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,{"id":2002333,"text":"2002333 - 1955 - The movement and recovery of tagged walleyes in Michigan, 1929-1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T16:13:10.656789","indexId":"2002333","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":406,"text":"Miscellaneous Public","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"8","title":"The movement and recovery of tagged walleyes in Michigan, 1929-1953","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"State of Michigan Dept of Natural Resources. Michigan Dept. of Conservation. 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,{"id":1000225,"text":"1000225 - 1955 - The walleye problem in Green Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T09:13:47","indexId":"1000225","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The walleye problem in Green Bay","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1955)17[44:TWPIGB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1955, The walleye problem in Green Bay: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 17, no. 1, p. 44-44, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1955)17[44:TWPIGB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271049,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1955)17[44:TWPIGB]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62ee09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013886,"text":"1013886 - 1955 - Notes on the life cycle of Fibricola cratera (Trematoda: Strigeida)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-01T15:36:14.76184","indexId":"1013886","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notes on the life cycle of Fibricola cratera (Trematoda: Strigeida)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.2307/3274227","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1955, Notes on the life cycle of Fibricola cratera (Trematoda: Strigeida): Journal of Parasitology, v. 41, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.2307/3274227.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"327","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3274227","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000072,"text":"1000072 - 1955 - The sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:05","indexId":"1000072","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3355,"text":"Scientific American","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sea lamprey","docAbstract":"Replicate samples of dehydrated :alfalfa-leaf meal were assayed for carotene content by four different analytical procedures. The results obtained by the modified A.O.A.C.method were significantly higher than those obtained by the other procedures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific American","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Applegate, V.C., and Moffett, J.W., 1955, The sea lamprey: Scientific American, v. 192, no. 4, p. 36-41.","productDescription":"p. 36-41","startPage":"36","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applegate, Vernon C.","contributorId":39317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, James W.","contributorId":94245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000149,"text":"1000149 - 1955 - The pygmy whitefish, Coregonus coulteri, in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T09:37:26","indexId":"1000149","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The pygmy whitefish, Coregonus coulteri, in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<div class=\"paragraph\">Bottom trawling by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service motor vessel Cisco in Lake Superior in 1952&ndash;1953 revealed a large population of a tiny whitefish, Coregonus (Prosopium) coulteri, which has been reported previously only from northwestern North America. The hiatus in range, from Lake Superior to the Columbia River basin, is the greatest known for a North American freshwater fish. Although minor structural differences characterize the disjunct populations of the pygmy whitefish, these are not deemed worthy of nomenclatorial recognition. Comparisons with related species indicate that the pygmy whitefish is distinctive in the small size, large scales, few vertebrae, few pyloric caeca, and in other characters.</div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\">The pygmy whitefish is widely distributed in Lake Superior, especially in semi-protected bays, such as Keweenaw Bay which yielded about 68 percent of the 1,623 specimens caught. The bathymetric range was 10 to 49 fathoms, with maximum abundance at the 25- to 39-fathom interval. Average length of fish increased progressively with water depth, chiefly because the number of yearlings declined from 100 percent at 10&ndash;14 fathoms to none at 45&ndash;49 fathoms.</div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\">The average total length of pygmy whitefish caught by trawling was 3.4 inches (range 1.2 to 5.7). Extraordinarily slow growth was revealed by the examination of scales. Two fish from Keweenaw Bay, both nearing the end of their eighth growing season, were only 5.4 inches long. Compared to Keweenaw Bay, growth rate was about the same near Laughing Fish Point, faster in the Apostle Islands (and in Bull and McDonald Lakes, Montana), and slower in Siskiwit Bay, Isle Royale. Females grew more rapidly than males after the second year and had a longer life span.</div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\">All male pygmy whitefish were mature at the age of 2 years and a total length of 3.6 or more inches. Most females were mature at 3 years and 4.2 inches; all older females were mature. Mean egg production was 362 (range, 93 to 597) per fish and 26 per gram of total weight for fish from 3.4 to 5.9 inches long. Spawning in 1953 occurred sometime in November or December.</div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\">Crustacea (principally ostracods and amphipods&ndash;copepods in the young) occurred in 106 of 112 pygmy whitefish stomachs and made up 77 percent of the total food volume. When available, fish eggs appear to be important in the diet.</div>\n<div class=\"paragraph\">Other cold-water fishes&ndash;cottids, ninespine sticklebacks, smelt, and four species of coregonines&ndash;were the most frequent associates of the pygmy whitefish. Lake trout and trout-perch were also taken with it at the same stations or in the same trawl hauls. Its closest relative in Lake Superior, the round whitefish, was not an ecological associate.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[161:TPWCCI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Eschmeyer, P.H., and Bailey, R.M., 1955, The pygmy whitefish, Coregonus coulteri, in Lake Superior: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 84, no. 1, p. 161-199, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[161:TPWCCI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"199","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480428,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141996","text":"External Repository"},{"id":128868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eschmeyer, Paul H.","contributorId":86719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eschmeyer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Reeve M.","contributorId":85536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Reeve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":35600,"text":"b1026 - 1955 - Geology of the Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area, Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T19:57:08.85137","indexId":"b1026","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1026","title":"Geology of the Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area, Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1026","usgsCitation":"Richards, P.W., 1955, Geology of the Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area, Montana and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1026, Report: v, 93 p.; 8 Plates: 43.85 x 29.35 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1026.","productDescription":"Report: v, 93 p.; 8 Plates: 43.85 x 29.35 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":247575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-1_south.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (South Half)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-1_north.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (North Half)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63488,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63485,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63484,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63489,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63487,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":63486,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109159,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20574.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20574"},{"id":252045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Canyon-Hardin area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.306,\n              45.972\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.306,\n              44.958\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.454,\n              44.958\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.454,\n              45.972\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.306,\n              45.972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6831ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richards, Paul W.","contributorId":13248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174094,"text":"70174094 - 1955 - Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:33:53.148158","indexId":"70174094","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Webster County, comprising an area of 718 square miles just northwest of the center of Iowa, had a population of 44,241 in 1950, with 25,115 in Fort Dodge, the principal city. Some 94.4 percent of the county is in farm land; corn is the principal crop and is used in the raising of hogs and cattle, an important occupation in this part of the country. Mineral products include gypsum, clay, coal, sand, gravel and limestone.</p><p>The mean annual precipitation at Fort Dodge is 31.21 inches, of which more than 3 inches normally occurs during each of the months May, June, July, August, and September. The average number of growing days is 150. The warmest month generally is July; during December, January, and February the average temperature normally is below freezing.</p><p>The upland area, comprising over 80 percent of the county, is mostly a gently undulating, slightly eroded glacial-drift plain. Morainal hills of low relief occur in the extreme southern and northern parts of the county. The Des Moines River flows through the county from north to south and, together with its tributaries, drains the entire county except the southwestern part, which is tributary to the Raccoon River. The Des Moines River has cut a deep, narrow valley about 90 feet below the upland in the northern part of the county and about 220 feet below the upland in the southern part. The tributary streams commonly have shallow valleys more than a few miles back from the Des Moines River.</p><p>Glacial deposits of Pleistocene age, ranging in thickness from 50 feet in the north to 175 feet in the south, mantle the indurated rocks over all the upland area, but indurated rocks ranging in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous are exposed in places along the valleys of the Des Moines River and its tributaries.</p><p><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Hale, W.E., 1955, Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 4, xi, 257 p.","productDescription":"xi, 257 p.","numberOfPages":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493155,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174094/IGS_wsb_4.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"united States","state":"Iowa","county":"Webster County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.9714,42.6434],[-93.972,42.5566],[-93.9727,42.4716],[-93.9323,42.4709],[-93.9324,42.3827],[-93.9324,42.2955],[-93.9319,42.2087],[-94.0087,42.2094],[-94.0515,42.2092],[-94.1673,42.2091],[-94.2843,42.2089],[-94.3989,42.2086],[-94.3982,42.2954],[-94.3975,42.3835],[-94.3974,42.4721],[-94.4434,42.4718],[-94.4445,42.5572],[-94.4457,42.644],[-94.3279,42.6435],[-94.2101,42.6437],[-94.0942,42.6438],[-93.9714,42.6434]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Webster\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e30e4b07657d1a81989","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, William E.","contributorId":89450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010694,"text":"70010694 - 1955 - Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T20:12:59.472605","indexId":"70010694","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium","docAbstract":"Microgram amounts of phosphate are usually determined by the molybdenum blue reaction, but this reaction is not specific for phosphorus. The research established the range of conditions under which phosphate, arsenate, silicate, and germanate give the molybdenum blue reaction for differentiating these elements, and developed a method for the determination of phosphate in waters containing up to 10 p.p.m. of the oxides of germanium, arsenic(V), and silicon. With stannous chloride or 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid as the reducing agent no conditions were found for distinguishing silicate from germanate and phosphate from arsenate. In the recommended procedure the phosphate is concentrated by coprecipitation on aluminum hydroxide, and coprecipitated arsenic, germanium, and silicon are volatilized by a mixture of hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, and hydrobromic acids prior to the determination of phosphate. The authors are able to report that the total phosphorus content of several samples of sea water from the Gulf of Mexico ranged from 0.018 to 0.059 mg. of phosphorus pentoxide per liter of water.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60098a022","usgsCitation":"Levine, H., Rowe, J., and Grimaldi, F.S., 1955, Molybdenum blue reaction and determination of phosphorus in waters containing arsenic, silicon, and germanium: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 2, p. 258-262, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60098a022.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d2ee4b0c8380cd701f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, H.","contributorId":39513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, J.J.","contributorId":29460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009860,"text":"70009860 - 1955 - Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T21:09:57.663812","indexId":"70009860","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3462,"text":"Spectrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy","docAbstract":"<p><span>The use of internal standards in the analysis of ores and minerals of widely-varying matrix by means of fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy is frequently the most practical approach. Internal standards correct for absorption and enhancement effects except when an absorption edge falls between the comparison lines or a very strong emission line falls between the absorption edges responsible for the comparison lines. Particle size variations may introduce substantial errors. One method of coping with the particle size problem is grinding the sample with an added abrasive.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0371-1951(55)80011-2","usgsCitation":"Adler, I., and Axelrod, J.M., 1955, Internal standards in fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy: Spectrochimica Acta, v. 7, p. 91-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0371-1951(55)80011-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d2de4b0c8380cd63375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adler, I.","contributorId":13371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Axelrod, J. M.","contributorId":29796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axelrod","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010723,"text":"70010723 - 1955 - Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70010723","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks","docAbstract":"Gelatinous silica and aluminum ions retard the distillation of fluorine in the Willard and Winter distillation method. A generally applicable, simple method for the determination of fluorine in rocks containing aluminum or silicon or both as major constituents was desired. In the procedure developed, the sample is fused with a mixture of sodium carbonate and zinc oxide, leached with water, and filtered. The residue is granular and retains nearly all of the silica. The fluorine in the filtrate is distilled directly from a perchloric acid-phosphoric acid mixture. Phosphoric acid permits the quantitative distillation of fluorine in the presence of much aluminum at the usual distillation temperature and without the collection of large volumes of distillate. The fluorine is determined either by microtitration with thorium nitrate or colorimetrically with thoron. The procedure is rapid and has yielded excellent results on silicate rocks and on samples from the aluminum phosphate (leached) zone of the Florida phosphate deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Grimaldi, F.S., Ingram, B., and Cuttitta, F., 1955, Determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 918-921.","startPage":"918","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc7e4b0c8380cd4f3c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimaldi, F. S.","contributorId":94286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimaldi","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingram, B.","contributorId":20891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuttitta, F.","contributorId":33837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuttitta","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70010671,"text":"70010671 - 1955 - Automatic photometric titrations of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T16:57:31.128914","indexId":"70010671","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automatic photometric titrations of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks","docAbstract":"Rapid nonsubjective methods have been developed for the determination of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks. From a single solution of the sample, calcium is titrated directly, and magnesium is titrated after a rapid removal of R2O3 and precipitation of calcium as the tungstate. A concentrated and a dilute solution of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate are used as titrants. The concentrated solution is added almost to the end point, then the weak solution is added in an automatic titrator to determine the end point precisely.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1021/ac60101a008","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1955, Automatic photometric titrations of calcium and magnesium in carbonate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 5, p. 725-728, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60101a008.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"728","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eefae4b0c8380cd4a09e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Leonard","contributorId":61406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51845,"text":"ofr5595 - 1955 - Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51845,"text":"ofr5595 - 1955 - Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"ofr5595","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1110,"text":"wsp1427 - 1958 - Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"wsp1427","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1110,"text":"wsp1427 - 1958 - Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California","indexId":"wsp1427","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water in the Santa Rosa and Petaluma Valley areas, Sonoma County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:09:26.645962","indexId":"ofr5595","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-95","title":"Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5595","programNote":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Leonard, A., and Cardwell, G., 1955, Statement on ground-water conditions in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Sonoma Valleys, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-95, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5595.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, A.R.","contributorId":101669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cardwell, G.T.","contributorId":48160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardwell","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000346,"text":"1000346 - 1955 - Early life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-15T08:42:10","indexId":"1000346","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The early life history of the yellow perch, an important commercial species in the Red Lakes, Minnesota, has been studied with special reference to length at scale formation, growth rate during first season of life, and food habits as they relate to growth and survival. Scales are fully imbricated in the area of 12th to 14th lateral line scales at 24 millimeters total length. There is a wide annual varition in first season's growth which is not correlated with growth in older fish. Body-scale relationship is rectilinear from 24 to 280 millimeters. Length-weight relationship during the first year is expressed by the equation W = 0.6198 &times; 10</span><sup>&minus;5</sup><span>&nbsp;L</span><sup>3.1251</sup><span>&nbsp;which is very similar to that describing the relationship in later years. Stomach analysis indicates food is primarily plankton but in some seasons fish may be strongly dependent on bottom forms. Variations in food availability appear to be associated with changes in growth and may have a major influence on survival.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[249:ELHOTY]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pycha, R.L., and Smith, L.L., 1955, Early life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in the Red Lakes, Minnesota: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 84, no. 1, p. 249-260, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1954)84[249:ELHOTY]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pycha, Richard L.","contributorId":17175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pycha","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Lloyd L. Jr.","contributorId":103618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Lloyd","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70009861,"text":"70009861 - 1955 - Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T22:01:48.441832","indexId":"70009861","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radioactive equilibrium in eight marine sedimentary formations has been studied by means of direct determinations of uranium, radium and thorium. Alpha-particle counting has also been carried out in order to cross-calibrate thick-source counting techniques. The maximum deviation from radioactive equilibrium that has been noted is 11 per cent—indicating that there is probably equilibrium in all the formations analyzed. Thick-source alpha-particle counting by means of a proportional counter or an ionization chamber leads to high results when the samples contain less than about 10 p.p.m. of uranium. For samples having a higher content of uranium the results are in excellent agreement with each other and with those obtained by direct analytical techniques. The thorium contents that have been obtained correspond well to the average values reported in the literature. The uranium content of marine sediments may be appreciably higher than the average values that have been reported for sedimentary rocks. Data show that there is up to fourteen times the percentage of uranium as of thorium in the formations studied and that the percentage of thorium never exceeds that of uranium. While the proximity of a depositional environment to a land mass may influence the concentration of uranium in a marine sediment, this is not true with thorium.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1","usgsCitation":"Breger, I.A., 1955, Radioactive equilibrium in ancient marine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 63-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(55)90018-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93aee4b0c8380cd80f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185470,"text":"70185470 - 1955 - Flood control problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:56:46","indexId":"70185470","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5327,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood control problems","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout the world, alluvial soils are among the most fertile and easiest cultivated. Alluvial valleys are routes for transportation either by water or by road and railroad. Rivers are sources of water, a necessity of life. But these river valleys and alluvial deposits, which have so many desirable characteristics and which have increased so greatly in population, are periodically occupied by the river in performing its task of removing the excess of precipitation from the land area and carrying away the products of erosion.</p><p>How a river behaves and how the river flood plain appears depend on the relationships between water and sediment combined with the existing topography. Thus rivers and their alluvial deposits provide an endless variety of forms which are shaped, to a large extent, by the river flow during periods of rapid removal of debris and of excessive rainfall. The mechanics of river formation are such, however, that the highest discharges are not contained within a limited channel. How much water a channel will carry depends upon the frequency of occurrence of a flow. Low flows, which occur very frequently, are not important in channel formation. Neither are the infrequent discharges of very great magnitude which, although powerful, do not occur often enough to shape the channel. Channel characteristics, are dependent on those discharges of moderate size which combine power with frequency of occurrence to modify the channel from. In the highest discharges of a stream, water rises above the confines of its banks and flows over the flood plain.</p><p>It must be considered, therefore, that floods are natural phenomena which are characteristic of all rivers. They perform a vital function in the maintenance of river forms and out of bank flow may be expected with a reasonable degree of regularity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Conservation Society of India","issn":"0022-457X","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1955, Flood control problems: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India, v. 3, p. 169-173.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81346,"text":"81346 - 1955 - Commercial fishery for chubs (ciscoes) in Lake Michigan through 1953","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T15:27:37.851171","indexId":"81346","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"163","title":"Commercial fishery for chubs (ciscoes) in Lake Michigan through 1953","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., and Buettner, H.J., 1955, Commercial fishery for chubs (ciscoes) in Lake Michigan through 1953: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 163, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great 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