No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boardman, Leona","contributorId":43406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"Leona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":918311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":71521,"text":"tei495 - 1955 - Uranium in the Upper Cambrian black shale of Sweden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T14:10:30","indexId":"tei495","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T14:03:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"495","title":"Uranium in the Upper Cambrian black shale of Sweden","docAbstract":"The Peltura zone of the Upper Cambrian black shales of Sweden contains about 0.02 percent uranium. Maximum amounts are present in rocks deposited in an embayment in the sea and in rocks in or closely adjacent to that part of the vertical sequence that contains maximum amounts of distillable oil, total organic matter, pyrite, and a black highly uraniferous kerogen called \"kolm\". Available data suggest that the precipitation of uranium is favored by a low redox potential and that the uranium in the shale matrix may be in fine-grained kolm.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei495","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V.E., 1955, Uranium in the Upper Cambrian black shale of Sweden: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 495, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei495.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei495.png"},{"id":284571,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0495/report.pdf"}],"country":"Sweden","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 10.96,55.34 ], [ 10.96,69.06 ], [ 24.17,69.06 ], [ 24.17,55.34 ], [ 10.96,55.34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595d6e4b0120853e8c2d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, Vincent Ellis","contributorId":92650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095687,"text":"tei298 - 1955 - Radioactivity and uranium content of some Cretaceous shales, central Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T14:06:48","indexId":"tei298","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T13:48:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"298","title":"Radioactivity and uranium content of some Cretaceous shales, central Great Plains","docAbstract":"The Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale of Cretaceous age, a hard black organic-rich shale similar to the Chattanooga shale, is radioactive throughout central and western South Dakota, most of Nebraska, northern Kansas, and northeastern Colorado. In the Missouri River valley, thin beds of the shale contain as much as 0.01 percent uranium. Beds as much as 20 feet thick or more have a radioactivity of about 0.01 percent equivalent uranium in southwestern Nebraska according to interpretation of gamma-ray well logs. The radioactivity and uranium content is highest in the Missouri River valley in South Dakota and in southwestern Nebraska where the shale rests disconformably on the underlying Niobrara formation of Cretaceous age. Near the Black Hills, and in the area to the north, the shale of the Sharon Springs member rests on a wedge of the Gammon ferruginous member of the Pierre, which is represented by a disonformity to the east and south, and the radioactivity of the shale is low although greater than that of over-lying strata. The shale also contains a suite of trace elements in which arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and vanadium are conspicuous. Molybdenum and tin are less abundant in the Sharon Springs than in similar shales of Palezoic age and silver and selenium are more abundant.
\nIn the Great Plains region, the upper 30-50 feet of Cretaceous shales overlain unconformably by the White River group of Oligocene age has been altered to bright-colored material. This altered zone is chiefly the result of pre-Oligocene weathering although post-Oligocene ground water conditions also have affected the zone. The greatest radioactivity occurs in masses of unaltered shale measuring about 1 x 4 feet in cross section included in the lower part of the altered zone. Where the zone is developed on shale and marl of the Niobrara formation, parts of the included unaltered shale contains as much as 0.1 percent equivalent uranium and 0.03 percent uranium. The disequalibrium between equivalent uranium (radioactivity) and the uranium content of the shales is believed to be a surface feature caused by relatively recent leaching of uranium from the present outcrops. The co-extensive distribution of the altered zone of Cretaceous shales and strata of the overlying White River group suggest that most of the uranium in the small masses of unaltered marl in the altered zone has been derived from the White River group.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei298","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H., 1955, Radioactivity and uranium content of some Cretaceous shales, central Great Plains: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 298, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei298.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei298.jpg"},{"id":284544,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0298/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Kansas;Nebraska;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.39,38.64 ], [ -105.39,44.82 ], [ -96.87,44.82 ], [ -96.87,38.64 ], [ -105.39,38.64 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355952fe4b0120853e8c176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, Harry A.","contributorId":97903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"Harry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70268055,"text":"70268055 - 1955 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1955","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268055,"text":"70268055 - 1955 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1955","indexId":"70268055","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1955"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T13:42:12.647768","indexId":"70268055","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T13:35:20","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1955","docAbstract":"The Volcano Letter was an informal publication issued at irregular intervals by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) during the years 1925 to 1955. Individual issues contain information on volcanic activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Volcano Letter was published by HVO through multiple changes in administration, including the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association (1925 to 1932), the U.S. Geological Survey (1932 to 1935), the Department of the Interior (1935 to 1938), and the University of Hawai‘i (1938 to 1955). Issues 1-262 were published weekly from January 1, 1925, to January 2, 1930, and consisted of a single page of text. Issues 263-384, also published weekly, from January 9, 1930, to May 5, 1932, were generally longer—four pages— and provided more detail on volcanic activity, including photographs, maps, and plots. Weekly issues 385-387, published May 12-26, 1932, were a single page of text due to budget reductions brought on by the Great Depression. Budget restrictions reduced the publishing frequency to monthly for issues 388-428, covering the period of June 1932 to October 1935; these issues were generally shorter, 1-2 pages, and sometimes featured figures. From November 1935 to July 1938, issues 429-461 remained monthly but increased in length (generally eight pages) and featured figures frequently. Issues 462-530, published over the period of August 1938 to December 1955, varied in length from 2-15 pages, but were published quarterly, rather than monthly.
Six of the Volcano Letters are misnumbered:
Jan. 21, 1926 number is 55 though it should 56
July 29, 1926 number is 82 though it should be 83
Feb. 16, 1928 number is 161 though it should be 164
May 31, 1928 number is 197 though it should be 179
Nov. 29, 1928 number is 204 though it should be 205
The Wood-East Calhoun mine area is underlain by complexly folded Precambrian gneiss and pegmatite. The major fold in the area is an anticline that trends about N. 60° E. The Precambrian rocks are intruded by bostonite porphyry dikes of Tertiary age. All the rocks are cut by east- to northeast - trending faults that have been filled by precious metal-sulfide veins which have been worked chiefly for gold. The Wood vein occurs in an east-trending fault; the Calhoun vein occurs in a northeast-trending fault. Much of the uranium production of the Central City district has come from the Wood vein on Quartz Hill.
\nThe veins consist chiefly of quartz; pyrite is the chief metallic mineral and chalcopyrite is next in abundance. Sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite-tennantite, and pitchblende are locally present. Deposition began with alteration-stage quartz and pyrite followed in order by pitchblend, light-yellow pyrite, massive quartz, yellow pyrite, shalerite, comb quartz, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gray to light-brown fine-grained quartz.
\nThe veins of the Central City district are zoned, with quartz-pyrite veins near the center and galena-sphalerite veins on the periphery. The known pitchblende bodies are in the transition between these, but paragenetically, the pitchblende is earlier than all other metallic minerals.
\nA trace element study of the ore indicates an association of zirconium and molybdenum with uranium, of bismuth, antimony, and arsenic with copper, and of cadmium with zinc.
\nThe pitchblende and other ore minerals are concentrated in ore shoots. The shoots are in open spaces controlled by the competency of the wall rocks, the presence of a prevailing direction of weakness in the rocks, and changes in strike and dip of the vein.
\nThe pitchblende is thought to be a local constituent of the quartz-pyrite ores and to owe its origin to residual solutions from the quartz bostonite magma.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei175","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Drake, A., 1955, Geology of the Wood and East Calhoun mines, Central City District, Gilpin County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 175, Report: 59 p.; 3 Plates: 34.78 x 24.11 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei175.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; 3 Plates: 34.78 x 24.11 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":283632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei175.jpg"},{"id":285611,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0175/report.pdf"},{"id":285608,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0175/figure-06.pdf"},{"id":285609,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0175/figure-09.pdf"},{"id":285610,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0175/figure-14.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gilpin County","otherGeospatial":"Wood Mines;East Calhoun Mines;Central City District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.700853,39.74498 ], [ -105.700853,39.936401 ], [ -105.393921,39.936401 ], [ -105.393921,39.74498 ], [ -105.700853,39.74498 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355946ee4b0120853e8bfd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Avery Ala","contributorId":65460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery Ala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70274623,"text":"70274623 - 1955 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-17T14:44:29.369369","indexId":"70274623","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T10:40:50","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory record book 1955","docAbstract":"The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) record books are annual journals in which field observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, were compiled by HVO staff for most years from 1912 through early 1966. In addition to descriptive observations, the record books also contain hundreds of annotated photographs and sketches, as well as temperature and transit measurements. When photographs are included, the camera settings and film types used are noted. The field notes, sketches, and photographs used to compile the record books provide an unparalleled record of eruptive activity and were the basis for published newspaper reports and periodic bulletins, such as the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins and The volcano letter.
HVO staff also painstakingly prepared a second copy of each early record book, virtually identical to the original, complete with photographs and sketches. The original version of the record book was kept at HVO, while the duplicate went to the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which was created by a group of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, businessmen to promote HVO’s work. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which dissolved decades ago, held the duplicate books in Honolulu, where they were more readily accessible to the public. After 1923, HVO stopped duplicating the books—at least, no duplicate records for subsequent years have been found. During the decade of the 1940s, preparation of the record books stopped altogether. In 1952, compilation of the record books resumed and continued, with long gaps, until early 1966. Entries in these later volumes are sparse, and these books are little more than photo albums of the episodic eruptions of Kīlauea.
The original record books were held at HVO and, later, at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. In 1972, the original record books for the years 1912 through 1939 were transferred to the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, for safekeeping. These record books are now stored in archival boxes at that institution (accession number 172.265). The duplicate set of record books held by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association were bound into volumes at an unknown date and turned over to the U.S. Geological Survey. This set of record books, spanning 1912 through 1923, is now housed in the rare book room of the U.S. Geological Survey Library in Reston, Virginia (catalog number 220(950) H3d). The record books for 1952 through early 1966 remain in storage at HVO. After 1955, typed annotations were no longer placed in the record books, and only photographs, most with captions, were included. Although the volumes titled “Record Book” end with the 1955 volume, the photograph albums that followed are similar, and the record book designation is retained for simplicity. Note that the photographs in these albums were not all originally arranged in chronological order.
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Clyde P.","contributorId":10473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, David A.","contributorId":38964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witkind, Irving J.","contributorId":14469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76938,"text":"tem895 - 1955 - Economic geology of the aluminum phosphate zone on lands owned by International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, land-pebble phosphate district, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T10:15:42","indexId":"tem895","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T10:14:26","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"895","title":"Economic geology of the aluminum phosphate zone on lands owned by International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, land-pebble phosphate district, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem895","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J.B., McGreevy, L.J., and Coleman, A., 1955, Economic geology of the aluminum phosphate zone on lands owned by International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, land-pebble phosphate district, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 895, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem895.","productDescription":"91 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,31.001 ], [ -80.0311,24.5211 ], [ -87.6349,24.5211 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79ee8e4b0194841642425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, James Bachelder","contributorId":19540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Bachelder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGreevy, L. J.","contributorId":108124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGreevy","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, A.M.","contributorId":15531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76933,"text":"tem916 - 1955 - Regional relations of the vanadium-uranium-chromium deposits in the Entrada sandstone, western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T10:00:13","indexId":"tem916","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T09:58:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"916","title":"Regional relations of the vanadium-uranium-chromium deposits in the Entrada sandstone, western Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/tem916","usgsCitation":"Fischer, R.P., 1955, Regional relations of the vanadium-uranium-chromium deposits in the Entrada sandstone, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 916, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem916.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Western Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -105.8971,41.0034 ], [ -105.8971,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f15e4b01948416424a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Richard Philip","contributorId":94283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048753,"text":"tem742 - 1955 - Airborne and ground reconnaissance of part of the syenite complex near Wausau, Marathon county, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T14:33:28","indexId":"tem742","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T09:27:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"742","title":"Airborne and ground reconnaissance of part of the syenite complex near Wausau, Marathon county, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Airborne and ground reconnaissance for radioactive minerals in part of the syenite complex near Wausau, Marathon county, Wis., found 12 radioactive mineral localities. The rocks in the area are of Precambrian age and consist of syenite and nepheline syenite, which have intruded older granite, greenstone, quartzite, and argillite. There are very few outcrops, and much of the bedrock is deeply weathered and covered by residual soil. Thorium-bearing zircon pegatite float was found within the area of syenite and nepheline syenite at four localities. Reddish-brown euhedral to subeuhedral crystals of well-zoned zircon (variety cyrtolite) comprise more than 40 percent of some of the specimens. The radioactive mineral at four localities outside the area of syneites was identified as thorogummite, which occurred in nodular masses in residual soil. Alinement of the thorogummite float and associated radioactivity suggests that the thorogummite has resulted from weathering of narrow veins or pegmatites containing thorium-bearing minerals. Unidentified thorium-bearing minerals were found at three localities, and a specimen of allanite weighing about 2 pounds was found at one locality. Shallow trenches at two of the largest radioactivity anomalies showed that the radioactive material extended down into weathered bedrock. The occurrences might warrant additional physical exploration should there be sufficient demand for thorium. Further reconnaissance in the area would probably result in the discovery of additional occurrences.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem742","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S Atomic Energy Commision","usgsCitation":"Vickers, R., 1955, Airborne and ground reconnaissance of part of the syenite complex near Wausau, Marathon county, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 742, Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 17.01 x 16.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem742.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p.; 1 Plate: 17.01 x 16.95 inches","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0742/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0742/report.pdf"},{"id":283347,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0742/plate-2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Marathon County","city":"Wausau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.758701,44.937957 ], [ -89.758701,45.002181 ], [ -89.655888,45.002181 ], [ -89.655888,44.937957 ], [ -89.758701,44.937957 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5274cd5fe4b089748f072415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vickers, R.C.","contributorId":50583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vickers","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207352,"text":"70207352 - 1955 - The outlook for the future-non-renewable resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T08:06:20","indexId":"70207352","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T08:41:48","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The outlook for the future-non-renewable resources","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.1.1","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Nolan, T., 1955, The outlook for the future-non-renewable resources: Economic Geology, v. 50 , no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.1.1.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50 ","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, T. B.","contributorId":118355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"T. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70194899,"text":"70194899 - 1955 - Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:39:44.591584","indexId":"70194899","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management","docAbstract":"Although the Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Program is nationwide in scope and has been in existence since 1935, it is probable that many readers of the Journal of Forestry are unaquainted with the program's objectives and accomplishments. This paper was written at the suggestion of a S.A.F. member to provide such information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jof/53.9.630","usgsCitation":"Leedy, D.L., 1955, Some contributions of the Cooperative Wildlife Research Units to forest wildlife management: Journal of Forestry, v. 53, no. 9, p. 630-635, https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/53.9.630.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"635","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/53.9.630","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4cb5e4b06e28e9cabb58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leedy, Daniel L.","contributorId":37787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leedy","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3428,"text":"cir340 - 1955 - Water resources of the Wheeling-Steubenville area, West Virginia and Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T20:56:13.673879","indexId":"cir340","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"340","title":"Water resources of the Wheeling-Steubenville area, West Virginia and Ohio","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir340","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.C., Doll, W.L., and Stratton, G., 1955, Water resources of the Wheeling-Steubenville area, West Virginia and Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 340, Report: iv, 31 p.; 1 Plate: 15.63 x 20.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir340.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 31 p.; 1 Plate: 15.63 x 20.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30443,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1955/0340/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30442,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1955/0340/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":116998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1955/0340/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23594.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio, West Virginia","city":"Steubenville, Wheeling","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.511,\n 40.453\n ],\n [\n -80.883,\n 40.453\n ],\n [\n -80.883,\n 39.70182557275365\n ],\n [\n -80.511,\n 39.70182557275365\n ],\n [\n -80.511,\n 40.453\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60204b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Robert Cullen","contributorId":99539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Cullen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doll, W. L.","contributorId":31377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doll","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stratton, Garland","contributorId":86320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stratton","given":"Garland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011002,"text":"70011002 - 1955 - Determination of boron in silicates after ion exchange separation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T16:58:49.310965","indexId":"70011002","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of boron in silicates after ion exchange separation","docAbstract":"Existing methods for the determination of boron in silicates are not entirely satisfactory. Separation as the methyl ester is lengthy and frequently erratic. An accurate and rapid method applicable to glass, mineral, ore, and water samples uses ion exchange to remove interfering cations, and boron is determined titrimetrically in the presence of mannitol, using a pH meter to indicate the end point.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60097a049","usgsCitation":"Kramer, H., 1955, Determination of boron in silicates after ion exchange separation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 1, p. 144-145, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60097a049.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221564,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff98e4b0c8380cd4f296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, Henry","contributorId":98587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51831,"text":"ofr5566 - 1955 - Sixth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:01:50","indexId":"ofr5566","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-66","title":"Sixth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"This report is the sixth in a continuing series of progress reports giving the results of discharge measurements obtained at more than 120 selected sites in the \"Tecolote Tunnel Area\" of the Santa Ynez Mountains. The area derives its name from the tunnel now being completed by the Bureau of Reclamation for the purpose of diverting the flood waters of the Santa Ynez River stored in Cachuma Reservoir into urban and agricultural areas in and near the city of Santa barbara. The observational area for purposes of this investigation extends from Refugio Pass on the west to San Marcos Pass and the Painted Cave area on the east. The tunnel alignment is rouhly north and south through the center of this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5566","usgsCitation":"Hofmann, W., 1955, Sixth progress report on the cooperative investigation of springs and streamflow in the Tecolote Tunnel area of Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-66, Report: 133 p.; Plate: 10.46 x 7.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5566.","productDescription":"Report: 133 p.; Plate: 10.46 x 7.75 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr5566.jpg"},{"id":310485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0066/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0066/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"Tecolote Tunnel Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-120.0533,34.0381],[-120.1234,33.8961],[-120.2407,33.9975],[-120.0533,34.0381]]],[[[-119.9169,34.0783],[-119.5359,34.0433],[-119.8237,33.9656],[-119.9169,34.0783]]],[[[-119.9479,35.0556],[-119.4433,34.8472],[-119.4525,34.398],[-120.4564,34.4431],[-120.6414,34.5725],[-120.6558,34.9553],[-120.3235,34.9225],[-120.1197,35.1053],[-119.9479,35.0556]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Santa Barbara\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmann, Walter","contributorId":30604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmann","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011003,"text":"70011003 - 1955 - Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:43:17.26938","indexId":"70011003","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks","docAbstract":"A rapid, simple, and moderately accurate method was needed for the determination of traces of niobium in rocks. The method developed is based on the reaction of niobium(V) with thiocyanate ion in a 4M hydrochloric acid and 0.5M tartaric acid medium, after which the complex is extracted with ethyl ether. The proposed procedure is applicable to rocks containing from 50 to 2000 p.p.m. of niobium, and, with modifications, can be used on rocks containing larger amounts. Five determinations on two rocks containing 100 p.p.m. or less of niobium agree within 5 p.p.m. of the mean, and the confidence limits at the 95% level are, respectively, ±6 and ±4 p.p.m. The addition of acetone to the ether extract of the niobium thiocyanate inhibits the polymerization of the thiocyanate ion and stabilizes the solution for at least 20 hours. The proposed procedure permits the determination of 20 γ of niobium in the presence of 1000 γ of iron, titanium, or uranium; 500 γ of vanadium; or 100 γ of tungsten or molybdenum or both.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60104a034","usgsCitation":"Ward, F.N., and Marranzino, A., 1955, Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1325-1328, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60104a034.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1328","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fafe4b0c8380cd5399d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, F. N.","contributorId":96254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marranzino, A. P.","contributorId":61798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranzino","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009860,"text":"70009860 - 1955 - Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T21:09:57.663812","indexId":"70009860","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3462,"text":"Spectrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The use of internal standards in the analysis of ores and minerals of widely-varying matrix by means of fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy is frequently the most practical approach. Internal standards correct for absorption and enhancement effects except when an absorption edge falls between the comparison lines or a very strong emission line falls between the absorption edges responsible for the comparison lines. Particle size variations may introduce substantial errors. One method of coping with the particle size problem is grinding the sample with an added abrasive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0371-1951(55)80011-2","usgsCitation":"Adler, I., and Axelrod, J.M., 1955, Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy: Spectrochimica Acta, v. 7, p. 91-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0371-1951(55)80011-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d2de4b0c8380cd63375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adler, I.","contributorId":13371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrod, J. M.","contributorId":29796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrod","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}