Patches of Buffalo till record the earliest glaciation in the southwestern Wind River Mountains. In places, these rest in youthful valleys cut in high gravel terrace. Two other younger and lower terraces are both topographically and stratigraphically associated with Buffalo till, which may indicate that the Buffalo advance was compound. The pattern of well-preserved moraines shows that during both Bull Lake and Pine-dale time the west-central portion of the range was covered by a mountain icecap from which piedmont glaciers flowed to the floor of the Bridger Basin. In the southern part of the range the glaciers were confined to valleys. Bull Lake stage is clearly double; two large, weathered, and modified moraines are present in several valleys. Each is associated with an extensive outwash plain and valley train.
The Pinedale stage is recorded by massive, fresh, slightly modified moraines behind which are many recessional moraines. Extensive outwash aprons lead outward from the massive Pinedale moraines, and a small lower terrace can be traced through the main Pinedale moraine to the recessional loops. In several upper valleys well-formed slightly weathered small moraines of the Temple Lake stage occur within 2 miles of cirque head-walls. A terrace below the younger Pinedale outwash is correlated with the Temple Lake stage. In sheltered cirques, small very fresh moraines, probably from the Little Ice Age, occur upstream from the Temple Lake moraines and a few yards from existing small glaciers. The sequence of glacial deposits in this region is typical of many ranges in the Rocky Mountain region.
Outwash terraces of the Bull Lake, Pinedale, and Temple stages have been traced down the Big Sandy valley nearly to the Green River and down the Sweetwater valley to the North Platte. Thus the Green-Colorado and Platte-Missouri drainages are linked across the Continental Divide by means of traceable outwash deposits. Eolian action was pronounced in the Eden valley during Bull Lake, Pinedale, and post-Pinedale time, and in the East Fork valley during Pinedale time. Frost action features record two phases of intensity in areas formerly covered by Pinedale glaciers: an earlier phase synchronous with the Temple Lake advance, a later during the Little Ice Age. Pollen profiles in the Eden valley show a climatic change during post-Pinedale time, notably a grass maximum which was probably contemporaneous with the Temple Lake advance and the occupation of the Finley site by Early Man.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[629:PGOTSW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holmes, G., and Moss, J., 1955, Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 629-654, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[629:PGOTSW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"654","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, G.W.","contributorId":69215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, J.H.","contributorId":38772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216133,"text":"70216133 - 1955 - Age determinations on some rocks from the Boulder batholith and other batholiths of Western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T21:10:52.688074","indexId":"70216133","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T15:02:05","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age determinations on some rocks from the Boulder batholith and other batholiths of Western Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[607:ADOSRF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Chapman, R.W., Gottfried, D., and Waring, C., 1955, Age determinations on some rocks from the Boulder batholith and other batholiths of Western Montana: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 5, p. 607-609, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[607:ADOSRF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"609","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Western Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -109.51171875,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -109.51171875,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 44.402391829093915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Randolph W.","contributorId":86057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottfried, David","contributorId":82295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottfried","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waring, Claude L.","contributorId":52241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"Claude L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216132,"text":"70216132 - 1955 - Quantitative analysis for Thorium by X-ray fluorescence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T20:59:36.441643","indexId":"70216132","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T14:55:12","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis for Thorium by X-ray fluorescence","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.122.3158.72","usgsCitation":"King, A., and Dunton, P.J., 1955, Quantitative analysis for Thorium by X-ray fluorescence: Science, v. 122, no. 3158, p. 72-72, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.122.3158.72.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3158","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, A.G.","contributorId":39883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunton, P. J.","contributorId":36193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunton","given":"P.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216131,"text":"70216131 - 1955 - Discussion of symposium on land erosion “Piping”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T20:42:21.134363","indexId":"70216131","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T14:25:59","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of symposium on land erosion “Piping”","docAbstract":"The present writers are familiar only with the Picacho and San Pedro areas, among those cited by the authors, and therefore limit discussion to the occurrence of earth cracks in these areas.
The existence of piping is not questioned, and the five conditions suggested by the authors are a justified explanation in the San Pedro area, for example. It is thought, however, that some of the phenomena described as piping are earth cracks whose origins are governed by factors other than those outlined. Once formed, certain earth cracks may facilitate the development of piping by providing ready access to downward and lateral movement of water.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i002p00342-2","usgsCitation":"Heindl, L., Feth, J.H., Fletcher, J., Harris, K., Peterson, H., and Chandler, V., 1955, Discussion of symposium on land erosion “Piping”: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 2, p. 342-345, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i002p00342-2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"342","endPage":"345","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Picacho Peak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4511489868164,\n 32.588477769459146\n ],\n [\n -111.34952545166016,\n 32.588477769459146\n ],\n [\n -111.34952545166016,\n 32.67319386666782\n ],\n [\n -111.4511489868164,\n 32.67319386666782\n ],\n [\n -111.4511489868164,\n 32.588477769459146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heindl, L.A.","contributorId":52150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heindl","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feth, J. H.","contributorId":50495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, J.E.","contributorId":244572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, Karl","contributorId":177181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, H.B.","contributorId":244573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chandler, V.N.","contributorId":244574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chandler","given":"V.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70216130,"text":"70216130 - 1955 - Origin of the upland silt near Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T20:20:59.385925","indexId":"70216130","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T14:06:58","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the upland silt near Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"Silt mantles the upland slopes and ridge tops throughout the unglaciated interior of Alaska, reaching maximum thickness along the north side of the Tanana River Valley. The silt is probably loess deposited during glacial advances by south winds blowing from the glaciated Alaska Range across outwash plains in the Tanana Valley.
In the Fairbanks area, where it is best exposed, the upland silt is 1–80 feet thick on tops of low hills, 50–150 feet above the valley floor. It is 10–100 feet thick on middle slopes of higher hills and thins to a few feet on the higher slopes of ridges 800–2000 feet above the valley. Much silt has been reworked and moved by stream erosion into valley bottoms where it forms a fill 10–300 feet thick.
The upland silt is well sorted. The texture and mineral composition are uniform throughout the Yukon-Tanana upland, whether the silt overlies schist, chert, granite or basalt. The silt stands in sheer cliffs and is massive, showing little or no stratification.
During the
past 50 years, fluviatile, marine, estuarine, lacustrine, residual, and eolian hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of the upland silt. The fluviatile marine and estuarine hypotheses never had strong support, but the lacustrine concept was popular in the early part of the century.
Most of the upland silt is considered to be wind blown, derived from glacial outwash because: (1) it occurs as a surficial mantle (2) it is lithologically independent of the underlying material, (3) stratification is indistinct or absent, (4) it is associated with sand dunes and ventifacts, (5) it contains fossils of air-breathing land animals, (6) the sorting and texture are similar to upper Mississippi Valley loess and wind-blown dust, (7) the grains are angular and relatively fresh, and (8) loess is being deposited in the region today.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[699:OOTUSN]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pewe, T.L., 1955, Origin of the upland silt near Fairbanks, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 699-724, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[699:OOTUSN]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"724","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 64.32087157990324\n ],\n [\n -145.43701171875,\n 64.32087157990324\n ],\n [\n -145.43701171875,\n 65.59480042624011\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 65.59480042624011\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 64.32087157990324\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pewe, T. L.","contributorId":35786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pewe","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216129,"text":"70216129 - 1955 - A pumping‐test method for the determination of specific yield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T20:06:12.419793","indexId":"70216129","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T13:57:48","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A pumping‐test method for the determination of specific yield","docAbstract":"The specific yield of a water‐table aquifer is one measure of the amount of water within the aquifer that is available for recovery (development). It is expressed as a percentage or decimal fraction of the total volume of material of which the aquifer is composed. The specific yield may be determined during the course of an equilibrium pumping test by comparing the volume of dewatered material in the cone of depression with the total volume of discharge water. An equation is developed theoretically that expresses the volume of dewatered material in terms of test data. A related equation indicates the magnitude of losses at the pumped well. These equations were tested by applying them to test data tabulated in ground‐water literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i002p00321","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Lang, S., 1955, A pumping‐test method for the determination of specific yield: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 2, p. 321-325, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i002p00321.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"325","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lang, S.M.","contributorId":34108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216128,"text":"70216128 - 1955 - Catoctin formation near Luray, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T19:57:20.366467","indexId":"70216128","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T13:22:31","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Catoctin formation near Luray, Virginia","docAbstract":"In the Blue Ridge Province of northern Virginia, Maryland, and southern Pennsylvania the established lower Cambrian beds are underlain by a thick sequence of greenstone and interbedded sedimentary rocks known as the Catoctin formation. In an effort to determine the thickness of the formation, its relationship to overlying and underlying rocks, and the original nature of the lavas from which the Catoctin greenstone was derived, an area near Luray, Virginia, was studied. There the Catoctin formation lies unconformably on granitic rocks. Its basal sedimentary layer ranges from a few inches to 150 feet thick and contains pebbles of underlying plutonic rocks. The erosion surface beneath the Catoctin is irregular, and in several places hills up to 750 feet high were buried beneath the Catoctin lavas. No important time break is indicated between the deposition of the Catoctin formation and of the overlying Cambrian sediments, and the Catoctin may be early Cambrian.
Mineralogy, chemical composition, and primary structures indicate that the original Catoctin lavas were basaltic in composition and were probably normal plateau basalts. Columnar joints, amygdules, sedimentary dikes, flow breccias, low-dipping primary joints, and other primary structures are well preserved, and the flows in this area are believed to have been subaerial.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[871:CFNLV]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Reed, J.C., 1955, Catoctin formation near Luray, Virginia: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 7, p. 871-896, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[871:CFNLV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"896","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Near Luray, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.53851318359375,\n 38.60506646289451\n ],\n [\n -78.34899902343749,\n 38.60506646289451\n ],\n [\n -78.34899902343749,\n 38.70908932739828\n ],\n [\n -78.53851318359375,\n 38.70908932739828\n ],\n [\n -78.53851318359375,\n 38.60506646289451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J. C. Jr.","contributorId":97063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216127,"text":"70216127 - 1955 - Effect of western drought on the water resources of Safford Valley, Arizona, 1940–1952","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T18:47:47.044135","indexId":"70216127","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T12:43:35","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of western drought on the water resources of Safford Valley, Arizona, 1940–1952","docAbstract":"Records of precipitation, runoff in the Gila River, ground‐water withdrawals for irrigation, and changes in ground‐water level in Safford Valley, Arizona, provide a basis for noting the effect of wet and dry periods on the hydrologic cycle. An unusually wet period 1940–1941, was followed by a period of drought, l942–1952. The irrigable area is limited by natural causes, the area irrigated with surface water is effectively limited by court decree, and less than 1000 acres are irrigated exclusively from wells. Thus relatively little expansion in this irrigated area has occurred during the period concerned to obscure the climatic effects, although cultivation has been more intensive in recent years and the water demand has been correspondingly larger. The wet period of above‐normal stream flow and ground‐water levels provided a cushion that delayed and reduced the effects of the drought. As the ground‐water‐storage in the valley is relatively small, however, withdrawals of ground water as a supplemental supply for irrigation eventually lowered water levels sufficiently to reduce well yields. The concentration of dissolved mineral matter increased in the remaining ground water, making it less desirable for irrigation use than previously.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i001p00087","usgsCitation":"Cushman, R., and Halpenny, L.C., 1955, Effect of western drought on the water resources of Safford Valley, Arizona, 1940–1952: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 1, p. 87-94, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i001p00087.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Safford Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.92370605468749,\n 32.61161640317033\n ],\n [\n -109.4622802734375,\n 32.61161640317033\n ],\n [\n -109.4622802734375,\n 33.04090311724091\n ],\n [\n -109.92370605468749,\n 33.04090311724091\n ],\n [\n -109.92370605468749,\n 32.61161640317033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, R.L.","contributorId":102859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halpenny, L. C.","contributorId":120299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpenny","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216125,"text":"70216125 - 1955 - Water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T18:41:08.944031","indexId":"70216125","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T12:36:22","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water analysis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60100a613","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., and Thatcher, L., 1955, Water analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 680-690, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60100a613.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"690","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. K.","contributorId":27419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, L.","contributorId":38708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216119,"text":"70216119 - 1955 - Estimates of the abundances of some chemical elements and their reliability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T18:06:10.451009","indexId":"70216119","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T11:58:58","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of the abundances of some chemical elements and their reliability","docAbstract":"During the past thirty years the development of improved methods of analysis, especially optical spectrography, x-ray spectrography, and colorimetric methods, has resulted in a wealth of new data on the abundances of many elements. Nevertheless, present estimates differ greatly in reliability; some, such as the estimate for bismuth, are based on very few actual determinations, whereas others, such as that for gallium, are based on analyses of many samples.
This paper reviews the estimates of abundance for the elements bismuth, germanium, gallium, and yttrium, taken as examples to illustrate the wide variation in reliability. For gallium and yttrium, a study has been made of spectrographic analyses by four laboratories of more than 600 chemically analyzed rocks from many areas of the world. Comparison shows that these furnish valuable data on abundance, although attention must be directed to regional variation. The comparison also shows the need for continued interlaboratory standardization.
The estimate for bismuth is based on so few determinations that no appraisal of its accuracy can be made. The estimate for germanium is based on very few determinations but is almost certainly of the right order of magnitude, though perhaps slightly too high. The estimates for gallium and yttrium, based on many determinations, are almost certainly of the right order of magnitude, though that for gallium may be slightly low and that for yttrium may be substantially low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE62-p145","usgsCitation":"Fleischer, M., 1955, Estimates of the abundances of some chemical elements and their reliability: GSA Special Papers, v. 62, p. 145-154, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE62-p145.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleischer, Michael","contributorId":65835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216118,"text":"70216118 - 1955 - Geologic thermometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T17:58:00.105813","indexId":"70216118","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-05T11:51:32","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic thermometry","docAbstract":"The methods of measuring and estimating temperatures of geologic processes are examined critically. Data for some of the more accurate methods of wide geologic application are summarized by means of tables and graphs. Attention is called especially to two methods that have been used increasingly the last several years: (1) study of liquid inclusions and (2) determination of fractionation of stable isotopes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE62-p465","usgsCitation":"Ingerson, E., 1955, Geologic thermometry: GSA Special Papers, v. 62, p. 465-488, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE62-p465.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"465","endPage":"488","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingerson, E.","contributorId":48305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingerson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216050,"text":"70216050 - 1955 - Development of the hydrosphere and atmosphere, with special reference to probable composition of the early atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T21:17:26.378599","indexId":"70216050","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T15:11:36","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the hydrosphere and atmosphere, with special reference to probable composition of the early atmosphere","docAbstract":"A satisfactory hypothesis of the development of the hydrosphere and atmosphere depends upon evidence from many sciences and the solution of many other fundamental problems of earth history. But because it is so closely related to many other problems, any progress toward unravelling the history of the hydrosphere and atmosphere limits the range of permissible speculation about such distantly related questions as the origin of the solar system, continents, mountains, and living organisms. Several hypotheses of the source of the earth’s air and waters are examined for their consistency with established principles and observed geologic evidence, and special attention is given to the probable composition of the early atmosphere.
Hypotheses of the origin of the atmosphere and hydrosphere fall into two chief categories: (1) that all air and water of the earth are residual from a dense primitive atmosphere that once enveloped a molten globe; or (2) that they have accumulated at the earth’s surface by leakage from the interior.
The quantities of water, carbon dioxide, organic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, etc., that have been or are now part of the earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere may be estimated within reasonable limits of uncertainty and these “excess” volatiles afford a basis for testing chemical consequences of the alternative hypotheses. Several writers have suggested that the primitive atmosphere may have been composed largely of CH4 and NH3. However, the equilibrium constants for reactions of these and other gases, combined with the evidence of the “excess” volatiles, indicate that CO2 and N2 are much more likely. The stabilities of methane and ammonia depend upon the presence of free hydrogen; and the escape rate of hydrogen from the earth is such that methane probably could have persisted in significant amounts in the early atmosphere no more than 106 to 108 years. For all but a relatively brief period at the very beginning of earth history, the atmosphere probably contained CO2 and N2 rather than CH4 and NH3.
When the consequences of a dense atmosphere of CO2 and N2 (but with almost no free O2 or H2) are examined, it is found that several chemical effects (such as the quantity of rocks that would have to be weathered, of sodium dissolved in sea water, and of CaCO3 deposited on the sea floor very early in early history) are not borne out by the observed geologic record. From this and other lines of evidence it seems extremely improbable that the present atmosphere and hydrosphere are residual from any such dense primitive atmosphere. Instead, it seems likely that the atmosphere and hydrosphere have accumulated gradually during geologic time by the escape of water vapor, CO2, CO, N2, and other volatiles from intrusive and extrusive rocks that have risen more or less continuously from the deep interior of the earth.
The amount of free oxygen in the early atmosphere is a separate problem that cannot be solved until the evidence of the earliest rocks has been appraised more fully. Current hypotheses of the origin of life appear to require a reducing atmosphere, yet it seems likely that oxygen has been accumulating from the photodissociation of water vapor ever since the earth was formed. The oxidation of ferrous iron and sulfides in the earliest sediments may have kept the oxygen content very low, and life may have begun in local reducing environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE62-p631","usgsCitation":"Rubey, W.W., 1955, Development of the hydrosphere and atmosphere, with special reference to probable composition of the early atmosphere: GSA Special Papers, v. 62, p. 631-650, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE62-p631.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"631","endPage":"650","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubey, William W.","contributorId":16899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubey","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216049,"text":"70216049 - 1955 - The Sudbury [Ontario] aeromagnetic map as a test of interpretation methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T21:07:16.677679","indexId":"70216049","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T15:00:14","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Sudbury [Ontario] aeromagnetic map as a test of interpretation methods","docAbstract":"The method of interpretation of aeromagnetic maps described by Vacquier, Steenland, Henderson, and Zietz (1951) is applied to several anomalies on the aeromagnetic map of part of Sudbury, Ontario. The resulting average computed depths deviate from the known depths by less than 10 percent. The aeromagnetic map is described and compared with the known surface geology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1438145","usgsCitation":"Zietz, I., and Henderson, R., 1955, The Sudbury [Ontario] aeromagnetic map as a test of interpretation methods: Geophysics, v. 20, no. 2, p. 307-317, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1438145.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"317","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Sudbury","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.5020751953125,\n 45.897654534346906\n ],\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 45.897654534346906\n ],\n [\n -80.343017578125,\n 47.03269459852135\n ],\n [\n -81.5020751953125,\n 47.03269459852135\n ],\n [\n -81.5020751953125,\n 45.897654534346906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zietz, Isidore","contributorId":178196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zietz","given":"Isidore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, R.G.","contributorId":72521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216048,"text":"70216048 - 1955 - The displacement of calibration curves for electrical soil‐moisture units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:57:06.735152","indexId":"70216048","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T14:52:36","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The displacement of calibration curves for electrical soil‐moisture units","docAbstract":"Electrical‐resistance blocks were calibrated for use in soil‐moisture studies at Seabrook, N.J. Curves from successive laboratory calibrations are positioned differently because of the effects of chemical quality of the water used, drying techniques and other factors. Furthermore, the laboratory curves are displaced from the field calibration curves because of the difficulty of establishing moisture equilibrium in laboratory samples. It is believed that the results demonstrate the general unreliability of laboratory calibrations when compared with field calibrations of soil‐moisture blocks
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i005p00821","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Fox, G.S., 1955, The displacement of calibration curves for electrical soil‐moisture units: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 5, p. 821-826, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i005p00821.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"826","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, G. S.","contributorId":22424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216047,"text":"70216047 - 1955 - Capillary losses from ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:48:09.972757","indexId":"70216047","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T14:37:29","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capillary losses from ground water","docAbstract":"A method is presented for estimating the discharge of ground water by evapotranspiration of water rising from the water table by capillarity. ‘Potential capillary water loss’ is defined as a measure of the ability of the capillary interstices of a soil to raise water from the water table to the ground surface. Published equations describing soil‐moisture movement and published graphs relating capillary conductivity and capillary potential are used to derive expressions of the relation between ‘potential capillary water loss’ and depth to the water table in a given soil. On the basis of these theoretical relationships, graphs are drawn that show how the depth to the water table affects the ability of a particular soil to raise water to the ground surface under given conditions. The application of these methods is discussed in relation to the estimation of ground‐water losses by capillary rise, the determination of potential evapotranspiration, and the analysis of soil‐tank data. Their essential agreement with empirical profiles of capillary potential obtained in soil tanks demonstrates their usefulness.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i002p00304","usgsCitation":"Remson, I., and Fox, G.S., 1955, Capillary losses from ground water: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 2, p. 304-310, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i002p00304.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, G. S.","contributorId":22424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216046,"text":"70216046 - 1955 - Effect of current drought upon water supplies in Cedar City Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:20:35.040571","indexId":"70216046","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T14:10:46","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of current drought upon water supplies in Cedar City Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"The ground water in the pumping district in Cedar City Valley, Utah is considered by the Utah State Engineer to be fully appropriated, and he has not authorized drilling of irrigation wells there since 1942 except as replacements for wells having established rights. In spite of this regulation, the water levels in representative wells in 1954 were the lowest of record, and four to ten feet lower than the minima recorded during the drought of the 1930's. This recession is attributed in large part to the current drought in the southwestern United States. In the five years ended October 1, 1954, precipitation at Cedar City was markedly less than in any other five‐year period in the past 50 years, and stream runoff was likewise far below average. Ground‐water withdrawal has exceeded replenishment in these drought years, but it cannot yet be concluded that the ground‐water resources are overdeveloped in the sense that pumpage exceeds the long‐term average replenishment to the reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR036i005p00805","usgsCitation":"Waite, H., and Thomas, H., 1955, Effect of current drought upon water supplies in Cedar City Valley, Utah: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 36, no. 5, p. 805-812, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i005p00805.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"812","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cedar City Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -112.6483154296875,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, H.A.","contributorId":58336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, H.E.","contributorId":243568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216045,"text":"70216045 - 1955 - Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [South Dakota]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T20:09:05.386747","indexId":"70216045","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T13:55:34","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [South Dakota]","docAbstract":"Detailed studies have been carried out on a uraniferous lignite from the Mendenhall strip mine, Harding County, S. Dak. By means of heavy-liquid separations, a mineral-free concentrate of the lignite was obtained that contained 13.8 percent ash and 0.31 percent uranium in the ash. The minerals (gypsum 69 percent, jarosite 10 percent, quartz 2 percent, kaolinite and clay minerals 19 percent, and calcite trace) contain only 7 percent of the uranium in the original coal, indicating an association of the uranium with the organic components of the lignite.Batch extractions show that 88.5 percent of the uranium can be extracted from the lignite by two consecutive treatments with boiling 1 N hydrochloric acid. Continuous extraction with hot 6 N hydrochloric acid removes 98.6 percent of the uranium.Columns of coal were treated with water, 1 N hydrochloric acid, 6 N hydrochloric acid, and a solution of lanthanum nitrate. The experiment with lanthanum nitrate indicated that only 1.2 percent of the uranium in the coal is held by ion exchange. The elutriation experiments showed that the uranium is held in the coal as an organo-uranium compound or complex that is soluble at a pH of less than 2.18.A geochemical mechanism by which the uranium may have been introduced into and retained by the lignite is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.2.206","usgsCitation":"Breger, I., Deul, M., and Rubinstein, S., 1955, Geochemistry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [South Dakota]: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 206-226, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.2.206.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Harding","otherGeospatial":"Mendenhall mine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.9425,45.944],[-102.9445,45.8189],[-102.9439,45.7311],[-102.955,45.7318],[-102.9558,45.5584],[-102.9565,45.4711],[-102.9539,45.3852],[-102.9578,45.3851],[-102.9605,45.2982],[-102.9587,45.2128],[-103.3257,45.2124],[-103.6301,45.2139],[-103.6515,45.2139],[-103.6709,45.2139],[-103.6916,45.2134],[-103.7117,45.2139],[-103.7545,45.2137],[-103.7751,45.2132],[-103.814,45.2132],[-103.8354,45.2136],[-103.8568,45.2135],[-103.8969,45.2134],[-103.9364,45.2133],[-104.0207,45.2144],[-104.0406,45.2143],[-104.041,45.2639],[-104.0425,45.5572],[-104.0426,45.5736],[-104.0424,45.6245],[-104.0425,45.6437],[-104.0425,45.6578],[-104.0425,45.6656],[-104.0426,45.6717],[-104.0426,45.6835],[-104.0433,45.7735],[-104.0434,45.7951],[-104.0435,45.8098],[-104.0437,45.8405],[-104.0439,45.8799],[-104.0441,45.9063],[-104.0443,45.9438],[-102.9956,45.944],[-102.9425,45.944]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Harding\",\"state\":\"SD\"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":41901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deul, Maurice","contributorId":67562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deul","given":"Maurice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubinstein, Samuel","contributorId":85886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216044,"text":"70216044 - 1955 - Comments on minor elements in pyrrhotite [Idaho]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T19:54:14.521607","indexId":"70216044","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T13:35:21","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comments on minor elements in pyrrhotite [Idaho]","docAbstract":"The cobalt and nickel content of pyrrhotite from the Highland-Surprise mine, Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, was determined by spectrographic methods. The Co and Ni values fall within the ranges of values found by other investigators. Comparison of the distribution of Co and Ni in the Highland-Surprise ore shoot with the distribution of these elements in the Silberberges, Germany, and Noranda, Canada, ore shoots suggests that caution must be used in the determination of relative temperature conditions in ore shoots by means of studies of minor elements, principally because it seems likely that equilibrium concentrations are commonly absent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.3.339","usgsCitation":"Fryklund, V., and Harner, R.S., 1955, Comments on minor elements in pyrrhotite [Idaho]: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 339-344, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.3.339.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"344","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -116.3397216796875,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -116.3397216796875,\n 47.85371697106819\n ],\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 47.85371697106819\n ],\n [\n -117.01538085937499,\n 47.338822694822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fryklund, V.C.","contributorId":84440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryklund","given":"V.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harner, R. S.","contributorId":42600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216043,"text":"70216043 - 1955 - Is Carbon dioxide an ore-forming fluid under shallow-earth conditions?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T19:25:24.264879","indexId":"70216043","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T13:18:25","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is Carbon dioxide an ore-forming fluid under shallow-earth conditions?","docAbstract":"A review of some of the physical-chemical properties of CO 2 and of the system CO 2 --H 2 O indicates that under some shallow-earth conditions CO 2 can exist as a separate phase with a density approximately that of water. The effect of dissolved neutral or acid salts on the solubility of CO 2 in H 2 O is not large. Carbonates, oxides, and silicates, through reactions with a CO 2 -saturated water phase, will eventually cause the disappearance of a CO 2 phase. The prevalence of CO 2 in the earth's crust is attested by its abundance in natural gases and fluid inclusions in minerals. Some of the characteristics of uranium ores of the Colorado Plateau are not incompatible with the assumption that deposition was from a fluid CO 2 phase.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.447","usgsCitation":"Garrels, R., and Richter, D., 1955, Is Carbon dioxide an ore-forming fluid under shallow-earth conditions?: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 5, p. 447-458, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.447.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"458","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1050310/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":380088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrels, R.M.","contributorId":88804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrels","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":803859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216042,"text":"70216042 - 1955 - Comments on biogeochemical prospecting at the Shawangunk Mine; discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T19:17:54.952825","indexId":"70216042","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T13:08:27","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comments on biogeochemical prospecting at the Shawangunk Mine; discussion","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.6.650","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J., 1955, Comments on biogeochemical prospecting at the Shawangunk Mine; discussion: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 6, p. 650-651, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.6.650.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"650","endPage":"651","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Shawangunk Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.46910858154297,\n 41.58437721415132\n ],\n [\n -74.4375228881836,\n 41.58437721415132\n ],\n [\n -74.4375228881836,\n 41.60908931409982\n ],\n [\n -74.46910858154297,\n 41.60908931409982\n ],\n [\n -74.46910858154297,\n 41.58437721415132\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jules D.","contributorId":76757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jules D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70216041,"text":"70216041 - 1955 - Domain of reciprocal space accessible to precession photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T19:02:54.36782","indexId":"70216041","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T12:36:41","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3276,"text":"Review of Scientific Instruments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Domain of reciprocal space accessible to precession photography","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AIP Publishing","doi":"10.1063/1.1715259","usgsCitation":"Donnay, G., and Donnay, J., 1955, Domain of reciprocal space accessible to precession photography: Review of Scientific Instruments, v. 26, no. 6, p. 610-610, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1715259.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"610","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnay, G.","contributorId":97625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnay","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnay, J.D.H.","contributorId":65940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnay","given":"J.D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216040,"text":"70216040 - 1955 - Automatic micromuffle for determination of ash in carbonaceous material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T18:36:19.40247","indexId":"70216040","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T12:27:45","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automatic micromuffle for determination of ash in carbonaceous material","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","usgsCitation":"Meyrowitz, R., and Massoni, C.J., 1955, Automatic micromuffle for determination of ash in carbonaceous material: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 3, p. 475-476.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyrowitz, R.","contributorId":30350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyrowitz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massoni, C. J.","contributorId":29082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massoni","given":"C.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216039,"text":"70216039 - 1955 - Arsenic tribromide immersion liquids of high index of refraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T18:04:03.97976","indexId":"70216039","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-03T11:53:03","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic tribromide immersion liquids of high index of refraction","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.122.3183.1272","usgsCitation":"Meyrowitz, R., 1955, Arsenic tribromide immersion liquids of high index of refraction: Science, v. 122, no. 3183, p. 1272-1272, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.122.3183.1272.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1272","endPage":"1272","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3183","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyrowitz, R.","contributorId":30350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyrowitz","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37786,"text":"37786 - 1955 - Selected references on con-trolled shooting and artificial propagation of wild ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T16:53:13","indexId":"37786","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-01T16:52:37","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"371","title":"Selected references on con-trolled shooting and artificial propagation of wild ducks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Webster, C.G., 1955, Selected references on con-trolled shooting and artificial propagation of wild ducks: Wildlife Leaflet 371, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffd581e4b0824b2d177676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, Clark G.","contributorId":108407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":218558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":76942,"text":"tem880 - 1955 - Seismic investigations on Holiday Mesa, Monument Valley area, San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T10:24:54","indexId":"tem880","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-01T10:23:07","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"880","title":"Seismic investigations on Holiday Mesa, Monument Valley area, San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem880","usgsCitation":"Hazlewood, R.M., 1955, Seismic investigations on Holiday Mesa, Monument Valley area, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 880, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem880.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Holiday Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.356695,37.039426 ], [ -110.356695,37.057237 ], [ -110.32468,37.057237 ], [ -110.32468,37.039426 ], [ -110.356695,37.039426 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f16e4b01948416424ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazlewood, Robert Morton","contributorId":14743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazlewood","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Morton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}