":67741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032510,"text":"70032510 - 2012 - Three-dimensional sensitivity distribution and sample volume of low-induction-number electromagnetic-induction instruments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T22:51:50.162574","indexId":"70032510","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional sensitivity distribution and sample volume of low-induction-number electromagnetic-induction instruments","docAbstract":"There is an ongoing effort to improve the understanding of the correlation of soil properties with apparent soil electrical conductivity as measured by low‐induction‐number electromagnetic‐induction (LIN FEM) instruments. At a minimum, the dimensions of LIN FEM instruments' sample volume, the spatial distribution of sensitivity within that volume, and implications for surveying and analyses must be clearly defined and discussed. Therefore, a series of numerical simulations was done in which a conductive perturbation was moved systematically through homogeneous soil to elucidate the three‐dimensional sample volume of LIN FEM instruments. For a small perturbation with electrical conductivity similar to that of the soil, instrument response is a measure of local sensitivity (LS). Our results indicate that LS depends strongly on the orientation of the instrument's transmitter and receiver coils and includes regions of both positive and negative LS. Integration of the absolute value of LS from highest to lowest was used to contour cumulative sensitivity (CS). The 90% CS contour was used to define the sample volume. For both horizontal and vertical coplanar coil orientations, the longest dimension of the sample volume was at the surface along the main instrument axis with a length of about four times the intercoil spacing (s) with maximum thicknesses of about 1 and 0.3 s, respectively. The imaged distribution of spatial sensitivity within the sample volume is highly complex and should be considered in conjunction with the expected scale of heterogeneity before the use and interpretation of LIN FEM for mapping and profiling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2011.0003","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Callegary, J.B., Ferre, T., and Groom, R., 2012, Three-dimensional sensitivity distribution and sample volume of low-induction-number electromagnetic-induction instruments: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 76, no. 1, p. 85-91, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0003"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb346e4b08c986b325cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferre, T.P.A.","contributorId":196167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferre","given":"T.P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groom, R.W.","contributorId":59634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groom","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032405,"text":"70032405 - 2012 - Quantifying riverine surface currents from time sequences of thermal infrared imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70032405","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying riverine surface currents from time sequences of thermal infrared imagery","docAbstract":"River surface currents are quantified from thermal and visible band imagery using two methods. One method utilizes time stacks of pixel intensity to estimate the streamwise velocity at multiple locations. The other method uses particle image velocimetry to solve for optimal two-dimensional pixel displacements between successive frames. Field validation was carried out on the Wolf River, a small coastal plain river near Landon, Mississippi, United States, on 26-27 May 2010 by collecting imagery in association with in situ velocities sampled using electromagnetic current meters deployed 0.1 m below the river surface. Comparisons are made between mean in situ velocities and image-derived velocities from 23 thermal and 6 visible-band image sequences (5 min length) during daylight and darkness conditions. The thermal signal was a small apparent temperature contrast induced by turbulent mixing of a thin layer of cooler water near the river surface with underlying warmer water. The visible-band signal was foam on the water surface. For thermal imagery, streamwise velocities derived from the pixel time stack and particle image velocimetry technique were generally highly correlated to mean streamwise current meter velocities during darkness (r 2 typically greater than 0.9) and early morning daylight (r 2 typically greater than 0.83). Streamwise velocities from the pixel time stack technique had high correlation for visible-band imagery during early morning daylight hours with respect to mean current meter velocities (r 2 > 0.86). Streamwise velocities for the particle image velocimetry technique for visible-band imagery had weaker correlations with only three out of six correlations performed having an r 2 exceeding 0.6. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011WR010770","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Puleo, J., McKenna, T., Holland, K.T., and Calantoni, J., 2012, Quantifying riverine surface currents from time sequences of thermal infrared imagery: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010770.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474785,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr010770","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214063,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010770"},{"id":241750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91dbe4b0c8380cd804e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puleo, Jack A.","contributorId":108287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puleo","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, T.E.","contributorId":103819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, K. T.","contributorId":61013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calantoni, J.","contributorId":19382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calantoni","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032406,"text":"70032406 - 2012 - Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T12:55:45.584228","indexId":"70032406","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions","docAbstract":"1. Birds of marine environments have specialized glands to excrete salt, the saltglands. Located on the skull between the eyes, the size of these organs is expected to reflect their demand, which will vary with water turnover rates as a function of environmental (heat load, salinity of prey and drinking water) and organismal (energy demand, physiological state) factors. On the basis of inter- and intraspecific comparisons of saltgland mass (msg) in 29 species of shorebird (suborder Charadrii) from saline, fresh and mixed water habitats, we assessed the relative roles of organism and environment in determining measured msg species.
2. The allometric exponent, scaling dry msg to shorebird total body mass (mb), was significantly higher for coastal marine species (0Æ88, N = 19) than for nonmarine species (0Æ43, N = 14). Within the marine species, those ingesting bivalves intact had significantly higher msg than species eating soft-bodied invertebrates, indicating that seawater contained within the shells added to the salt load.
3. In red knots (Calidris canutus), dry msg varied with monthly averaged ambient temperature in a U-shaped way, with the lowest mass at 12Æ5 C. This probably reflects increased energy demand for thermoregulation at low temperatures and elevated respiratory water loss at high temperatures. In fuelling bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica), dry msg was positively correlated with intestine mass, an indicator of relative food intake rates. These findings suggest once more that saltgland masses vary within species (and presumably individuals) in relation to salt load, that is a function of energy turnover (thermoregulation and fuelling) and evaporative water needs.
4. Our results support the notion that msg is strongly influenced by habitat salinity, and also by factors influencing salt load and demand for osmotically free water including ambient temperature, prey type and energy intake rates. Saltglands are evidently highly flexible organs. The small size of saltglands when demands are low suggests that any time costs of adjustment are lower than the costs of maintaining a larger size in this small but essential piece of metabolic machinery.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, J., Dietz, M., Masero, J., Gill, R., Dekinga, A., Battley, P.F., Sanchez-Guzman, J.M., and Piersma, T., 2012, Functional ecology of saltglands in shorebirds: Flexible responses to variable environmental conditions: Functional Ecology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 236-244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01929.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1411e4b0c8380cd548bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, J.S.","contributorId":97334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietz, M.W.","contributorId":62842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masero, J.A.","contributorId":23773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masero","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dekinga, Anne","contributorId":52000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dekinga","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Battley, Phil F.","contributorId":27272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battley","given":"Phil","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanchez-Guzman, J. M.","contributorId":65677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez-Guzman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032288,"text":"70032288 - 2012 - Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T17:15:51.175409","indexId":"70032288","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of suture material (braided silk versus Monocryl) and relative ultrasonic transmitter size on healing, growth, mortality, and tag retention in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiment 1, 40 fish (205–281 mm total length [TL], 106–264 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT‐96–2 (23 × 7 mm; weight in air, 4.4 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) or IBT 96–2E (30 × 7 mm; weight in air, 4.9 g; weight in water, 2.4 g) ultrasonic telemetry tags. In experiment 2, 20 larger fish (342–405 mm TL; 520–844 g) were implanted with Sonotronics IBT‐96–5 ultrasonic tags (36 × 11 mm; weight in air, 9.1 g; weight in water, 4.1 g). The tag burdens for all implanted fish ranged from 1.1% to 3.4%, and fish in both studies were held at 10–15°C. At the conclusion of both experiments (65 d after surgery), no mortalities were observed in any of the 60 tagged fish, most incisions were completely healed, and all fish in both experiments grew in length, although tagged fish grew more slowly than control fish in experiment 1. In both experiments, fish sutured with silk expelled tags more frequently than those sutured with Monocryl. Expulsion was observed in 45–50% of the fish sutured with silk and 0–25% of the fish sutured with Monocryl. Tag expulsion was not observed until 25–35 d after surgery. Fish sutured with silk exhibited a more severe inflammatory response 3 weeks after surgery than those sutured with Monocryl. In experiment 1, the rate of expulsion was linked to the severity of inflammation. Although braided silk sutures were applied faster than Moncryl sutures in both experiments, knots tied with either material were equally reliable and fish sutured with Monocryl experienced less inflammation and lower rates of tag expulsion.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.651553","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Ivasauskas, T.J., Bettoli, P.W., and Holt, T., 2012, Effects of suture material and ultrasonic transmitter size on survival, growth, wound healing, and tag expulsion in rainbow trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 1, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.651553.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-022301","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07eee4b0c8380cd518df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivasauskas, Tomas J.","contributorId":84176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivasauskas","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holt, T.","contributorId":30469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032407,"text":"70032407 - 2012 - Numerical models of salt marsh evolution: Ecological, geomorphic, and climatic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70032407","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical models of salt marsh evolution: Ecological, geomorphic, and climatic factors","docAbstract":"Salt marshes are delicate landforms at the boundary between the sea and land. These ecosystems support a diverse biota that modifies the erosive characteristics of the substrate and mediates sediment transport processes. Here we present a broad overview of recent numerical models that quantify the formation and evolution of salt marshes under different physical and ecological drivers. In particular, we focus on the coupling between geomorphological and ecological processes and on how these feedbacks are included in predictive models of landform evolution. We describe in detail models that simulate fluxes of water, organic matter, and sediments in salt marshes. The interplay between biological and morphological processes often produces a distinct scarp between salt marshes and tidal flats. Numerical models can capture the dynamics of this boundary and the progradation or regression of the marsh in time. Tidal channels are also key features of the marsh landscape, flooding and draining the marsh platform and providing a source of sediments and nutrients to the marsh ecosystem. In recent years, several numerical models have been developed to describe the morphogenesis and long-term dynamics of salt marsh channels. Finally, salt marshes are highly sensitive to the effects of long-term climatic change. We therefore discuss in detail how numerical models have been used to determine salt marsh survival under different scenarios of sea level rise. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews of Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011RG000359","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Fagherazzi, S., Kirwan, M.L., Mudd, S., Guntenspergen, G., Temmerman, S., D'Alpaos, A., Van De Koppel, J., Rybczyk, J., Reyes, E., Craft, C., and Clough, J., 2012, Numerical models of salt marsh evolution: Ecological, geomorphic, and climatic factors: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 50, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000359.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474635,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":213598,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000359"},{"id":241242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6902e4b0c8380cd73b03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagherazzi, S.","contributorId":87375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagherazzi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, M. L.","contributorId":74094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mudd, S.M.","contributorId":19377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudd","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Temmerman, S.","contributorId":18099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temmerman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"D'Alpaos, A.","contributorId":52406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Alpaos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Van De Koppel, J.","contributorId":9875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Koppel","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rybczyk, J.M.","contributorId":41796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reyes, E.","contributorId":83886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Craft, C.","contributorId":67712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craft","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clough, J.","contributorId":84168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clough","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70035459,"text":"70035459 - 2012 - Fate and transport of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T17:23:00.33329","indexId":"70035459","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and transport of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND: Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a herbicide used widely throughout the world in the production of many crops and is heavily used on soybeans, corn and cotton. Glyphosate is used in almost all agricultural areas of the United States, and the agricultural use of glyphosate has increased from less than 10 000 Mg in 1992 to more than 80 000 Mg in 2007. The greatest intensity of glyphosate use is in the midwestern United States, where applications are predominantly to genetically modified corn and soybeans. In spite of the increase in usage across the United States, the characterization of the transport of glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on a watershed scale is lacking.
RESULTS: Glyphosate and AMPA were frequently detected in the surface waters of four agricultural basins. The frequency and magnitude of detections varied across basins, and the load, as a percentage of use, ranged from 0.009 to 0.86% and could be related to three general characteristics: source strength, rainfall runoff and flow route.
CONCLUSIONS: Glyphosate use in a watershed results in some occurrence in surface water; however, the watersheds most at risk for the offsite transport of glyphosate are those with high application rates, rainfall that results in overland runoff and a flow route that does not include transport through the soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.2212","issn":"1526498X","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., Kalkhoff, S.J., Capel, P.D., and Gregoire, C., 2012, Fate and transport of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins: Pest Management Science, v. 68, no. 1, p. 16-30, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2212.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215104,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2212"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f09e4b0c8380cd53722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gregoire, Caroline","contributorId":7576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"Caroline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032410,"text":"70032410 - 2012 - Hybrid-optimization algorithm for the management of a conjunctive-use project and well field design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:28:40","indexId":"70032410","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid-optimization algorithm for the management of a conjunctive-use project and well field design","docAbstract":"Hi‐Desert Water District (HDWD), the primary water‐management agency in the Warren Groundwater Basin, California, plans to construct a waste water treatment plant to reduce future septic‐tank effluent from reaching the groundwater system. The treated waste water will be reclaimed by recharging the groundwater basin via recharge ponds as part of a larger conjunctive‐use strategy. HDWD wishes to identify the least‐cost conjunctive‐use strategies for managing imported surface water, reclaimed water, and local groundwater. As formulated, the mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) groundwater‐management problem seeks to minimize water‐delivery costs subject to constraints including potential locations of the new pumping wells, California State regulations, groundwater‐level constraints, water‐supply demand, available imported water, and pump/recharge capacities. In this study, a hybrid‐optimization algorithm, which couples a genetic algorithm and successive‐linear programming, is developed to solve the MINLP problem. The algorithm was tested by comparing results to the enumerative solution for a simplified version of the HDWD groundwater‐management problem. The results indicate that the hybrid‐optimization algorithm can identify the global optimum. The hybrid‐optimization algorithm is then applied to solve a complex groundwater‐management problem. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to assess the impact of varying the new recharge pond orientation, varying the mixing ratio of reclaimed water and pumped water, and varying the amount of imported water available. The developed conjunctive management model can provide HDWD water managers with information that will improve their ability to manage their surface water, reclaimed water, and groundwater resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00828.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Chiu, Y., Nishikawa, T., and Martin, P., 2012, Hybrid-optimization algorithm for the management of a conjunctive-use project and well field design: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 1, p. 103-117, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00828.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00828.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32c0e4b0c8380cd5ea45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiu, Yung-Chia","contributorId":103134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiu","given":"Yung-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032609,"text":"70032609 - 2012 - Nekton density patterns and hurricane recovery in submerged aquatic vegetation, and along non-vegetated natural and created edge habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T15:42:06.424887","indexId":"70032609","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nekton density patterns and hurricane recovery in submerged aquatic vegetation, and along non-vegetated natural and created edge habitats","docAbstract":"We compared nekton habitat value of submerged aquatic vegetation, flooded non-vegetated natural and man-made edge habitats in mesohaline interior marsh areas in southwest Louisiana using a 1-m2 throw trap and 3-mm bag seine. When present, SAV habitats supported close to 4 times greater densities and higher species richness of nekton as compared to either natural or man-made edge habitats, which supported similar densities to one another. Three species of concern (bayou killifish, diamond killifish, chain pipefish) were targeted in the analysis, and two of the three were collected almost entirely in SAV habitat. During the course of the study, Hurricanes Ike and Gustav passed directly over the study sites in September 2008. Subsequent analyses indicated significant reductions in resident nekton density 1-mo post hurricanes, and only limited recovery 13-mo post-hurricane. Possible alteration of environmental characteristics such as scouring of SAV habitat, deposition of sediment over SAV, edge erosion and marsh loss, and extended high salinities may explain these lasting impacts
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2011.12.010","usgsCitation":"La Peyre, M., and Gordon, J., 2012, Nekton density patterns and hurricane recovery in submerged aquatic vegetation, and along non-vegetated natural and created edge habitats: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 98, p. 108-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.12.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"118","ipdsId":"IP-030101","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 29.815625356417822\n ],\n [\n -93.32061767578125,\n 29.815625356417822\n ],\n [\n -93.32061767578125,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 29.815625356417822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.37005615234375,\n 29.779873718177605\n ],\n [\n -93.13934326171875,\n 29.779873718177605\n ],\n [\n -93.13934326171875,\n 29.918042526070806\n ],\n [\n -93.37005615234375,\n 29.918042526070806\n ],\n [\n -93.37005615234375,\n 29.779873718177605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a643fe4b0c8380cd72952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Peyre, Megan 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":79375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, J.","contributorId":7885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032607,"text":"70032607 - 2012 - Holocene aridification of India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T18:01:59.995948","indexId":"70032607","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene aridification of India","docAbstract":"Spanning a latitudinal range typical for deserts, the Indian peninsula is fertile instead and sustains over a billion people through monsoonal rains. Despite the strong link between climate and society, our knowledge of the long‐term monsoon variability is incomplete over the Indian subcontinent. Here we reconstruct the Holocene paleoclimate in the core monsoon zone (CMZ) of the Indian peninsula using a sediment core recovered offshore from the mouth of Godavari River. Carbon isotopes of sedimentary leaf waxes provide an integrated and regionally extensive record of the flora in the CMZ and document a gradual increase in aridity‐adapted vegetation from ∼4,000 until 1,700 years ago followed by the persistence of aridity‐adapted plants after that. The oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminiferGlobigerinoides ruberdetects unprecedented high salinity events in the Bay of Bengal over the last 3,000 years, and especially after 1,700 years ago, which suggest that the CMZ aridification intensified in the late Holocene through a series of sub‐millennial dry episodes. Cultural changes occurred across the Indian subcontinent as the climate became more arid after ∼4,000 years. Sedentary agriculture took hold in the drying central and south India, while the urban Harappan civilization collapsed in the already arid Indus basin. The establishment of a more variable hydroclimate over the last ca. 1,700 years may have led to the rapid proliferation of water‐conservation technology in south India.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011GL050722","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Ponton, C., Giosan, L., Eglinton, T., Fuller, D., Johnson, J., Kumar, P., and Collett, T.S., 2012, Holocene aridification of India: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 3, L03704, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050722.","productDescription":"L03704, 6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474654,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl050722","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050722"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31d6e4b0c8380cd5e283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponton, C.","contributorId":20557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponton","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giosan, L.","contributorId":65292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giosan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eglinton, T.I.","contributorId":10565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eglinton","given":"T.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, D.Q.","contributorId":60454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, J.E.","contributorId":44857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kumar, P.","contributorId":45476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032320,"text":"70032320 - 2012 - Mercury speciation and transport via submarine groundwater discharge at a southern California coastal lagoon system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T21:14:55.639395","indexId":"70032320","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury speciation and transport via submarine groundwater discharge at a southern California coastal lagoon system","docAbstract":"We measured total mercury (HgT) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in coastal groundwater and seawater over a range of tidal conditions near Malibu Lagoon, California, and used 222Rn-derived estimates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to assess the flux of mercury species to nearshore seawater. We infer a groundwater-seawater mixing scenario based on salinity and temperature trends and suggest that increased groundwater discharge to the ocean during low tide transported mercury offshore. Unfiltered HgT (U-HgT) concentrations in groundwater (2.2–5.9 pM) and seawater (3.3–5.2 pM) decreased during a falling tide, with groundwater U-HgT concentrations typically lower than seawater concentrations. Despite the low HgT in groundwater, bioaccumulative MMHg was produced in onshore sediment as evidenced by elevated MMHg concentrations in groundwater (0.2–1 pM) relative to seawater (∼0.1 pM) throughout most of the tidal cycle. During low tide, groundwater appeared to transport MMHg to the coast, resulting in a 5-fold increase in seawater MMHg (from 0.1 to 0.5 pM). Similarly, filtered HgT (F-HgT) concentrations in seawater increased approximately 7-fold during low tide (from 0.5 to 3.6 pM). These elevated seawater F-HgT concentrations exceeded those in filtered and unfiltered groundwater during low tide, but were similar to seawater U-HgT concentrations, suggesting that enhanced SGD altered mercury partitioning and/or solubilization dynamics in coastal waters. Finally, we estimate that the SGD HgT and MMHg fluxes to seawater were 0.41 and 0.15 nmol m–2 d–1, respectively – comparable in magnitude to atmospheric and benthic fluxes in similar environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society.","doi":"10.1021/es202783u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ganguli, P., Conaway, C.H., Swarzenski, P.W., Izbicki, J., and Flegal, A., 2012, Mercury speciation and transport via submarine groundwater discharge at a southern California coastal lagoon system: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 1480-1488, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202783u.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1480","endPage":"1488","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202783u"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California Coastal Lagoon System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.68435859680176,\n 34.02861991381927\n ],\n [\n -118.67337226867674,\n 34.02861991381927\n ],\n [\n -118.67337226867674,\n 34.03900467904445\n ],\n [\n -118.68435859680176,\n 34.03900467904445\n ],\n [\n -118.68435859680176,\n 34.02861991381927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a542ee4b0c8380cd6cedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganguli, P.M.","contributorId":79717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganguli","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H. 0000-0002-0991-033X cconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-033X","contributorId":5074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher","email":"cconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flegal, A.R.","contributorId":64607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegal","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032534,"text":"70032534 - 2012 - Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:21","indexId":"70032534","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"The dynamic watershed acid-base chemistry model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC) was used to calculate target loads (TLs) of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition expected to be protective of aquatic health in lakes in the Adirondack ecoregion of New York. The TLs were calculated for two future dates (2050 and 2100) and three levels of protection against lake acidification (acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of 0, 20, and 50 eq L -1). Regional sulfur and nitrogen deposition estimates were combined with TLs to calculate exceedances. Target load results, and associated exceedances, were extrapolated to the regional population of Adirondack lakes. About 30% of Adirondack lakes had simulated TL of sulfur deposition less than 50 meq m -2 yr to protect lake ANC to 50 eq L -1. About 600 Adirondack lakes receive ambient sulfur deposition that is above this TL, in some cases by more than a factor of 2. Some critical criteria threshold values were simulated to be unobtainable in some lakes even if sulfur deposition was to be decreased to zero and held at zero until the specified endpoint year. We also summarize important lessons for the use of target loads in the management of acid-impacted aquatic ecosystems, such as those in North America, Europe, and Asia. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011171","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, T., Cosby, B., Driscoll, C.T., McDonnell, T., Herlihy, A., and Burns, D.A., 2012, Target loads of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition for protection of acid sensitive aquatic resources in the Adirondack Mountains, New York: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011171.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474639,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213974,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011171"},{"id":241652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3e2e4b08c986b31ff63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, T.J.","contributorId":83734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cosby, B.J.","contributorId":96455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosby","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonnell, T.C.","contributorId":82139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herlihy, A.T.","contributorId":31168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herlihy","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032536,"text":"70032536 - 2012 - Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-07T17:06:12.329819","indexId":"70032536","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned","docAbstract":"Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake produced 257 landslide dams, mainly situated along the eastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where rivers descend approximately 3,000 m into the Sichuan Basin. The largest of these dams blocked the Tongkou River (a tributary of the Fujiang River) at Tangjiashan. The blockage, consisting of 2.04 × 107 m3 of landslide debris, impounded a lake with a projected maximum volume of 3.15 × 108 m3, potentially inundating 8.92 km2 of terrain. Its creation during the rainy season and the possibility of an uncontrolled release posed a serious, impending threat to at least 1.3 million people downstream that could add substantially to the total of 69,200 individuals directly killed by the earthquake. Risk assessment of the blockage indicated that it was unlikely to collapse suddenly, and that eventual overtopping could be mitigated by notching the structure in order to create an engineered breach and achieve safe drainage of the lake. In addition to the installation of monitoring and warning instrumentation, for emergency planning we estimated several outburst scenarios equivalent to 20, 25, 33, and 50% of the dam failing suddenly, creating, respectively, 3.35, 3.84, 4.22, and 4.65 km2 of flooded area, and overbank water depths of 4.6, 5.1, 5.7, and 6.2 m, respectively, in Mianyang, the second largest city in Sichuan Province, 48 km downstream from the blockage. Based on these scenarios, recommendations and plans for excavating a sluiceway, draining the lake, and downstream evacuation were proposed and later were implemented successfully, with the blockage breached by overtopping on June 10, less than a month after dam emplacement. The peak discharge of the release only slightly exceeded the flood of record at Mianyang City. No lives were lost, and significant property damage was avoided. Post-breaching evaluation reveals how future similar mitigation can be improved. Although initial breach erosion was slow, later erosion was judged uncontrollably rapid; increased slope of the engineered channel and adoption of a compound, trapezoid–triangular cross-section can be considered, as can other measures to control the rate of breach incision. Evacuees from Mianyang City spent an unnecessarily long time (12 days) in temporary settlements; more precise risk management planning can reduce this time in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer- Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12665-010-0749-2","usgsCitation":"Cui, P., Dang, C., Zhuang, J., You, Y., Chen, X., and Scott, K.M., 2012, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 65, no. 4, p. 1055-1065, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0749-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1065","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Sichuan Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 102.12890625,\n 26.745610382199022\n ],\n [\n 104.150390625,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n 106.171875,\n 27.605670826465445\n ],\n [\n 106.171875,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n 105.8203125,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n 107.666015625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n 108.720703125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n 104.853515625,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n 103.18359375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n 100.546875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n 101.6015625,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n 99.755859375,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n 98.0859375,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n 97.734375,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n 98.87695312499999,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n 98.61328125,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n 102.12890625,\n 26.745610382199022\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4446e4b0c8380cd669ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cui, P.","contributorId":14649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dang, C.","contributorId":57671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dang","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhuang, J.","contributorId":97715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"You, Y.","contributorId":82541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"You","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, X.","contributorId":76527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032540,"text":"70032540 - 2012 - A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T21:58:43.196979","indexId":"70032540","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data","docAbstract":"Lake Turkana is one of the largest desert lakes in the world and is characterized by high degrees of inter- and intra-annual fluctuations. The hydrology and water balance of this lake have not been well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable ground truth datasets. Managing surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where in-situ data are either limited or unavailable. In this study, multi-source satellite-driven data such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, modelled runoff, evapotranspiration, and a digital elevation dataset were used to model Lake Turkana water levels from 1998 to 2009. Due to the unavailability of reliable lake level data, an approach is presented to calibrate and validate the water balance model of Lake Turkana using a composite lake level product of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and ENVISAT satellite altimetry data. Model validation results showed that the satellite-driven water balance model can satisfactorily capture the patterns and seasonal variations of the Lake Turkana water level fluctuations with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.90 and a Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.80 during the validation period (2004–2009). Model error estimates were within 10% of the natural variability of the lake. Our analysis indicated that fluctuations in Lake Turkana water levels are mainly driven by lake inflows and over-the-lake evaporation. Over-the-lake rainfall contributes only up to 30% of lake evaporative demand. During the modelling time period, Lake Turkana showed seasonal variations of 1–2 m. The lake level fluctuated in the range up to 4 m between the years 1998–2009. This study demonstrated the usefulness of satellite altimetry data to calibrate and validate the satellite-driven hydrological model for Lake Turkana without using any in-situ data. Furthermore, for Lake Turkana, we identified and outlined opportunities and challenges of using a calibrated satellite-driven water balance model for (i) quantitative assessment of the impact of basin developmental activities on lake levels and for (ii) forecasting lake level changes and their impact on fisheries. From this study, we suggest that globally available satellite altimetry data provide a unique opportunity for calibration and validation of hydrologic models in ungauged basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/hess-16-1-2012","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Senay, G., and Asante, K., 2012, A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474744,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012"}],"country":"Kenya","otherGeospatial":"Lake Turkana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.79345703125,\n 2.4162756547063857\n ],\n [\n 36.8701171875,\n 2.4162756547063857\n ],\n [\n 36.8701171875,\n 4.718777551249855\n ],\n [\n 35.79345703125,\n 4.718777551249855\n ],\n [\n 35.79345703125,\n 2.4162756547063857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":152206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","email":"senay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asante, K.O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":17051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032667,"text":"70032667 - 2012 - An experimental test and models of drift and dispersal processes of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) free embryos in the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:08:06","indexId":"70032667","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental test and models of drift and dispersal processes of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) free embryos in the Missouri River","docAbstract":"Free embryos of wild pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus were released in the Missouri River and captured at downstream sites through a 180-km reach of the river to examine ontogenetic drift and dispersal processes. Free embryos drifted primarily in the fastest portion of the river channel, and initial drift velocities for all age groups (mean = 0.66–0.70 m s−1) were only slightly slower than mean water column velocity (0.72 m s−1). During the multi-day long-distance drift period, drift velocities of all age groups declined an average of 9.7% day−1. Younger free embryos remained in the drift upon termination of the study; whereas, older age groups transitioned from drifting to settling during the study. Models based on growth of free embryos, drift behavior, size-related variations in drift rates, and channel hydraulic characteristics were developed to estimate cumulative distance drifted during ontogenetic development through a range of simulated water temperatures and velocity conditions. Those models indicated that the average free embryo would be expected to drift several hundred km during ontogenetic development. Empirical data and model results highlight the long-duration, long-distance drift and dispersal processes for pallid sturgeon early life stages. In addition, results provide a likely mechanism for lack of pallid sturgeon recruitment in fragmented river reaches where dams and reservoirs reduce the length of free-flowing river available for pallid sturgeon free embryos during ontogenetic development.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9925-9","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Braaten, P., Fuller, D., Lott, R., Ruggles, M., Brandt, T., Legare, R., and Holm, R., 2012, An experimental test and models of drift and dispersal processes of pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) free embryos in the Missouri River: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 93, no. 3, p. 377-392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9925-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"392","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9925-9"}],"volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea67e4b0c8380cd4883a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braaten, P.J.","contributorId":98857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, D.B.","contributorId":74116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5099,"text":"Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lott, R.D.","contributorId":93172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruggles, M.P.","contributorId":35964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggles","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brandt, T.F.","contributorId":72912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Legare, R.G.","contributorId":15323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legare","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holm, R.J.","contributorId":73831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035329,"text":"70035329 - 2012 - Seasonal habitat use and selection by grizzly bears in Northern British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T18:10:27.798936","indexId":"70035329","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal habitat use and selection by grizzly bears in Northern British Columbia","docAbstract":"We defined patterns of habitat use and selection by female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in the Besa-Prophet watershed of northern British Columbia. We fitted 13 adult females with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) radio-collars and monitored them between 2001 and 2004. We examined patterns of habitat selection by grizzly bears relative to topographical attributes and 3 potential surrogates of food availability: land-cover class, vegetation biomass or quality (as measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and selection value for prey species themselves (moose [Alces alces], elk [Cervus elaphus], woodland caribou [Rangifer tarandus]. Stone's sheep [Ovis dalli stonei]). Although vegetation biomass and quality, and selection values for prey were important in seasonal selection by some individual bears, land-cover class, elevation, aspect, and vegetation diversity most influenced patterns of habitat selection across grizzly bears, which rely on availability of plant foods and encounters with ungulate prey. Grizzly bears as a group avoided conifer stands and areas of low vegetation diversity, and selected for burned land-cover classes and high vegetation diversity across seasons. They also selected mid elevations from what was available within seasonal ranges. Quantifying relative use of different attributes helped place selection patterns within the context of the landscape. Grizzly bears used higher elevations (1,595 ± 31 m SE) in spring and lower elevations (1,436 ± 27 m) in fall; the range of average elevations used among individuals was highest (500 m) during the summer. During all seasons, grizzly bears most frequented aspects with high solar gain. Use was distributed across 10 land-cover classes and depended on season. Management and conservation actions must maintain a diverse habitat matrix distributed across a large elevational gradient to ensure persistence of grizzly bears as levels of human access increase in the northern Rocky Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.235","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Milakovic, B., Parker, K., Gustine, D., Lay, R., Walker, A., and Gillingham, M., 2012, Seasonal habitat use and selection by grizzly bears in Northern British Columbia: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 76, no. 1, p. 170-180, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.235.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474832,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.235","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215192,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.235"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Northern British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -139.04296875,\n 60.1524422143808\n ],\n [\n -134.47265625,\n 56.36525013685606\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 54.16243396806779\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 53.85252660044951\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 59.88893689676585\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88aee4b08c986b316ad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milakovic, B.","contributorId":100618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milakovic","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, K.L.","contributorId":102280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustine, D.D.","contributorId":82536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lay, R.J.","contributorId":49986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lay","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, A.B.D.","contributorId":84169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"A.B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gillingham, M.P.","contributorId":76555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillingham","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032417,"text":"70032417 - 2012 - PhyloChipTM microarray comparison of sampling methods used for coral microbial ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T15:41:40.793958","indexId":"70032417","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2390,"text":"Journal of Microbiological Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"PhyloChipTM microarray comparison of sampling methods used for coral microbial ecology","title":"PhyloChipTM microarray comparison of sampling methods used for coral microbial ecology","docAbstract":"Interest in coral microbial ecology has been increasing steadily over the last decade, yet standardized methods of sample collection still have not been defined. Two methods were compared for their ability to sample coral-associated microbial communities: tissue punches and foam swabs, the latter being less invasive and preferred by reef managers. Four colonies of star coral, Montastraea annularis, were sampled in the Dry Tortugas National Park (two healthy and two with white plague disease). The PhyloChip™ G3 microarray was used to assess microbial community structure of amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences. Samples clustered based on methodology rather than coral colony. Punch samples from healthy and diseased corals were distinct. All swab samples clustered closely together with the seawater control and did not group according to the health state of the corals. Although more microbial taxa were detected by the swab method, there is a much larger overlap between the water control and swab samples than punch samples, suggesting some of the additional diversity is due to contamination from water absorbed by the swab. While swabs are useful for noninvasive studies of the coral surface mucus layer, these results show that they are not optimal for studies of coral disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2011.10.019","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., Piceno, Y., Tom, L.M., DeSantis, T.Z., Zawada, D., and Andersen, G., 2012, PhyloChipTM microarray comparison of sampling methods used for coral microbial ecology: Journal of Microbiological Methods, v. 88, no. 1, p. 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2011.10.019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.76726111255684,\n 24.668880028267623\n ],\n [\n -82.76808893731325,\n 24.70347980045176\n ],\n [\n -82.80244366469317,\n 24.726039692971767\n ],\n [\n -82.8670139956724,\n 24.725287762430412\n ],\n [\n -82.90012698591825,\n 24.717768207105777\n ],\n [\n -82.96635296640954,\n 24.647814596972225\n ],\n [\n -82.96511122927551,\n 24.5657760529391\n ],\n [\n -82.89722959927172,\n 24.566528944544928\n ],\n [\n -82.79996019042464,\n 24.616209786360997\n ],\n [\n -82.76767502493483,\n 24.668880028267623\n ],\n [\n -82.76726111255684,\n 24.668880028267623\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a4be4b0c8380cd78e33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piceno, Yvette M.","contributorId":66977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piceno","given":"Yvette M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tom, Lauren M.","contributorId":92938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tom","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeSantis, Todd Z.","contributorId":101158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSantis","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andersen, Gary L.","contributorId":20679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70032283,"text":"70032283 - 2012 - The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T17:49:49.83412","indexId":"70032283","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California","docAbstract":"Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of 280–600 g m−2 yr−1. The biotic/abiotic (A/B) interface separates seasonally reversible nutrient gradients, reflecting biological cycling in the shallower soils, from downward chemical weathering gradients in the deeper soils. The A/B interface is pedologically defined by argillic clay horizons centered at soil depths of about one meter which intensify with soil age. Below these horizons, elevated solute Na/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios reflect plagioclase and smectite weathering along pore water flow paths. Above the A/B interface, lower cation ratios denote temporal variability due to seasonal plant nutrient uptake and litter leaching. Potassium and Ca exhibit no seasonal variability beneath the A/B interface, indicating closed nutrient cycling within the root zone, whereas Mg variability below the A/B interface denotes downward leakage resulting from higher inputs of marine aerosols and lower plant nutrient requirements.
The fraction of a mineral nutrient annually cycled through the plants, compared to that lost from pore water discharge, is defined their respective fluxes Fj,plants = qj,plants/(qj,plants + qj,discharge) with average values for K and Ca (FK,plants = 0.99; FCa,plants = 0.93) much higher than for Mg and Na (FMg,plants 0.64; FNa,plants = 0.28). The discrimination against Rb and Sr by plants is described by fractionation factors (KSr/Ca = 0.86; KRb/K = 0.83) which are used in Rayleigh fractionation-mixing calculations to fit seasonal patterns in solute K and Ca cycling. KRb/K and
Carbon and nitrogen are crucial to semiarid woodlands, determining decomposition, production and redistribution of water and nutrients. Carbon and nitrogen are often greater beneath canopies than intercanopies. Upslope vs. downslope position and ephemeral channels might also cause variation in C and N. Yet, few studies have simultaneously evaluated spatial variation associated with canopy–intercanopy patches and topography. We estimated C and N upslope and downslope in an eroding piñon–juniper woodland for canopies beneath piñons (Pinus edulis) and junipers, (Juniperus monosperma), intercanopies, and ephemeral channels. Soil C and N in the surface and profile beneath canopies exceeded that of intercanopies and channels. Relative to intercanopies, channels had more profile C upslope but less downslope (profile N was not significant). Relative to upslope, profile C downslope for intercanopies was greater and for channels was less (profile N was not significant). Relative to profile, surface soil C and N exhibited less heterogeneity. Although some topographic heterogeneity was detected, results did not collectively support our redistribution hypotheses, and we are unable to distinguish if this heterogeneity is due to in situ or redistribution effects. Nonetheless, results highlight finer topographical spatial variation in addition to predominant canopy and intercanopy variation that is applicable for semiarid woodland management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029","usgsCitation":"Law, D., Breshears, D.D., Ebinger, M.H., Meyer, C.W., and Allen, C.D., 2012, Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 79, p. 20-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pajarito Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -103.095703125,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e0e4b08c986b319b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebinger, Michael H.","contributorId":11431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Clifton W.","contributorId":43164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035521,"text":"70035521 - 2012 - Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T12:57:50.879427","indexId":"70035521","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands","docAbstract":"Remote sensing imagery can be an invaluable resource to quantify land change in coastal wetlands. Obtaining an accurate measure of land change can, however, be complicated by differences in fluvial and tidal inundation experienced when the imagery is captured. This study classified Landsat imagery from two wetland areas in coastal Louisiana from 1983 to 2010 into categories of land and water. Tide height, river level, and date were used as independent variables in a multiple regression model to predict land area in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) and compare those estimates with an adjacent marsh area lacking direct fluvial inputs. Coefficients of determination from regressions using both measures of water level along with date as predictor variables of land extent in the WLD, were higher than those obtained using the current methodology which only uses date to predict land change. Land change trend estimates were also improved when the data were divided by time period. Water level corrected land gain in the WLD from 1983 to 2010 was 1 km2 year−1, while rates in the adjacent marsh remained roughly constant. This approach of isolating environmental variability due to changing water levels improves estimates of actual land change in a dynamic system, so that other processes that may control delta development such as hurricanes, floods, and sediment delivery, may be further investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9437-z","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Allen, Y., Couvillion, B., and Barras, J., 2012, Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 1, p. 190-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9437-z.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"200","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Lousianna","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Deltas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.6314697265625,\n 29.703560887190708\n ],\n [\n -91.65481567382812,\n 29.543593066460595\n ],\n [\n -91.51199340820312,\n 29.30077105450428\n ],\n [\n -91.30462646484375,\n 29.31154884819602\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 29.433617570990965\n ],\n [\n -91.6314697265625,\n 29.703560887190708\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc019e4b08c986b329f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Y.C.","contributorId":63761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Y.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couvillion, B.R. 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":26540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032658,"text":"70032658 - 2012 - Verifiable metamodels for nitrate losses to drains and groundwater in the Corn Belt, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:18:55","indexId":"70032658","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Verifiable metamodels for nitrate losses to drains and groundwater in the Corn Belt, USA","docAbstract":"Nitrate leaching in the unsaturated zone poses a risk to groundwater, whereas nitrate in tile drainage is conveyed directly to streams. We developed metamodels (MMs) consisting of artificial neural networks to simplify and upscale mechanistic fate and transport models for prediction of nitrate losses by drains and leaching in the Corn Belt, USA. The two final MMs predicted nitrate concentration and flux, respectively, in the shallow subsurface. Because each MM considered both tile drainage and leaching, they represent an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment. The MMs used readily available data comprising farm fertilizer nitrogen (N), weather data, and soil properties as inputs; therefore, they were well suited for regional extrapolation. The MMs effectively related the outputs of the underlying mechanistic model (Root Zone Water Quality Model) to the inputs (R2 = 0.986 for the nitrate concentration MM). Predicted nitrate concentration was compared with measured nitrate in 38 samples of recently recharged groundwater, yielding a Pearson’s r of 0.466 (p = 0.003). Predicted nitrate generally was higher than that measured in groundwater, possibly as a result of the time-lag for modern recharge to reach well screens, denitrification in groundwater, or interception of recharge by tile drains. In a qualitative comparison, predicted nitrate concentration also compared favorably with results from a previous regression model that predicted total N in streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es202875e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Malone, R.W., Gronberg, J., Thorp, K., and Ma, L., 2012, Verifiable metamodels for nitrate losses to drains and groundwater in the Corn Belt, USA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 901-908, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202875e.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-031037","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202875e"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc218e4b08c986b32a905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorp, K.R.","contributorId":38370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorp","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032280,"text":"70032280 - 2012 - Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032280","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline","docAbstract":"Animals use proximate cues to select resources that maximize individual fitness. When animals have a diverse array of available habitats, those selected could give insights into true habitat preferences. Since the construction of the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River in North Dakota, Lake Sakakawea (SAK) has become an important breeding area for federally threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers). We used conditional logistic regression to examine nest-site selection at fine scales (1, 3, and 10 m) during summers 2006-2009 by comparing characteristics at 351 nests to those of 668 random sites within nesting territories. Plovers selected sites (1 m 2) that were lower than unused random sites, increasing the risk of nest inundation. Plovers selected nest sites that were flat, had little silt, and at least 1 cobble; they also selected for 3-m radius nest areas that were relatively flat and devoid of vegetation and litter. Ninety percent of nests had <38% coverage of silt and <10% slope at the site, and <15% coverage of vegetation or litter and <31% slope within the 3-m radius. Gravel was selected for at nest sites (11% median), but against in the area 10-m from the nest, suggesting plovers select for patches or strips of gravel. Although elevation is rarely evaluated in studies of ground-nesting birds, our results underscore its importance in habitat-selection studies. Relative to where plovers historically nested, habitat at SAK has more diverse topography, substrate composition, vegetation communities, and greater water-level fluctuations. Accordingly, our results provide an example of how habitat-selection results can be interpreted as habitat preferences because they are not influenced by desired habitats being scarce or absent. Further, our results will be useful for directing habitat conservation for plovers and interpreting other habitat-selection studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., Sherfy, M., and Wiltermuth, M., 2012, Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474675,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347"},{"id":242410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ccbe4b08c986b318129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherfy, M. H. 0000-0003-3016-4105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":42561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"M. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltermuth, M.T.","contributorId":38791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032282,"text":"70032282 - 2012 - Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T18:14:43.237769","indexId":"70032282","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2038,"text":"International Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA","docAbstract":"Natural stream channel design principles and riparian restoration practices were applied during spring 2010 to an agriculturally impaired reach of the Cacapon River, a tributary of the Potomac River which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled from the restoration reach, two degraded control, and two natural reference reaches prior to, concurrently with, and following restoration (2009 through 2010). Collector filterers and scrapers replaced collector gatherers as the dominant macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in the restoration reach. Before restoration, based on indices of biotic integrity (IBI), the restoration reach fish and macroinvertebrate communities closely resembled those sampled from the control reaches, and after restoration more closely resembled those from the reference reaches. Although the macroinvertebrate community responded more favorably than the fish community, both communities recovered quickly from the temporary impairment caused by the disturbance of restoration procedures and suggest rapid improvement in local ecological conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","doi":"10.1155/2012/753634","issn":"16879708","usgsCitation":"Selego, S., Rose, C., Merovich, G., Welsh, S.A., and Anderson, J.T., 2012, Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA: International Journal of Ecology, v. 2012, 753634, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634.","productDescription":"753634, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474825,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cacapon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 39.626317118524305\n ],\n [\n -78.50898742675781,\n 39.385794515093885\n ],\n [\n -78.50349426269531,\n 39.32633057389337\n ],\n [\n -78.38539123535156,\n 39.4011831782916\n ],\n [\n -78.30162048339844,\n 39.51940325790628\n ],\n [\n -78.27896118164061,\n 39.57764412395192\n ],\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 39.626317118524305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80ce4b0c8380cd4ce54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selego, S.M.","contributorId":53616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selego","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, C.L.","contributorId":14654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merovich, G.T. Jr.","contributorId":17438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merovich","given":"G.T.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":217037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157122,"text":"70157122 - 2012 - The paleohydrology of unsaturated and saturated zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T15:53:01.443707","indexId":"70157122","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The paleohydrology of unsaturated and saturated zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and vicinity","docAbstract":"Surface, unsaturated-zone, and saturated-zone hydrologic conditions at Yucca Mountain responded to past climate variations and are at least partly preserved by sediment, fossil, and mineral records. Characterizing past hydrologic conditions in surface and subsurface environments helps to constrain hydrologic responses expected under future climate conditions and improve predictions of repository performance. Furthermore, these records provide a better understanding of hydrologic processes that operate at time scales not readily measured by other means. Pleistocene climates in southern Nevada were predominantly wetter and colder than the current interglacial period. Cyclic episodes of aggradation and incision in Fortymile Wash, which drains the eastern slope of Yucca Mountain, are closely linked to Pleistocene climate cycles. Formation of pedogenic cement is favored under wetter Pleistocene climates, consistent with increased soil moisture and vegetation, higher chemical solubility, and greater evapotranspiration relative to Holocene soil conditions. The distribution and geochemistry of secondary minerals in subsurface fractures and cavities reflect unsaturated-zone hydrologic conditions and the response of the hydrogeologic system to changes in temperature and percolation flux over the last 12.8 m.y. Physical and fluid-inclusion evidence indicates that secondary calcite and opal formed in air-filled cavities from fluids percolating downward through connected fracture pathways in the unsaturated zone. Oxygen, strontium, and carbon isotope data from calcite are consistent with a descending meteoric water source but also indicate that water compositions and temperatures evolved through time. Geochronological data indicate that secondary mineral growth rates are less than 1–5 mm/m.y., and have remained approximately uniform over the last 10 m.y. or longer. These data are interpreted as evidence for hydrological stability despite large differences in surface moisture caused by climate shifts between the Miocene and Pleistocene and between Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. Secondary mineral distribution and δ18O profiles indicate that evaporation in the shallower welded tuffs reduces infiltration fluxes. Several near-surface and subsurface processes likely are responsible for diverting or dampening infiltration and percolation, resulting in buffering of percolation fluxes to the deeper unsaturated zone. Cooler and wetter Pleistocene climates resulted in increased recharge in upland areas and higher water tables at Yucca Mountain and throughout the region. Discharge deposits in the Amargosa Desert were active during glacial periods, but only in areas where the modern water table is within 7–30 m of the surface. Published groundwater models simulate water-table rises beneath Yucca Mountain of as much as 150 m during glacial climates. However, most evidence from Fortymile Canyon up gradient from Yucca Mountain limits water-table rises to 30 m or less, which is consistent with evidence from discharge sites in the Amargosa Desert. The isotopic compositions of uranium in tuffs spanning the water table in two Yucca Mountain boreholes indicate that Pleistocene water-table rises likely were restricted to 25–50 m above modern positions and are in approximate agreement with water-table rises estimated from zeolitic-to-vitric transitions in the Yucca Mountain tuffs (less than 60 m in the last 11.6 m.y.).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Southern Nevada and California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2012.1209(05)","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., and Whelan, J.F., 2012, The paleohydrology of unsaturated and saturated zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and vicinity, chap. of Hydrology and geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Southern Nevada and California, p. 219-276, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.1209(05).","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"276","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010283","costCenters":[{"id":5045,"text":"Yucca Mountain Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.60476684570312,\n 36.78949107451841\n ],\n [\n -116.60476684570312,\n 37.06065672157509\n ],\n [\n -116.16531372070312,\n 37.06065672157509\n ],\n [\n -116.16531372070312,\n 36.78949107451841\n ],\n [\n -116.60476684570312,\n 36.78949107451841\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb70be4b058f706e53f1a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571741,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":29792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}